GENERAL INDEX.

Abandonment of right gained by prescription, Accumulation of income, i, 174, n. ii, 9, 36, n., 264, n. Ac etiam, clause of, iii, 287, 289. of bastard children, i, 458. Acknowledgment of feme covert's deed, ii, Abatement, iii, 167. 293, n. plea in, iii, 301. of fine, ii, 350. not admitted in partition suit, iii, 302. Act of , ii, 477. verification of, id. in the United States, ii, 477, n. to indictment, iv, 334. Act of grace or pardon, i, 184; iv, 396. of suit in , iii, 448. when pleaded, iv, 396, 402. of nuisance, iii, 5,220 and n. Act of indemnity, i, 136. Abbey lands, molesting possessors of, iv, 116. Act of parliament, i, 85. exemption of, from tithes, ii, 32. how enrolled, i, 182. Abbots, i, 155. how made, i, 181. Abbreviations in legal proceedings, iii, 323. its ancient form, i, 182. Abdication of the king, i, 211 ; iv, 78. its approval, i, 184. of James II, i, 212. its authority, i, 186. Abduction of wife, iii, 139. private, i, 86; ii, 3, 344. of child, i, 140. public, i, 85. and marriage of women, i, 443 when binding on the crown, i, 261 of heiress, iv, 208. disobedience to, iv, 122. of girl under fourteen, iv, 16. endeavor to repeal by intimidation, iv, 82, n. or kidnapping, iv, 219. Action, chose in, ii, 290, 396. Abearance, security for, iv, 251-257. Action at law, iii, 116. Abettors, iv, 34,323. feudal, iii, 117. Abeyance of the freehold, ii, 107. real, id. Abiegi, or cattle stealers, iv, 239. personal, lb. Abjuration, oath of, i, 162, n., 368. mixed, iii, 118. of the realm, i, 132; iv, 55, 124, 332,377. for matter arising abroad, iii, 394. Abolition of slavery, i, 423, n., 425, n. for civil injury in case of , iii, 119. Abortion, iv, 198. on the case, iii, 122, 209, 222, 226; iv, 442. Abroad, homicide committed, iv, 269, n. for trespass, iii, 208, 209. action for matter arising, iii, 293, n. of replevin, iii, 146. Absolute power of the crown, i, 250. of trover, iii, 151. of the parliament, i, 160. of debt, iii, 155. limitation upon, in America, i, 125, n. of covenant, iii, 156. Absolute property, ii, 389. of assumpsit, iii, 157 et seq. Absolute rights and duties, i, 123. possessor y, iii, 180. Accedas ad curiam, iii, 24. popular, ii, 437 Acceptance of bills, ii, 468. what rights of may not be assigned, ii, 290. Access, presumption of, i, 457. plea to, iii, 303. Accessories, iv, 35. Additions of estate, &c., persons to be styled before the fact, iv, 36, 39. by, i, 407. after the fact, iv, 37, 39. erroneous in pleading, iii, 302. when to be tried, iv, 323. statute of, iv, 306, 334. Accession, title by, ii, 404. Adherence to the king's enemies, iv, 82. Accident, remedy in case of, iii, 431. Adjoining county, trial of offence in, iv, 304. (See "Negligence.") Adjournment of parliament, i, 186. Accomplices, discovery of, iv, 330, 331. Admeasurement of dower, ii, 136; iii, 183. (See "Accessories.") of pasture, of, iii, 238. Accord and satisfaction, iii, 15. Administration, granting of, iii, 98. requisites of, iii, 16, n. to infant, i, 463, n. tender of satisfaction, iii, 16 and n. Administration, the, what is, i, 230, n. Account, action of, iii, 162. the, in United States, i, 232, n. stated, iii, 162. Administrator. books of, when evidence, iii, 368. See "Executors and Administrators." in equity, iii, 163. Admiralty, court of, iii, 68. Accroaching royal power, iv, 76. its jurisdiction and power, i, 231 ; iii, 106. 571 INDEX.

Admiralty, proceedings in, iii, 108. Alderman, i, 116. suit for beaconage may be brought in it, iii, Alderney, Isle of, i, 106. 107. Alehouses, offences in, iv, 64,168. has jurisdiction as to prizes, iii, 68, n., 108, n. Alfred, his laws, i, 64, 113. law in, i, 83. his dome-book, i, 64, 66, 114; iv, 411. trial of offences in, iv, 268, 269, n. Alias writ, iii, 283. Admission of a clerk, i, 390. Alien priories, i, 386 ; iv, 113. Admittance to , ii, 866, 370. Alienation of mind of Geo. III, i, 248, n. Admittendum clericum, writ ad, iii, 350. Alienation, history of the right of, ii, 287. Ad quod damnum, writ of, ii, 271. fines for, ii, 71 ; iv, 418. Adultery, i, 441 ; iv, 64, 65, 191. who may alien and to whom, ii, 290. divorce for, i, 441. restraint on, allowed in favor of a married alimony not allowed in cases of divorce woman, ii, 434, n. for, iii, 94. of rights of action, &c., ii, 290. action of trespass, or on the case, may be different modes of, ii, 293. brought for, iii, 139. by deed, ii, 295. Adverse possession, ii, 198, n., 266, n. by devise, ii, 373. conveyances in case of, ii, 290, n. by special custom, ii, 365. Advocates, iii, 126. by matter of record, ii, 344. liability of, for negligence or want of skill, forfeiture by, ii, 268. iii, 164, and n. conditions in restraint of, ii, 157, n fisci, iii, 27. Aliens, i, 366, 371. Advowson, ii, 21 ; iv, 426. disabilities of, i, 371. appendant or in gross, ii, 22. duty on, i, 315, 372. how conveyed, id. may take, but cannot hold lands, ii, 249, right of presentation before and after va- 274, 293. cancy, ii, 22, 24, n. merchants and artificers, leases to, ii, 298. presentative, collative, or donative, ii, 22. dower of, ii, 131. donative, how destroyed, ii, 23. descent through, ii, 226, n. lapse, i, 24, n, 276. royal grant to, ii, 847. prerogative presentation, ii, 24, n. naturalization and denization of, ii, 249. simony, ii, 278, et seq. enemy, prize of goods, ii, 401. curtesy of, ii, 127. proemunire by, iv, 111. who may be disturbers of right of, iii, 244. enemies, i, 373, n.; iii, 132, n. limitation to actions for, iii, 25, n. Alimony, i, 441. writ of right of, abolished, iii, 250, n. suit for, iii, 94. XEquitas sequitur legem, ii, 330; iii, 441. none allowed in case of divorce for adultery, Affectum, challenge propter, iii, 363; iv, 352. id. Affeerors of amercements, iv, 380. Allegation, iii, 100. Affidavit, iii, 304. Allegiance, i, 866, 369, n.; iv, 74. verification of plea in abatement to indict- local, i, 370. ment by, iv, 334, n. natural, i, 369, 370, n. Affinity, i, 434, 435, n. oath of, i, 367-369; iv, 273. Aflirmance of judgments, iii, 411. to whom due, i, 371. Affray, iv, 145. origin of oath of, ii, 53. breach of the peace chargeable upon him refusing oath of, iv, 116. who begins, iii, 3. withdrawing from, iv, 87: Age, action formerly suspended by non- seducing soldiers or sailors from, iv, 102, n. age, iii, 300. Alliances, how made, i, 257. of consent to marry, i, 436. Allodial property, ii, 47, 60. full, what, i, 463; iv, 22. Allodium, derivation and nature of, ii, 45, 47, of criminal responsibility, iv, 22 et seq. 60, 105. Agents, by, iv, 231. Allowance of franchise, iil, 263. Aggregate corporation, i, 469. of pardon, iv, 401, 402, Aggregate fund, i, 330. of of error, iv, 392. Agistment, ii, 452. Alluvion, title to, ii, 261, 262, n. Agnati, ii, 235. Almanac, inspection of, iii. 333. Agnus Dei, &c., iv, 115. Alteration of deeds, ii, 308. Agreement, specific performance of, iii, 435,438. Ambassadors, how appointed, i, 253. (See "Contract.") their privileges, i, 254-256. Agriculture, its origin, il, 7. violation of privilege of, iv, 70, 441. Aid-prayer, iii, 300. killing, iv, 86. Alders and abettors, iv, 34. Amendments of pleadings, history of the doc- Aids, feudal, ii, 63, 86, 87; iv, 411. trine of, iii, 408. parliamentary, i, 307. of variances in indictments, iv, 439. Air, right to, ii, 14,266 n. American colonies, i, 107, 109, n. (See "Easement.") transportation to, iv, 401. prescriptive right to, not recognized in American states, how constitutions of, differ America, ii, 395; n. iii, 217, n. from English, i, 49, n. nuisance by infecting, iii, 122. ex post facto laws cannot be passed in, i, Albinatus jus, i, 372. 46, n. 572 INDEX.

American states, statutes of, when to take Apology for defamation, iii, 125, n. effect, i, 46, n. Apostacy, iv, 43. exercise of legislative power in, i, 52, n., Apparel, excess in, iv, 171. 58, n., 89, n., 125, n. Apparent heir, ii, 208. sovereignty in, i, 49, n., 52, n. Appeal, iii, 56. rights of married women to property in, i, by approvers, iv, 330. 55, n.; ii, 433, n.; iv, 443, n. of death, iv, 314,424, 443, n. of, i, 68, n. of felony, id. civil divisions of, i, 119, n. of , iv, 314. habeas corpus in, i, 135, n. in convictions, iv, 282. protection of private property in, i, 139, n. prosecution by, iv, 312, 424. right of petition in, i, 143, n. to parliament, iii, 454. right to bear arms in, i, 143, n. to Rome, iv, 115, 421. property qualification of electors, i, 179, n. courts of, iii, 441. executive power in, i, 214, n, 232, n. from decree in equity, iii, 453, 454. treaties, how made in, i, 257, n. in matters of lunacy, iii, 427. war, how declared by, i, 257, n. from commission under statute of charitable judicial tenure in, i, 268, n. uses, iii, 428. titles of nobility forbidden, i, 272, n. to quarter sessions, ill, 455. how corporations created, i. 273, n. new evidence on, id. legal tender in, i, 277, n. from Irish courts, i, 104. corruption of blood, i, 300, n.; ii, 251, n. different from writ of error, iii, 56. escheats in, i, 302, n. Appearance, iii, 286, 290. national taxes of, i, 321, n. by defendant, how made, iii, 287, n. independence of, as affecting status of in- in chancery, iii, 443, 445. habitants, i, 366, n., 369, n. Appearance day of the term or return, iii, 28. escheats for alienage, i, 372, n. Appellee on approvement, iv, 330. naturalization in, i, 375, n. Appendants and appurtenants distinguished, religious societies in, i, 376, n. ii, 22, 33, n. abolition of slavery in, i, 423, n. Appointment to charitable uses, ii, 376. tenures of land, ii, 102, n. Apportionment of rent, ii, 124. estates tail in, ii, 119, n. Appraisement, commission of, iii, 262. foreclosure of mortgages in, ii, 159, n. Apprentices, i, 426, 427. registry system in, ii, 343, n. duty on fee, i, 324. conveyances in, by private statutes, ii, 346, n. embezzlement by, iv, 230. married women's property in, ii, 433, n. exercising trade without having been, iv, bankrupt law of, ii, 476, n., 481, n., 484, n., 160, and n. 488, n. Apprenticil ad legem, iii, 27. courts of, iii, 60, n., 70, n. Appropriation of supplies, i, 335, n. habeas corpus in, iii, 138, n. of ecclesiastical dues, i, 384. suits against, iii, 257, n. Approvement of common, ii, 34; iii, 240. treason in, iv, 76, n. Approvers, iv, 329. American war, i, 119, n. Appurtenants and appendants distinguished, Anatomy, offence of stealing bodies for, ii, ii, 22, 33, n. 429. grant of, ii, 18, n., 34, n. Ancestors, ii, 203,209. Arbitrary consecration of tithes, i, 113. not heirs, ii, 210; see 240, n. power, i, 160. Ancestral actions, iii, 186. Arbitration, iii, 16. Ancient demesne, i, 286; ii, 90, 99. submission to, revocable, iii, 16, n. writings prove themselves, iii, 367. agreement to settle controversies by, id. Animals, property in, ii, 5, 389, 390, 403. Archbishops, i, 155, 377. laming of, iv, 235. court of, i, 83. killing or maiming, iv, 244. mode of appointment of, i, 377. ferie nature, ii, 389, 403. powers and duties of, i, 380. trespasses by, iii, 211. Archdeacon, i, 383. trespass in hunting wild, iii, 213 Archdeacon's court, iii, 64. (See "Cattle," "Game.") Archdeaconry, i, 112. Animosity between clergy and lawyers, i, 20, n. Arches, court of, iii, 64. Animus furandi, iv, 230, 232. dean of, iii, 65. Animus revertendi, ii, 392. Areopagus, court of, iii, 365; iv, 169, 348. Annual parliaments, i, 153. Aristocracy, i, 49,164, 396; iii, 380. Annuities, ii, 20, n., 40. Armed, being unusually, Tv, 149. may be granted in fee or in tail, ii, 40, n., Armies, who can raise, i, 262, 366. 113. standing, i, 413, 414; iv, 419, 439, 441,443, n. for lives, ii, 461. Armorial ensigns, ii, 428; iii, 105. memorial of, ii, 461. Armor, &c., embezzling the king's, iv, 101. Annulum et baculum, investiture per, i, 378. statutes of, i, 411. Annus luctus, i, 457. Arms, right of having, i, 143. Answer in equity, iii, 437, 438, 446. training to, iv, 102, n. upon oath, iii, 100. going armed, iv, 149. of a peer upon honor, i, 402. and ammunition, exporting, i, 265. 573 INDEX.

Army, regular, i, 413. Assignments, ii, 326, 440. history of, i, 408. fraudulent, ii, 296, 441. how raised, i, 262, 366. of chose in action, ii, 397, n., 442. standing, i, 413, 414; iv, 419, 439, 441. distinguished from Arraignment, an underlease, ii, 327, n. iv, 322, 449. of bills of exchange, &c., ii, 468. incidents to, iv, 324. of errors, iii, 406. Array, commissions of, i, 411. Assigns, ii, 289. challenge to the, iii, 358; iv, 352. Assize, general, i, 148. Arrest of judgment, iii, 393; iv, 375 of arms, i, 411 ; ii, 66. of persons, when allowed, iii, 287, n. commission of, iii, 60; iv, 269, 424. of seamen and soldiers, i, 421. grand, iv, 422. how made, iii, 288, and n. justices of, iii, 59; iv, 269. what persons are privileged from, iii, 288. killing them, iv, 84. liability of soldiers, &c., to, iv, 421. could not formerly sit in their own county, of persons in criminal cases, iv, 289. iii, 59, 335. by warrant, and by whom, and for what of bread, the offence of breaking, iv, 157. granted, iv, 290. of nuisance, iii, 220. form of warrant, id. courts of, iii, 58. backing warrant, iv, 291. certificate of, iii, 389. time and place of, iv, 292. writ of, iii, 184; iv, 422. by officers without warrant, iv, 292. of mort d'ancestor, &c., iii, 185, 232. by private persons, iv, 293. turned into an inquest, iii, 402. by hue and cry, iv, 293. Association, writ of, of clerymen iii, 60. going to perform divine ser- Assumpsit, implied, iii, 159, 162. vice, &c., iv, 218. consideration to support, ii, 443. in trespass, iii, 281. Assurance. Arrha, ii, 447. (See "Insurance.") Arson, in general, iv, 220, 372. Assurances, common, ii, 294. what a house to constitute this offence, iv, covenant for further, ii, App. 221. Atheling, i, 199. where house must be burnt, id. Attachment in pone, iii, 280. what a burning, iv, 222. against witnesses, iii, 369. malice, id. for contempts, iii, 443; iv, 283. punishment, id. Attachments, court of, iii, 71. appeal of, iv, 314. Attainder, act of, iv, 259. (See "Burning," "Fire.") forfeiture of real property by, in treason, iv, Articles of the navy, i, 420. 381. of war, i, 415, 417. in felony, iv, 385. of the peace, iv, 255. by premunire, iv, 386. Artificers, i, 407. of personal property, laws against id. combination by, iv, 159. difference between forfeiture of lands and seducing from the realm, iv, 160. goods, iv, 387. As, Roman, divisions of, ii, 462. plea of previous attainder, iv, 336. Asportation, what is, iv, 231. escheat Assault, on, ii, 251, 290. what is, and how redressed, iii, 120; dower of felon's wife, ii, 253. iv, 216, 217. Attaint, writ of, iii, 351. costs in action for, iii, 100. verdicts formerly reversed on king's by, iii, 388. chancellor, &c., iv, 84. superseded by motions for new trials, iii, 404. in king's palace, iv, 125. abolished, iii, 351, n. in courts of justice, id. Attainted persons, iv, 380. on constables, iv, 129. Attempts to rob, iv, 242. on clergymen, iv, 217. to steal fish, iv, 235. in rescues, iv, 131. to Attestation of deed, ii, 307. raise price of wages, iv, 159, 217, n. royal, ii, 308. to stop progress of grain, &c., iv, 217, n. of wills, ii, 376, 501. with intent to commit felony, id. on doorkeepers Attesting witness, proof by, iii, 368. and gamekeepers, id. Attorney, iii, 25. on persons saving wreck, id. subject to censure of the judges, iii, 26. on revenue officers, iv, 155. must be admitted and on commissioners sworn, iii, 26. of taxes, iv, 158. communications made to him in his profes- Assembly, riotous or unlawful, iv, 146. sional capacity, iii, 36. of estates, i, 147. may recover fees in United States, iii, 28, n. Assessed taxes, i, 325. liability of, iii, 164 and n. Assessment of damages for waste, iii, 228. right of, to defend client for felony, iv, 356. Assets, ii, 510. summary estates proceedings against, iv, 284. pour autre vie, ii, 260. to deliver seizin, ii, 315. by descent, ii, 244, 302, 340; iii, 430. warrant of, iii, 397. when not liable for personal wrongs, ii, 302. Attorney-general, iii, 97. real, in equity, iii, 430. information by, iii, 261; Assignees iv, 308. in bankruptcy, ii, 480. information by, in matters of charity, iii, 427. (See "Bankruptcy.") Attornment, ii, 72, 290. 574 INDEX.

a forfeiture, ii, 275. Bankers, embezzlement by, iv, 231, n. Attornment, wrongfiul, their plates, iv, 250 and n. Aubaine, droit d', i, 372. forging iii, 405. Bankrupt, the word, ii, 472. Audita querela, when it lies, certificate must be of vicarages and curacies, i, 388. promise to pay by, after Augmentation in writing, ii, 466, n. Aula regia, iii, 37; iv, 416, 422. 275. embezzlement of effects by, iv, 156. Aulnager, i, 431, 436. Aurum reginse, i, 221. Bankruptcy, ii, 271, 488, n; iv, i, 72. Roman law of, ii, 472. Authorities in law, treated as an offender, ii, acquit, iv, 335. bankrupt formerly Auterfois 471 n. attaint, iv, 336. 474. id. confined to traders, ii, 473, convict, what is a trading, ii, 476. Autre droit, ii, 177. ii, 477. vie, ii, 120. feme covert, Autre debt, ii, 475. (See " Estate.") petitioning creditors' ii, 424. act of bankruptcy, ii, 477. Averium, iv, 155 and n. Averment, in pleading, iii, 313. fraudulent, in indictments, iv, 340. proceedings in, ii, 479. assignee's title to estate and property of Avowry, iii, 149. 485. of land, ii, 261. bankrupt, ii, 285, Avulsion n. Award, what is, iii, 16. dividend, ii, 487, 488, priorities of creditors, id. real property cannot pass by, id. rule of court, id. landlord's rent, ii, 487. under ii, 488. Ayle, writ of, iii, 186. contingent debts, interest, id. superceding commission, id. Bachelor, knight, i, 404. court of bankruptcy, iii, 56, 428, n. Backing warrants, iv, 291. court of review, iii, 428, n. Bail, above, iii, 290. jurisdiction of equity, iii, 428. below, iii, 291. Banks of rivers, &c., destroying, iv, 144, 245. common, iii, 287. Banneret, knight, i, 403. sheriff obliged to take, iii, 289. Banns, i, 439. to the action, if not put in, plaintiff may sue Bar, plea in, iii, 306; iv, 835, 896. the sheriff's bail, iii, 290. trial at, iii, 352 ; iv, 351. when and how put in, id. Bargain and sale of lands, ii, 338. special, when required, iii, 291. Barn, setting fire to, iv, 245. plaintiff in error must find, iii, 411. Baron, i, 398. when may be proceeded against, iii. 416. and feme, i, 4383. scire facias against, id. (See "Husband and Wife.") in criminal cases, iv, 297. Baronet, i, 403. taking excessive, i, 135; iv, 297. Baronies, ii, 62, 90. taking insufficient, iv, 297. Baronies of bishops, i, 156. what offences bailable, iv, 298. Barratry, iv, 134. what to be done, if offence not bailable, Barrister, i, 23; iii, 26. iv, 300. no action lies to recover his fee, iii, 28. personating of, iv, 128, n. defence of prisoner by, iii, 27. bond, iii, 290. Base fee, ii, 109. piece, iii, 291. service and tenure, ii, 61, 148. Bailable or not, who, iv, 297, 298, 299. Bastard, i, 454. Bailee, by, iv, 230. incapacities of, i, 458. larceny from, iv, 231. maintenance of, i, 457, 458. Bailiffs, 1, 345. legitimation of, i, 455. of hundreds, i, 116, 345. cannot inherit, ii, 247 special, i, 346. eign, ii, 248. Bailiwick, i, 344; iv, 38. administration to, ii, 505. Bailments, ii, 295, et seq. concealment of its death, iv, 858. classification of, ii, 451 and n. punishment for having, iv, 65. Bakers, regulation as to baking, &c., bread, Bastardy, issue as to, iii, 335. iv, 157. Bath, knight of the, i, 403. selling bad bread, iv, 162. Battle, trial by, iii, 105, 337, 346, 418, 421, 424. Ballot for jurors, iii, 358. Battery, iv, 216. Balnearii, iv, 239. of a clergyman, iv, 317. Banc, what are days in, iii, 277. what is, iii, 120. Banishment, i, 133, 137; iv, 377, 401. when justifiable, id. Bank notes, ii, 470, n. remedies for, id. checks, id. inspection of, iii, 333. Bank of England, misbehavior of its officers, (See "Assault and Battery." iv, 234. Bawdy houses, iv, 29, 64, 167. embezzlement by, iv, 230. Beaconage, suit for in admiralty court, iii, 107. notes, of, iv, 248. Beacons, i, 264. stealing notes of, iv, 234. Beasts of the plough, when they may be dis- Bankers, checks of, ii, 470, n trained, iii, 9. INDEX.

Beaumount, Viscount, i, 398. Bodies, remedy for stealing, &c., ii, 429. Bees, property in, ii, 393 and n. Body corporate, i, 467. Behavior, good, security for, iv, 251, 256, 402. protection of, i, 134. Beheading, iv, 92, 377. Boiling to death, iv, 196. Benefices, iv, 107. Bona notabilia, ii, 509. Benefit of clergy, i, 377, 402, n.; iv, 333, 365, Bona vacantia, i, 296, 299. 413, 429,441. Bonds in general, ii, 340, and App.; iv, 442. Benevolence, compulsive, i, 140; iv, 436. how far a charge on Bequest. land, ii, 340. (See "Will.") effect of illegal or impossible condition, ii, 340. Berwick-upon-Tweed, i, 99. the whole penalty not always recoverable, Besayle, writ of, iii, 186. ii, 341. Bible, right to print, ii, 410 and n. of arbitration, iii, 16. Bigamy, iv, 163. to resign a living, when legal, ii, 280. Bill in parliament, 1, 181. relief against penalty, iii, 432. how passed, id. stealing of, iv, 234. of rights i, 128, 211-217; iv, 440 forgery of, iv, 249. for patent, ii, 346. Bono et malo, writ de, iv, 270. of indictment, iv, 302. Books, copyright in, ii, 405. of exceptions, iii, 372. popish, importing or selling, iv, 110. of Middlesex, iii, 285. and papers, production of, iii, 382. in equity, iii, 442. Books of account, entries in, when may be of privilege, iii, 289. read in evidence, iii, 368. Bills of exchange and promissory notes, ii, 466 Books of rates, i, 317. et seq. Borcugh English, i, 75; ii, 83. consideration for, ii, 446. Boroughs, i, 115 negotiability of, ii, 442, n. corporations of, i, 475, n. may be taken in execution, iii, 417, n. parliamentary, i, 172, n foreign and inland, ii, 47. election for, i, 174. for what amount legal, ii, 468. members for, i, 174. assignment of, id. courts, iii, 80. acceptance, protest, presentment for pay- Borrowing, contracts of, ii, 453. ment, days of grace, ii, 469. Borsholder, i, 115, 356; iv, 413. notice of dishonor, ii, 470. Botes or estovers, ii, 35, 122. stamp, ii, 469. Bottomry, ii, 457, 461. action on, ii, 470. Bound bailiffs, i, 345. interest on, ii, 463, n. Bounties on exportation, i, 315. forging, iv, 248, 249, and 250, n. Bounty, Queen Anne's, i, 286. stealing, iv, 234, and n. Bourdeaux, mayor of; his certificate, iii, 334. Bills of banks, ii, 470, n. Boxing, offence of, iv, 183. Bills of lading, ii, 449, n. Bracton, i, 72, 425. Billa vera, iv, 305. Breach of the peace, iv, 142. Billeting military, i, 413. chargeable upon him who begins an affray, Bishops, i, 155, 377, 382. iii, 3. are not peers, i, 401. Breach of prison, iv, 180. mode of appointment, i, 377. of close, iii, 209. powers and duties, i, 381, 382. of pound, iii, 146. crown entitled to hounds of, on death of, ii, Breaking, in burglary, iv, 226. 413. to make distress, iii, 11. mortuary to crown on death of, ii, 426. to make arrest, iii, 288. used to sit in the county court, iii, 61. Brehon laws in Ireland, i, 100; iv, 313. what matters tried by certificate of, iii, 335. Brevia testata, ii, 307. not electing or consecrating, iv, 115. Bribery of magistrates, &c., iv. 139 and n. not entitled to trial as peers, i, 401 ; iv, 264. in elections, i, 179, 180 n. Bishoprics, nominating to, iv, 108,115,415,430. Bridges, i, 357; iv, 424. Bissextile year, ii, 141. annoyances in, iv, 167. Black act, threatening letters, iv, 144. British constitution, i, 50, 51. shooting at another, iv, 208. (See "Constitution.") going disguised, &c., iv, 244. islands, i, 105. burning houses, &c., iv, 246. subjects abroad, where to be tried, iv, 305. Black mail, ii, 43; iv, 244. Britons, ancient, their laws, i, 63; iv, 108. Blanch rent, ii, 43. Britton, i, 72, 427. Blasphemy, iv, 59. Brooke, i, 72. Blench holding, ii, 43. Brothels, frequenting, iv, 64. Blind persons, wills by, ii, 497 and n. keeping, iv, 29, 64, 167. Blood, corruption of, ii, 251; iv, 388. Bubbles, iv, 117. restitution in, iv, 402. Buggery, iv. 215. half, i, 70, 194; ii, 227. Buildings, erected under license, ii, 297, n. royal, i, 225, 226. lateral support for, ii, 36, n. Boat, stealing from, iv, 240, n. Bulles, papal, iv, 109, 110. Bocland, ii, 90. Burgage tenure, ii, 82; iv, 419. 576 INDEX.

