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I.3. PROTOCOL I ADDITIONAL TO THE GENEVA CONVENTION OF 12 AUGUST 1949 RELATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS, 1977 (Excerpts) Geneva, 8 June 1977 1125 U.N.T.S. 3

ALBANIA 16 Jul 1993, ALGERIA 16 Aug 1989 (*41(3), 47(2) 57(2), 58, 85, 86), ANGOLA 20 Sep 1984 (*general), ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 6 Oct 1986, ARGENTINA 26 Nov 1986 (*1, 42(2,3,4), 43(1), 44(1)), ARMENIA 7 Jun 1993, AUSTRALIA 21 Jun 1991 (*5, 44, 51–58, 90), AUSTRIA 13 Aug 1982 (*57(2), 58, 75, 85, 86, 90(2)), BAHAMAS 10 Apr 1980, BAHRAIN 30 Oct 1986, BANGLADESH 8 Sep 1980, BARBADOS 19 Feb 1990, BELARUS 23 Oct 1989 (*90), BELGIUM 20 May 1986 (*1(4) 41, 43(3), 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 58, 43, 90, 96(3)), BELIZE 29 Jun 1984, BENIN 28 May 1986, BOLIVIA 8 Dec 1983, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 31 Dec 1992, BOTSWANA 23 May 1979, BRAZIL 5 May 1992, BRUNEI 14 Oct 1991, BULGARIA 26 Sep 1989, BURKINA FASO 20 Oct 1987, BURUNDI 10 Jun 1993, CAMBODIA 14 Jan 1998, CAMEROON 16 Mar 1984, CANADA 20 Nov 1990 (*11, 38, 39, 41, 44, 49, 51–60, 62, 78, 86, 96), CAPE VERDE 16 Mar 1995, CEN- TRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 17 Jul 1984, CHAD 17 Jan 1997, CHILE 24 Apr 1991, 14 Sep 1983 (*88(2)), COLOMBIA 1 Sept 1993, COMOROS 21 Nov 1985, CONGO 10 Nov 1983, CONGO (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC) 3 Jun 1982, COOK ISALNDS 7 May 2002, COSTA RICA 15 Dec 1983, CÔTE D’IVOIRE 20 Sep 1989, CROATIA 11 May 1992 (*90), CUBA 25 Nov 1982, 1 Jun 1979, CZECH REPUBLIC 5 Feb 1993, DEN- MARK 17 Jun 1982 (*75(4h), 90), DJIBOUTI 8 Apr 1991, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 26 May 1994, DOMINICA 25 Apr 1996, ECUADOR 10 Apr 1979, EGYPT 9 Oct 1992 (*gen- eral), 23 Nov 1978, EQUATORIAL GUINEA 24 Jul 1986, ESTONIA 18 Jan 1993, ETHIOPIA 8 Apr 1994, FINLAND 7 Aug 1980 (*75(4h), 85(2), 90), 11 Apr 2001 (*1(4), 8, 28(2), 35(2,3), 43(3), 44(3), 50(1), 51(5b, 8) 52(2), 54(2), 55, 56, 57(2a(iii), 2b), 70, 85(3c), 96(3)), GABON 8 Apr 1980, GAMBIA 12 Jan 1989, GEORGIA 4 Sep 1993, GERMANY 14 Feb 1991 (*1(4), 41, 44(3), 48, 49, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58, 75(4e,4h), 78, 86, 90(2), 96(3a,3c),*general) GHANA 28 Feb 1978, GREECE 31 Mar 1989 (*90), GRENADA 23 Aug 1998, GUATEMALA 19 Oct 1987, GUINEA 11 Jul 1984, GUINEA- BISSAU 21 Oct 1986, 18 Jan 1988, HOLY SEE 21 Nov 1985 (*general), HON- DURAS 16 Feb 1995, HUNGARY 12 Apr 1989, ICELAND 10 Apr 1987 (*75(4h) 90), IRELAND 19 May 1999 (811(2c), 28(2), 35, 41, 44, 47, 51–58, 61, 75, 78, 86, 90, 96(3), general), 27 Feb 1986 (*41, 44(3), 51–58, 78, 86, 90, *general), JAMAICA 29 Jul 1986, JAPAN 21 Aug 2004 (*44(3), 90), JORDAN 1 May 1979, KAZAKHSTAN 5 May 1992, KENYA 23 Feb 1999, KOREA (NORTH) 9 Mar 1988, KOREA (SOUTH) 15 Jan 1982 (*44(3), 85(4b), 91, 96(3)), KUWAIT 17 Jan 1985, KYRGYZSTAN 18 Sep 1992, LAOS 18 Nov 1980, LATVIA 24 Dec 1991, 23 Jul 1997, LESOTHO 20 May 1994, LIBERIA 30 Jun 1988, LIBYA 7 Jun 1978, LIECHTENSTEIN 10 Aug 1989 (*75(4e, h, i), 90), LITHUANIA 13 Jul 2000, LUXEMBOURG 29 Aug 1989, MACEDONIA (FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC) 1 Sep 1993 (*90, general), MADAGASCAR 8 May 1992, MALAWI 7 Oct 1991, MALDIVES 3 Sep 1991, MALI 8 Feb 1989, MALTA 17 Apr 1989 (*75(4e, h), 90), 14 , MAURITIUS 22 Mar 1982 (*general), MEXICO 10 Mar 1983, MICRONESIA 19 Sep 1995, MOLDOVA 24 May 1993, MONACO 7 Jan 2000, MON- GOLIA 6 Dec 1995 (*88)2), 90), MOZAMBIQUE 14 Mar 1983, 17 Jun 1994 (*90(2a)), NETHERLANDS 26 Jun 1987 (*41(3), 44(3), 47, 51–58, 78(1), 86(2), 90(2), *general) NEW ZEALAND 8 Feb 1988 (*44(1), 51–58, 90), NICARAGUA 19 Jul 1999, NIGER 8 Jun 1979, NIGERIA 10 Oct 1988, NORWAY 14 Dec 1981, OMAN 29 Mar 1983 (*general), PALAU 25 June 1996, PANAMA 18 Sep 1995, PARAGUAY 30 Nov 1990, PERU 11