Burgesses. (See "Boroughs.") Caption of indictment, iv, 351, 448. Captives, property in, ii, 402. Burglary, what, iv, 222, 223. Caput lupinum, iv, 320. as to the time, iv, 224 and n. Carnal knowledge of infants, iv, 212. as to the place and residence, id. and n. of women by fbrce, iv, 210. as to the mode of committing, iv, 226. boy under fourteen presumed incapable of, there must be a breaking, iv, 226 and n. iv, 212. also an entry, iv, 227 and n. Carriers, special and general, ii, 45, n. as to the intent, iv, 228 and n. liabilities of special and general, i, 430, n.; Burial, of , iv, 190. iii, 164. expenses allowed to executor, ii, 508. lien of, ii, 451, n. Burning in the check, iv, 99, 370, 377. traveling on Sunday, iv, 64. in the hand, iv, 367, 369, 370, 372, 377, 451. larceny by, iv, 230. malicious, iv, 244, 245, 246. Cart-bote, ii, 35. to death, iv, 93, 204, 216, 222, 377, 408. Case, action on, iii, 122; iv, 442. Butlerage, i, 315. and trespass, iii, 209. Bye-law of corporation, i, 475, 476, n. for nuisance, iii, 222. action of debt on, iii, 160. for waste, iii, 226. reserved, iii, 378. Cabinet, i, 230, n. from chancery, iii, 453. in United States, i, 232, n. Castigatory for scolds, iv, 169. Calais, captain of, his certificate, iii, 334. Castle, what, ii, 19 and n. Calendar, new style, ii, 140, n Castration, iv, 206. Calendar of prisoners, iv, 403. Casual ejector, iii, 201. Calling the plaintiff, iii, 376. Catholics. Canal, destroying works of, iv. 244. (See "Church," "Roman Catholics.") banks, &c., breaking down, id. Cattle, owner of, liable for trespass by, iii, 212. Cancellation of deed, ii, 309. estrays, i, 297. of will, ii. 503. impounding, iii, 12. of letters patent, iii, 47, 260, 261. malicious killing or maiming, iv, 244. Canon law, i, 14, 19, 82, 83; iv, 421, 423. owner when answerable criminally for in- authority of, i, 79, 83, n. juries by, iv, 197. degrees of consanguinity under, ii, 206. Causa matrimonii preilocuti, writ of entry, iii, Canonical obedience, iv, 106, 112, 204. 183. purgation, iv, 368. Cause, challenge for, iii, 361; iv, 353, Canonists should study the common law, i, 15. Caveat against proving will, iii, 98. Canons of a church, i, 383. against admission of clerk, iii, 246. of Edw. VI, i, 83. Centenarius, i, 115. of A. D. 1603, id. Centeni, i,116; iii, 34. Canterbury, archbishop of, i, 381. Centumviri, iii, 315. precedence of, i, 380, n. Cepi corpus, iii, 288. Canterbury and York, struggle between arch- Certificate of bankrupt, ii, 482, 488. bishops of, i, 115, n., 404, n. of marriage, i, 438. Capacity to purchase or convey, ii, 290 of poor, i, 364. of guilt, iv, 20. of bishop, iii, 335. Capias ad audiendum judicium, iv, 375. for costs, iii, 214. Capias ad respondendum in criminal cases, iv, into chancery, iii, 453 318,429, 459. of assize, iii, 389. allowed in actions of account by the stat- of customs of London, iii, 338. utes of Marlbridge, iii, 281. trial by, id. in actions of debt and detinue by 25 Edw. Certiorari facias, iv, 262, 265, 272, 320, 321. III, c. 17, id. Cessavit, writ of, iii, 232. in all actions on the case by 19 Hen. VII, c. Cessio bonorum, ii, 473, 483, 488. 9, id. Cession of a benefice, i, 392. was usually sued out in the first instance, Cestuy que trust, ii, 328. ifi, 282. Cestuy que use, ii, 328. return of non est inventus to, id. Cestuy que vie, ii, 123. testatum, id. Chains, hanging in, iv, 202. arrest of defendant upon, iii, 287. Challenge of jury, iii, 359, 365; iv, 352. Capias ad satisfaciendum, iii, 413. to fight, iv, 150. when it may issue after writ of elegit, iii, 419. Chamberlain, lord great, iii, 37. if non est inventus returned, plaintiff may Champerty, iv, 135. proceed against the bail, iii, 416. Champions in trial by battle, iii, 339. Capias in withernam, iii, 148. Chance, iv, 26. Capias pro fine, iii, 398. Chancellor, lord high, his authority, iii, 37,47 Capias utlagatum, iii, 284; iv, 320. formerly not a layman, iii, 433. Capiatur, judgment quod, iii, 398, and App. killing of, iv, 84. Capita, distribution per, ii, 517. Chancellor of a diocese, i, 382. succession per, ii, 218. of duchy of Lancaster, iii, 78. Capital punishment, iv, 9,18,237,376,413,441. of exchequer, iii, 44. Capite, tenure in, ii, 60. of university, his court, iii, 83. VOL. II.- 73 577 IN~1DEX.

Chance medley, iv, 184. Chivalry, court of, iii, 68; iv, 267. Chancery, court of, iii, 47; iv, 436. its jurisdiction, iii, 103; iv, 267. (See "Equity.") proceedings in, iii, 104. original writs issue out of, iii, 48. guardian in, i, 462. origin of the name, iii, 46. Chose in action, ii, 396, 442. jurisdiction of legal court of, iii, 47. what are assignable, ii, 468, 470, n. equity, court of, history of its jurisdiction, how assigned, iii, 441, 442. iii, 49. stealing, iv, 234. appeal from equity court to house of peers, Christian courts, iii, 64. iii, 56, 427. Christianity, offences against, iv, 43 et 8eq guardianship of infants, iii, 426. part of the law of England, iv, 60. custody of idiots and lunatics, iii, 427. Church, head of, i, 279. appeal from, in matters of lunacy, iii, 427. marriages in, i, 439. jurisdiction over charities, iii, 427. rate, i, 395 ; iii, 92. (See" Charities.") title to pews in, ii, 429. Chapters, i, 382. repair of, iii, 92. Character of witnesses in rape, questioning, burglary in, iv, 224. iv., 213. larceny in, iv, 241. infamous witness, iii, 370. riotously demolishing, iv, 143. defaming. offences against, iv, 50. (See "Libel.") church yards, of affrays in, iv, 145. Charge to grand jury, iv, 303. societies in America, i, 376, n. to traverse jury, iii, 375. Churchwardens, i, 394. Chariots and cabriolets, i, 325. Cinque ports, courts of, iii, 79. Charitable uses, i, 479. Circuits, iii, 58, 356 ; iv, 422, 424. void gifts to, ii, 268, 273,876. Circumstantial evidence, iii, 371. estate tail may be appointed to, ii, 119. Citation in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 100. Charities, jurisdiction of chancery, iii, 427. Citizens in parliament. remedy for breaches of trust, iii, 427. (See "Boroughs.") Chapel, breaking and stealing from, iv, 241. City, i, 115. Charles I, his judges, i, 209, 816. Civil corporations, i, 470. Charter, ii, 295. Civil death, i, 132; iii, 121,257; iv, 440. of the king, ii, 346. Civil injuries, iii, 2. government in America, i, 108. Civil law, i, 81 ; iv, 421, 422. Charter land, it, 90. always preferred by the clergy, i, 18-20. Charter of incorporation, i, 473. its authority, i, 79. of our liberties, i, 127, 129. not strictly law, i, 79, n. Chase, i, 38, 416; iv, 415. degrees ofconsanguinity according to, ii, beasts of, id. 206. Chattels, real and personal, ii, 143, 884. Civil liberty, i, 6, 125, 251. (See "Personalty.") Civil list, i, 382, 335. estates. (See "Estate.") Civil state, i, 396. Chastity, homicide in defence of, iv, 181. subjection, iv, 28. of queen consort, &c., violation of, iv, 81. Civilians should study the common law, i, 15. violating by force, iv, 210. Clarendon, constitutions of, iv, 422. Cbaud medley, iv, 184. Clausum fregit, iii, 209. Cheat, action against, iii, 164. Clementine constitutions, i, 82. , offence of, iv, 157. Clergy, i, 376. at play, iv, 173. adverse to the common law, i, 18-20. Cheek, burning in, iv, 99, 870, 377. and lawyers, animosity between, i, 20, n. Cheque, banker's, ii, 470, n. formerly proficients in law, i, 17. stealing, iv, 234. excluded from parliament, i, 175, n. forging of, iv, 249. should study law, i, 13, 14. Chester, county palatine of, i, 117, 118. simony by, iv, 62. courts of county palatine of, abolished, iii, benefit of, i, 377, 402, n. ; iv, 333, 365, 413, 79. 429,441. Chevisance, the word, ii, 474. plea of, iv, 334. Chief justices, iii, 40, 41. prayer of, iv, 447. Chief justiciar, iii, 37; iv, 416. abolition of, iv, 365, n. decline of his authority, iii, 39. Clergyman, beating of, iv, 217. Chief rent, ii, 42. mortuary to bishop on death of, ii, 426. Child stealing, iv, 219. when prohibited from hunting, ii, 412. Child in ventre sa mere, i, 130. Clerical privileges and disabilities, i, 377. Children, duties of, i, 453. habit and tonsure, iv, 336. custody of, id. Clerico admittendo, writ de, iii, 413. parent's remedy for abduction of, iii, 140. Clerk in office, i, 17. evidence of, iv, 214. in orders, i, 388; iv, 367. (See "Infants.") parish, i, 395. Chirograph, ii, 296. of the market, his court, iv, 275. Chivalry, tenure in, ii, 61. of the peace, iv, 272. (See "Tenure.") or servant, embezzlement by, &c., iv, 231 578 INDEX.

Clipping the coin, iv, 90. Common, right of, ii, 32 et seq., 263. Close, breach of, iii, 209. approvement and inclosure of, ii, 34. Close writs and rolls, ii, 346. of piscary, ii, 34, 39, 40. Clothes, malicious injuries to, iv, 246. of turbary, ii, 34. Coal mines, setting fire to, &c., iv, 246. of estovers, ii, 35. Coat of arms, ii, 306; iii, 105. disturbance of, iii, 236. Code of Justinian, i, 81. distress for surcharging, iii, 237. of Theodosius, id. action on the case for surcharging, iii, 239. Codicil, ii, 500. enclosure or obstructing, id. Cognate, ii, 235. when the lord may enclose, iii, 240. Cognizance, iv, 278. Common barretor, iv, 133. must be claimed before defence made, iii, Common bench, iii, 37. 297. justices of, killing, iv, 84. when it may be claimed, id. Common carriers, ii, 451, n. in replevin, iii, 149. action against, iii, 164. Cognizor and cognizee, ii 341, 350; iii, 157. Common jury, how returned, iii, 358. Cognovit actionem, iii, 297, 304. Common law, i, 63, 67; iii, 267; iv, 411, 412. Coin, falsifying, &c., iv, 84, 88, 90, 98, 100, despised by the clergy, i, 20. 120. distinguishable into three kinds, i, 67. and relating to, iv, corporation by, i, 472. 84, 88, 90 et seq. guardian by, i, 461. Coinage, instruments of, offences relating to, preference of operation of a deed by, ii, iv, 90 et seq. 380. duties, i, 295. Common informer, iii, 160. right of, i, 277. Common nuisances, iv, 166. Coke, Sir Edward, i, 72, 73. Common pleas, court of, its origin, iii, 38. causes of his removal from the office of fixed at Westminster, i, 22, 23; iv, 424. chief justice of the king's bench, iii, 55. only sergeants admitted, iii, 28. Collateral consanguinity, ii, 204, 220. number of judges, iii, 40. Collateral issue, iv, 338, 396. writ of error from, id. Collatio bonorum, ii, 517. Common prayer book, offence of reviling, iv, Collation to a benefice, iv, 391. 50. Colleges, i, 471. Common recovery, iv, 429. their visitors, i, 482. (See "Recovery.") leases by, ii, 322. , iv, 169. Collegia in the civil law, i, 469. Common seal, i, 475. Collieries, malicious injuries to, iv, 246. Common utterer of false money, iv, 100. Colonial assemblies, i, 109. Commonalty, i, 403. Colonies, i, 107-110. Commoners, when they may abate a nuisance transportation to, iv, 401. to a common, iii, 239, n. Colonization, right of, ii, 7. Commons, house of, i, 158. Color, in pleading, iii, 309. its members should study law, i, 9, 10. Combinations, among workmen, &c., iv, 133, its peculiar laws, i, 169. 160. Commonwealth, offences against, iv, 127. Combustio domorum, iv, 374. Commorancy, iv, 273. Comburendo heretico, writ de, iv, 46, 439. Communem legem, writ of entry ad, iii, 180. Commenda, iv, 107. Community of property, ii, 14. Commendams, i, 393. Commutation of penance, iv, 105, 217, 276. Commentaries, plan of the, i, 34. of tithes, i, 388, n. Commerce, king the arbiter of, i, 273. Compact distinguished from law, ii, 45. Commission of array, i, 411. Companies, public, on, iv, 249. of lunacy, i, 305, 306, n. (See "Corporations.") of the peace, i, 351; iv, 270. Compassing the death of the king, &c., iv, 76. in bankruptcy, ii, 480. Compensatio, iii, 305. of rebellion, iii, 444. Composition with creditors, ii, 484. high court of, iii, 68, Compound larceny, iv, 239. of review, iii., 67. (See "Larceny.") to examine witnesses, &c., iii, 75, n., 383, Compounding felony, iv, 133. 438, 449. other prosecutions, iv, 136. under the statute of charitable uses, iii, 427. Compulsion, iv, 27. Commitment of persons accused, iv, 296. Compurgators, iii, 343; iv, 368, 414. reason for which it is made must be ex- in equity, iii, 447. pressed, iii, 133. Computation of time, ii, 140, n. Committee, judicial, of the privy council, i, Concealment from the crown, iv, 436. 231, n., 280, n. of bastard's death, iv, 198. how organized, iii, 69, n. Conclusion of pleas, iii, 303. of lunatic, i, 306. Concord in a fine, ii, 304 i iii, 157. of peers, iii, 56. Condemnation of goods in the exchequer, iii, Common assurances, ii, 294. 262. Common, estate in, ii, 191, 399. of deodands, i, 300; iii, 259. (See "Estate.") Condition, ii, 17, n., 110, 299. 579 INDEX.

Condition, distinguished from a remainder Constable, petty, i, 355. and a conditional limitation, ii, 156. Constitution, British, i, 49, 50, 127, 144, 154, estates upon, ii, 152. 160, 213, 217, 233, 237; iv, 439. implied or express condition, ii, 152,154,299. changes in, i, 155, n. precedent or subsequent, ii, 154. American, how they restrain legislative in deed and in law, ii, 155. power, i, 49, n., 52, n., 58, n., 89, n., 125, n. effect of breach of, ii, 156, 281. (See "American States.") impossible or illegal, ii, 156, 340. Construction of deeds and wills, ii, 115, 297 estate in mortgage, ii, 157. et seq., 397 et seq. (See "Mortgage.") rules of, in equity, the same as at law, iii, Conditional fee, ii, 109, n. 430. (See "Estate.") of statutes, rules for, i, 87, 91. Conditional limitation, ii, 156. (See also "Interpretation of Law.") Conditional pardon, iv, 401. Constructive treason, iv, 75, 85. Confession by prisoners, iv, 357. taking, in larceny, iv, 230, n. of indictment, iv, 329. Consul, offences to his person, iv, 70 n. in divorce cases, i, 441, n. Consultation, writ of, why so called, iii, 114. of cause of action, iii, 303, 397. Contempt against the king, iv, 121. in ejectment, iii, 203. in courts of law, iv, 283. of debt barred by statute, iii, 306, n. of court, process in equity, iii, 443. Confinement to the realm, i, 265. Contenement, iv, 379. Confirmation, ii, 325. Contingent remainders, ii, 169. of bishops, i, 378, 380; iv, 115. (See "Remainder.") Confiscation, iv, 377. conveyance of, ii, 290, 354. Confiscations, part of royal revenue, i, 299. uses, ii, 334. Confusion and intermixture of goods, ii, 405. legacy, ii, 513. Conge d'eslire, i, 379, 382; iv, 421. Continual claim, ii, 316; iii, 174. Congregations, religious, disturbance of, iv, 54 Continuances, iii, 316. and n. Continuando, laying trespass with a, iii, 212. Congress of United States, meetings of, i, 153, Contract of marriage, i, 439; iii, 93. n., 189, n. implied in the organization of government, how composed, i, 160, n. iii, 158. revenue bills in, i, 170, n. original, between king and people, i, 233. approval of bills, i, 185, n. Contracts, ii, 442 et seq. Conies, taking, killing or stealing, iv, 235. are either special or parol, ii, 446, 465. Conjugal rights, suit for restitution of, iii, 94. when to be in writing, ii, 442, 447. Conjuration, iv, 60, 436. partial execution, ii, 447. Conquest, the words ii, 48, 242. signature by one party only, ii, 442. Conquest, Norman, i, 199; iv, 414, 415. express or implied, ii, 443; iii, 153, 158. introduction of feudal tenures on, ii, 48. executed or executory, ii, 443. Consanguinity, i, 434, 435, n. simple or special, ii, 465. degrees of, ii, 202, 206. consideration to support, ii, 296, 443. collateral, ii, 204. improvidence of, ii, 444. Conscience, laws binding on the, i, 54, 57, n. nudum pactum, ii, 445. courts of, iii, 441. kinds of, ii, 446. Consecration of bishops, i, 380; iv, 115. (See "Bailments," "Borrowing," "Debt," Consequential damages, iii, 153. "Exchange,' "Hiring,' "Sale.") Conservators of the peace, i, 350; iv, 413, 431. of marriage, i, 439; iii, 93. (See" Justice.") actions on, iii, 117. Conservators, truce and safe-conducts, iv, 69. specific performance of, iii, 435, 438. Conservatory, robbery of, iv, 233, and n. for sale of lands, possession under, ii, 140, Consideration for a contract, ii, 443, 444, n., n., 146, n. 468. Contractu, action e, iii, 117. moral obligation, ii, 445, n. Convention of estates, i, 151, 152 in a deed, ii, 296. of parliament, i, 152. different kinds of, ii, 444. Conversion, iii, 152. inadequacy of, ii, 444, n. Conveyances, origin and history of, ii, 9, 287; Consideratum est per curiam, iii, 396. iv, 430. Consilium, or imparlance, iv, 356. attornment, ii, 290. Consimili casu, writ of entry in, iii, 183. who may convey, and to whom, id. Consistory court, iii, 64. to a corporation, id. Consolidated fund, i, 331. kinds of, ii, 294, 309, et seq. Consort, queen's, i, 219. writing essential to, ii, 297. Conspiracy, law of, in general, iv, 136. to be signed, ii, 306. to raise wages, iii, 160. by deed, ii, 295. action of, iii, 126. lease and release, ii, 339. Constable, i, 355, 411; iv, 292. to lead or declare uses, id. high, i, 115. of revocation and defeasance, id. lord high, i, 355; iii, 37; iv, 268. at the common law, or under the stattte of his court, iii, 68; iv, 267. uses, iil 309, 337. his duty, on arrest in criminal cases, iv, 296. by matter of record, ii, 341. 580 INDEX.

Conveyances, of freehold, ii, 811, et seq. Coroner, his court, iv, 274. of contingent remainder, ii, 290, n., 854. apprehending felon, iv, 292. of incorporeal hereditaments, ii, 317. Saxon laws, as to, iv, 413. fraudulent, ii, 296. inquest of, equivalent to finding of grand Convict, transportation of, iv, 401. jury, when, iv, 274, n. rescue of, iv, 131. inquisition of, formal defects in, id. execution of, iv, 403. Corporate counties, i, 120. Conviction in general, iv, 280. name, i, 474. in against revenue laws, iv, 281. offices, remedy by mandamus for refusal to before justices for disorderly offences in admit to, i, 264. general, id. franchises, usurpation of, iii, 262. by judgment, iv, 862. Corporation acts, iv, 58, 439, 443, n. Convocation, i, 279. Corporations, i, 467. court of bishops in, iii, 67. aggregate, i, 469. Coparceners, ii, 187. ecclesiastical, i, 470. (See "Estate.") eleemosynary, id. Copper coin, counterfeiting, iv, 100. dissolution of, i, 484. Copy of indictment, right of prisoner to, iv, duties of, i, 480. 351. how created, i, 472. of record of indictment, iii, 126. incidents and powers of, i, 476,479. Copyhold, ii, 90, 95, 147. lay, i, 470. varieties of tenures by custom, ii, 148. origin of, i, 468. tenant's right of renewal, ii, 148. privileges and disabilities of, i, 476, 477. customary freeholds, ii, 107, 149. sole, i, 469. lands, parcel of the manor, ii, 97. visitors of, i, 484. demisable immemorially by custom, id. franchises of, are granted upon condition, ii, inheritable, or for life, ii, 97, 98. 153, n. heriots, ii, 97, 422, 424. proceedings against, in the reign of Charles wardship, ii, 98. II, iii, 263. admittance of heir, ii, 97, n., 371. process by distringas against, iii, 445. customary court and court-baron, i, 90, n. courts of, iii, 80. court of ancient demesne, ii, 100. property passes by succession, ii, 430. fines, ii, 98. when may take chattel by succession, ii, 481. modes of alienation, ii, 865. conveyance to, ii, 108, 290. surrender, re-grant and admittance, ii, 866, no escheat or extinction of, ii, 256. 368 et seq. leases by, ii, 318 et seq. trusts of, ii, 867, n. grants to, in mortmain. devisee of, by unadmitted heir, devisee or (See "Mortmain.") surrenderee, ii, 367, n. Corporeal hereditaments, ii, 17. estate of surrenderor, ii, 368. Corpse, stealing of, ii, 429. entails of, how barred, ii, 113. Corpus juris canonica, i, 82. free bench, ii, 132. Corpus juris civil, i, 81. forfeiture for breach of custom, ii, 284. Correction of apprentices, i, 428. when affected by an act of parliament, ii, of children, i, 452, 453; iv, 182. 113. of scholars, i, 458; iv, 182. could not formerly be taken in execution, of servants, i, 428; iv, 182. iii, 418. of wives, i, 444. but may now, iii, 419, n. house of, iv, 370, 371, 377. Copyright, ii, 405 et seq., 410. Corruption of blood, ii, 251; iv, 388,413,488,440. prerogative copyright of crown in acts of Corse-present, ii, 425. parliament, bibles, &c., ii, 410. Corsned, trial by, iv, 345,414. Corn, may be distrained, iii, 9. Cosinage, writ of, iii, 186. destroying, iv, 246. Costs, title to, by judgment, ii, 432. sporting, &c., in, iv, 174. statutes by which they are given, iii, 399. stopping it going to market, iv, 158. king neither pays nor receives, iii, 400. Corn rents, ii, 322. exceptions, iii, 400, n. Cornage, ii, 74. when executors liable to pay, iii, 400. Cornwall, duchy of, i, 225, n. in actions on the case, when plaintiff re- Corody, i, 284; ii, 40. covers less damages than 40s., iii, 214,400. Coronation oath, ancient, i, 236. paupers excused from paying, iii, 400. modern, i, 235. in trespass, iii, 214. made use of to prevent Catholic emancipa- on notgoing to trial, iii, 857. tion, i, 235, n. in equity, iii, 451. Coronatore eligendo, writ de, i, 347. in criminal cases, iv, 362 and n. ex onerando, writ de, i, 348. Council, judicial committee of privy, i, 232, n., Coroner, i, 346; iv, 292, 413. 280, n. ; iii, 61, n., 80, n. duration of office of, i, 348. president of the, i, 230, n. mode of appointing, i, 347. its present organization, iii, 69, n. power and duty of, i, 348. the great, i, 148. of duchy of Lancaster, 1, 119, n. Councils of the king, i, 227. when venire facias issues to, iii, 354. Counsel, iii, 26. 581 INDEX.

Counsel, king's, iii, 27. Courts of exchequer, general jurisdiction of, cannot maintain an action for his fees, iii, 28. iii, 43. action against, iii, 164. of high commission, iii, 447. not answerable for any matter spoken by of master of rolls, iii, 451. him, iii, 29. of vice chancellors, iii, 426. for prisoners, iv, 355. criminal, iv, 259 etseq. Count, i, 116, 398. of parliament, iii, 56 ; iv, 259. in declaration, iii, 293,295. of lord high steward, iv, 261. in indictment, iv, 98, 306, n. of king's bench, iii, 41 ; iv. 265. Counterfeiting the king's coin, iv, 84,88, 100, n. of star chamber, i, 230; iii, 445; iv, 266, 310, the king's seals, iv, 83, 89. 429,433,437. Counterpart of deed, ii, 296. of chivalry, iii, 68 ; iv, 267. Counties, i, 116 ; iv, 411. of admiralty, iii, 68 ; iv, 268. corporate, i, 120. of oyer and terminer, iii, 58; iv, 269. palatine, i, 117-119 ; iv, 431. commission of assize and nisi prius, iii, 57; courts of, iii, 79. iv, 269. members for, i, 159. of general quarter sessions, iv, 271 and n. electors for, i, 172, 173. central criminal court, iv, 271, n. Country, trial by the, iv, 349. sheriff's tourn, iv, 273. County court, i, 267 ; iii, 35: iv, 411, 441. court-leet, or view of frank-pledge, id. of Middlesex, iii, 82. of coroner, iv, 274. holden by the sheriff, i, 343. of clerk of market, iv, 275. its jurisdiction, iii, 36. of special and private jurisdiction, id. when holden, id. of lord steward, treasurer, or comptroller of formerly a court of great dignity, id. king's household, iv, 276. formerly as much a spiritual as a temporal forest, iii, 71. tribunal, iii, 61. of commissioners of sewers, iii, 73. Court-baron, ii, 90; iii, 33; iv, 411. of policies of insurance, iii, 74. may hold plea of personal actions under of the marshalsea, iii, 76. 40s. ; iii, 34. of Wales, iii, 77. writ of false judgment lies to courts at West- of duchy of Lancaster, iii, 78 429. minster, id. of counties palatine, iii, 79. Court, payment into, when it may be, iii, 304, n. stannary, iii, 80. Court hand, iii, 323. of London, &c., iii, 81. Courts, their nature and incidents, iii, 23; iv, of the Universities, iii, 83. 258, 414. Costumier of Normandy, i, 107. derived from the power of the crown, iii, 23. Covenant, what it is, iii, 156. some are of record, others not, iii, 24. who may take advantage of, iii, 157 and n. their constituent parts, iii, 25. what run with the land, iii, 157, n. assaults in, iv, 125. against devisees, iii, 430, n. are of four sorts, common law and equity, by or with persons not parties to the deed, ecclesiastical, military, and maritime,iii,30. iii, 296, n. origin of,id. implied, ii, 443, n. inferior, have fallen into decay, id. real, ii, 304; iii, 157. aula regia, iii, 37. for title, ii, 304. establishment of distinct, has been advan- when it runs with the land, ii, 304, n. tageous, iii, 31, 40. to stand seized, ii, 338. power to erect, i, 267 ; iii, 24. writ of, ii, 350; iii, 156. practice of tried by certificate of officer, iii, Covert-baron, i, 442. 335. Coverture, i, 442. of equity, i, 62, 92. (See "Husband and Wife.") jurisdiction of, iii, 46, 443. Craven, iv, 348. proceedings in, iii, 425 et seq. meaning of the word, iii, 340, n. (See "Chancery," "Equity," "Pleading," Credible witness, iii, 370. "Practice.") Creditors, payment of debts of, by executor, Christian, and others, which receive peculiar ii, 511. laws, i, 83; iii, 61. appointing debtor executor, ii, 511 and n. martial, i, 416; iii, 6. executor, iii, 18. profits of, i, 289. conveyances and assignments, when fraudu- of piepoudre, iii, 32. lent against, ii, 296. baron, iii, 33. Crimes, divisions of, iv, 1, 2, 5. customary, ii, 90. Criminal conversation, iii, 139. of bankruptcy, iii, 56, 428, n. information, iv, 308. hundred court, iii, 34. punishments, i, 133; iv, 7-16, 252, 258, 377. county, iii, 35. Croft, what, ii, 19. of wards and liveries, ii, 69. Crops of corn, &c., setting fire to, iv, 246. of common pleas, iii, 37. Cross-bill, iii, 448, 451. of exchequer, equitable jurisdiction of, iii, Cross-remainders, implication of, ii, 381. 426. Crown, descent of the, i, 191; iv, 413. jurisdiction of, in respect of royal matters, office, iv, 265, 308. iii, 428. lands, i, 286. 582 INDEX.

Crown, leases, i, 287. Cutpurses, iv, 242. power of, i, 335-337. Cy pres doctrine, i, 480, n. all lands are held of, ii, 51. royal mines, ii, 18, 43. Damage to things personal, iii, 152. royal fish, ii, 403. Damage feasant, iii, 6. title to chattels by prerogative, ii, 408, 505. Damages, title to, by judgment, ii, 438; iii, 187. ancient jewels of, are heir-looms, ii, 428. Dane-lage, i, 65; iv, 412. may take a chattel by succession, ii, 432. Darrein presentment, assize of, iii, 245. cannot be joint owner of a chattel with a abolished, iii, 245, n. subject, ii, 409. execution in, iii, 412. prerogative copyright, ii, 410. Date of deed, ii,304. property in game, id. Day, fraction of a, ii, 140, n. no lapse of right to present by, ii, 277. in banc, iii, 277. mortuary on death of bishop, ii, 413, 426. in court, iii, 316. forfeiture of lands to, ii, 267. of grace, iii, 279. no general occupancy against, ii, 259. Deacon, i, 388. words of limitation in grants to, ii, 109. Dead body, stealing, ii, 429. descent of, to collateral relation of the half- stealing shroud from, iv, 236. blood allowed, ii, 253. Dead man's part, ii, 518. reversion in, not barrable, ii, 118. Deadly feud, iv, 244. not bound by sale in market overt, ii, 449. Deaf, dumb and blind, i, 304; ii, 497. grants by, ii, 308, 346. wills by, ii, 497 and n. mistake or deceit of, ii, 348. Dean and chapter, i, 382. cannot grant monopolies, except for inven- Dean, rural, i, 383. tions, ii, 407. Death, civil, i, 132; ii, 121. injuries to, remedied by usual common-law appeal of, iv, 314,424. actions or inquests of office, iii, 257. execution of sentence of, iv, 408, 404. peculiar jurisdiction of exchequer in respect action for causing, iii, 119. of, iii, 428. of party, when suit abated by, iii, 301. Cucking stool, iv, 169. De bene esse, iii, 383. Cui ante divortium, writ of, iii, 183. Debenture, for money, &c., stealing, iv, 234. Cui in vita, writ ot1 iii, 183. Debet et detinet, action in, iii, 155. Culprit, ii, 339. Debt, national, and charge thereof, i, 325; iv, Cumberland, theft in, iv, 238. 441. Curate, i, 393. its legal acceptation, iii, 154. his remedy for non-payment of his stipend, action of, when it may be brought, id. iii, 90 and n. on amercement, iii,159. Curator of infants, i, 460. on escape, iii, 164. Curatores viarum, i, 358. on bye-law, iii, 159. Curfew, iv, 419, 420. on judgment, iii, 158. Curialitas, ii, 126. on penal statutes, iii, 159. Currency, i, 276-279. information of, iii, 261. Cursing, iv, 59. formerly the exact sum demanded must Curtesy, ii, 126. have been recovered, iii, 155. of trusts, ii, 127, n. Debts, ii, 464 et seq. of advowson, ii, 127. of record, ii, 465. Custody of idiots and lunatics, i, 303; iii, 427. by specialty, ii, 465. of temporalities, i, 282. (See "Bond," "Covenant," "Judgment.") Custody of the law, goods in not to be dis- by simple contract, ii, 465 trained, iii, 7, n. merger of, id. Custom of London, i, 75, 76. negotiable, ii, 466. of merchants, i, 75. (See "Bills of Exchange.") distinguished from prescription, ii, 263. promise to pay, when to be in writing, ii, title to personalty by, ii, 422. 466. of York and London, as to distribution of acknowledgment of, id. intestate's effects, ii, 517. payment by executors, and priority of, ii, of London, how tried, iii, 334. 511. alienation by, ii, 365. Debtor, relief of insolvent, iii, 415; iv, 415. dower by, ii, 132. refusing to discover his effects, iv, 156. Customary court, ii, 91, n. (See "Bankruptcy.") freeholds, ii, 100, 149. Deceit, action of, iii, 165, 166, 405. dues to mills, &c., iii, 235. writ of, iii, 405. Customs general, i, 68-74; iii, 50. Decennary, i, 114; iv, 252. how proved, i, 70-74, 76. Deception of the king in his grants, i, 246. how settled, i, 69. Decisions of the courts, i, 69. Customs, particular, i, 74-79. Decisive oath, iii, 342. how allowed, i, 78. Declaration, iii, 293. when legal, i, 76-78; ii, 35, n. different counts formerly inserted in, iii, 294. Customs on merchandize, i, 314, 316. conclusion of, iii, 294. Custos rotulorum, i, 349; iv, 272. Declaratory part of a law, i, 54. Custuma antiqua sive magna, i, 315. statutes, i, 86. Custuma parva et nova, i, 315. Declinatory plea, iv, 333, 336. INDEX.

De consuetudinibus et servitis, writ, iii, 232. Deforcement, iii,172. abolished, iii, 232, n. Deforciant, ii, 350; iii, 174. Decree in equity, iii, 451. Definitive sentence, iii, 101. has the force of a judgment, iii, 453. Degradation of peer, i, 402. Decretals, i, 82. Degrees conferred by the archbishop, i, 381. Decretum Gratiana, i, 82. of guilt, iv, 34- Dedication of ways, ii, 35, n. in writs of entry, iii, 181. dower barred by, ii, 138, n. of kindred, computation of, ii, 207 and n., Dedimus potestatem, i, 352; ii, 351 ; iii, 447. 224. Deed, conveyance by, ii, 295. De homine replegiando, writ of, iii, 128. what is, id. Dehors, matter of, iii, 387; iv, 390. several species of deeds, ii, 309. Delay of the law, iii, 423. indenture or deed-poll, ii, 295. Delgates, court of, iii, 66, 69. original and counterpart, ii, 296. its powers transferred to the king in council, covenants by or with persons not parties, id. iii, 67, n. may be printed, ii, 297. Delegation not representation, i, 159. consideration not essential to, ii, 296. Delictum, challenge propter, iii, 362; iv, 352. by feme covert, ii, 361, 362, 392. Deliverance, second writ of, iii,150. construction of, ii, 19, 379. Delivery of deed, ii, 306. of goods. recitals in, ii, 298. (See "Sale.") deed-poll taken most strongly against the grantor, ii, 121, 380. Demandant and tenant. the first of two repugnant clauses preferred, (See "Ejectment.") ii, 381. De medietate lingue, jury, iii, 359. intended to operate one way may operate Demesne, seisin in, ii, 105. another, ii, 338, 379. lands, ii, 90, 100. preference of operation at the common law, Demesnes of the crown, i, 286, ii, 379, n. Demi-mark, tender of, iii, 5. creation of estates by. Demise, ii, 317. (See" Estate.") Demise of the crown, i, 188, 249. form of conveyance of estate for life, ii, 120. Demi-vills, i, 115. effect of conveyance without words of lim- Democracy, i, 49. itation, ii, 107, 108, n., 120, n. Demolishing churches, houses, &c., iv, 143. implication of cross-remainders, ii, 381, Demurrer, iii, 314. formal parts of, ii, 298. joinder in, iii, 315. premises, id. to evidence, iii, 372. habendum, ii, 298. how decided, iii, 323. tenendum, id. in equity, iii, 446. reddendum, ii, 299. by the parol, iii, 430. condition, ii, 299. to indictment, iv, 333. warranty, ii, 300. Demurrer book, iii, 317. covenants for title, &c., ii, 304. Denizen, i, 374; ii, 249, 293. conclusion, date, &c., id. Deodands, i, 300, 302; iii, 259. must be read on request, id. De otio et atia, writ of, iii, 128. signing and sealing, ii, 305. Departure in pleading, iii, 310. statute of frauds, ii, 306. De populatio agrorum, iv, 374. execution while incomplete, ii, 307. Depositions, iii, 383. delivery, ii, 306. against prisoners, iv, 296. escrow, id. in equity, iii, 449. attestation, ii, 307. in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 100. stamps on, ii, 297. Deprivation of clerks, i, 393. defeasance to, ii, 327. De proprietate probanda, iii, 148. how avoided, ii, 308. Dereliction of property, ii, 9. erasure or alteration of, id. title to new land left by the sea, ii, 261. breaking the seal, cancellation, id. Descender, formedon in, iii, 192. disclaimer, ii, 309. Descent of the crown collateral, i,193 ; iv, 413. avoiding by judgment or decree, id. hereditary, but subject to limitation by par- right to custody of, ii, 428. liament, i, 194. presumption of a lost deed, ii, 266, n. of lands, iv, 413, 421. stealing of, iv, 324. title by, ii, 200 et seq. forging of, iv, 248. feudal, origin of, ii, 56. Deer in a park are heir-looms, ii, 427. distinguished from purchase and escheat, ii, Deer stealing, iv, 235, 239. 201. hunting, killing, &c., in general, iv, 174. different kinds of, ii, 202. in disguise, iv, 144. in borough English and gavel-kind, ii, 83, Default, judgment by, iii, 296, 395. 84. Defeasance, ii, 327, 342. no lineal ascent, ii, 210. See 240, n. Defectum, challenge propter, iii, 362; iv, 352. males preferred to females, ii, 212. Defence, its legal signification, iii, 296. primogeniture, ii, 56, 214. by counsel in criminal cases, iii, 355. consanguinity and degrees, ii, 202, 207, n., Defensive allegation, iii, 100. and 224. 584 INDEX.

Descent, collateral consanguinity, ii, 204. Diocese, i, 111. heirs apparent and presumptive, ii, 208. Direct prerogatives, i, 239. canons of descent, ii, 208, et seq. Directory part of a law, i, 55. lineal descent to issue of person last seised, Disabilities, iv, 877. ii, 208. to purchase and convey, ii, 291. partible descent among daughters, ii, 214. of Roman catholics, relief from, i, 868, n. descent of title of honor to daughter, ii, 216. plea to, iii, 301. ancient partible descent in socage, ii, 215. Disabling a man's limbs or members, iv, 205- representation, ii, 216, 219. 207. collateral heir, ii, 220, 224. Disabling statutes, ii, 320; iv, 432. fiction of feudum novum, bld aut antiquum, Disclaimer of tenure, ii, 275; iii, 233. ii, 221. of estate, ii, 309. effect of union of legal and equitable titles, Discontinuance of suit, iii, 296 ii, 222, n. of estate, iii, 171. different heirs to the same person in respect Discovery on oath, iii, 382, 437. of different estates, id. of accomplices, iv, 330, 831. immediate descent between brothers and sis- by bankrupt, ii, 483. ters, ii, 226, 250. Discretion of judges, iii, 483. half blood, ii, 227, 233, 240. Discretionary fines and imprisonment, iv, possessio patris, ii, 228, 378. preference of male stocks, ii, 234, 240, n. Disfiguring, iv, 207. rules of descent, subsequent to the year 1833, Disguise, offences in, iv, 144. ii, 240, n. Dismembering, punishment by, iv, 377. lineal ascent, id. Dismission of bill, iii, 4,51. through an alien, ii, 226, n., 250, 251. Disorderly houses, iv, 167. corruption of blood, ii, 251, 253. persons, iv, 169. escheat, ii, 244. Disparagement, ii, 70. (See "Escheat.") Dispensing power of the king, i, 142, 186, 342; modes of failure of hereditary blood, ii, 246. iv, 436, 460. changing the stock of descent, ii, 240, n. Dispensation from the pope, iv, 115. effect of partition on, ii, 191. Dispossession, iii, 167, 198. of equity changed by merger in legal estates Dissection of murderers, iv, 202, 377, 453. ii, 837, n. Disseisin, ii, 195, 302; iii, 169. change of by recovery, ii, 362. at election, iii, 170. when heir takes by purchase, ii, 240, n. warranty commencing by, ii, 302. may toll right of entry, iii, 176. writ of entry, sur, iii, 183. of , admittance of heir, ii, 371. release of right, ii, 325. rules followed in equity, iii, 430. Dissenters, protestant, iv, 50. Desertion of children, i, 458. disturbing worship of, iv, 54. by soldiers, i, 416; iv, 102. Dissolution of parliament, i, 187. Description of property, construction of par- Dissuading witnesses, offence of, iv, 126. ticular words, ii, 19. Distrainers, must find a proper pound, iii, 13, n. Detainer, forcible, iii, 179: iv, 148. Distress, remedy by, ii, 41, 42, 43, 452; iii, 5. unlawful, iii, 151. for what it may be made, iii, 6. Determinable fee, ii, 109. must be an actual demise at a fixed rent, id. (See "Estate.") what may be distrained, iii, 6. Determination of will, ii, 146. exemptions from, iii, 7. Detinet, action of debt in the, iii, 156. for benefit of trade, iii, 7, n. Detinue, action of, when it may be brought, goods in custody of the law, ifi, 9, n. iii, 152. when goods or cattle of a stranger may be execution, iii, 413. distrained, iii, 8. Devastation, ii, 508. fixtures cannot be taken, iii, 9. Devises, ii, 373; iv, 430. of emblements, ii, 123, n., 404. (See "Wills.") when corn may be taken, iii, 9. executory, ii, 172. when implements of trade may be taken, title by, in general, ii, 878. iii, 9, n. by married woman, ii, 375, n. formerly looked upon as a mere pledge, revocation of, ii, 376. iii, 9. Die eat sine, iii, 816, 899. must be made by day, iii, 10. Diet, excess in, iv, 171. unless in case of damage feasant, id. Diets, i, 147. may be made within six months after deter- Digests, i, 81. mination of lease, id. Dignity of the king, i, 241. goods clandestinely carried off premises Dignities, ii, 37, 91. may be taken, stat. 8 Ann. c. 14, iii, 10 descent of, ii, 216. and n. curtesy of, ii, 126, n. cannot be made twice, iii, 11. Dilapidations, remedy for, iii, 91. must not be excessive, id. Dilatory pleas, iii, 301. remedy for excessive, id. within what time to be pleaded, iii, 801, n. how to be disposed of, iii, 12. Diminishing the coin, iv, 90. impounding, id. Diminution of record, iv, 390. sale of, iii, 13. VOL. II.- 74 INDEX.

Distress, party distraining not to be deemed Drunkenness, how far it excuses crime, iv, 25. trespasser ab initio, iii, 13. punishment fbr, &c., iv, 64. remedy by, for subtraction, iii, 231. will made during, ii, 497 and n. illegal for crown debts, iv, 423. Duchy court of Lancaster, iii, 78. irregularity in, does not make the landlord a Ducking-stool, iv, 167, 377. trespasser ab initio, iii, 213. Due process of law, what is, i, 135, n. infinite, iii, 231, 280; iv, 285, 318. Duelling, iii, 337, 351 ; iv, 145, 185, 199. Distribution of intestate's effects, ii, 315; iv, Dukes, 1,397, 409. 408, 424, 439. Dumb and deaf persons, trial of, iv, 324. law of domicile, ii, 887, n. wills by, ii, 497. District of Columbia, i, 112, n. Dum fuit infra etatem, writ of, iii, 183. Distringas, iii, 280. Dum non compos mentis, writ of, id. now abolished, iii, 280, n. Duodecima manus, iii, 343. in detinue, iii, 413. Duplex querela, iii, 246. in equity, iii, 445. Duplicates, iii, 310. Disturbance, iii, 236. Duplicity in pleading, iii, 308, 311. of common, iii, 237. Duress of imprisonment, i, 131, 136. of franchises, iii, 236. per minas, i, 131. of patronage, iii, 292. wills made under, ii, 497. of tenure, id. conveyance by person under, ii, 292. of ways, iii, 241. of testator, ii, 497. Disturbance of religious assemblies, iv, 54 and n. Durham, county palatine of, i, 117, 118. Disturber, ii, 278. now united to the crown, iii, 79, n. Diversity of person, plea of, iv. 396. Duties of persons, i, 123. Dividend warrants, forgery of, iv, 248, 250. of the king, i, 233. Dividend on bankruptcy, ii, 487. Duty, origin of, ii, 8, n. Divine law, i, 42. action for breach or neglect of, iii, 164. offences against, iv, 250. Dwelling-house, what is, iv, 224 and n. right of bishops, iv, 436. breaking in, burglary, iv, 226. of kings, i, 191. to make distress, iii, 11, n. Divine service, tenure by, ii, 102. to make arrest, iii, 288. Divorce, i, 440; iii, 94. dower lost by, ii, 130, n. Ealdormen, i, 398. court of, iii, 67, n., 95, n. Ear, loss of, iv, 146, 157, 160, 206, 248, 377. Dock, stealing from, iv, 240. Earl, i, 166, 398. Docket of judgment, ii, 511 ; iii, 397. Earl marshal, his court, iii, 68; iv, 267. Doctrines, illegal, asserting or publishing, iv, Earnest, ii, 447. 91, 116, 123. Easements, distinguished from rights of com- Dogs, property in, ii, 393. mon, &c., ii, 32, n. right to keep, ii, 416. description and classification of, ii, 36, n. damage by, iii, 153. how gained and transferred, ii, 36, 266, n. stealing, iv, 236. peculiarity of right to light and air, ii, 266, Dome-book of Alfred, i, 64, 66, 114; iv, 411. n., 402. Domesday-book, ii, 49, n., 99; iii, 331. right of way, by grant, by prescription, by Domicile, regulates succession to personalty, necessity, ii, 35. ii, 387, n. abandonment of, ii, 264, n. (See "Dwelling House.") Eat inde sine die, iii, 316, 399. Dominions, foreign, i, 110. Eaves-droppers, iv, 168. Donatio mortis causa, ii, 514. Ecclesiastical matters. Double plea, iii, 308. (See "Advowson," "Simony." Dowager, queen, i, 224; iv, 81. Ecclesiastical courts, separation of, from the princess, iv, 81. civil, iii, 62 ; iv, 415, 421. Dower, title by, in general, iv, 424. what injuries are cognizable by, iii, 87. estate in, its origin, nature and incidents, ii, have no jurisdiction to try the right to 129 et seq. tithes, iii, 88. how barred, ii, 136 et seq. method of proceeding in, iii, 98. of wife of heir, who died without having jurisdiction, how limited at present, iii, 67, n. been seized, ii, 209, n. societies in America, i, 376, n. of a trust, ii, 127, 132, n. corporations, i, 470. of wife of felon, ii, 253. when separated from civil, iv, 415, 421. how prevented, ii, 136. Ecclesiastical persons, residence of, ii, 322. jointure in lieu of, ii, 137. leases and renewals by, ii, 318 et seq. unde nihil habet, writ of, iii, 182. Edgar, King, his laws, i, 66; iv, 412. writ of right of, id. Education of children, i, 450. writ of admeasurement of, id. Edward the Confessor, his laws, i, 66, 67, n., Draft for money, ii, 467. iv, 412, 420. forgery of, iv, 248. Egyptians, iv, 126. Dramatic piece, right to represent, ii, 407, n. Ejectione firm.e, writ of, iii, 197. Drawbacks, i, 315. Ejectment, action of, iv, 441. Drawing to the gallows, iv, 92, 337. now the only mode of trying title of lands, Druids, their customs, i, 63; iv, 408. iii, 197, n. INDEX.

Ejectment, when it lies, iMi,199. Emblements, rights of devisee and heir re- introduction of judgment to recover the spectively, ii, 122. term, and writ of possession, iii, 200. rights of incumbents, executors, &c., ii, 123. how applied to the use of trying the title to rights of sub-lessees, ii, 123. land, iii, 201. Emboweling alive, iv, 92, 377. notice to be given. to the tenant in posses- , iv, 140. sion, id. Eminent domain, i, 139, n; ii, 35, n. reular method of bringing an action of, Emperor, his authority, i, 242. ii, 202. Empson and Dudley, iv, 310. invention of new method of trying titles Enabling statute, ii, 819. by, id. Enciente, capacity of child of which woman notice to tenant in possession, iii, 203. is, i, 130; ii, 169. tenant may defend, id. jury to determine whether woman is, iii, landlord may be made defendant, iii, 204. 362; iv, 395. tenant must confess, lease, entry and ouster, Enclosure, disseisin by, iii, 170. iii, 203. of common, ii, 34. must specify in the rule of court the premises Enclosure acts, ii, 34, n. for which he intends to defend, iii, 204, n. Encroachment by a sea or river, ii, 261 if lease, entry and ouster not confessed at Endowment of vicarages, i, 387. the trial, plaintiff must be non-suited, Enemies, i, 257, 373, n. iii, 204. adhering to, offence of, iv. 82. consequence thereof, id. Enemy, prize of goods of, ii, 401. question may be retried, id. contract with, id. when a court of equity will interfere to pre- right to bring suit suspended during war, ii vent it, id. 401, n. will not lie for incorporeal hereditaments, captives, ii, 402. except tithes, iii, 206. Enfranchisement of , ii, 94 remedy where rent is in arrear, id. of slaves, i, 423, n., 425, n. Election of bishops, i, 377; iv, 115, 421. of copyhold, ii, 150. by corporations, i, 478, n. England, countries subject to, i, 93. of magistrates, i, 340; iv, 413, 427. classification of laws of, i, 63. of members of parliament, i, 170, 177. parliament of, i, 146. of Scotch peers, i, 169 ; iv, 416. king of, i, 190. of Irish peers, i, 104, n. people of, i, 366. of widow between devise and dower, ii, civil divisions of, i, 113. 138, n. ecclesiastical divisions, i, 110. of remedy in case of nuisance, iii, 220 and n. Engleschire, iv, 195. Elective monarchy, iv, 413. English courts, delays in, as compared with Electors in boroughs, i, 172, n courts of civil law, iii, 424. in counties, i, 172, n. enumeration of. privilege of, from arrest, iii, 289, n. (See "Courts.") Eleemosynary corporations, i, 471. for trial of criminal causes, iv. 259, et seq. Elegit, ii, 161. (See "Judgment.") , proceedings in, iii, 322 ; iv, 441. variety of, iii, 265. ouster of estate held by, iii, 198. causes of intricacy of, iii, 266. writ of, iii, 417; iv, 426. vindicated, iii, 327. when capias ad satisfaciendum may issue English language, pleadings required to be in, after, iii, 419. iii, 317. Elisors, i, 349; iii, 355. proceedings ordered to be in, except techni- Elopement, i, 442. cal words, iii, 322. Ely, Isle of, i, 120. Engravings, copyright in, ii, 407. county of, now abolished, iii, 79, n. Engrossing, offence of, iv, 160. destroying powdikes in, iv, 244. Enlarger 1estate, ii, 324. Emancipation of slaves, i, 423, n., 425, n. Enlarging statutes, i, 87. of children, i, 453, n. Enquiry, writ of, iii, 398. Embargo, i, 270. Enrollment of annuity, ii, 461. Embezzlement of the king's stores, &c., iv, 101. of bargain and sale, ii, 338. by clerks or servants, iv, 231. Entails, ii, 112; iv. 427, 431. by servants of persons deceased, iv, 231. of personalty, ii, 398. by bankrupts, iv, 156. (See "Estate.") by persons in the public service, iv, 122. Entry, ii 312; iii, 5, 174. by persons employed in the post-office, iv, when may be made, iii, 175. 235 and n. within what time must be made, iii, 179, n. Emblements, right to, ii, 403. could not formerly be made after alienation o to the executor, id. by tenant in tail, iii, 178. istress of, ii, 404. nor upon deforcement, iii, 178. of tenant for life, ii, 122, tolled by descent, iii, 176, 177. of tenant for years, ii, 145. a speedy remedy in Saxon times, iii, 183. of tenant at will, ii, 146. forcible, iv, 148. what are emblements, ii, 143. in burglary, iv, 226 and n. Equity, history of, iii, 49, 430. INDEX.

Equity, courts of, i, 62, 92. Escheat, i, 302; ii, 11, 72, 89, 241; iv, 388, distinguished from law, iii, 436, 442. 413, 418. jurisdiction of exchequer, iii, 44, 426. distinguished from purchase and descent, origin of its jurisdiction, iii, 436, 442. ii, 201. full developement of, iii, 440. where there is a trust, ii, 246, n. former jealousy of, id. none when corporation becomes extinct, character of, in its infancy, iii, 433. ii, 256. sometimes makes merely technical distinc- of gavelkind lands, ii, 84. tions, iii, 482. writ of, iii, 194. foundation of jurisdiction of, iii, 434, 442. whether inquest of office necessary, i, 372, n. when it follows rules of law, iii, 429, 430, Escrow, ii, 307. 434, 441. Escuage, ii, 74; iv, 422. general nature of, iii, 429. , i, 406. cannot alter the common law, id. son of, entitled to kill game, when, iv, 175. concurrent jurisdiction, when exercised, Essoign day, iii, 277. iii, 431. Estates in personalty, ii, 898. sends some matters to law, iii, 431. conditional limitations, conditions and re- bound by precedents, iii, 432. mainders, ii, 169 et seq. cognizance of , iii, 430. in remainder, ii, 168. relieves against accident and mistake, iii, 431. (See "Remainder.") remedies defective assurances in some cases, rules as to limitations by way of remainder, iii, 431. executory devise and springing uses, ii, interferes in whose favor, iii, 431, n. 165 et seq. proceedings in courts of, iii, 425, 442 et seq. freehold to commence in futuro, ii, 144, 165. jurisdiction in bankruptcy, iii, 428. alienation of, ii, 287 et seq., 290, n. jurisdiction over charities, iii, 427. on condition, ii, 152 et seq. jurisdiction in case of infants, lunatics, &c. (See "Condition," " Mortgage.") iii, 426, 427. in severalty, ii, 179. favors creditor's children, &c., iii, 481, n. in joint tenancy, ii, 179 et seq., 192. remedy in case of bonds, mortgages, &c., iii, lease by joint tenants, ii 102. 434, 439. severance of jointure, ii, 185. jurisdiction to enforce agreements, iii, crown cannot hold chattel in, ii, 409. 435, 438. in coparcenary, ii, 187 et seq. relief against penalties in, iii, 435. partition of, ii, 189. regards foreign law, when, iii, 436. in common, ii, 191. enforcing discovery by, iii, 437. adverse possession by tenant, ii, 194, n. mode of proof in, iii, 437, 438. good faith required of tenants, ii, 194, n. jurisdiction in cases of fraud, iii, 487, 489. possession by tenants, ii, 194. mode of trial in, iii, 438. repairs by, ii, 194, n. examination of witnesses, id. disclaimer of, ii, 809. jurisdiction to perpetuate testimony, iii, forfeiture of, ii, 274. 438, 450. division of, ii, 168. mode of relief, specific performance, iii, 438. a freehold or a chattel, ii, 16. administration of assets by, iii, 439. in fee simple, ii, 104. jurisdiction over loans and securities, id. in demesne, ii, 105. jurisdiction over trusts, iii, 431, 439. abeyance of the freehold, ii, 107. proceedings in, iii, 442 et seq. rule in Shelley's Case, ii, 172, n., 242. (See "Pleading ;" "Practice.") in fee in annuity, ii, 41. right of parol to demur, iii, 430. fees simple, conditional and determinable time given to infants by, iii, 430, n. distinguished, ii, 109, 110. of statute, i, 61, 62, n.; iii, 431. base fee, ii, 109. reserved, iii, 453. fee tail in personalty, ii, 398; iii, 113. Equity of redemption, ii, 159. in lands, ii, 110 et seq. Erasure in deed, effect of, ii, 308, n. in annuity, ii, 41, 112. Eriach, iv, 813. quasi in tail, iii, 113. Error, writ of, iii, 406 ; iv, 391. incidents to, ii, 115. where prosecuted, iv, 391. destruction of entail, ii, 116, 348, 354, n., 364. differences between appeals and writs of, in copyholds, how barred, ii, 871. iii, 56. forfeiture of entail, ii, 117. bail by plaintiff in, iii, 411. liable for debts to the crown or of a bank- costs in, iii, 399, 410. rupt, ii, 119. in equity, iii, 454. may be appointed to a charity, ii, 119. in lunacy, iii, 427. cannot merge, ii, 177. Escape, iii, 290, 415. leases of, ii, 319. upon mesne process, action on the case for, after possibility, &c., ii, 124. iii, 165. in term for years, ii, 398. after judgment, action of debt for, id. frankmarriage, ii, 115. sheriff liable for, iii, 415. not of inheritance, ii, 120. voluntary, prisoner cannot be taken after, id. indefinite grant passes estate for life of negligent, when sheriff excused for, id. grantee, when, ii, 121. assisting in, iv, 131. for life determinable, ii, 121. INDEX.