14 Jul 1989, POLAND 23 Oct 1991, PORTUGAL 27 May 1992 (*90), QATAR 5 Apr 1988 (*90), ROMANIA 21 Jun 1990, RUSSIA 29 Sep 1989 (*90, general), RWANDA 19 Nov 1984, ST KITTS AND NEVIS 14 Feb 1986, ST LUCIA 7 Oct 1982, ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES 8 Apr 1983, SAMOA 23 Aug 1984, SAN MARINO 5 Apr 1994, SÃO TOME AND PRINCIPE 5 Jul 1996, SAUDI ARABIA 21 Aug 1987 (*5), 7 May 1985, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO 16 Oct 2001, SEYCHELLES 8 Nov 1984, SIERRA LEONE 21 Oct 1986, SLOVAKIA 2 Apr 1993, SLOVENIA 26 Mar 1992, SOLOMON ISLANDS 19 Sep 1988, 21 Nov 1995, 21 Apr 1989 (*1(4), 41, 44(3), 51–58, 90, 96(3)), SURINAME 16 Dec 1985, SWAZILAND 2 Nov 1995, SWEDEN 31 Aug 1979 (*75(4), 90), 17 Feb 1982, SYRIA 14 Nov 1983, TAJIKJSTAN 13 Jan 1993, 15 Feb 1983, TIMOR-LESTE 12 Apr 2005, TOGO 21 Jun 1984 (*90), TONGA 20 Jan 2003, TRINIDAD AND TABAGO 20 Jul 2001, TUNISIA 9 Aug 1979, TURKMENTSTAN 10 Apr 1992, UGANDA 13 Mar 1991, UKRAINE 25 Jan 1990, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 9 Mar 1983 (*90, general), UK 28 Jan 1998 (*1(4), 28(2), 35(3),41, 44(3), 50, 51–58, 70, 85(3c), 90, 96(3), *general), URUGUAY 13 Dec 1985, UZBEKISTAN 8 Oct 1993, VANUATU 28 Feb 1985, VENEZUELA 23 Jul 1998, VIET- NAM 19 Oct 1981, YEMEN 17 Apr 1990, ZAMBIA 4 May 1995, 19 Oct 1992

[. . .]

Article 73

Persons who, before the beginning of hostilities, were considered as stateless per- sons or refugees under the relevant international instruments accepted by the Parties concerned or under the national legislation of the State of refuge or State of resi- dence shall be protected persons within the meaning of Parts I and III of the Fourth Convention, in all circumstances and without any adverse distinction.

Article 74

The High Contracting Parties and the Parties to the conflict shall facilitate in every possible way the reunion of families dispersed as a result of armed conflicts and shall encourage in particular the work of the humanitarian organizations engaged in this task in accordance with the provisions of the Conventions and of this Protocol and in conformity with their respective security regulations.

[. . .]

Article 85

1. The provisions of the Conventions relating to the repression of breaches and grave breaches, supplemented by this Section, shall apply to the repression of breaches and grave breaches of this Protocol. 2. Acts described as grave breaches in the Conventions are grave breaches of this Protocol if committed against persons in the power of an adverse Party protected by Articles 44, 45 and 73 of this Protocol, or against the wounded, sick and ship- wrecked of the adverse Party who are protected by this Protocol, or against those