Estate, joint life, ii, 121. Evidence, preservation of, iii, 438, 450. civil death, id. on an appeal, iii, 455. estovers, emblements, &c., ii, 122. of foreign law, iii, 436. apportionment of rent, ii, 124. must be relevant to issue, iii, 367. by the curtesy, ii, 126. deeds not stamped, ii, 297. (See "Curtesy.") in criminal cases, iv, 356. in dower, ii,129. recognizance to give, iv, 296, n. (See "Dower.") stifling, offence of, iv, 308. pour autre vie, occupancy of, ii, 258. Examination of prisoners, iv, 296 ana n. in case of copyhold, ii, 260. in equity, iii, 449. in incorporeal hereditaments, id. of witnesses, iii, 372. is assets, ii, 260. trial by, iii, 331. entail of, ii, 113, 260. Exception, distinguished from a reservation, compelling appearance of tenant for life, ii, 299. ii, 177. Exceptions, till of, iii, 372. less than freehold, ii, 140 et 8eq. to answer in equity, iii, 448. for years, ii, 140, 386. Exchange, ii, 323. goes to executor, ii, 431. implied warranty and right of re-entry in origin of, ii, 141. case of, id. requisites to lease, ii, 143. of chattels, ii, 446. (See "Lease.") bills of, iii, 466. may commence in futuro, ii, 143. Exchequer chamber, iii, 56 and n. inter esse termini, ii, 144. Exchequer, court of, set up by William the entail of term, ii, 398. Conqueror, iii, 44. from year to year, ii,144, n., 147. why so called, id. arising out of parol lease, ii, 147. common-law court of, its jurisdiction, iii, 45. tenancy under mortgagee, ii, 150, n. equity court of, its jurisdiction, iii, 44, 426, estovers and emblements, ii, 144, 145. 427. particular estate, remainder and reversion, equity jurisdiction transferred to lord chan- ii, 176. cellor, iii, 45, n. executory bequest of term, ii, 175, n. writs of error to exchequer chamber, iii, notice to quit, i, 146, n. 46, n. tenant holding over, ii, 160. Excise, i, 288, 319, 322. forcible ejectment, ii, 151. Exclusion bill, i, 210. under lease and assignment, ii, 327, n Excommunication, greater and lesser, iii, 101. merger, ii, 177. consequences of, iii, 102. by statute and elegit, ii, 160. discontinued except as a spiritual censure, (See "Judgment.") iii, 101, n. at will, ii, 145. Excusable homicide, iv, 182. emblements, in case of, ii, 146. Execution, iii, 412, 279. determination of the will, id. in real or mixed actions, iil, 412. copyholders, ii, 147. in other cases, id. (See" Copyholds.") what may be taken in, iii, 417. cannot support a remainder, ii, 165. from what time goods bound by, iii, 421. at sufferance, ii, 150. when to be sued out, id. Estates of the kingdom, i, 156. by elegit, ii, 161. Estoppel, iii, 307. certificate of judge for immediate, iii, 394. by possession, from disputing title, ii, 144, n. sale of goods after, ii, 447. by record, ii, 465, n. priority of conflicting executions, ii, 447, n. by fine, ii, 354, n. criminal, iv, 403. by recovery, ii, 361. award of, iv, 263, 452. by deed, ii, 295, 808. plea in bar of, iv, 896. Estovers, common of, ii, 35. precept of, iv, 403. tenant's right to, ii, 35, n. rule for, iv, 404. of tenant for life, ii, 122. varying from judgment, iv, 179, 404. of tenant for years, ii, 144. of devises, i, 376. of a wife, i, 441. of uses, ii, 333. Estoveris habendis, writ de, 1, 441. Executive power, i, 190, 250. Estrays, i, 297. Executors and administrators, history of right title of crown to, ii, 409. to administer, ii, 491. Estreat of recognizance, &c., iv, 253. appointment of executor, ii, 503. Estrepement, writs of, iii, 224. infant executor, id. Evidence, written, iii, 367. appointment of administrators, ii, 504. must be the best, nature of case will admit administration durante minoritate, ii, 503. of, iii, 368. administration cum testamento annexo, ii, meaning of this rule, iii, 368, n. 503. privileged communications, ill,368, n. de bonis non, ii, 506. hearsay, when admissible, iii, 368. durante absentia, ii, 503. demurrer to, iii, 372. husband's right to on wife's estate, ii, 435. in equity, iii, 437, 438, 447, 449. where there are no relations, ii, 505. of witnesses abroad, iii, 438. executor of executor, &c., ii, 506. INDEX.

Executors, duties of executor of, ii, 507 et eq. False personation of bail, iv, 128. acts before probate, ii, 507. of soldiers, seamen, &c., iv, 250. executor de son , id. False pretences, offence of, iv, 158. probate of will, ii, 508. False return, action for, iii, 110. burial of deceased, id. False rumors, when indictable, iv, 149. iuventory, ii, 510. False verdict, iii, 402; iv, 140. collecting and converting assets, id. False weights and measures, iv, 157. payment of debts, in what order, ii, 511. Falsi crimen, iv, 89, 184, 156, 247. appointing debtor or creditor to be executor, Falsifying attainder, iv, 890 ii, 511, 512. coin, iv, 84, 88, 90, 98, 100, n. payment of legacies, ii, 512. judgment, iv, 390. abatement and refunding of legacies, i,512. records, iv, 128. right to residue, ii, 513. Fealty, i, 867; ii, 45, 58, 86, 176, 867. distribution among next of kin, &c., ii, 515 subtraction of, iii, 230. et seq. how remedied, iii, 281. distribution by custom, ii, 517. Fear, putting in, iv, 242. promise by, to pay debt of estate, iii, 158. of crime, security in case of, iv, 251. actions by, iii, 301 and n. Fee simple, ii, 104. may be sued on simple contract demands, tail, ii, 112. ii, 846 n. what words will pass a, ii, 108 n., 109, n. when liable to pay costs, iii, 400 and n. (See "Estate.") Executory devise, ii, 173, 334. Fee farm rent, ii, 48. contract, ii, 443. Fees, ecclesiastical, must not be contrary to estate, ii, 163. common law, iii, 89. remainder, ii, 169. action to recover back from barrister will Exigent, writ of, iii, 283; iv, 319. not lie, id. Exigi facias, writ of, iii, 283; iv, 319. counsel cannot maintain action for, iii, 28. Exile, i, 137. physician cannot recover, iii, 28, n. of offenders, &c, iv, 862. Feigned issue, iii, 452. Ex officio informations, iii, 427; iv, 808. Felo de se, iv, 189 and n. Ex officio oath, iii, 100, 447. forfeiture of goods of, ii, 409, 499. Ex parte remedies, iii, 1 et seq., 15, n. Felon cannot make will, ii, 499. Expatriation, right of, i, 369, 870 and n. who is, iv, 94. Expectancy, estates in, ii, 163. Felonious homicide, iv, 188. Expenses of prosecution, iv, 362 and n. (See "," ".") of witnesses, iii, 369; iv, 862 and n. Felony, definition of, iv, 94. Exportation of wool, &c., iv, 154, 428. appeal of, iv, 810. Exposing person, offence of, iv, 65. compounding, iv, 134. goods for sale on Sunday, iv, 64. misprision of, iv, 121. infected persons, iv, 161. punishment of, iv, 98, 216, 222. Ex post facto laws, i, 46. forfeiture by, ii, 284, 409, 499. cannot be passed in America, i, 46, n. conveyance to felon, ii, 290. constitutional meaning of the term, id. Females, discrimination against, i, 445, n. Express malice, iv, 198. punishment of, for treason, iv, 93. condition, ii, 154. as reigning monarchs, i, 215. contract, ii, 443; iii, 154. petty treason by, iv, 75, 203. warranty, ii, 801. stea ing or seduction of, iv, 209. Extendi facias, iii, 420. jury of, it, 862; iv, 895. Extent, when issued, iii, 420. Feme covert, i, 442. Extinguishment of right, ii, 825. (See "Dower," "Husband and Wife.") Extortion by officers, iv, 141. Feoffment, ii, 310 et seq. or blackmail, iv, 244. livery of seisin, ii, 311 et seq., 815. Extra judicial remedy does not exclude ordi- Feorme, ii, 318. nary course of justice, iii, 22. Fern naturn, animals, ii, 389, 408. Extra parochial places, i, 114. Fern, setting fire to, iv, 246, n., 247. Extra parochial tithes, i, 284. Ferry near ancient ferry a nuisance, iii, 218. Extravagantes Joannis, i, 82. Fetters, iv, 300, 822. Eye, putting out, iv, 206, 207. Feudal actions, iii, 117. Eyre, justices in, iii, 58, 72; iv, 422, 423. Feudal system, history of, ii, 44 et seq., 52, n. killing of, iv, 84. iv, 413, 418. services due to the lord, ii, 54. Facto, king de, i, 204, 371 ; iv, 77. oath of fealty, ii, 58. Factor, i, 427; iii, 437. , ii, 54. goods in hands of, not distrainable, 8, n. feuds not hereditary at first, ii, 55. Fair, ii, 88; iii, 218. reliefs, ii, 56, 87. who appoints, i, 274. descent, ii, 56. nuisance to, iii, 218. restraints on alienation, ii, 57. False imprisonment, what constitutes, iii, 127; feuds, proper and improper, ii, 58. iv, 218. all lands held of the crown, ii, 51. action of, iii, 138. gradual relaxation, ii, 52. False judgment, writ of, iii, 84, 406. Feudum antiquum, ii, 212, 221. INDEX.

Feudum novum held ut antiquum, ii, 52, n., Foreclosure of mortgage, ii, 159 and n. 221. Foreign bills, ii, 467. Fictions, legal, beneficial and useful, iii, 43,107. Foreign coin, forging, iv, 89, 99, 100, n., 120. in fictione juris, consistit waquitas, iii, 283. Foreign country, indictment in, iv, 303, 305 Fictitious plaintiff, iv, 134. and n. bail, iii, 291. Foreign documents, forgery of, iv, 250 and n. Fidel Commissum, ii, 327. Foreign dominions, i, 110. Fide jussors, iii, 108, 291. Foreign law, when regarded and on what evi- , ii, 45. dence, iii, 436. Fieri facias, iii, 416, 417. succession, regulated by law of domicil, ii, Fifteenths, i, 309. 387, n. Fighting, offence of, iv, 183. Foreign prince, pension from, iv, 122. Filial portion, ii, 519. Foreign service, iv, 100. Final judgment, iii, 898. Forest laws, ii, 38, 416, 419; iii, 73; iv, 415, decree, iii, 452. 420, 421. Finding indictments, iv, 805. Forest courts, iii, 71. Finding of goods, i, 295; ii, 9, 402. Foresta, carta de, iv, 423. Fine for alienation, ii, 71, 89. Forests, i, 289; ii, 14, 38. for endowment, ii, 135. Forestalling, iv, 159. for copyholds, ii, 98. Foretooth, striking out, iv, 206. Fine of lands, ii, 118, 348, 352; iii, 156, 166; Forfeiture, i, 299. iv, 426, 429. title by, ii, 153, 267; iii, 160; iv, 381, 886. bar by non-claim, ii, 354, 356. for crimes and misdemeanors, ii, 267, 409, how it affects parties, privies and strangers, 420, 421 ; iv, 377, 381, 386, 423, 424. ii, 358. of estate tail for treason, ii, 117; iv, 381. bar of feme covert, ii, 355. for alienation in mortmain, ii, 268. deeds to declare uses of, ii, 363. for alienation to an alien, ii, 274. now abolished, ii, 364, n. by tortious alienation, id. Fines and forfeitures, when grantable, iii, 259; by disclaimer, ii, 275. iv, 379. on lapse of presentation, ii, 276. for misdemeanors, iv, 877, 878. by simony, ii, 278. are debts, iii, 159. by breach of condition, ii, 281. Finger, disabling, iv, 206. for waste, id. Fire, negligence of, i, 431; iv, 222. of copyholds by breach of custom, ii, 284. (See "Arson," "Burning.") by bankruptcy, ii, 285. liability of tenant for accidental, ii, 281. relief from, in equity, iii, 435. Fire-bote, ii, 35. equity will not aid, Fire ordeal, iv, 342. Forfeitures are debts, iii, 159. First fruits, i, 284; ii, 66; iv, 107. Forgery, what is, iv, 247. Fish, royal, i, 223, 290 ; ii, 403. what instruments the subjects of, iv, 248, in a pond are heir looms, ii, 427. 249, 250 and n. stealing, iv, 236. of parish registers, iv, 163. Fishery, ii, 39, 40, 417; iv, 424. forged indorsement of bill, ii, 450, n. common of, ii, 34. Forgiveness by prosecutor, iv, 364. right of, in public waters, ii, 34 Forma pauperis, suit in, iii, 400. Fish pond, destroying, iv, 246. Formedon, action of, iii, 191. Fitzherbert, i, 72; iii, 183. Forms of law, unalterable except by parlia- Fixtures, when removable, ii, 281, n. ment, i, 142. cannot be distrained, iii, 9. of action, iii, 116. stealing or ripping from building, &c., iv, Fornication, iv, 64. 233. Forts and castles, i, 263. Fleet prison, iii, 444. Fortune tellers, iv, 62. Fleets, i, 262; iv, 419. Forty days' court, iii, 71. Fleta, i, 72; iv, 427. Founder of a corporation, who is, i, 480. Flight, confession by, iv, 387. Foundling hospitals, i, 131. Floodgates, destroyng, iv, 144, 245. Fraction of a day, ii, 141, n. Flotsam, i, 293; iii, 106. Frames, breaking of, &c., iv, 247. FolkIand, ii, 90. Franchise, royal, i, 302. Food, offence of selling short weight, &c., iv, Franchises, ii, 37, 40, n. 158. disturbance of, iii, 236. forestalling, regrating, &c., iv, 159. usurpation of, iii, 262. supplying unwholesome, iv, 162. allowance of, iii, 263. stinting apprentices in, iv, 197. (See "Corporations.") implied warranty in sale of, ii, 451, n. Frankalmoign, ii, 77, 101. Force, when repellable by death, iv, 181. Franking letters, i, 323, n. injuries with and without, iii, 118. Frankmarriage, ii, 115, 190. Forcible abduction and marriage, iv, 208 Frank-pledge, i, 114; iv, 252. and n. view of, iv, 273. entries, remedies for, iii, 179. Frank tenement, ii, 61, 104. entry and detainer, iii, 179; iv, 148. (See "Tenures.") resumption of possession, iii, 5, n., 179. Fraud, jurisdiction in case of, iii, 431,437, 489, ejectment, ii, 151, n. 442. 591 INDEX.

Fraud, criminal, iv, 158. Gifts of land, ii, 316. vitiates contracts, ii, 444, n. of chattels, ii, 440. Frauds and perjuries, statute of, ii, 297, 306, Gilda mercatoria, i, 473. 364, 376, 448, 466, 500, 515; iii, 158; iv, Girl, abduction of, iv, 209. 439. carnally abusing, iv, 212. parol leases, when valid, ii, 297. Glanvil, i, 72, 421. as to contracts, ii, 442. Gleaning, illegal, iii, 213, n., 312. trusts, ii, 337. God and religion, offences against, iv, 43 to declaration of uses of fines, &c., ii, 363, 364. 65, 402. execution of wills, ii, 376. Good behavior, security for, iv, 251, 256. Fraudulent conveyances, &c., ii, 296, 441. Good consideration, ii, 297. devises, ii, 378; iii, 430. Goods and chattels, ii, 384. Free warren, ii, 38, 417. (See " Personalty.") Free-bench, ii, 122, 129, n. effect of condemnation of, in exchequer, iii, Free fishery, ii, 39, 410, 417. 262, n. when bound by execution, iii, 421. Free services, ii, 60. larceny of, Freehold, fixtures to,when removable, ii, 281, n. (See "Larceny.") (See "Estate.") customary freeholds, ii, 149. Gorse, setting fire to, iv, 246. Freeholders, judges of county courts, iii, 36. Government, origin and object of, i, 48. Fresh suit, i, 297. its forms, i, 49. Fruit trees, destroying or damaging, iv, 246 contempts against, iv, 123. and n. Grand assize, trial by, iii, 341, 350; iv, 422. Full age, i, 463. Grand coustumier of Normandy, i, 106. Fumage, i, 324. Grand juror disclosing evidence, iv, 126. Funds, public, i, 331. Grand jury, iii, 351, 402; iv, 302. Funeral expenses, ii, 508. Grand and petty larceny, iv, 229. Furandi animus, iv, 230, 232. Grand seijeanty, ii, 73, 77, 78. Furze, setting fire to, iv, 247. Grant, of hereditaments, ii, 817. Futuro, freehold in, ii, 144, 166. construction of, 379 et seq. presumption of a lost grant, ii, 266, n. Gage, estates in, iii, 157. of chattels, ii, 440. and pledges, iii, 280. by the crown, ii, 346. Game, property in, ii, 14, 394, 410, et seq. Great council, i, 147. laws respecting, ii, 410 et seq.; iv, 175, n., Great seal, ii, 346; iii, 47. 217, n. counterfeiting it, iv, 83, 93. of free warren, ii, 39. Great tithes, i, 388. beasts of park or chase, ii, 38. Green-house, robbery of, iv, 233. shooting person in pursuit of, iv, 27, n., 174. Gregorian code, i, 81. trespass in pursuing, iii, 213, 214. Growing crops. Game-keeper, ii. 418; iv, 217, n. (See "Emblements.") Gaming, iv, 167, 170, 171. Guardian and ward, i, 460; iii, 141. (See "Wagers.") by appointment of the , i, Gaming-houses, iv, 171. 463. Gaol delivery, iv, 270. by custom, i, 462. Gaol distemper, i, 346. by election, i, 462, n. Gaols, i, 346; iv, 377. by nature, i, 461. Gaolers, i, 346; iv, 300. by statute, i, 462. compelling prisoners to be approvers, iv, 128. for nurture, i, 461. when guilty of murder in cruelty, iv, 197. in socage, id. Gardens, robbing of, iv, 233. of the poor, i, 361, n., 462, n. damaging trees in, iv, 247. of the royal family, i, 225,462, n. Garter, knight of the, i, 403. guardian s remedy if his ward be taken from Gavelkind, i, 74, 76, n., 79 ; ii, 84, 128, 220; him, iii, 140. iv, 409, 413. court of chancery is general guardian, iii, General demurrer, iii, 315. 426. General fund, i, 331. Guardian ad litem, i, 461, n.; iii, 427. General issue, why so called, iii, 305. Guardianship, in chivalry, i, 462; ii, 67; iii, when formerly pleaded, iii, 305; iv, 338. 140. what it is in the several actions, iii, 305. in socage, ii, 88. special plea amounting to, iii, 309. Guernsey, Isle of, i, 107. General occupancy, ii, 258. Guild or Guildhall, i, 474. General services, iv, 272. Gunpowder, exclusive patent for making or General statute, i, 85. importing, iv, 116. General verdict, iii, 378; iv, 354. keeping or carrying it illegally, iv, 168. General warrant, iv, 291. G ypsies, iv, 165. Generalissimo, i, 261. Gentlemen, i, 405, 406. Habeas copora juratorum, iii, 354. should know the laws, i, 7, 13, 36. Habeas corpus ad respondendum, iii, 129. Gibbon, commendation of Blackstone by, i, ad satisfaciendum, id. 37, n. ad prosequendum, testificandum, &c.,iii, 130. INDEX.

Habeas corpus, ad faciendum et recipien- Heriot service and heriot custom, ii, 422. dum, id. seizing, &c., iii, 14. when cause not to be removed by, id. Hermogenian ad subjiciendum, code, i, 81. iii, 131-134. High commission court, iii,67, 447; iv, 42,433, cum causa, iii, 77. 439. Habeas corpus act, i, 128, 135; iv, 438. High constable of England, i, 355; iv, 268. suspension of,i, 136. court of, iii, 68; iv, 267. passage of, iii, 135, n. High misdemeanors, iv, 121. subsequent extension of, iii, 137, n. impeachments for, iv, 259. substance and use of, id. (See "Impeacjiment.") Habendum, ii, 298. High steward of Great Britain, court of, iv, Habere facias possessionem, iii, 412. 261, Habere 348. facias seisinam, iii, 412. in parliament, iv, 260, 263. Habitation, offenses against, iv, 220. High steward of Oxford, court of, iv,277. (See "Arson," "Burglary," " Dwelling- High treason, iv, 75. house.") trials in, iv, 351, 440. Hackney coaches and chairs, i, 325. Highway, remedy when Hal-f-blood, out of repair, ii, 86, n. i, 70,194; ii, 233. how established ii, 35, n. Hame secken, iv, 223. annoyances in, iv, 167. Hamlets, i, 115. offence of not repairing, Hannaper id. office, iii, 49. robbery in or near, iv, 243. Hand, burning in, iv, 367, 369, 371, 377. nuisances to, iii, 5. disabling, iv, 206. Highways, surveyors of, i, 357, 358. holding up,iv, 323. Hiring, ii, 453. loss of, iv,125,154, 276,377. History of the law, iv, 407. Handsel, ii,448. Handwriting, Hogs, keeping of in towns, iv, 168. similitude of, iv, 358. Holding over by tenant, iii, 210. Hanging, iv, 376. penalty therefor, ii, 151 Hanover, i,110. ; iii, 211. Holidays, note not to be protested on, ii, 469, n. Harbors, injuries to, iv, 144. Homage, by bishops, Hard i, 284, 379; iv, 421. labor, punishment of, iv, 377. nature and varieties of, ii, Hares, 54, n., 300. stealing of, iv, 235. of a court-baron, ii, 91. Havens, i, 264. iege i,367. Hay bote, R, 35. simple, id. Hawks, stealing of, iv, 236. Homicide, iv,177. Head of the church, i, 279; iv, 430. when justifiable, iv,178, 179. Headborough, i, 114. in self-defence, iii, 3,n.; iv, 183. Health, protection of, i, 124. when excusable, iv, 182. offences against public, iv, 161. felonious, iv, 188. nuisances to, iii, 122. self-murder, Hearing iv, 189. in equity, iii, 451. manslaughter, iv, 191, 192. Hearsay evidence, iii, 368. murder, iv, 194 et seq. Hearth money, i, 326. Homine replegiando, writ de, iii, 129. Hedge-bote, ii, 35. Honor of peer, i, 402. Heir, apparent and presumptive, ii, 208. answer upon, iii, 446.. expectant, sale by, ii, 444. Honor, court of, iii, 104. when he takes by purchase, ii, 240, n. titles of, i, 271 ; ii, 37, 91, favor to, i, 450. 216; iv, 271. Honoris respectum, challenge propter, iii, 261; nemo est heres viventis, ii, 224. iv, 352. (See "Descent.") Hop-binds, destroying, iv, 246. Heiress, stealing of, iv, 208, 209, n. Horse races, iv, 173. Heir looms, ii, 17, 427 etseq. Horses, sale of, ii, 450. not devisable apart from freehold, ii, 429. ill treatment of, iv, 246. Heirs, when word necessary to create fee, ii, Hospitals, i, 471, 474. 107, 120, n. their visitors, i, 482. exceptions to this rule, ii, 108, n., 109, n. Hotchpot, ii, 190,515, Helping 517. to stolen goods for reward, iv, 132. Hot house, robbery of, iv, 233. Hengham, i,72; iii,409 ; iv, 427. House, is land, ii, 18. Henry I, his laws, iv, 420. grant of, ii, 18, n. Heptarchy, iv, 410. immunities of, iv, 223. Heralds' visitation books, evidence of pedigree, larceny from, iv, iii, 105. 240. entering to demand or pay money not a tres- Herbage, right to, ii, 34, 35, n. pass, Hereditament, iii, 212. what, ii, 17, 20,106. (See "Arson," "Burglary.") ejectment for, iii, 206. House-bote, ii, 35. Hereditary excise, i, 288, 319, 322. House duties, 1, 325. Hereditary right to the crown, i, 1912 209. House of commons, i, 158. Heresy, iv, 44. how elected, i, 175, 177. Heretico comburendo, writ de, iv, 46, 439. its peculiar laws, &c., i, Heretochs, i, 397, 408; 169. iv, 413. methods of proceeding in elections, i, 177, Heriots, ii, 97, 422. 181. VoL. 11.-75 INDEX.

House, its members should understand law, i, Impeachment of president of United States, 9,10. i, 246, n. House of lords, i, 155,158. Impediments of marriage, i, 434. its peculiar laws, &c., i, 167. Imperial chamber, iii, 39. writ of error to, from Ireland, iii, 410, n. Imperial constitutions, i, 80. appeal to, from chancery, iii, 56. Imperial crown and dignity, i, 241. its jurisdiction upon appeals and writs of Implements of trade, distress of, iii, 9. n. error, iii, 57, 427, 428. Implication, corporations by, i, 472, n. quorum of, iii, 56, n. Implied contracts, ii, 443; iii, 159. Hue and cry, iv, 293. condition, &c., ii, 152, 300, 381, 443. Hundred, i, 116. malice, iv, 200. action against for robbery, &c., iii, 160; iv, warranty, ii, 300. 246,293,411. Importing agnus del, crosses, &c., iv, 115. Hundred court, iii, 34, 35; iv, 411. counterfeit money, iv, 84, 89, 100, n. Hundredors, as jurors, iii, 359; iv, 352. Impossible condition, ii, 156. Hunger, does not excuse stealing, iv, 31. Impostures, religious, iv, 62. Hunting. Impotency, i, 434. (See "Game.") Impressment, i, 420. Husband and wife, i, 433; iii, 92 Imprisonment, i, 134, 136; iv, 244, 377, 426. joint estate of, ii, 182, n. beyond sea, i, 137; iv, 116. power of wife to convey, ii, 292, 361. 362. false, iii, 127; iv, 218. lease of wife's lands, ii, 319. relief from, iii, 130 et seq. will of feme, ii, 497. for debt, iii, 289, n. husband's power over wife's property, ii, Improper feuds, ii, 58. 483 et eq. Impropriations, i, 386. wife's title by survivorship, ii, 433. Improvements, patents for invention of, ii, wife's equity to a settlement, ii, 434, n. 407 and n. separate estate and restraint on anticipation, Incapacities, imposed as punishments, iv, 377. ii, 293, n., 434, n., 436, n. Incendiaries, iv, 220. wife's paraphernalia, ii, 435. Incest, iv, 64. husband's title by administration, ii, 435,504. Incidental prerogatives, i, 240 liability of husband on wife's contracts, ii, Inclosure of common, ii, 34; iii, 240. 445, n. destroying, iv, 247. liability of wife to be made bankrupt, ii Income tax, i, 314, n. 477, 488, n Incorporation, power of, i, 472, 474. restitution of conjugal rights, iii, 94. Incorporeal hereditaments, ii, 20, 36, n., 106. action by husband for battery of wife, iii, ejectment for, iii, 206. 140. Incorrigible roguery, iv, 169. how far wife's crime is excused, iv, 28. Incumbrances, covenant against, ii, App. surety of peace for, iv, 204. (See ":Mortgage.") (See "Curtesy, "Divorce," Dower.") Indecency, public offence of, iv, 65. Husband of the queen, i, 224. by vagrants, iv, 170, n. Hustings, court of, iii, 80. Indebitatus assumpsit, iii. 154. Hydages, i, 310. Indefeasible right to the throne, i, 195. Hypotheca. ii, 159. Indentures, ii, 295, 351. Hypothecation of ship, ii, 457. of apprenticeship, i, 426. bond, suit upon, iii, 117, n. Independence of the United States, i, 109, n., 366, n. Identity of person, iv, 396. India, government of, i, 109, n. Idiots, custody of lands of, i, 303, 307. misdemeanors in, iv, 305. their marriages, i, 438. Indicavit, writ of, iii, 91. who are, i, 303. Indictable, what is, iv, 218. cannot make wills, ii, 497. Indictment, form of, iv, 306. jurisdiction of chancellor, iii, 427. venue in, iv, 305. inspection of, iii, 332. copy of, iii, 126; iv, 351. cannot appear by attorney, iii, 125. locality of, iv, 303. conveyance by or to, iii, 127, 291. certainty required in, iv, 306 and n. Idiota inquirendo, writ de, i, 303. when sufficient after verdict, iv, 306, n., Idleness, iv, 169. 334, n. Ignominious punishments, iv, 377. Indorsement of bills and notes, ii, 467; iv, 441. Ignoramus, iv, 305. Induction to a benefice, i, 391; ii, 312; iv, 107. Ignorance, when it excuses crime, iv, 27. Industriam, property per, ii, 391. Illegality of deed, &c., ii, 156. Infamous witness, iii, 370. Imagining the king's death, iv, 76. Infancy, its incidents, i, 464, 466. Imbezzling king's stores, &c., iv, 101. Infants, contracts by, i, 465, 466, n. (See "Embezzlement.") in ventre sa mere, i, 129, 130, 463, n.; ii, 169 Immorality, public offence of, iv, 65. mortgagees, i, 465. Immoral work, &c., no copyright in, ii, 407, n. trustees, id. Imparlances, iii, 299, 301. who are, i, 463. Impeachment, in parliament, iv, 259. demurrer by parol and time to show cause not affected by session terminating, i, 186, n. iii, 430. INDEX.

Infants, conveyances by and to, ii, 291. Interdictum, iii, 42. wills of, ii, 497. Interesse termini, ii, 144. executors, ii, 503. Interest on money, ii, 454 et seq., 463, n. jurisdiction of chancery over, iii, 426. among the Romans, ii, 462. inspection of, iii, 332. on legacy, ii, 513. carnal knowledge of, iv, 212. in bankruptcy, ii, 488. evidence by, iv, 214, distinction between contract for reducing when liable for crimes, iv, 22, 24, 158. and contract for increasing, iii, 432. instigating to crimes, iv, 40. Interested witness, iii, 370. stinting in food, &c., iv, 217. Interlineation in deed, ii, 308. child stealing, iv, 219. presumption of law as to the making, ii, Inferior courts, writs of error from, iii, 411 308, n. and n. Interlocutory judgment, iii, 896, 448. Information in the exchequer, iii, 261. decrees, iii, 101, 452. in respect of charities, iii, 427. Interpleader, iii, 300, n. in the ecclesiastical courts, iii, 101. by a sheriff, iii, 417, n. appeal from, iii, 428. in equity, iii, 448. compounding of, iv, 136. Interpretation of law, i, 58. criminal, iv, 308, 429, 436. rules for, i, 60, 62. ex officio, iii, 427; iv, 308. (See "Statutes.") in crown office, iv, 308. Interregnum, i, 196, 249. in nature of quo warranto, iv, 312, 441. Interrogatories, iii, 383, 438, 444. Informer, common, it, 437; iii, 160; iv, 308. examination on, iv, 287. Infortunium, homicide per, iv, 182. Intestate, ii, 494; iv, 425, 428. Injunction, iii, 442. (See "Executors and Administrators.") to stay waste, it, 282, n. Intrusion, iii, 169. dissolution of, id. information'of, iii, 261. Injuries, civil, iii, 2, 118. writ of, iii, 183. Inheritable blood, it, 246. Inventions, patents for, it, 407. Inheritance, words of, essential to create a fee, Inventory of deceased's effects, it, 510. it, 107 and n. Investiture, ii, 32, 53, 209, 311. (See "Descept," "Estate.") Involuntary manslaughter, iv, 192. Inn, entering an, not a trespass, iii, 212. Ireland, i, 99, 104. disorderly, iv, 167. writ of error from superior courts of, iii, Innkeeper, liabilities and lien of, i, 414, n., 410, n. 430, n.; it, 451, n.; iii, 164. relief from forfeitures of leases in, iii, 435. Inns of court and chancery, i, 23, 25. disestablishment of state church of, iv, 443,n. Inuendo, iii, 126. Irish peerages, i, 100, n, 154, n. Inofficious wills, i, 448; it, 502. Irons to secure prisoners, iv, 300, 322. Inquests by coroners, i, 248, 302, n. Islands, title to new, ii, 261. Inquests of office, remedy for injuries to crown, Issuable terms, iii, 353. iii, 257; iv, 301, 424. Issue, collateral, iv, 396. in case of escheats, i, 372, n.; iii, 258. in criminal cases, iv, 899. prosecutions on, iv, 274, 301,302. joinder of, iii, 315; iv, 840. Inquiry, writ of; iii, 398. tender of, iii, 312, 314. Inquisitio post mortem, it, 68; iii, 257. of fact, when said to be joined, iii, 315. Inquisition, what it is, iii, 257. directed by court of equity, iii, 452. gives the king his right by record, iii, 258. on distringas, iii, 280. may be traversed, iil, 260. Itinerant courts, iv, 411,422. Inrolment of annuity deeds, ii, 461. justices, iii, 59; iv, 422. of bargain and sale, it, 338. Jactitationis matrimonii causa, iii, 98. Insidiatio viarum, iv, 374. Jenks, refusal to grant habeas corpus to, iii,1 35. Insimul computassent, iii, 162. Jeofails, statutes of, iii, 407; iv, 375, 439. Insolvent debtors, relief of, iii, 415, n. 484. Jersey, Isle of, i, 106. Inspection, trial by, iii, 331. Jetsam, i, 293; iii, 106. Installment, ii, 312. Jew bill, i, 375. Instanter, trial, iv, 396. Jews, iv, 373. Institutes of Justinian, i, 81. exclusion of, i, 875. Institution to a benefice, i, 890; if, 23; iv, 107. appointment of guardians by, i, 462, n. Insurance, ii, 458 et seq.; iii, 74; iv, 441. legal protection to, i, 425. on lives, it, 459. maintenance of their protestant children, i, marine, ii, 460. 449. wagering policies, ii, 460. marriages of, 1, 435, n. interest or no interest, ii, 460. may now sit in parliament, i, 157, n., 875, n. of lender on bottomry and respondentia, relief from disabilities, i, 157, n., 375, n.; iv, it, 461. 443, n. of lives by annuitants, ii, 461. John, King, his resignation of the crown to Intent in larceny material, iv, 232. the pope, iv, 108, 111. in forgery, iv, 248, n. magna charta of, i, 127; iv, 423,425. in offences against the person, iv, 208, n. Joinder of issue, ill, 315. in case of crime by drunken person, iv, 25, n. in demurrer, ill, 115. INDEX.

Joinder of actions, iii, 295, n. Jury, what persons exempted from serving on, Joint owner of chattel, crown cannot be, ii, 409. iii, 363. Joint tenancy, ii, 180 et seq. unanimity of, iii, 375. dissolution of, ii, 185. jury of women, iii, 362; iv, 365. good faith required in, ii, 194, n. Jury, grand, iv, 302-306. Jointure, ii, 137, 180. indictment by, iv, 303. Judgment, title to chattels by, ii, 436. Jus ad rem, ii, 212. debt by, ii, 465. Jus divinum of kings, i, 204. remedy by elegit, ii, 162. Jus prmtorium, iii, 49. void if jurisdiction wanting, iii, 24, n. Justice, origin of, ii, 8, n. arrest of, iii, 893, 394. right to, i, 141. operates as a charge upon lands, iii, 419, n. king, the fountain of, i, 266. from what time it binds lands, iii, 420. remedy by party's own act, iii, 1 et seq. scire facias to revive, iii, 421 and n. remedy by means of the courts, iii, 22 et seq. action of debt on, iii, 160. neglect or refusal of, iii, 109. jurisdiction of equity over, iii, 437. offences against iv, 128. decree in equity has the force of, iii, 453. obstructing process, iv, 129. in criminal cases, iv, 375 et seq. escapes, prison breaches and rescues, iv, 129. Judge in one's own cause, iii, 289 and n. returning from transportation, iv, 132. Judges, iii, 25, 356; iv, 440. receiving stolen goods, &c., iv, 132. commissions of, i, 267. theft-bote, iv, 133. are counsellors to the king, i, 229. barretry, maintenance and champerty, iv, depositories of the common law, i, 69. 134, 135. killing of, iv, 84. compounding criminal information, iv, 136. assaults upon, iv, 125. conspiracy, iv, 136. threats or reproaches to, iv, 126. threatening letters, and perjury, iv, 137. how counsel for prisoners, iv, 355. bribery, embracery and false verdict, iv, 140. are always made sergeants, iii, 26. official negligence and oppression, iv, 140, in equity, iii, 441, 442, 444. 141. punishment for misbehavior, iii, 408. homicide, in advancement of, iv, 179. summing up of, iii, 375, n. Justice-seat, court of, iii, 72. Judicial committee of the privy council, i, 232, Justices bf the peace, i, 349. n., 280, n. ; iii, 67, n., 80, n. appointment of, i, 350.' its present organization, iii, 69, n. number and qualification, i, 352. Judicial decisions, i, 63, 64. power and duty of, i, 353. Judicial power, i, 267, 269. should understand law, i, 8. Judicial writs, iii, 282. Justicies, writ of, iii, 36. Judices ordinarii, iii, 315. Justifiable homicide, iv, 178. Judicium Del, iv, 341, 342. Justification, plea of, iii, 306. ferri, aquoe et ignis, iv, 344. in slander, iii, 125. Jure, king de, i, 204; iv, 77. of bail, iii, 291. Jure divino right of kings, i, 191. Justinian, pandects of, i, 81. Juris utrum, writ of, iii, 252. Jurisdiction, plea to, iii, 301 ; iv, 833. Keeper, lord, iii, 47. of courts of equity, iii, 426. Kidnapping, iv, 219. encroachment of, iii, 111. Killing, what amounts to murder, iv, 196. want of, renders judgments void, iii, 24, n. what to manslaughter, iv, 190. Jurors, fining or imprisoning, iv, 361. (See "Homicide.") list of, in sheriff's office, iii, 354, n.; iv, 351. Kin, ii, 205. challenge of, iii, 358, 362, 363 ; iv, 352. (See " Descent," "Executors and Administra- qualification of, iii, 361 and n. tors.") trial of challenge of, iii, 362. Kindred, degrees of, how computed, ii, 207 verdict formerly on their own knowledge, and n. iii, 874. King, i, 190. (See "Crown.") may be sworn as witnesses, id. lord paramount, ii, 59. should understand law, i, 8. a constituent part of parliament, i, 154,261. Jury, trial by, iii, 349. can do no wrong, i, 246; iii, 254; iv, 32. its establishment in England, iii, 860 councils of, i, 227. excellence of trial by, iii, 354. dignity of, i, 241. the glory of the English law, iii, 378. duties of, i, 226. impartial administration of the law pro- sovereignty of, i, 241. moted by, iii, 379. title of, i, 190. defects of trial by, iii, 381. ubiquity of, i, 270. must formerly be hundredors, iii, 358. expenditures of, i, 334, 335. may retire to consider verdict, iii, 375. the arbiter of commerce, i, 273. special, iii, 357. the fountain of justice, i, 266. common, iii, 358. the fountain of honor, i, 271. trial by, in criminal cases, iv. 348. head of the church, i,279. jury process, iv, 350. injuries by or to, iii, 254. award of tales, iv, 354. perfection of, i, 246. verdict, iv, 360. perpetuity of, i, 249. INDEX.

King, power of, i, 250. Knight of the garter, i, 410. prerogative of, i, 237. to be returned on a lord's jury, iii, 359 compassing or imagining death of, iv, 76. of the shire, i, 176. adhering to enemies of, iv, 82. Knighthood, i, 404; ii, 69; iv, 437. contempts against government of, iv, 128. Knight's fee, i, 404; ii, 62. against courts of, iv, 124. Knight service, ii, 62. counterfeiting money of, iv, 84, 98, 100, n. all lands held of, ii, 51. Labor, the origin of property, ii, 5. right to mines, ii, 18. punishment by, iv, 370, 371, 377. royal fish, ii, 403. Laborers, i, 407, 426. title to chattels by prerogative, ii, 408, 505. Laches of infants, i, 465. cannot be joint owner with subject, ii, 409. not imputable to the crown, i, 247. prerogative copyright, ii, 410. Lmsa majestatis crimen, iv, 75, 79. property in game, id. Lnsione fidei, suit pro, iii, 52. may take a chattel by succession, ii, 432. Laity, i, 396. ancient jewels of, are heir-looms, ii, 428. Lancaster, county palatine of, i, 117, 119. prerogative presentation to a living, ii, 24, n. court of duchy and county of, iii, 78,429. no lapse of time to present by, ii, 277. practice of court of common pleas of, il, mortuary on death of bishop, ii, 413, 426. 79, n. forfeiture of lands to, ii, 267. Land, what is, ii, 16. no general occupancy against, ii, 259. license to occupy, ii, 279, n. words of limitation in grants to, ii, 109. left by sea or river, ii, 261. descent of crown to half-blood, ii, 253. history of right to alien, ii, 287. not bound by sale in market overt, ii, 449. re-entry on, iii, 4. grants by, ii, 308, 346. limitation of actions to recover, iii, 178, n. restrictions on alienations by, ii, 346, n. in eye of the law is always enclosed, iii, mistake or deceit, ii, 348. 209. cannot grant monopolies except for inven- possession of, sufficient to maintain trespass tions, ii, 407. against strangers, iii, 210, n. revenue extraordinary of, i, 306. plea in abatement not admitted in suit for, ordinary revenue, i, 281. iii, 302. royal family of, i, 219, 225. judgment is a charge upon, iii, 419. seals of, ii, 346; iii, 47. from what time judgment binds, iii, 420. suits formerly discontinued by demise of, iii, Landlord, when may break open doors, iii, 11. 295. liability for nuisance, ii, 144, n. when preferred to other creditors, iii, 420 may be made defendant in ejectment, iii, and n. 204. judgment of, affects all lands of his officers, who considered such, iii, 204, n. iii, 420. summary remedy by, when rent is in ar- neither pays nor receives costs, iii, 400. rear, iii, 206, n. exceptions, iii, 400, n. priority of, before execution creditor, iii, 417. jurisdiction of exchequer in matters con- tenant estopped from disputing title, ii, 144, n. cerning, iii, 420. (See "Tenure.") palaces of, contempts against, iv, 124. person of, contempts against, iv, 123. Land tax, i, 309-814; iv, 423. prerogative of, contempts against, iv, 122. Lapse of devise and bequest, ii, 512. felonies against, iv, 98. of right to present to church, ii, 276 ; iv, 107. counterfeiting seals of, iv, 83, 89, 92, n. Larceny, iv, 229-243. levying war against, iv, 123. must be a taking, iv, 280,231. refusing to advise or assist, iv, 122. by servants, clerks, agents, officers, &c., iv, can do no wrong, i, 243-246; iii, 254. 231,235. personal irresponsibility of, iii, 254. by lodgers, iv, 231 and n. King's bench, court of, iii, 40; iv, 265. by party stealing his own goods, iv, 231. not fixed to certain place, iii, 41. the asportation, iv, 231. jurisdiction of, iii, 41. the felonious intent, iv, 232. fiction of defendant being in custody, iii, of letters, iv, 235. 42, n. from wrecks, id. from what courts a court of appeal, iii, 43 of reclaimed animals, ii, 289; iv, 235. and n. of fish, hawks and swans, iv, 236. writ of error from, to exchequer chamber, of domestic animals, ii, 289; iv, 235. iii, 43 and n. where owner is not known, iv, 236. process in, by original, iii, 284. punishment of, iv, 237. by bill of Middlesex, iii, 285. aggravating circumstances in, iv, 239. by latitat, id. from specified buildings, &c., 241, 242. justices of, killing, iv, 84. from the person, iv, 242. King's counsel, iii, 27. by robbery, iv, 243. King's silver, ii, 850. sale of stolen goods, ii, 450. Knight, tenure of lands by, ii, 62. receiving stolen goods, iv, 182. bachelor, i, 404. taking reward to help to stolen goods, id. banneret, i, 403. Latitat, iii, 285. of the bath, id. Law, study of the, i, 1. INDEX.

Law, care and circumspection of the, iii, 422. Legacies, suits for in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 98. signification of, i, 38. in chancery, in, 98, n. a science, i, 27. lapsed, ii, 513. French, iii, 317; iv, 416, 428. when vested, ii, 513, n. Greek, iii, 321. payable in future, id. history of, iv, 407 et seq. interest upon, id. civil, i, 14, 19, 79, 80, 83. Legal memory, i, 67; ii, 31. canon, authority of, i, 14, 19, 79, 83; iv, 421, Legal proceedings, wherein their uncertainty 422. consists, and to what owing, iii, 325. common, i, 63-67. Legal tender, i, 277 and n. courts of, their profits, i, 289. Legatine constitutions, i, 82. divine or revealed, i, 42. Legislative power, i, 51, 53, 147. written, i, 185. cannot be delegated, i, 52, n. interpretation of, i, 59-62, 87-91. how restrained in America, i, 52, n., 58, n., unwritten, i, 63-67; iv, 408. 89, n. martial, i, 413; iv, 436. one legislature cannot limit power of sub- merchant, i, 75, 273. sequent, i, 91, n. moral obligation of, i, 43, n., 57, 58. how far controllable, i, 161. municipal, i, 44. Legislature. of God, i, 41. (See "Legislative Power, . Parliament.") offences against, iv, 43. Legitimacy, i, 446. of nations, i, 43, 44, n. English and Scotch laws respecting, ii, offences against, iv, 66. 248, n. of nature, i, 39. Letter missive, iii, 445. parts of a law, i, 54, 58. for electing a bishop, i, 379. promulgation of, i, 6, n., 45. Letters, stealing of, iv, 235. statute, i, 85. sending threatening, iv, 144. study of, i, 1-37. opening in the post-office, i, 322, n. amendment of, statute for, iv, 441. copyright in, ii, 407, n. feudal, iv, 418. Letters of marque, i, 258, 259, n. Latin, iii, 319; iv, 428. Letters patent, ii, 346. causes of delays of, iii, 423. scire facias, for repeal of, iii, 260, 261. of property, necessarily arbitrary, ii, 12. for inventions, ii, 407. consistency of, with natural justice, ii, 13. Levant and couchant, meaning of, iii, 8, n., 239. wager of, iii, 341; iv, 414, 424. Levari facias, iii, 4 t7. Law of the land, i, 135, n. Levitical degrees, i, 435. Law schools, i, 23, 25, n., 30, n. Levying money without consent of parlia- Law side of the chancery court, iii, 47. ment, i, 140. of the exchequer, iii, 45. Levying war against the king, iv, 81. Laws of Alfred, i, 64. Lewdness, iv, 64. of Edward the Confessor, i, 66. Lex mercatoria, i, 76. Law suits, cause of multitude of. iii, 328, Lex talionis, iv, 12. chiefly arise from disputed facts, iii, 329. Libel, remedies for, iii, 125. Lawyers, noble, i, 11, 25. truth as a defence, iii, 126, n. attempts to exclude from parliament, i, 177. apology in mitigation of damages, id. calling to the bar, i, 24, n. what kind indictable, and how, iv, 150. Lay corporations, i, 470. blasphemous, iv, 59. investiture of bishops, i, 378. on king and government, iv, 123. Lazarets, escaping from, iv, 162. on judges, &c., iv, 150. Lead, stealing of, iv, 233. how far things imputed must be criminal, receiving stolen, iv, 132, 133. iv, 150. Leading interrogatories, iii, 449. malice in, id. Leap year, ii, 141. what publication necessary, id. Lease, ii, 317 et seq., 144, n., 150, n. ; iii, 41. modes of prosecution, iv, 151. when by parol and when by deed, ii, 297. trial of, id. who may make, ii, 318 et seq., 290 et seq., 319. in newspaper, proof of, iv, 150. non-residence of incumbent, ii, 322. judgment and punishment, iv, 151. college leases, id. in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 100. corn rents, id. Liberam legem, losing, iii, 340, 404; iv, 348. must be perfected by lessee's entry, ii, 314. Liberties or franchises, ii, 167. tenant cannot deny landlord's title, ii, 144, n. English charters of, i, 127-129. to an alien, ii, 293. Liberty, civil, 1, 6, 125, 251. defeasance of, ii, 327. natural, i, 125. distinction between assignments and under- personal, i, 134. leases, ii, 327, n. political, i, 6, 125, 251. relief from forfeiture, iii, 435. of the press, iv, 151. and release, ii, 339. personal, injuries to, and crimes against, iii, entry and ouster, iii, 204. 127 ; iv, 218. Lectures, copyright in, ii, 407, n. License to erect buildings, ii, 297, n. Leet, iv, 273,411, 424. of mortmain, ii, 269. Legacies, ii, 512; iii, 98. of alienation, ii, 72. 598 INDEX.

License, to administer oaths, ifl, 59. Lollardy, iv, 47. marriage, i, 439. London, franchises of, not forfeitable, iii, 264; wine, i, 289. iv, 424. from the pope, iv, 115. courts of, iii, 81. implied, to enter on lands, iii, 212. customs of, i, 75, 76. Licensing of books, iv, 152, 439. custom of, on intestacy, ii, 518. Licentia loqueddi, iii, 299. market overt in, ii, 449. Liege, i, 367. trading by feme covert in, ii, 477. Lien of vendor of goods, ii, 449, n. chamberlain of may take bonds, &c., by of bailee, ii, 453, n. succession, ii, 432. Lieutenant, lord, of Ireland, i, 412; iv, 272. customs of, how tried, iii, 333. Life, i, 129. whether defendant be a citizen, how tried, action for deprivation of, iii, 119. iii, 334. distinction between natural and civil, ii, 121. Lord, feudal, ii, 53. presumption of death, ii, 177, n. Lords, house of, i, 155, 168. compelling production of cestui que vie, its peculiar laws, i, 167. ii, 177. spiritual, i, 155, 156. annuities, ii, 461. temporal, i, 157-159. peerages, i, 401, n. Lords' act, ii, 488, n. crimes against, iv, 177. Lords committees for courts, iii, 57. estates for. Lords justices, iii, 55, n. (" See Estates.") Lords triors, iv, 259, 260, 440. Ligan, i, 293; iii, 106. Lotteries, iv, 168. Ligeance, i, 366. Lunacy, jurisdiction over, iii, 427. Light, prescriptive right to, ii, 14, 266, n., 395, appeal in matters of, id. n., 402; iii, 217, n. Lunatic, iv, 24, 395. obstruction of, a nuisance, iii, 216. (See "Idiot.") Light-houses, i, 264. conveyance by, ii, 291. Limbs, i, 130; iii, 121, 333. plea of non-competency, id. (See ".") fine by, ii, 355, n. Limitation of actions, &c., ii, 194, n., 266, n.; will of, ii, 497. iii, 178, 188, 192, 196, 250, 306. marriage of, i, 439. (See "Estate.") when chargeable for crimes, iv, 24, 195. adverse possession by tenant in common, Luxury, laws against, iv, 170. ii, 194, n. acknowledgement of debt, iii, 306, n. Machinery, destroying or injuring, iv, 247, not stopped by subsequent disability, iii, and n. 306, n. exportation of, iv, 160, and n. entry of writs to save statute of, iii, 307, n. Madder roots, stealing of, 4, 233. in equity, iii, 439. Magistrates, i, 146. of indictments, iv, 306, 308, 315, 351,436. supreme and subordinate, i, 338. Limited administration, ii, 506. oppression by, iv, 141. fee, ii, 109. Magna assisa elegenda, writ de, iii, 351. property, ii, 391. Magna charta, i, 127; iv, 423, 425. Lineal descent of the crown, i, 194. contents of, iv, 423, 424. of lands. Mail, stealing from, iv, 235, n. (See "Descent.") opening letters in, i, 322, n. consanguinity, ii, 203. Maniour, iii, 71; iv, 307. warranty, ii, 301. Mainpernors, iii, 128. Linen, stealing, iv, 238. Mainprize, writ of, iii, 128. Lip, cutting off, iv, 207. Maintenance of bastards, i, 458. Literary property, ii, 405. of children, i, 447. Littleton, i, 72, 73. of parents, i, 454. Litigious church, iii, 243, 246. of suits, i, 428; iv, 134. Liturgy, reviling, iv, 50. of wife, i, 442. Livery of seisin, ii, 311. law of, in America, ii, 290, n. abolished, ii, 314, n. Making law, iii, 343. of ward, ii, 68. Mal-administration of government, iv, 121. in deed, ii, 315. Mala in se and mala prohibita, i, 54, 57, in law, ii, 316. 58. Loan, compulsive, i, 140; iv, 436. distinction reprobated, i, 58, n. interest upon, il, 454 et seq. Male line preferred to female in descent to (See " Interest.") crown, i, 194. Local actions, i, 99; iii, 294. preferred to female in descent, ii, 212. Locality of trial, iii, 384; iv, 303. Malice, express, iv, 199. (See "Venue.") implied, iv, 200. Locks on rivers, destroying, iv, 144. prepense, iv, 198, 206. Lodgers, larceny by, iv, 231. in libels, iii, 123, n.; iv, 150. distress of goods of, iii, 7. in false prosecutions, iii, 126, n. Logic, its effects upon law and theology, i, 33; in , iv, 198. ii, 58; iv. 417. in arson, iv, 222 and n. INDEX.

Malice, under black act, iv, 246. Marriage, royal, i, 225, 226; iv, 92, n., 117. intent to injure inferred from wrongful act, when good, i, 436, 439, 440. iv, 222, n. of ward, ii, 70, 88. Malicious prosecution, action for, iii, 126. settlement, ii, 364. Malicious destruction of powdike in fens in suit on contract of, iii, 93. Norfolk and Ely, iv, 245. conditions in restraint of, ii, 154, 155, n. of sea and river, &c., banks, bridges, turn- forcible, iv, 208. pikes, &c., iv, 144, 145. in chivalry, iv, 418, 420, 421. of corn, barns, stacks, &c., iv, 245-247. licenses and registers, forging or destroying, of horses, cattle, &c., iv, 246. iv,163, 249. ships, &c., iv, 245. Married Woman. of other property, iv, 247. (See "Husband and Wife.") Malt tax, i, 314. Marshal of the king's bench, iii, 43, 285. Malum prohibitum and malum in se, i, 54, 57, n. of the king's host, iii, 334. Man, Isle of, i, 406. Marshalsea, court of, iii, 76; iv, 276. Mandamus, writ of, iii, 110; iv, 441. Martial courts, i, 413, n.; iv, 436. return to, iii, 110. Martial law, i, 413, n., 415. demurrer to return, id. Mass books, iv, 115. writ of error in case of, id. Master and servant, i, 423. remedy for refusal to admit corporate offi- liability of master, i, 429. cer, iii, 264. action for inveigling servant, iii, 141. to elect corporate officers, ili, 265. action for battery of servant, id. is now in the nature of an action, ill, 264. stinting servant m food, offence of, iv, 217. Mandates, royal, to the judges, i, 142 ; iv, 426. embezzlement by servant, iv, 231. Manhood, ceremony of, ii, 54. Master in chancery, iii, 442, 453. Manors, ii, 20, 90. Master of the rolls, iii, 56, 442, 451. demesne lands, ii, 90. Matrimonial causes, iii, 92. within manors or houses, ii, 91. (See "Divorce.") court-baron or customary court, ii,90. new court for, iii, 67, n. extinguishment of, id. Matrons, jury of, iii, 362; iv, 395. cannot now be created, ii, 91. Maxims of law, i, 68. Mansion house, ii, 90; iv, 224. Mayhem, what is, and how remedied, i, 130; Manslaughter, iv, 191. iii, 121, 333. punishment of, iv, 192. appeal of, iv, 314. conviction of, iv, 219. inspection of, iii, 332. Man stealing, iv, 219. offence of, iv, 205. Manufacturers, seducing them abroad, iv, 160. elements of the offence, iv, 207, 208. embezzlement by, iv, 231, 300. Mayors among the Saxons, iv, 413. encouragement of, iv, 428. Measures and weights, i, 274-277; iv, 275, 424, Manufactories, rioters destroying engines in, false, iv, 159. iv, 143. Medietate, jury de, iii, 246, 360; iv, 128, 166, injuries to, iv, 247. 278, 352. stealing from, iv, 240. Meeting for military training forbidden, iv, Manumission of villeins, ii, 94, 347. 143. Marchers, lords, i, 898. Members of congress privileged from arrest, Marechal, lord, iii, 38, 68. iii, 289, n. Marine felonies, how triable, iv, 269 and n. Members of parliament, i, 153. Marine insurance, ii,460. elections of, i, 170-180. Marines, i, 416. number of, i, 159. impressment of, i, 420. qualifications of, i, 175. Mariners, wandering, iv, 165. should study the law, i, 9, 10. Maritagium, ii, 70, 80. privileges of, i, 164-170. Maritime causes, iii, 106. Memorial of annuity, ii, 461. courts, iii, 69. Memory, time of legal, i, 67; ii, 31. state, i, 419. Menaces, iii, 120. Mark, signature by, ii. 305. Menial servants, i, 425. Market, l,38. Mercen-lage, i, 65; iv, 412. how established, i, 274. Merchants, custom of, i, 75. overt, sale in, ii, 449. foreign, i, 260; iv, 424. holding near another, a nuisance, iii, 218. Mercheta, ii, 83. towns, i, 114. Merger, doctrine of, ii, 177. clerk of, his court, iv, 275. Merton, parliament of, i, 19. Marque and reprisal, letters of, i, 258, 259, n. Mesne profits, action for, iii, 205, 279, 419. Marquesses, i, 397. Mesne, writ of, iii, 284. Marriage, i, 433. Mesne lords, ii, 59. injuries to rights of, iii, 92. Messuage, what, ii, 19, n. (See "Husband and Wife.") Metal stealing, iv, 233. statutes regulating, i, 435, 437, n., 438, n. Metaphysics, their effects upon law and the- a civil contract, iv, 433, 439. ology, ii, 58; iv, 417. clandestine, i, 439; iv, 162. Michel-gemote, i, 147. disabilities of, i, 434, 435. Michel-synoth, i, 147. INDEX.

Middlesex, county court of, iii, 82. Mort d' ancestor, assize of, iii, 185. bill of, iii, 285. for rent, iii, 231. Migration, ii, 7. Mortgage, ii, 157 et seq. Military courts, i, 83; iii, 68. distinguished from pawn, ii, 452. law, i, 417; iii, 103. tacking, ii, 160. offences, i, 415; iv, 101. who primarily liable upon, id. power of the crown, i, 262. power of sale in, id. state, i, 408. equitable mortgage by deposit of title history of, i, 409. deeds, id. testaments, i, 418. tenancy under mortgagee, ii, 150, n. service, i, 287; ii. 54, 57, 61. effect of bankruptcy of mortgagor, ii, 487. (See "Tenure.") jurisdiction of equity over, iii, 435, 439. Militia, i, 410, 412. provision for reduction of interest, iii, 432. Milk, may be sold on Sunday, iv, 64. parol evidence to show deed to be, ii, 158, n. Mill, customary dues to, iii, 235. Mortmain, statutes of, i, 479; ii, 268; iv, 108, Mines, i, 295. 424, 426, 441. right to dig turf, gravel, &c., ii, 34. personal annuities of inheritance, ii, 41. included in land, ii, 18. devises in, ii, 375. royal mines, ii, 18. license of, ii, 268, 272. firing, iv, 246. Mortuaries, ii, 425. destroying works of, 247. Mother church, i, 112. stealing ore out of, iv, 234. in court, iii, 304. Ministers, responsibility of, 1, 250. Mount, or bank, i, 328. Ministry. Mountebanks, iv, 167. (See " Cabinet.") Movables, ii, 384. Minority, incidents of, i, 464. (See "Personalty.") (See " Infant.") Mulier puisn6, ii, 248. none in the king, i, 248. Multiplicity of laws, iii, 325. Misadventure, homicide by, iv, 182. Municipal corporation, i, 475. Mischief, malicious, iv, 244 et seq. (See "Corporation.") , iv, 1-5. Municipal law, i, 44; iii, 1. forcible, self-defence against, iii, 3, n. Murder, defined, iv, 194. Mise,iii, 305. by perjury, iv, 138, 196. Misfortune, unlawful act by, iv, 26. person killed must be reasonable being, iv, Misnomer, consequence of, iii, 302; iv, 334. 197. Mispleading, when cured by verdict, iii, 394. malice aforethought, iv, 198. Misprision against king and government, iv, punishment of, iv, 201. 119-126. when pardonable, iv, 194, 400. Mistake, iv, 27, Murdrum, iii, 321; iv, 195. remedies at law and in equity, iii, 431. Music, copyright in, ii, 407, n. Misuser in office, ii, 153. Muta canum, ii, 427. of franchise, i, 485, n. Mute, standing, iv, 324 and n. Mitigation of damages in slander, iii, 125, n. advising it, iv, 126. Mitter le droit, ii, 325. Mutilation, i, 130; iii, 121; iv, 207. Mitter l'estate, ii, 324. punishment by, iv, 377. Mittimus, iv 300. Mutiny act, i, 152, 415, 416. Mixed actions, iii, 118. Mutual debts, iii, 305. Modus, ii, 29. (See "Tithes.") Namium vestitum, iii, 148. Molliter manus imposuit, iii, 5, n., 121. National debt, i, 328-331. Monarchy, i, 49. Nations, law of, i, 43, 44, 68-71. (See "King.") offences against laws of, iv, 66-71. not elective, but hereditary, i, 192. violation of safe conducts, &c., iv, 68. Monasteries, effect of dissolution of, upon offences against ambassadors, iv, 70. tithes, ii, 32. , iv, 71. Money, i, 276. Natural liberty, i, 125. bills, i, 170, 184. life, i, 132. payment of, into court, iii, 304. persons, i, 123. paid for another, iii, 162. born subjects, 1, 366, 370. received to another's use, id. Naturalization, i, 374; ii, 249. counterfeiting, iv, 84, 88. Nature, state of, as to property, ii, 3, 8, n. interest upon, ii. 454, et seq. guardian by, 1, 461. (See "Interest.") law of, i, 36, 39. legal tender, i, 277 and n. crime against, iv, 215. Monks, i, 132. Navigable rivers. Monopolies, statute against, ii, 407; iv, 159,436. (See "Rivers.") Monster cannot inherit, ii, 246. Navigation acts, i, 418; iv, 439. Monstrans de droit, iii, 256. Navy, articles of, i, 420. Monuments are heir-looms, ii, 428. Ne admittas, writ of, iii, 248. Month, lunar and calendar, ii, 141. Ne exeat regno, i, 137, 266; iv, 122. Moral consideration, ii, 445, n. Ne injustZ vexes, writ of, iii, 234. VOL. II 76 601 INDEX.

Necessaries, liability for, 1, 449, 466, n. Non sum informatus, judgment by, iii, 397. Necessity, when it excuses crime, iv, 27, 31. Northern borders, rapine on, iv, 244. homicide by, iv, 178. Norman conquest, i, 99; ii, 60; iv, 414, 415. ways by, ii, 35, n. Normandy, grand coustumier of, i, 107. Negative in corporations, i, 478. Norman French, use of, in legal proceedings, of the kin*, i, 154, 184, n. iii, 317. Negligence, iii, 163. Nose, cutting or slitting, iv, 207, 377. liability of advocate for, iii, 165 and n. Not guilty, plea of, iv, 888, 450. of bailee, ii, 451, n. effect of plea in actions of trespass, iii, 305. of officers, iv, 140. in actions on the case, iii, 305. Negligent escape, iii, 415; iv, 130. Note of hand, ii, 467. Negotiable paper, ii, 442, n. small notes prohibited, ii, 468, n. (See "Bills of Exchange and Promissory of banking companies, id. Notes.') of a fine, ii, 351. Negro, i, 127, 425; ii, 402. Notice to quit, ii, 146, n., 147, n. slavery abolished, i, 425; iv, to terminate estate at will, ii, 146, n. Neife, ii, 94. of dishonor, ii, 470. Nembda, iil, 350. of trial. iii, 357. New assignment, iii, 311. in ejectment, iii, 203, 463. New promise to revive debt, iii, 306, n, Novel disseisin, assize of, iii, 186. New trial, when granted, iii, 387, 391. Novels in the civil law, i, 81. origin of practice of granting, iii, 388. Nudum pactum, ii, 296, 445. promotes the ends of justice, iii, 891. Nul disseisin, plea of, iii, 305. granting upon terms, iii, 893. Nul tiel record, iii, 331. motion for, when to be made, id. Nul tort, iil, 305. in criminal cases, iv, 361, 438. Nuncupative will, ii, 500, 514. New style, ii, 140. Nuper obiit, writ of, iii, 186. News, spreading of false, iv, 149. Nurture, guardian for, i, 461. Newspaper, libel by, ili, 125, n. Nuisance, definition of, iii, 216. Next of kin, ii, 224. cases of, iii, 216 et seq. right of, to administer, ii, 504. indictment for, iii, 219. distribution among, ii, 515. when action lies for, id. guardian for lunatic, &c., 1, 305. every continuance a fresh, iii, 220. Nient culpable, plea of, iv, 339. assize of, iii, 221, 413. Night, in burglary what is, iv, 224. liability of landlord for, ii, 144, n. Nightwalkers, iv, 292. abatement of, iii, 5, 220 and n. Nihil, return of, iii, 282. when notice to remove must be given, iii, 5, n. Nihil debet, plea of, iii, 305. to private ways, iii, 241. Nihil dicet, judgment by, iii, 396. to highways, bridges, rivers, &c., iv, 167. Nisi prius, courts of, iii, 58. by offensive trades, disorderly houses, &c., commission of, iii, 60 ; iv, 269. iv, 167. opening of commission, id. lotteries, fireworks, eavesdroppers andcom- clause of, in venire facias, iii, 352. mon scolds, iv, 168. trial at, iv, 351. writ of, not grantable when the king is a Oath against bribery at elections, i, 180. party, iii, 352, n. of allegiance, i, 367. Nobility, i, 157, 396. of supremacy and abjuration, i, 368, n. how created, i, 399. to witness, form of, iii, 365. how lost, i, 402. of the party, iii, 382, 437. king the fountain of, i, 271. ex officio, abolished, iii, 100, 447. incidents of, i, 401. to the government, refusal or neglect to study of law by, i, 11, 12, 25. take, iv, 116, 117, 123. Nocturnal crimes, preventing or resisting, iv, when nature of not understood, trial may be 180. put off, iv, 214, n. Non assumpsit, plea of, iii, 305. voluntary and extra-judicial, iv, 137. infra sex annos, iii, 308. Obedience to parents, i, 452. Non claim after a fine, iii, 354. Obligation of human laws, i, 43, 57, 59. of infants, i, 465. or bond, ii, 340. Non compos mentis,i, 304; ii, 497; iv, 24, 395. Obstructing process, iv, 129. (See "Lunacy.") Occupancy the origin of property, ii, 3, 8,258, Non-conformity, iv, 51, 432. 400. Non culpabilis, iii, 305; iv, 339, of new lands left by the sea or river, ii, 261. Non est factum, plea of, iii, 805, special, ii, 258. Non est inventus, return of, iii, 383. Odhal right, ii, 45. Non-juror, iv, 124. Odio et atia, writ de, iii, 128. Non prosequitur, iii, 296. Offensive trades, &c., nuisance by, iii, 217. Non obstante, i, 342; ii, 273; iv, 401. Office, king the fountain of, i,271. Non obstante verdicto, judgment, iii, 394, n., inquest of, iii, 258. 397, n. of the six clerks, iii, 443. Non residence of clergy, i, 391. "Office found," i, 370, n.; ii, 249, n., 268, n. Nonsuit, iii, 296, 316, 357, 376. iii, 259, n. 602 INDEX.

Officers, arrest by, iv, 292. Papists, laws against, iv, 55, 87, 425. Officers, killing of, in execution of office, iv, 200. relief of. of revenue, assault on, iv, 155. (See "Pope," "Roman Catholics." constable, assault on, iv, 129. Paramount lord, ii, 59, 91. public, embezzlement by, iv, 230. Paraphernalia, ii, 435. refusal to admit, iii, 264. Paravail, tenant, ii, 60. Offices, ii, 36. Parcels, construction of particular words, it, 19. when grantable in reversion, ii, 36. Parceners, ii, 187. property in, ii, 37, n. Parco fracto, writ de, iii, 146. curtesy of, ii, 126, n. Pardon, iv, 316, 337, 376, 396. pay of certain officers not assignable, ii, 36, for discovering accomplices or receivers, 441, n. iv, 331. and pensions, duty on, i, 327, 328, n. not pleadable to impeachment, i, 334; iv, usurpation of, how remedied, iii, 262. 261, 339, 440. Old age does not disqualify from making will, king's prerogative of, i, 269; iv, 397. ii, 497. Parent and child, i, 446. Oleron, laws of, i, 419; iv, 423. Parents, remedy for abduction of children, Omnipotence of parliament, i, 160. iii, 140. Oppression of crown, how remedied, i, 243.' duties of, i, 446-452. of magistrates, iv, 141. powers of, i, 452-454. Option of tbe archbishop, i, 381. consent of to marriage of children, i, 437. Optional writs, iii, 274. defence of children by, iii, 3, n. Orchards, robbery of, iv, 233. deserting children, iv, 170, n. damaging plants, &c., in, iv, 247. of bastard children, i, 458. Ordeal, trial by, iv, 342, 414, 425. Pares curite, ii, 54. Order of sessions, iv, 272. Pares, trial per, iii, 349. for money, &c., forgery of, iv, 250. Par materia, statutes in, i, 60, n. Orders, holy, i, 388. Parish, i,112. Ore, stealing, iv, 234. clerk, i, 395. Original contract of king and people, i, 211,233. Parks, ii, 38, 416. conveyances, ii, 310. Parliament, i, 141, 146; iv, 412, 425, 428. writ, iii, 272, 273. adjourning, i, 186. teste and return of, iii, 274. convention, i, 152, 211, 214. process in king's bench by, iii, 284. constituent parts of, i, 154. Orphanage, ii, 519. dissolving, i, 188. Ouster, different methods of, iii, 167, 198. estates of, i, 154, n., 156. Ouster le main, ii, 68. intermission of, i, 153. Outlawry, proceedings to, iii, 283. laws of, i, 160-163. consequences of, iii, 284. of France, i, 147. reversal of, id. of Merton, i, 19. now abolished, iii, 280, n. origin of, i, 147-149. in criminal cases, i, 142; iv, 319. power of, i, 160. Overseers of the poor, i, 359, 361. privileges of, i, 164-167. antiquity of office of, i, 359. proroguing, i, 187. Overt acts of treason, iv, 79, 86, 357. rolls, i, 181. market, ii, 449, sessions of, i, 46, 186, 187. pound, iii, 12. summons of, i, 150. Owling, ii, 421; iv, 154. process against members of, in chancery, Oyer, iii, 299. iii, 445. Oyer and terminer, commission of, iv, 269, court of the king in, iv, 259, 263. 448. disuse of, iv, 437. justices of, killing, iv, 84. stealing proceedings of, from post, iv, 235, n. Oyez, iv, 340. houses of public meeting near, iv, 148. Oysters, stealing of, iv, 236 and n. Parliamentum indoctum, i, 177. property in, ii, 393, n. Parol, distinguished from writing, ii, 296, Pains and penalties, act to inflict, iv, 259. 446, n. act for, forbidden in America. contracts, ii, 296, 442, 447. Pals, trial per, iii, 349; iv, 349. evidence, iii, 369. matter in, ii, 294. pleadings, iii, 292. Palace, court of, iii, 76. demurrer, iii, 300. assault in, iv, 125. demurrer by the, iii, 430. Palatine counties, i, 116, 119; iii, 79; iv, 431. Parricide, iv, 202. Pandects of Justinian, i, 17, 81. Parsons and vicars, i, 384. Panel of jurors, iii, 354; iv, 302, 350. appointment of, i, 388. Papal encroachment, iv, 104. powers and duties of, i, 391. process, obedience to, iv, 115. Particular estate, ii, 165. Paper credit, ii, 466; iv, 441. Particulars of demand, iii, 300, n. Paper books, iii, 317, 407. Parties to suits in equity, iii, 442. Papirian code, i, 81. Partitions, it, 185, 189, 194, 300, 323; iii, 302. Papists, disabilities of, ii, 257, 293. Partners, interest of, in personalty, ii, 399, n. children of, i, 449, 451. survivorship between, ii, 399. INDEX.

Partners, accounts of, in equity, iii, 437. [Penitentiary houses, iv, 871. Passports, i, 260. Pensions, from foreign princes, iv, 122. violation of, iv, 68. ecclesiastical, i, 281. Pasturage, right of, ii, 32, 84, n., 35, n. from the crown, i, 176; ii, 40. common of, ii, 82. duties on, i, 826. Pasture, writ of admeasurement, iii, 237. Pensioners excluded from house of commons, waste by plowing up, ii, 282. i, 175. Patent, letters, ii, 846; iii, 3. People, i, 866. rolls and writs, ii, 346. sovereignty in, i, 49, n., 52, n. for inventions, law of, ii, 407; iv, 159. Per quod, iii, 124. scire facias to repeal, iii, 260. Per quod consortium amisit, ill, 140. of peerage, i, 400. Peremptory challenges, iv, 353, 396. of precedence, iii, 28. Peremptory mandamus, iii, 111, 265. Patriam, trial per, iii, 349; iv, 349. Perfection of the king, i, 246. Patron, ii, 21. Perjury, iv, 137 and n. Patronage, usurpation of, iii, 242. in capital cases, iv, 188, 196. how remedied, iii, 243. Permissive waste, ii, 281. Patterns, copyright in, ii, 407. Perpetual curate, i, 394. Pauper, when excused from paying costs, Perpetuating testimony, iii, 450. iii, 400. Perpetuities, rule against, ii, 174. support of. (See "Poor.") Perpetuity of the king, i, 249. Pawn of goods, ii, 452. Persecution, religious, iv, 46, 428, 482. Pawnbroker, nature of contract with, ii, 452. Person, larceny from the, iv, 242 and n. Payment into court, iii, 804. injuries to and offences against, iii, 119; iv, of debts of deceased person, ii, 511. 177 et seq. tender of, i, 277. Personal actions, iii, 117. place of tender, iii, 308. what die with the person, iii, 802. Peace and war, right of making, i, 257. liberty, i, 134. Peace, commission of, i, 351; iv, 270. security, i, 129. conservation of, i, 349. Personalty, ii, 384, 889 et seq. justices of, i, 849; iv, 270, 282, 428. property in animals, ii, 889, 400. (See "Justices of the Peace.") little regarded in former times, ii, 884. the king's, i, 118, 268, 350. chattels real and chattels personal, ii, 885. breach of, iv, 142. succession to, regulated by domicil, ii, 887, n. security for, iv, 251, 254. finder of, entitled to possession except as clerk of, iv, 272. against owner, ii, 896, n. offences against, iv, 142-150. chose in action, ii, 396. Peculatus, iv, 122. may be settled for life with remainder over, Peculiars, court of, iii, 65. ii, 898. Peerage, benefit of, in offences, iv, 867. entail of, id. Peeresses, i, 401. title of partners to, ii, 899. trial of, id. real estate converted into, in equity, ii, 899. Peers, privileges of, i, 401; iii, 859; iv, 258, title to, by occupancy, ii, 400. 273, 867. prize, &c., ii, 401. great council of, i, 227, 228; iii, 56. goods found, ii, 402. hereditary counsellors of the crown, i, 227. animals ferm naturae, id. how created, i, 899. emblements, ii, 403. Irish and Scotch, i, 401. title by accession, confusion and intermix- pedigrees of, iii, 106. ture, ii, 404. foreign, i, 401. copyright, designs, &c., ii, 405, 407. protests by, i, 168. distinctive trade-marks, ii, 405, n. proxies of, id. patents for inventions, ii, 407. process against, in equity, iii, 445. title by gift, grant and contract, ii, 440. trial by, i, 401; iv, 260, 868. title of crown by prerogative, ii, 409. of the lords' court, ii, 54. fraudulent assignments of, ii, 441. answer of, in equity, i, 12, n. Personating others in courts, &c., iv, 128. spiritual, i, 157. proprietors of stock, iv, 248. house of, i, 156. bail, iv, 128. jurisdiction of, upon appeals and writs of Persons, natural, i, 123. error, iii, 57. artificial, i, 123, 467. pedigrees to be delivered in, iii, 106. rights of, i, 122. quorum of, iii, 56, n. Peter pence, iv, 107. Peine forte et dure, iv, 325 and n. Petit sergeanty, ii, 81. Penal statutes, i, 88; iv, 429. Petition of appeal, iii, 454. construction of, i, 82, n. of right, i, 128, 243; iv, 487. actions on, iii, 161. to what applicable, iii, 255, n., 256,428. Penalties, title to, by judgment, ii, 437. de droit, iii, 256. relief against, iii, 435. Petitioning, right of, i, 143; iv, 147. Penance, commutation of, iv, 105, 217, 276. tumultuous, id. for standing mute, iv, 325. Petty bag office, iii, 428. in ecclesiastical courts, iv, 105, 275, 368. why so called, iii, 49. INDEX.

453. Pettyury, constables, 1, 355. Pleading in equity, bill of review, iii, iii, 351. Pleas of the crown, ii, 424. larceny, iv, 229. Pledge, ii, 157, 452. sergeanty, ii, 81. estates in, ii, 157. sessions, iv, 272. Pledges of prosecution, iii, 147, 275. treason, iv, 75, 203, n. of appearance, iii, 280. Pews, title to, ii. 429 and n. Plenarty, iii, 243. Physician, iv, 197. Plough, beasts of the, when may be distrained, cannot maintain an action for fees, iii, 28, n. iii, 9, n. may make special contract, id. Plough-bote, ii, 85. liable for negligence or unskillfulness, iii, 122. Pluralities, i, 392. should be acquainted with law, i, 14. Pluries, writ, iii, 283; iv, 319. Piepoudre, court of, iii, 32. habeas corpus, iii, 135. Pignus, ii, 159. Poaching in night, iv, 175, n. Pillory, iv, 136, n., 377. Pocket sheriffs, i, 342. Piracy, iv, 71. Poisoning, iv, 196 and n. Piscary, common of, ii, 34, 39. administering poison with intent to murder, Placemen, excluded from house of commons, id. i, 175; iv, 440. to woman quick with child, iv, 198. Plagiarii, iv, 219. attempts at, iv, 196, n. Plague, irregularity during, iv, 161. Police, offences against, iv, 162. Plaint, iii, 273. Policies of insurance, iv, 441. Plaintiff, iii, 25. (See "Insurance.") Plantation, burning or destroying, iv, 246. court of, iii, 74. Plantations, law in the, 1, 107. Political liberty, 1, 125. Plants, destruction of, iv, 246. rights, i, 129, 145. stealing of, iv, 233. Polling at elections, i, 178. Play, right to represent, ii, 407, n. Polls, challenge to, iii, 361 ; iv, 352. Plays and players, license of, iv, 167. Polygamy, i,436; iv, 163. Plea, dilatory, iii, 301. Pone, iii, 34, 37, 195,280. within what time to be pleaded, iii, 301, n. Poor, i, 359. must be verified, iii, 302. laws, history of, i, 359-362; iv, 432. conclusion of, id. settlements, i, 362. effect of allowing or overruling, iii, 303. returning to parish, &c., vagrants, iv, 170, n. to the action, iii, 303. overseers of, i, 359-361. in bar, iii, 306. Pope, his authority how abolished, iv, 104,421, conditions and qualities of, iii, 307. 428, 430. special, conclusion of, id. encroachments of, iv, 104, 419, 424, 425. in equity, iii, 446. jurisdiction, defending, iv, 87, 115. in abatement, not admitted in suit for lands, reconciliation to, iv, 87. iii, 302. Popery, iv,55. to indictments, iv, 332. (See "Roman Catholics.") sanctuary, id. Popish books, importing or selling, iv, 115. benefit of clergy, iv, 332, 364. priests, iv, 57, 87, 115. to the jurisdiction, iv, 333. recusants, iv, 56, 124. demurrer, id. seminaries, education in, i, 451, iv, 55, 115. in abatement, iv, 334 and n. maintaining, iv, 115. autrefois acquit, iv, 335. Popular action, ii, 437; iii, 160. autrefois convict, iv, 336. Portland, Isle of, i, 105. autrefois attaint, id. Port-reeve, iv, 413. pardon, iv, 337. Ports and havens, i, 264. not guilty, iv, 338 et seq. injuries to, iv, 144. in bar of execution, iv, 396. Positive proof, iii, 371. of lunacy, ii, 291. Posse comitatus, i, 343. Pleading, times for, iii, 299. neglecting to join, iv, 122. departure in, iii, 309. Possessin fratris, ii, 227. formerly viva voce, now in writing, iii, 293. Possession, estate in, ii, 163, 389. in criminal cases, iii, 427. title by, ii, 195. required to be in English, iii, 317. right of, ii, 196; iii, 177, 180. Pleading in equity, iii, 442 et seq. adverse, ii, 266, n. commencement of suit, bill, iii, 422. when must be surrendered before adverse information, iii, 437. claim can be set up, ii, 144, n. parties to suit, iii, 442. of land, insufficient to maintain trespass demurrer, iii, 446. against stranger, iii, 210, n. pleas, id. of land under contract of sale, ii, 140, n.,146,n. answer, iii, 443, 446, 447. writ of, iii, 202, 412. cross-bill, iii, 448, 451. Possessory actions, nature of, ii, 198; iii, 179. amended and supplemental bill, iii, 448. limitation to, iii, 188. bills of revivor and interpleader, id. Possibility upon a possibility, ii, 169. bill to perpetuate testimony, iii, 450. not assignable, ii, 290. right of parol to demur, iii, 430. • Postea, iii, 386. INDEX.

Post-fine, ii, 350. Pre-contract of marriage, i, 434. Post, writ of entry in, iii, 182. Pre-emption, i, 287; iv, 116, 424, 439. Post-disseasin, writ of, iii, 188. Pregnancy, plea of, iv, 394. Post-man in exchequer, iii, 28. trial of, i, 456 ; iv, 395. Post-office duties, &c., i, 322-324. Premier sergeant, iii, 27. embezzlement by servants in, iv, 231. Premises in a deed, ii, 298. misbehavior of officers of, iv, 234. Prerogative, different kinds of, i, 239. examining correspondence in, i, 322, n. limited, i, 141. Posthumous children, i, 130; ii, 160. review of its progress, i, 336; iv, 431, 432. Pound, iii, 12. causes of its increase and decline, iv, 433. breach, what, and remedies for, iii, 146. contempts against, iv, 122. troy, of gold and silver, i, 276, n. offences relating to coin and treason, iv., Poundage, i, 316; iv, 437. 98-100.. Powdike, cutting, iv, 244. offences against king's council, iv, 100. Power of appointment, how executed by will, other offences against, iv, 101-103. iio 379, n. title to chattels by, ii, 408. Of the crown, i, 250. (See "Crown.") sovereign, where lodged, i, 51. Prerogative court, ii, 509; iii, 65, 77, n. in America, i, 49, n., 52, n. Prescription, title by, ii, 28, 263, 264, 266, n. Poyning's, laws, i, 102, 103. abandonment of right by, ii, 264, n. Practice in equity, iii, 442, et sg. none, of right arising by record, ii, 265. injunction, iii, 442-443. in gross, ii, 266, n. filing bill and subpoena, iii, 443. donative advowson by, ii, 23. officers of court, iii, 443. discharge from tithes, ii, 28 et seq. affidavits, iii, 443. commencement of time of legal memory, answer, iii, 443, 447. ii, 31. process of contempt, iii, 443, 444. in respect of common, ii, 33; iii, 238. appearance, iii, 443, 445. to right of way, ii, 36. commission of rebellion, iii, 444. for pews, ii, 429. sequestration, id. franchises, fisheries, &c., ii, 38 et seq. taking bill pro confesso, id. corporation by, i, 473. process against corporation by distringas, not applicable to highways, ii, 35, n. iii, 455. Presentation to benefice, i, 389. process against peer or member of parlia- (See "Advowson.") ment, id. Presentment of offences, iv, 301. defendant's pleading, id. President of the council, i, 230. amendments, iii, 446, 488. of corporations, i, 478. hearing of cause, iii, 488, 450, 451. of the United States, i, 214, n. examination of witnesses, iii, 449. oath of office of, i, 235, n. publication of evidence, id. cabinet of, i, 232, n. dismissing bills for want of prosecution, impeachment of, i, 246, n. iii, 451. approval of bills by, i, 185, n. subpcena to hear judgment, id. Press, liberty of, iv, 151 decree, interlocutory or final, iii, 451, 453. Pressing to death, iv, 328. decree against infant, iii, 430, n. of seamen, i, 419. costs, iii, 451. Presumption, iii, 371. feigned issue, iii, 452. of a grant, ii, 31, n., 35, n., 266, n. reference to master, iii, 453. of corporate grant, i, 473. master's report, id. of death, ii, 177, n. final decree, id. Presumptive evidence of felony, iv, 353. rehearing, id. heir, ii, 208. appeal, iii, 453, 454. Pretended titles, selling or buying, iv, 136. enforcement of decree, iii, 453. Pretender and his sons, relating to, enrolment of decree, id. iv, 91. bill of review, iii, 454. Prevention of crimes, iv, 251. new evidence on appeal, iii, 455. homicide in, iv, 180. Prfecipe, ii, 350; iii, 195, 274. Priest, i, 388. tenant to, ii, 358; iii, 182. (See "Roman Catholics.") Praemunire, iv, 103, 428. Primarise preces, i, 381. Prtetor's edicts, i, 80. Primer fine, ii, 350. Prayer in aid, iii, 299. Primer seisin, ii, 66, 87; iv, 418. Preamble of statute, i, 60, n. Primogeniture, i, 194; ii, 56; iv, 421. Pre-audience, iii, 28. Prince of Wales, i, 94, 223. Prebendary, i, 383. Princes and princesses of the royal blood, i, Precedence, how settled, i, 272; iii, 105. 226. of royal family, i, 225. Princess of Wales, i, 94, 223. table of, i, 405, n. ; iii, 257. violation of, iv, 81. letters patent of, iii, 28. Principal and accessory, iv, 34 et seg. among bishops, i, 380, n. principals, iv, 34. Precedents, authority of, i, 70, n. accessories, iv, 35. in equity, iii, 432. what offences admit of, id. Precept of election to parliament, i, 177. before the fact, iv, 36. 606 INDEX.

Principal and accessory, after the fact, iv, 37. Progress of the laws, iv, 407. punishment of, iv, 39. Prohibition, writ of, iii, 112. Principal challenge, iii, 363. to what courts may issue, id. Prints, copyright in, ii, 407. in what cases, id. Priority of debts, ii, 511. procedure upon, iii, 113. Priors, i, 155. Promise, what it is, iii, 158. Prisage, i, 314. (See "Contract.") Prison of the Fleet, iii, 444. remedy for breach of, id. breach of, iv, 130. Promissory note, ii, 467. Prisoner, insolvent, relief of, ii, 488. (See "Bill of Exchange.") of war, ii, 402 ; iii, 132, n. Promulgation of laws, i, 45,185, n. Prisons, regulation of, iv, 377. Proof, when positive, required, iii, 370. Prit, iv, 339. generally, iii, 368. Private act of parliament, i, 86; ii, 344. in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 100. nuisance, iii, 216. Proper feuds, ii, 58. property, rights to, i, 138. Property, rights to, in general, i, 138; ii, 8, n., persons, arrest by, iv, 293. 12, 197. ways, ii, 35 and n. origin of rights of alienation and descent, (See "Ways.") ii, 9. Privateering, i, 259, n. some things still in common, ii, 14. Privately stealing from the person, iv, 242. title by occupancy, ii, 400. Privies to a fine, ii, 355. division according to nature of subject and bound by estoppel. estate therein, ii, 16, n. (See "Estoppel.") realty and personalty, ii, 16. Privilege, king, the fountain of, i, 272. right of presentation to church, ii, 23. of parliament, i, 164-167. in water, ii, 18. bill of, iii, 289. in things personal, ii, 389 et seq. from arrest, id. in animals, ii, 389, 402. Privileged places, iv, 129. qualified, limited or special, ii, 391, 396. Privilegia, i, 46. in personalty, as to time of enjoyment and Privilegium clericale, iv, 365. number of owners, ii, 398. Privy council, i, 229-232, 280, n. (See "Personalty.") judicial committee of, i, 231, n., 280, n.; iii, injuries to, iii, 144, 167. 69, n. crimes against, iv, 230 et seq. appeal to, in lunacy, iii, 427. tax, i, 314, n. Privy councillor, killing or attempting to kill, Prophecies, pretended, iv, 149. i, 232; iv, 100. Proprietary governments in America, i, 109. Privy purse, i, 334. Proprietate probanda, writ de, iii, 148. Privy seal and signet, ii, 347. Prorogation of parliament, i, 187. forging, iv, 89. Prosecution by the king i, 268. Privy verdict, iii, 377; iv, 360. expenses of, iv, 362. Prize, of enemy's goods, &c., 1,259; ii, 401. of offenders, different modes of, iv, 301. court, iii, 70, n. malicious, iii, 126. commission of, iii, 69. Prostitutes, vagrants, iv, 170. admiralty court no jurisdiction as to, iii, Protection of children, i, 450. 70, n. of ambassadors, i, 254. Probable cause, iii, 126, n. writ of, iii, 289. Probate, ii, 494, 507; iii, 98. Protector or regent, 1, 248. (See" Wills.") Protest of bill of exchange, ii, 467, n., 469. court of, iii, 67, n., 95, n. of peers, i, 168. Procedendo, writ of, i, 353; iii, 109. Protestant dissenters, iv, 53. Process, iii, 279, 286. succession, i, 216, 217; iv, 90. in equity, iii, 426, 443. treason against, iv, "90. former, abolished and new writs substituted, Protestation, iii, 311. iii, 287, n. Province, i, 111. Prochein ami, i, 464. Provincial constitutions, i, 82. Proclamation by the king, i, 270,271 ; iv, 431. governments in America, i, 109. of estrays, i, 298. Provisions, papal, i, 60; iv, 107. writ of, iii, 284. selling unwholesome, iv, 162. in outlawry, iv, 319. forestalling, &c., iv, 158. under the riot act, iv, 143. warranty in sale of, ii, 451, n. on attachment in chancery, iii, 444. Proviso, trial by, iii, 357. Proctor, iii, 25. Provisors, statutes against, iv, 100 et seq. Procuration money, iv, 157. Proxies in house of lords, i, 168. Prodigals, i, 305. Puberty, age of, iv, 22. Profanity, iv, 59. Public act of parliament, i, 85. Profert in curia, iii, App. debts, i, 328-331. Profession of arms, i, 408. companies, stock in, may be charged with religious i, 133. judgment debt, iii, 419, n. Profits of courts, i, 289. policy, excludes copyright in immoral work, Progress, royal, iv, 411. iii, 407, n. INDEX.'

Public verdict, iii, 377; iv, 360. Queen regnant, i, 219. Publication of deposition, iii, 450. her attorney and solicitor, i, 219; iii, 28. Pueritia, iv, 22. her revenue, i, 219. Puis darrein continuance, plea of, iii, 315,817. regnant's husband, i, 222. Puisne barons of exchequer, iii, 44. consort, compassing or imagining her death, judges, iii, 40, 41. iv, 76. Pulling down churches, houses, &c., iv, 143. violating, iv, 81. Pulsation, iii, 120. offences against person of, not treasonable, Punishment, nature of, i, 133; iv, 7. iv, 102, n. capital, iv, 9, 18, 236. Question or torture, iv, 325. certainty of, iv, 377. Qui tam actions, iii, 160; iv, 307. end and purpose of, iv, 11, 252. Quia dominus remisit curiam, iii, 195. mode of inflicting, iv, 258. , statute of, ii, 91, 102; iv, measure of, iv, 12. 426. power of punishing, iv, 7. Quick with child, plea of, iv, 895. severity of, iii, 404; iv, 16. uinto exactus, iii, 283; iv, 319. (See " Correction.") uit rents, ii, 42. Pur auter vie, estate in. uo minus, writ of, iii, 45, n. (See "Estate.") in exchequer, iii, 286. Purchase, i, 215. Quod ei deforciat, writ of, iii, 193. distinguished from escheat and descent, ii, Quod nocumentum amoveatur, iii, 418. 201, 241, 243, 245. Quod permittat, iii, 240. rule in Shelley's Case, ii, 242. Quod permittat prostenere, iii, 221. modes of taking by, ii, 244. Quorum, i, 351. heir taking by, ii, 240, n. clause in commissions, id. of writs, iii, 273, 274. in corporations, i, 478, n. Purgatio vulgaris, iv, 342. of house of peers, iii, 56, n. Purgation, canonical, iii, 842; iv, 868. Quo wairranto, writ of, iii, 262. oath of, iii, 100, 447. information in nature of, i, 485; iii, 262; iv, Purlieu, ii, 419, n. 311, 441. Purpresture, iv, 167. used in corporation disputes, iii, 263. Pursuit of remedies, iii, 270. within what time to be brought, iii, 264. Purveyance, i, 287; iv, 116, 424, 439. Putting in fear, iv, 242. Rabbits, taking, &c., iv, 235. Quadruplicatio, iii, 810. Racing, when unlawful, iv, 178. Qualification for killing game. iv, 175. Rack, iv, 825. of electors to parliament, i, 171, 175. Rack rent, ii, 43. of justices of the peace, i, 852. Rail, stealing of, iv, 233. of members of parliament, i, 175. destroying and injuries, iv, 247. of jurors, iii, 362; iv, 852. Railroads, ii, 35, n., iv; 443, n. Qualified fee, ii, 109. Ransom, illegal, ii, 402; iii, 436; iv, 67, 880. (See "Estate.") Rape of women, iv, 210. property, ii, 391. evidence in, iv, 213. Quantum meruit, iii, 161. assault to commit, iv, 217. valebat, id. appeal of, iv, 314. Quarantine, irregularity in, iv, 161. Rape in counties, i, 117. of widow, ii, 135. Rapina, iv, 248. Quare ejecit infra termino, writ of, iii, 199. Rasure in deed, ii, 308. when it lies, iii, 206. Rationabili parte, writ de, iii, 194. abolished, iii, 207, n. Rationabili parte bonorum, writ de, ii, 492. Quare clausum fregit, iii, 281. Ravishment of children, iii, 141 ; iv, 212. Quare impedit, writ of, iii, 246-251. of ward, iii, 141. costs in, iii, 249. of wife, iii, 139. execution in, iii, 412. Reading on claim of clergy, iv, 367,441 Quare incumbravit, iii, 248. Real actions, iii, 117, 177, 198, 232. Quare non admissit, iii, 250. Real property, annuity of inheritance is not, uarreling in church or church yard, iv, 146. ii, 41, n. Quartering of soldiers, i, 414, 415. what is an interest in land, ii, 806, n. Quartering traitors, iv, 93, 377. (See "Property.") Quarter sessions, court of, iv, 271. Reasonable part, ii, 492, 516 ; iv, 408, 424. appeal to, iii, 455. estovers. Quarto die post, iii, 278. (See "Estovers.") Quashing, iii, 303; iv, 321. Re-assurance, ii, 460. Quays, i, 264. Rebellion, commission of, iii, 444. Que estate, ii, 264. Rebutter, iii, 310. Queen, i, 219. Recall of subjects from abroad, i, 265; iv, 122, (See "Crown," "King.") 160. Anne's bounty, i, 286 ; ii, 273. Recaption, iii, 3; iv, 868. consort, i, 220. rights of, how exercised, iii, 4. dowager, i, 224. writ of, iii, 151. husband of, id. Receipt, forgery of, iv, 250 and n. 608 INDEX.

Receipt of part of a debt in satisfaction of all, Release, by way of enlargement, ii, 324. 16, 23. lease and, ii, 339. Receiving stolen goods, offence of, iv, 132, 133. per mitter 'estate, ii, 324. letters, iv, 234, n. per mitter le droit, ii, 325. Recitals in a deed, ii, 297. by extinguishment, id. Recognizance, ii, 341, 465. by entry and feoffment, id. for the peace or good behavior, iv, 252. Relction, ii, 261, n. to prosecute, iv, 296. Reliefs, ii, 56, 65, 87; iv, 418, 420. to give evidence, id. Religion, offences against, iv, 43 et seq. -Recompense in value, ii, 359. Religious impostures, iv, 61, 62. Reconciliation to the pope, &c., iv, 87. societies in United States, i, 376, n. Record, i, 69; iii, 24, 317; iv, 426. Rem, information in, iii, 262. is tried by nothing but itself, iii, 24. Remainders, ii, 163. when may be disputed, iii, 24, n. fee limited in remainder on a fee, H 165. for the assizes, iii, 356. alternative contingent, id. transcript of, to be annexed to writ of error, freehold in futuro, id. iii, 400, n. particular estate, ii, 166, 167. alienation by, ii, 344. vested or contingent, ii, 168, 169. debts of, ii, 465. possibility upon a possibility, ii, 169. no prescription of right by, ii, 265. conveyance of contingent estates, ii, 290, n. embezzling, &c., iv, 128. destruction of, ii, 117, 119, 171, 354, n. courts of, iii, 24, 34, 406. trustees to preserve contingent, ii, 171. nisi prius, iii, 356. executory devises, ii, 172 et seq. trial by, iii, 330. rule in Shelley's Case, ii, 172, n. Recordari facias loquelam, iii, 34, 195. rule against perpetuities, ii, 174. Recoupment, iii, 306, n. distinguished from conditional limitations, Recoveries, ii, 357 et seq. ii, 156. common, invention of, ii, 116, 270. distinguished from reversions, ii, 176. vouchers in, ii, 358-360. cross, implication of, ii, 381. regarded as common assurances, ii, 360. in personalty, ii, 398. tenant to the precipe, ii, 362. formedon in, iii, 192. deeds to lead or declare the uses of, ii, 363. Remainder-man, defence of freehold by, iii, 204. abolished, ii, 364, n. may cause tenant for life to be produced, of copyholds, ii, 371 ; iii, 166. iii, 211. Recreant, iii, 340; iv, 348. Remedial part of laws, i, 55; iii, 23. Rector of a church, i, 384. statute, i, 86, 88. Rectorial tithes, i, 388. Remitter, iii, 189, 190. Recusants, popish, iv, 56, 124. what it is, iii, 19. Recusatio judicis, iii, 361. reason of, iii, 20. Reddendum, ii, 299. to owner of stolen goods, ii, 450. Re-disseisin, writ of, iii, 188. Remoteness, rule against, ii, 174. Reditus, ii, 57. (See "Rent.") Removal, fraudulent, iii, 11. of poor, i, 364. Re-entry on land, iii, 4. Renewals of copyholds for lives, ii, 98. after exchange, on eviction, ii, 323. Rent, origin of, ii, 41, 57,86, 299. Reeve land, ii, 48, n., 90. rent-service, rent-charge and rent-seek, ii, Reference to master, iii, 453. 41 et seq. Reform acts, i, 157, n., 159, n., 172, n., 175, n. rent of assize, quit rents, rack rents and fee Reformation of religion, iv, 430. farm rents, ii, 42. Refusal of a clerk, i, 389. distinguished from annuity, ii, 41. Regalia majora et minora, i, 241. reservation of, ii, 297. Regard, court of, iii, 72. incident to the reversion, ii, 176. Regent, i, 248 and n. rent-service may issue out of tithes, ii, 42, n. queen, i, 219. none out of personalty, id. Register of seamen, i, 419. when and where payable, ii, 43; iii, 10, n. of mariners, iii, 105. appointment of, ii, 43, n., 124. falsifying, iv, 163. extinguishment of, ii, 43. Registrum omnium brevium, iii, 183. limitation of right to recover arrears, ii, 266,n. Registry of conveyances, ii, 342. remedy for, iii, 6, 206, 231 ; iv, 441. Regrating, iv, 160. action of debt for, iii, 231. Rehearing in equity, iii, 453. to be paid by sheriff, iii, 417. Rejoinder, iii, 310. Repair of way, ii, 36, n. Relation back, of title of bankrupt's assignees, of leasehold premises, ii, 144, n. ii, 485, 486, n. Repleader, when it will be awarded, il, 395. of judgment, iii, 420, 421. Replevin, in forfeiture, iii, 13, 170. iv, 381, 386, 387. how made, iii, 147. Relations, domestic, 1,422-466. action of, when may be brought, iii, 146. public, i, 146. proceedings in, iii, 149. Relative rights and duties, i, 123, 146. execution in, iii, 413. Relatives, defence of, iii, 3. bond, iii, 147. Relator, iii, 264, 427; iv, 308. Replication, iii, 309. VOL. IL- 77 INDEX.

Replication in equity, iii, 448. Reviling church ordinances, iv, 50 in criminal cases. iv, 339. Revivor in equity, iii, 448. Reports of adjudged cases, i, 71. Revocation of uses, ii, 385, 389. by master, iii, 453. of wills, ii, 876, 502. Representation not delegation, i, 159. Revolution of 1688, i, 211 ; iv, 440. in descent of the crown, i, 194, 201. Reward, taking of, to help to stolen goods, iv, in descent of real property, ii, 216, 219. 132. of facts, distinguished from warranty, ii, for apprehending offenders, iv, 294, 295. 460, n. for discovering accomplices, iv, 331. in distribution, ii, 517. Rhuddland, statute of, i, 94. Reprieves, iv, 394. Ridings, i, 117. Reprisals on foreigners, i, 258. Right, nature and varieties of, ii, 8, n., 15, n., 197 of goods, &c., iii, 4. of property and possession, ii, 196. Republication of Wills, i, 502. release and extinguishment of, i, 325. Repugnant conditions, ii, 156. of advowson, writ of, iii, 243, 250. Reputation, protection of, i, 134; iii, 123. close, writ of,ii, 99; iii, 34, 195. Requests, court of, i, 230; iii, 51, 81. where there is a legal, there is also a legal Rere fiefs, ii, 57. remedy, iii, 23. Rescous, what and how remedied, iii, 146. writ of, iii, 192. Rescripts of the emperor, i, 58. when must formerly have been brought, iii, Rescue, when it may be made, iii, 12, 170; iv, 190. 125, 131. in what court proceedings upon, iii, 195. Reservations, ii, 299. patent, writ of, iii, 141. Residence of spiritual persons, i, 390, 392. of dower, writ of, iii, 183. Resignation, i, 382, 393. of ward, writ of, iii, 141. legality of engagements to resign a living, petition of, iii, 256. ii, 280. Rights of persons and rights of things, iii, 2. Resistance, right of, 1, 251 ; iv, 436, 440. of persons, absolute and relative, iii,119. must not exceed bounds of mere defence and wrongs, i, 122; iii, 2. and protection, iii, 4 and n. absolute, i, 123-125. Respite of jury, iii, 854. bill of, i, 128, 142, n. ; iv, 440. Respondentia, ii, 458, 461. how secured, i, 141. Respondeat ouster, judgment of, iii, 303, 396; personal, i, 129. iv, 338. petition of. i, 128; iv, 437. Restitution of temporalities, i, 380; iv, 421. political, i, 129-145. in blood, &c., iv, 402. relative, i, 146. of conjugal rights, iii, 94. to property, i, 138. of stolen goods, iv, 362. Riot, iv, 125, 142, 146. writ of, iv, 188, 863. act, iv, 142. 143, 440. Restoration of 1660, i, 210; iv, 488. Riotous assemblies felonious, iv, 142 Restraining statute, i, 87; ii, 320; iv, 482. River, title to land left by, ii, 261. Resulting use, on a conveyance, ii, 296, n. 1, Rivers, annoyances in, iv, 167, n. 335; iv, 430. banks, destroying of, iv. 144. Retainder of debts, ii, 511 ; iii, 18. sluices on, destroying, id. executor of his own wrong cannot retain, thefts on navigable, iv, 239. iii, 19. nuisances to navigation, iii, 5, n. of servant, iii, 142. Roads, ii, 85, n., 36, n. Retaliation, law of, iv, 12. (See "Highway.") Retorno habendo, plegli de, iii, 147. Robbery, iv, 242, 244, n. writ de, iii, 150, 413. (See "Larceny.") Retraxit, iii, 296, 395. there must be a taking, iv, 243. Retrospective legislation, i, 91, n. not material when taken, id. Return days, iii, 275. must be a force or putting in fear, id. false or double, i, 180; iii, 111, 372. punishment, iv, 245 and n. irreplevisable, writ of, iii, 150. assaulting, with intent to rob, id of writs, iii, 273,275. Roguery, incorrigible, iv, 169, n. Revealed law of God, i, 42. Rogues, iv, 169. Revenue, extraordinary, i, 807. (See "Vagrants.") ordinary, i, 281. Rolls, master of, iii, 451. jurisdiction of exchequer, iii, 428. Roman law. causes, trial of, iv, 281. (See "Civil Law.") officers, assaults on, iv, 155 and n. division of money and interest, i, 462. Reversal of judgment, iii, 411 ; iv, 390. Roman Catholics, disabilities of, ii, 257, 293; of outlawry, iii, 284 ; iv, 320, 362. iv, 55. Reversion, ii, 111, 175. relief from disabilities, i, 368, n. ; ii, 257, n. incidents to, fealty and rent, ii, 175. schools of, i, 451. merger, ii, 177. members of parliament, i, 163, n. Reverter, formedon in, iii, 192. rights and protection of, iv, 58. Review, commission of, iii, 67. patrons, rights of universities to benefices court of, iii, 428, n. belonging to, iii, 251. bill of, iii, 454. guardians, i, 462, n. 610 INDEX.

Rome, appeals to, in ecclesiastical cases, iii, 66. Scot or assessment, iii, 74. Romney marsh, laws of. iii, 74. Scotch peers, election of, i, 169; iv, 117. Roots, destroying, iv, 246. privileges of, i, 97, 99,165,401, n. stealing, iv, 233. Scotland, i, 95-98. Rope dancers, iv, 168. arrest of offenders in, iv, 292., Routs, iv, 146. offences committed in, iv, 304. Royal assent to bills, i, 185. Scripture, scoffing at; iv, 59. authority, i, 250. Scutage, i, 310; ii, 74. dignity, i, 241. Se defendendo, homicide, i, 180; iii, 3; iv, 182. family, i, 218, 224. Sea, title to land left by, ii, 261. marriages, i, 225; iv, 117. rights of fishing, ii, 39, 40. fish, i, 223, 290; ii, 403. banks, destroying, iv, 144. forests, i, 289. marks, i, 264. income, i, 332, 834. destroying, i, 294. liability, i, 243. Seal, great and privy, ii, 346, 847; iii, 46. mines, i, 295. counterfeiting the king's, iv, 83, 89. perfection, i, 246. of a corporation, i, 475. perpetuity, i, 249. Sealing of a deed, ii, 305. prerogative, i, 237. Seamen, i, 420. revenue, i, 281. impressment of, id. sovereignty, i, 241. wages of, iii, 107. ubiquity, 1, 267. counterfeiting will or powers of, iv, 248. Rule in Shelley's Case, ii, 172, n., 242. personation of, iv, 249. of court, iii, 304. Second deliverance, writ of, iii, 150. Rural dean, i, 383. Surcharge, writ of, iii, 239. deanery, i, 111. Secretaries of state, i, 338. Rider to a bill, i, 183. Secta, iii, 295, 344. ad molendinum, iii, 235. Sabbath breaking, iv, 63. Secunda superoneratione, iii, 239. Sacrament, reviling of, iv, 50. Security of person, i, 129. Sacramentum decisionis, iii, 342. for good behavior, iv, 251, 256. Safe conducts, i, 259, 260; iv, 68. for the peace, iv, 251, 254. Saint Martin le grand, court of, iii, 80. for money, iii, 439. Saladine tenth, i, 309. (Se "Bond" " Mortgage," " Statute.") Sale of chattels, ii, 9, 446. Seduction , action, for, iii, 140, n. after execution, ii, 447. public offence of, iv, 64. of distress, iii, 14. of women and children, iv, 209, 212. what contracts of, to be in writing, ii, 448. of soldiers and sailors, iv, 102. effect of part execution, id. of artificers, iv. 160. of earnest, ii, 447. Seisin, formerly important in descents, ii, 208, delivery, ii, 448, 449. 209, n. when property passes, ii, 448. in deed, ii, 209. when right of possession passes, ii, 449. livery of, ii, 311. stoppage in transitu, id. in one's demesne, ii, 105. of goods to be manufactured, id. of incorporeal hereditaments, ii, 106. bill of lading, id. writ of, ii, 359; ill, 412. vendor's lien, id. Seisin of heriots, iii, 15, of horses, ii, 450. Selden, conduct of judges upon committal of, of stolen goods, ii. 449. iii, 134. warranty of title, ii, 451. Selecti judices of the Romans, iii, 866. of quality, id. Self-defence, excuse for breaches of peace, iii, 3. Salt duty, i, 322. in homicide, i, 130; iii, 8; iv, 188 Salvage, i, 293; ii, 458, 460. Self-murder, iv, 189. Sanction of laws, i, 56. Semi-plena probatio, iii, 870. Sanctuary, iv, 832, 365, 436. Senatus consulta, i.80, 86. Sark, Isle of, i, 107. Senatus decreta, i,86. Satisdatio, iii, 291. Separate estate of wife, ii, 293, n. Satisfaction, entry on record, iii, 421; iv, 428. Septennial elections, i, 189. Saxon laws, i, 64; iv, 410, 412. Sequestration, iii, 417,444, 445. Scale of crimes and punishments, iv, 18. Sergeant at law, i, 24; iii, 26, 28. Scandal and impertinence in pleading, iii, 442. premier, iii, 28. Scandalum magnatum, i, 402; iii, 123. at arms, iii, 444. Schire-men, i, 398. Sergeantry, ii, 73, 77, 81. Schoolmaster, i, 453; iv, 54. Servants, i, 423. Sciences, auxiliary to study of the law. i, 33. battery of, iii, 142. Scire facias to repeal patents, iii, 47, 260, 861. characters to, iii, 125. against bail, iii, 416. fires by negligence of, i, 432; iv, 222. in detinue, iii, 413. husbandry, i, 425. to remove usurper's clerk, iii, 248. liability of, i, 429. to revive judgment, iii, 421. master of, when answerable for, i, 430, 431; Scold, common, iv, 169. iii, 153. INDEX.

Servants, menial, i, 425. Signature by a mark, ii, 305, 377, n. retainer of, id. to deed, ii, 305. duties of, i, 327. Signet, privy, ii, 347. embezzlement by, iv, 231. Significavit, iii, 102. larceny by, iv, 230. Similitude of handwriting, iv, 358. of ambassador, i, 256. Simony, i, 389, 393; ii, 278 et seq. ; iv, 62. Service, incidents of, i, 427. Simple contract, ii, 465. Services, ii, 41, 60. (See "Parol.") (See "Tenure.") Sinecure, i, 386. subtraction of, iii, 234. Single combat iv. 346. remedy for, iii, 235. Si non omnes, writ of, iii, 60. Session of gaol delivery, iv, 270. Six clerks, iii, 443, 451. great, of Wales, iii, 77. Skins, exporting of, iii, 154. of parliament, i, 186, 187. Slander, iii, 123. formerly one day, i, 46, n. when actionable, iii, 124. of oyer and terminer, iv, 270. when republication of, may be justified, iii, quarter, iv, 271, 274. 124, n. Set-off, iii, 304; iv, 442. truth as a justification, iii, 125. must be pleaded, iii, 304, n. when words privileged, iii, 125. in bankruptcy, ii, 487, n. mitigation of damages in, iii, 125, n. Settlement of the crown, i, 128, 216; iv, 440. Slavery, i, 418, 423. of the poor, i, 362, 364. abolition of, i, 423, n., 425, n. marriage, trustees to preserve contingent Slaves, i, 127 and n., 423-425; ii, 402. remainders, ii, 171. Sluices on rivers, destroying, iv, 144. protector of, ii, 364, n. Small debts, courts for, iii, 81; iv, 441. of personalty, ii, 398. Small debtor's act, iii, 488, n. Severalty, estate in, ii, 179. Small tithes, i, 388. Severance of joint estate, ii, 186. Smells, offensive, iii, 217. Severity of punishments, impolicy of, iv, 16. Smoke farthings, i, 324. Sewers, commissioners of, iii, 73. Smuggling, i, 318; iv, 155. Sextons, i, 395. Socage, free and , ii, 78 et seq.; iv, 409. Sheep, &c., stealing, and killing with intent guardian in, i, 461. to steal, iv, 239. Society, origin and nature of, i, 47; ii, 8. Shelley's Case, rule in, ii, 172, n., 242. Sodomy, offence of, iv, 215. Shepway, court of, iii, 79. soliciting to commit, iv, 215. Sheriff, i, 117, 339 ; iv, 292, 413, 428. assault to commit, iv, 217. duration of office, i, 342. sending letters charging party with, iv, 144. duties and powers, i, 343. Sodor and Man. bishopric of, i, 106, 112. how chosen, i, 339. Sokeman, ii, 100. officers, i, 345. Soldiers, i, 179, 408. trial before, iii, 61, n. wandering, iv, 164. official misfeasance or nonfeasance, iii, 163. quartering, i, 414, 415. obliged to take bail, iii, 289. Solicitor, iii, 26. responsible if bail not put in to action, iii, general, iii, 27. 290. Son assault demesne, iii, 120, 306. return of jurors by, iii, 358, n. ; iv, 350. Sorcery, iv, 60. liability for escape of prisoner, iii, 415. South Sea Company, misbehavior of officers cannot retake prisoner after voluntary es- of, iv, 231, n., 234. cape, 415. fund, i, 331. when excused for negligence, id. Sovereign power, where lodged, i, 51. Sheriff's court in London, iii, 80. in America, i, 52, n. Sheriff's tourn, iW,273, 411, 424. Sovereignty, royal, i, 242. Ship, prize and ransom of, ii, 401, 402. Speaker of each house of parliament, i, 181. bottomry and respondentia, ii, 4,57-461. Speaking with prosecutor, iv, 363. insurance, ii, 458. Special bailiffs, i, 345. in distress, plundering, i, 293. bail, iii, 287. money, iv, 437. statute, i, 86. seizeUas prize, remedy for, iv, 69. sessions, iv, 272. plundering in distress, iv, 235. verdict, iii, 377; iv, 306. burning, destroying, &c., iv, 246. warrant, iv, 291. burning, &c., king's ships, iv, 102, 245. administrator, ii, 506. Shipwrecks, i, 291. imparlance, iii, 306. Shire, i, 116. property, ii, 391. Shooting at another, iv, 207. Special case, verdict subject to, iii, 377. Shop books, iii, 368. stating for the opinion of the court, iii 377, n. Shroud, stealing of, iv, 235. Special jury, when had, iii, 357. Shrubs, destroying, iv, 246. how struck, id. stealing, iv, 233. certificate that cause required, iii, 367, n. Si fecerit te securm, iii, 274. Special plea, iii, 305. Sign manual, ii, 347. Specialty, ii, 465; iii, 155. lorgery of, iv, 89, 93, n. Specific performance of contract, iii, 438. 612 INDEX.

Specific performance of agreement to arbi- Stranger, when his goods or chattels may be trate, iii, 17. n. distrained, iii, 8. Spiriting away persons, iv, 219. Stream of water, property in, ii, 18, n., 266, Spiritual corporations, i, 470. n., 402. courts, i, 61; iii, 61. Striking in the king's palace or courts, iv, lords, i, 155, 157. 125, 276. persons, i, 376. Study of the law, to whom essential, i, 6-16. Spoliation, remedy for, iii, 90. discouragements of, i, 31. Sporting, restrictions upon, ii, 413. uses of, i, 6. Springing uses, ii, 334. in the universities, i, 16, 26-37. Squibs, nuisance by, iv, 168. mode of commencing, i, 31. Stabbing, iv, 193. should be combined with other studies, i, Stage plays, when a nuisance, iv, 167. 27, 33. Stamp duties, i, 323; iii, 323. formerly restrained in London, i, 24. on deed, &c., ii, 297. neglected in the universities, i, 4. on bill of exchange, ii, 469. Style, new and old, ii, 140, n. forgery of, iv, 249. Subinfeudations, statute against, ii, 91, 102. when material in forgery, &c., iv, 247, 248. Subjection, civil, excuse from crime by, iv, 28. Standard of coin, i, 278. Submission to arbitration, iii, 16. of weights and measures, i, 274, 275; iv, 275. Subornation of perjury, iv, 137. Standing armies, i, 413, 414. Subpoena ad testificandum, writ of, iii, 369. Stannary courts, iii, 80. duces tecum, iii, 382. Staple commodities, i, 315. in equity, iii, 442, 443. Star chamber, court of, i, 230; iii, 445; iv, writ of, by whom devised, iii, 51. 266, 310, 429, 433, 437. opposition to, in parliament, iii, 52. Stated damages, iii, 435. Subscriptions unlawful, iv, 117. Statute, i, 85. Subsequent, condition, ii, 154. equity of, i, 62, n. evidence, iii, 403, 454. how passed, i, 181. Subsidies, ecclesiastical, i, 312. guardian by, i, 462. lay, i, 308, 311; iv, 423. labor, i, 58,358. on exports and imports, i, 316. law, i, 85. Subtraction of fealty, suit of court and rent, private, ii, 344. iii, 230. when applicable to copyhold, ii, 113. remedy for, by distress, iii, 231. of distributions, ii, 515. of conjugal rights, iii, 94. de religiosis, ii, 270. of legacies, iii, 98. of frauds, of tithes, iii, 88, 102. (See "Frauds, Statute of.") Succession to the crown, history of, i, 197; iv. merchant, ii, 160; iv, 426, 431. 440. staple, id. title to personalty by, ii, 430. Statutes, rules for construction of, i, 87-91. Sufferance, estate at, ii, 150. division of, i, 85, 86. Suffrage, who entitled to, i, 172, n. how enrolled, i, 182, n. Suggestion for prohibition, iii, 113. how stated, 1, 85, n. prosecution by, iv, 309. of mortmain, i, 108, n., 479, Suicide, iv, 189. promulgation of, i, 45, 185, n. abetting, is murder, when, iv, 189, n., 200. in pari materia, i, 60, n. forfeiture of goods on, ii, 409. preambles of, i, 60, n. suit at law, iii, 116. penal, how construed, i, 86. Suit, general and orderly parts of, ill, 272. Staundforde, i, 72. when abated by death of party, iii, 301, Stealing an heiress, iv, 209 and n. 399, n. (See "Larceny.") in equity, iii, 442. Step-children i, 449, n. of court, how compelled, iii, 231. Sterling, i, 278. of witnesses, iii. 295. Steward, i, 427. Summary convictions, iv, 280 et 8eq. lord high, his court, iii, 37; iv, 260, 261,263. Summoners, iii, 279. of the household, his court, iii, 76; iv, 276. Summons, iii, 279. of the university, his court, iv, 277. to parliament, i, 149, 150. Stipend, curate's remedy for non-payment before conviction, iv, 281. of, ii, 90 and n. Sumptuary laws, iv, 170. Stipulatio, iii, 291. Sunday, no judicial day, iii, 278, 290. Stipulation in admiralty court, iii, 108. rule when paper falls due upon, ii, 469, n. Stirpes, claim per, ii, 217, 517. business and entertainments on, iv, 64. Stocks, punishment of, iv, 377. Sabbath breaking generally, iv, 63. Stolen goods, receiving, &c., iv, 132,238. Supersedeas, writ of, i, 353. taking reward to help to, iv, 131. Superstitious uses, ii, 272; iii, 428. sale of, ii, 449. Supplemental bill, iii, 448. stolen marriages, iv, 209. Suppletory oath, iii, 370. Stoppage in transitu, ii, 448, n.; iii, 305. Supplicavit, iv, 253. Stores, embezzling the king's, iv, 101. Supplies, i, 308, 313. receiving stolen, iv, 133. Support of land, right to, ii, 36, n. 613 INDEX.

Support of children by parents, i, 447, 458. Tenement, ii, 16, 59, 102. of parents by children, i, 453. Tenemental lands, ii, 90, 93. of the poor, i, 359. Tenendum, ii, 298. Supremacy, oath of, i, 368 and n; iv, 115, 420. Tenths, ecclesiastical, i, 284; iv, 309. Supreme magistrate, i, 146. temporal, i, 309; iv, 107. power, i, 49, 146. Tenure, ancient English, ii, 59 et seq. Surcharge of common, iii, 237. lord paramount and , ii, 59. Sur disclaimer, iii, 253, n. tenant paravail and tenant in capite, ii, 60. Surgeon, liability of, for negligence, &c., iii, statute quia emptores, ii, 91, 102. 122. lay tenure, ii, 60. Sur-rebutter, iii, 310. free and base services, ii, 60, 61, 79. Sur-rejoinder, iii, 310. certain and uncertain services, ii, 61, 79. Surrenders, ii, 326. frank tenement and villeinage, id. in law, ii, 326, n. tenure in chivalry, ii, 61. of copyholds, ii, 366. incidents to knight service, ii, 63 e seq. Surveyors of highways, i, 357. aids, ii, 63, 86. Survivorship, ii, 183, 399 ; iii, 163, 164. reliefs, ii, 65, 87. Suspension of habeas corpus, i, 136. primer seisin or first fruits, ii, 66, 87. of action for civil injury in case of felony, wardship, ii, 67, 87. iii, 119. court of wards and liveries, ii, 69. Sus. per col., iv, 403. knighthood, id. Sussex, marriage of duke of, 1, 226, n. marriage of ward, ii, 70, 88. Swans, ii, 392; iv, 236. fines for alienation, ii, 71, 89. Swearing, profane, iv, 60. attornment, ii, 72. the peace, iv, 255. escheat, ii, 72, 89. of witnesses, iii, 371. grand sergeanty, cornage, ii, 73, 74, 77, 81 Sweinmote, court of, iii, 72. escuage, ii, 74. Syngrapha, ii, 296. destruction of military tenures, ii, 76. Synods, i, 279. frankalmoign, ii, 77. modem English tenures, ii, 78 et seq. Table of precedence, 1, 405, n. free socage, ii, 78. of consanguinity, ii, 202-206. petit sergeanty, ii, 81. Tacking mortgages, ii, 160, n. burgage, ii, 82. Tail, estate in. borough English, ii, 83. (See "Estates.") gavelkind, ii, 84. Taking, felonious, iv, 230, 232. incidents of socage tenures, it,86-88. unlawful, iii, 145. villeinage, ii, 89, 92, 98. Tale or count, iii, 293. copyholds, ii, 97, 98. Tales, iii, 365; iv, 344. manors, ii, 90. Talionis, lex, iv, 12. ancient demesne, ii, 98. Talliage, i, 311 ; iv, 419, 426. spiritual, or frankalmoign, ii, 101. Tariff, i, 313. by divine service, ii, 102. Taxation, by house of commons, i, 169. profits of military, i, 287. principle of imposition of, i, 318. disturbance of, iii, 242. of costs, iii, 399. Term of years, ii, 143; iv, 430. Taxes, i, 139, 308. executory bequest of, ii, 175, n. their annual amount, i, 328; iv, 426, 489. Terms of court, origin of the, iii, 275. Teacher and scholar, i, 453 and n. when they begin and end, iii, 277, n. Technical words in indictments, iv, 306. Terre tenant, ii, 91, 328. Temporal peers, i, 157-159. Test act, iv, 59, 439. Temporalities of bishops, i, 282; iv, 421. Testament, ii, 489, 499; iv, 424, 480. their restitution, i, 380; iv, 421. (See " Will.") Tenant, to the precipe, ii, 359, 361. Testamentary causes in county courts, iii, 95; (See "Estate.") iv, 421. in capite, ii, 60. in equity, iii, 437. paravail, id. in ecclesiastical courts, iii, 96,437. bound to give landlord notice of eject- Testamentary guardian, i, 462. ment, iii, 204. Testatum capias, iii, 283. not liable for accidental fire, ii, 281; iii, Teste of writs, i, 179; iii, 274. 228, n. Testes, trial per, iii, 335. when bound to rebuild, id. Thainland, ii, 90. liable to pay rent after fire, id. Thanet, Isle of, i, 105. estopped to dispute landlord's title, ii, 144, n. Theater, copyright in plays, &c., ii, 407, n. right of, to demand repairs, ii, 144, n. Theft, iv, 229, 236, 420. assignment by, id. (See "Larceny.") Tenant-right of renewal, ii, 101, 148. Theft-bote, iv, 133, 363. Tender of amends, iii, 16. Thellusson act, ii, 175, n. of issue, iii, 313. Theodosian code, i, 81. of money, i, 277; iii, 303. Things real and personal, ii, 16, 384. plea of, iii, 303. (See "Property.") of oaths, i, 368; iv, 124. Threatening letters, iv 137, 144. 614 INDEX.

Threats of accusation, to extort money, iv, Trade, restrictions on exercise of, i, 427. 144. Trade marks, ii, 405, n. remedy for, iii, 120. Trader, ii, 474, 488 n. duress by, i, 131. (See " Bankruptcy.") Timber, ii, 34, n., 281. Tradesmen, i, 407. stealing, iv, 233. actions against, iii, 164. destroying, iv, 247. Training to arms, &c., iv, 104. Time, division and computation of, i, 463; ii, Traitors, iv, 75. 140, 141, n. (See "Treason.") the maxim nullum tempus occurrit regi, Transitory action, iii, 294. i, 247. Transportation, i, 137; iv, 371, 377, 401. Tippling, iv, 64.. returning from, iv, 132, 371. Tithes, i, 384, 388; ii, 24-32; iii, 46, 88, 102, Traverse of indictment, iv, 351. 437. of officer, iii, 260. limitation of right to, ii, 266, n. of plea, iii, 312. now practically at an end, i, 388, n.; ii, 32, n. Treason, appeal of, iv, 314. Tithing, i, 114; iv, 411. misprision of, iv, 120. Title of acts of parliament, i, 183. petit, iv, 75, 203. to the crown, i, 190. trials in, iv, 351, 440. pretended, selling or buying, iv, 136. compassing, &c., death of king, iv, 76. warranty of, to goods sold, ii, 451. how far words treasonable, iv, 80. to things real, ii, 195. violating king's companion, &c., iv, 81. by possession, id. levying war, id. right of possession, ii, 196. adhering to enemies, iv, 82. right of property, ii, 197. counterfeiting king's seal, iv, 83, 89. complete, ii, 199. counterfeiting king's money, iv, 84. by occupancy of lands left by sea or rivers, slaying chancellor or judges, id. ii, 261. treason since 1 Mary, c.1, iv, 87. under statute of limitations, ii, 266, n. for securing protestant succession, iv, 89. by alienation, ii, 287. punishment of, iv, 92, 93. by descent, ii, 208. Treasure trove, i, 295. of chattels by occupancy, ii, 400. concealment of, i, 297; iv, 121. by custom, ii, 422. Treasurer, lord high, iii, 44, 56. by succession, ii, 430. killing of, iv, 84. by marriage, ii, 433. Treaties, leagues and alliances, i, 257. by gift, grant and contract, ii, 440. Trebucket, iv, 169. by bankruptcy, ii, 471. Trees, right to cut, ii, 34, n., 281. by testament and administration, ii, 489. destroying, &c., iv, 247. regulated by law of domicil, ii, 387, n. stealing, iv, 233. by judgment, ii, 436. Tresayle, iii, 186. of honor, descent to daughters, ii, 216. Trespass, signification of, iii, 208. curtesy of, ii, 126, n. what constitutes, iii, 209. Toft, ii, 19. what property in land requisite to maintain, Toleration, iv, 52, 53, 440. iii, 209. Tolling entry, iii, 176. when justifiable, iii, 2103. Tolt, writ of, iii, 34, 195. cured by right of entry and freehold, iii, Tongue, cutting out, or disabling, iv, 206, 207. 213. Tonnage, i, 316; iv, 437. regulations as to costs in, iii, 214, 401. Tonsura clericalis, iv, 367. vi et armis, iii, 120, 209. Tort, action of, iii, 117. by certificate, when allowed, iii, 333. Torture, iv, 325. merged in felony, when, iv, 6. Tourn of the sheriff, iv, 272, 411, 424. malicious, offence of, iv, 247. Tout temps prist, ill, 303. ab initio, iii, 15, 151, n., 213. Town, i, 115. Trespass on the case, iii, 122, 212 Trade, its progress in England, iv, 419-438. Trial, what it is, iii, 329. offensive, iv, 167. seven species of, iii, 330. unlawful exercise of, iv, 159. by record, id. offences against, iv, 151. by inspection, iii, 331. owling, iv, 154. by witnesses, iii, 335. smuggling, id. notice of, iii, 356. fraudulent bankruptcy, iv, 156. countermand of, id. usury, iv, 156. locality, iii, 383. cheating, iv, 157. in criminal cases, iv, 342, 411. assize of bread, iv, 157. new, iii, 387; iv, 361, 438. false weights and measures, id. by ordeal, iv, 342, 414, 425. false pretences, iv, 158. by battle, iii, 105, 337, 346, 418, 421, 424. regrating and engrossing, id. Triennial elections, i, 189. monopolies, iv, 158, 159. parliaments, i, 153. exercising trade without apprenticeship, iv, Trinity, denial of, iv, 50. 160. Trinoda necessitas, i,263, 357; ii, 102. seducing artists, id. Triors, lords, iv, 262, 263. INDEX.

Triors of jurors, iii, 263. Vacancy of the throne, i, 212, 214. Triplicatio, iii, 310. Vacantia bona, i, 296, 299. Trithing, i, 116. Vacant possession, iii, 202. Triverbial days, iii, 424. Vacating records, iv, 128. Trover, action of, iii, 152; iv, 363. Vacations of court, iii, 276. sittings in, iii, 278, n. Truceconservators breakers, iv, 68. of, iv, 69. Vadium, ii, 157. Trustees of charities, &c., jurisdiction of equity Vagabonds, iv, 169. in regard to, iii, 427, n. Vagrants, iv, 170. Trusts, ii, 327 et seq., 336. harboring, id. jurisdiction over, iii, 431, 439. in criminal cases, iv, 305. when cognizable, id. Valor beneficiorum, i, 285. of lands, must be manifested by writing, ii, maritagii, ii, 70, 88. 306, 337. Valuable consideration, ii, 297. estates of trustee and cestui que trust, ii, 337. Valvagors, i, 403. curtesy of, ii, 127, n., 132, n. Variance, amendment of, iii, 393, n. merger of, ii, 337, n. Vassal, ii, 45 et seq. Tub-man in the exchequer, iii, 28. (See "Feudal System.") Tumultuous petitioning, i, 143; iv, 147. the word, ii, 53, n. Turbary, common of, ii, 34. Vendor's lien, ii, 158, n. Turnips, stealing, iv, 233. Venire de novo, when awarded, iii, 394. Turnpikes, destroying, iv, 145. Venire facias, iii, 351, 357. Tutor, i, 306, 453, 460. teste and return of, iii, 353. Twelve tables, laws of, i, 80. when it issues to coroners or elisors, iii, 354. Tyranny, i, 126, 133. Ventre inspiciendo, writ de, i, 456. Ventre sa mere, children in, i, 130; ii, 169. Ubiquity of the king, i, 270. Venue, how to be laid, iii, 293; iv, 305. Udal right, ii, 45. changing, iii, 293, 384. Umpire, iii, 16. in criminal cases, iv, 304. Unanimity of jurors, iii, 376; iv, 414. Verberation, iii. 120. Uncertainty of legal proceedings, iii, 326. Verderors, iii. 71, 72. Uncore prist, iii, 303. Verdict, iv, 860, 457. Underlease, iii, 176, 327. false, iii, 402; iv, 140. Under-sheriff, i, 345. in action, indictment on, iv, 302, n. Underwood, stealing, iv, 233. must be unanimous, iii, 375. injuring, &c., iv, 247. plaintiff must be present at delivery of, Union of England and Scotland, i, 96. iii, 376. of Great Britain and Ireland, i, 99, n.; iv, privy verdict, id. 427, 440. public, iii, 377. Unitarians, iv, 50, n. special, id. United States of America. formerly reversed by writ of attaint, iii, 388. (See "American States.") what omissions aided by, iii, 394. Unities of joint estates, ii, 180. Verge, tenant by, ii, 148. University, study of law in, i, 16, 26-37. Verge of the court, iii, 76; iv, 276. burgesses of, i, 174. Verification, iii, 313. courts of, i, 83; iii, 83; iv, 277. Vert, venison, and covert, injury to, iii, 71. nature of, i, 26, 37, 471. Vesting of estates, ii, 168, 174. certificate of chancellor of, iii, 335. of legacies, ii, 513. copyrights of, ii, 407. Vesture of land, ii, 34, n. rights of, to benefices, iii, 241. Vetitum namium, iii, 148. Unknown persons, larceny from, iv, 236, 359. Veto, i, 184, n., 185, n. Uses, invention of, ii, 271. Vicar, i, 384; ii, 318 et eq. and trusts, ii, 137, 271, 327 et seq.; iii, 52. (See "Tithes.") statute of, ii, 332; iv, 430. Vicarages. i, 387; iv, 428. springing, shifting and resulting, ii, 334. Vice-admiralty court, iii, 69. what not executed by statute of, ii, 335. Vice-chancellors, iii, 55, n., 426, n. continued as trusts, ii, 336. Vice-warden of the stannaries, court of, iii, 80,n. estates of trustee and cestui que trust, ii, Vicineto, jury de, iii, 385. 837. Vicontiel writs, iii, 238. forms of conveyances, i, 337. Vidames, i, 403. resulting, rebutted by parol, ii, 364, n. View, iii, 299, 358. deeds to lead, declare or revoke, ii, 339, 363. of frankpledge, iv, 279. in equity, ii, 43. Viewers, appointment of jurors for, iii, 358. Usura maratima, ii, 458. Vill, i, 114. Usurpation of patronage, iii, 242. Villeins, ii, 92; iv, 420. remedy for. iii, 243. enfranchisement of, ii, 94. of franchise or office, iii, 262. waste of, ii, 282. Usury, ii, 454 et seq.; iv, 116, 156. Villenage, ii, 53, 61, 89, 92, 98. Usus fructus, ii, 327. Villeinous judgment, iv, 136. Uttering false money, iv. 89, 90. Vinculo divorcia, iii, 94. forged notes, iv, 248, 250. Vindicatory part of a law, i, 56-59. INDEX.

Viner's foundation, i, 27. Warranty, of goods, ii, 451 and n. Violating the queen, &c., 1, 222, 223; iv, 81. on exchange of goods, ii, 446, n. forcible. (See "Rape.") Warren, ii, 417. Violent presumption, iii, 371. robbery of, iv, 235. Viscount, i, 398. in disguise, iv, 144. Visitor, i, 480. beasts and fowls of, ii, 38. of civil corporations, i, 481. Waste, ii, 185, 281 et seq.; ili, 223. of eleemosynary corporations, i, 482. voluntary or permissive, ii, 281. of lay corporations, i, 480. by tenant in tail, ii, 115; iii, 223. power of i, 483. by tenant in tail after possibility, &c., ii, M2. Virgin Mary, a civilian and canonist, i, 21. of villeins, ii, 282. Visitation books of heralds, iii, 105. who may sue for, iii, 244. Visne, iii, 294; iv, 350. injunction to stay, ii, 282, n., iii, 227, 442, Viva voce examination in equity, iii, 378. writ of, iii, 227. on the case in nature of, iii 229, n. Vivum vadium, ii, 157. action 22 Void and voidable, ii, 291,325,432. estates without impeachment of, ii, 1 b . Voir dire, iii, 332. by stranger, tenant may be held liable for, Voluntary conveyances, when fraudulent and iii, 229, n. void, ii, 296. Waste lands, ii, 14, 90. escape, iii, 415; iv, 130. Watch, i, 356 ; iv, 292, 426. jurisdiction, iii, 66. Water, how described, i, 18. manslaughter, iv, 191. property in, ii, 18, 266, n., 402. oaths, iv, 137. Water course, ii, 36, n., 266, n. Voucher, iii, 300. alluvion, &c., upon, ii, 261, n. in recoveries, ii, 857 et seq. offences as to, iv, 167. Vulgaris purgatio, iv, 842. abatement of nuisances in, iii, 5, n. Watermen overloading their boats, iv, 192. Wagering policies, ii, 459, 460. plying on Sunday, iv, 64. Wager of battle, trial by, iii, 337; iv, 346, 418, Water ordeal, iv, 342. 421, 424. Way, right ofby grant, prescription, and ne- abolished, iii, 837, n. cessity, ii, 85. history and mode of, iii, 337 et seq. remedy, when out of repair, ii, 36 and n. Wager of law, iii, 342; iv, 414, 424. obstruction of a nuisance, iii, 218. manner of, iii, 342. action for obstruction, iii, 241. when not allowed, iii, 845. Ways and means, committee of, 1, 807. abolished, iii, 341, n., 347. Weights and measures, i, 274-277; iv, 975 Wagers, when illegal, ii, 460; iv, 173. 278, 424. Wages, of members of parliament, i, 174. false, iv, 159. of servants, i, 428. Wells, property in, ii, 5. Waifs, i, 297; ii, 409. Welsh mortgage, ii, 157, n. Wainage, iv, 379. Weregild, iv, 188, 313, 413. Wales, i, 93, 94. West Saxon lage, i, 65; iv, 412. part of England, i, 99. Whales, royal fish, i, 223. venue in criminal cases in, iv, 304. Wharfs, i, 264. prince of, i, 94, 225. Whipping, punishment of, iv, 372, 877. compassing and imagining his death, iv, White rent, ii, 42. 76. Widow's chamber, ii, 518. princess of, i, 225. quarantine, ii, 135. violation of, iv, 81. Wife, i, 433. court of principality of, abolished, iii, 78, n. when she may be taken in execution, iii, 418,n. Wandering soldiers and mariners, iv, 164. battery of, fi",140. persons, vagrants, iv, 170, n. (See "Husband and Wife.") Wapentakes, i, 116. Wight, Isle of, i, 105. War, articles of, i, 415, 417. Will, defect of, excuse for crime, iv, 20. levying against the king, iv, 81. vicious, iv, 21. War and peace, right of making, i, 257. estate at, ii, 145. Ward by constables, &c., i, 356; iv, 292, 426. (See "Estate.") Wards and liveries, court of, iii, 258. Wills, origin of, ii, 10, 12, 373, 489, et s.; iv, Wardship, i, 52, 67, 87, 97. 424, 430. in chivalry, iv, 418, 420, 421. jurisdiction over, ii.491. Warlike stores, embezzlement of, iv, 101. probate of, ii, 494, 507; iii, 98. Warrant, i, 137. who may make, ii, 496 et seq., 502. arrest by, iv, 290. definition of, ii, 499. arrest without, iv, 292, 293. codicil, ii, 500. Warrant of attorney, iii, 397. verbal or nuncupative, ii, 500, 514. Warrantia chartse, iii, 300. how avoided, ii, 502. Warranty, express and implied, ii, 300; iii, unofficious, id. 165. appointment of executor, ii, 508. lineal and collateral, ii, 301. jurisdiction over, iii, 95. present effect of, ii, 302, 803, n. administration cure testamento annexo, I, on exchange, ii, 823. 508. VOL. II.-78 INDEX.

Wills of ciattels,regulatedby domicil, ii, 387, n. Women, when guilty of clergyable offences, payment, &c., of legacies, ii, 512, 513. iv, 369. donatio mortis causa, ii, 514. jury of, iii, 862: iv, 395. right of executor to residue, ii, 514. Wood, stealing, iv, 233. alienation by devise, history of, ii, 373. burning, damaging, &c., iv, 246. customary power of devising, ii, 867, 871, n. Woodmote, court of, iii, 71. dvseofaus373. e 875.of Wool, &c., transporting, iv, 154, 428. devise of use, ii,375. Words, action for, iii, 123. devises to charity, &e.,id. costs in action for, iii, 400. signature and attestation of, ii, 376, 501. treasonable, iv, 79. revocation of, ii, 376, 379, 502. of statutes must prevail, i, 81, 88. gifts to witnesses, ii, 377. Work-house iv, 371. raudulent devises, ii, 378. Wounding, iii, 121; iv, 208, 216. land purchased after will made, ii, 379, n. Wreck, i, 291, 293; ii, 14,409. lapse of gifts, ii, 379, n., 513. plundering, iv, 239, 304. what words pass a fee, ii, 108, 120, n. Writ, iii, 273. heir-looms not devisable apart from free- close and patent, ii, 846. hold, ii,429. of election to parliament, i, 177. rules of construction, ii, 379. of peerage, i, 400. (See "Deed." of error, how differs from appeal, iii, 56. implication of cross remainders in, ii, 381. when it lies coram nobis or vobis, iii, 406, n. fraudulently obtained, ii,431. from and to what courts it lies, iii, 411. forgery of, iv, 249, 250. of inquiry, iii, 397. Winchester measure, i, 274. of protection, iii, 289. Window duties, i, 325. 326. of summons, personal actions now com- Windows, ancient, ii, 402. menced by, il, 287, n. Wine, adulteration of, iv, 162. form, teste and service of, id. licenses, i, 288. original, issued out of chancery, iii, 48. Witchcraft, iv, 60, 436. forms of, iii, 51, 183, 273; iv, 427. Withdrawing from allegiance, i, 869, 870, n.; Writing, treason by, iv, 80. iv,87. stealing of writings, iv, 284. record, iii,357. Written instrument, contents of, how proved, Withernam, iii, 129, 146, 413. iii, 368. Witness to deed, ii, 307. Wrongs, 1, 122. to will, ii, 878, 501. how remedied, iii, 116. trial by, iii, 886. classification of, as public and private, iii, 2. may be compelled to attend before arbitra- private, termed civil injuries, id. tor, il, 16, n. public, called crimes and misdemeanors, iv, 1. oath of, iii, 871. how private wrongs redressed, iii, 2. privilege of, from arrest, iii, 289, n. three several species of private wrongs, iii, 3. what persons admissible as, ill, 319. how attendance of, compelled, iii, 369. Year, ii, 140. two always required by civil law, iii, 870; Year and day, i, 292, 297, 298; iii, 175. iv, 850. in appeals of death, iv, 315,335. advantages of open examination, ii, 373. in murder, iv, 197, 306. examination when abroad or unable to at- Year, day and waste, ii, 252; iv, 385. tend, il, 883, n. Year books, i, 72. for prisoners, iv, 359, 441. Years, estate for, ii, 140. their expenses, iv, 362. (See "Estate.") two, when necessary, iii, 370; iv, 350. , i, 406. recognizance to give evidence by, iv, 296. of the guard, i, 408. Wittena-gemote, i, 148; iii, 37; iv, 412. York, custom of, on intestacy, ii, 517. Women, appeals by, iv, 424. archbishop of, claimed precedence over Can- and children, stealing or seduction of, iv, 209. terbury, i, 404, n. 618