Society for California Archaeology NEWSLETTER

Volume 27 Number 2 March 1993

President's Message by Dick Markley II II If you have been debating about whether or not you man Frazee. Commissioner Pat Martz reported that are going to attend the Annual meeting at Asilomar, the Commission will be evaluating and reviewing the preliminary program included in this Newsletter public comments received on the draft curation should help you make your decision. Program guidelines, and should adopt the final guidelines at Chair Bill Hildebrandt, has come up with an excel­ their next meeting in May. When you see Pat at Asil­ lent program that provides an interesting miX of omar, please be sure to thank her for the truly out­ workshops, symposia, luncheon meetings, poster standing job she has been doing on behalf of Cal­ sessions and special events. Several symposia deal­ ifornia archaeology. ing with multi-ethnic topics and issues are in keep­ ing with our 1993 Archaeology Week theme empha­ Caltrans is moving ahead rapidly on sizing cultural diversity. The variety of symposia implementing ISTEA, a $200 million clearly illustrates the complexity of archaeology and program which will provide much cultural resource management in California, and the needed funding for transportation wide ranging interests and activities of SCA mem­ enhancement projects that include bers. From technical sessions dealing with GIS sys­ archaeology and historic preserva­ t=s. paleoethnobotany, and site stabilization, to tion. I have asked past SCA Pres­ those focusing on Native American/Archaeology ident, Paul Chace, to be the Soci­ ues, public outreach, and research results, there ety's nominee to the advisory council 1 be something to suit everyone's interests. being established by Calttans. While not a policy making body, the council will influence With the California legislature reconvening after the Caltrans' implementation of the program. holiday break, there has been a rush of proposed leg­ islation affecting archaeology and historic preserva­ I will chair a strategic planning workshop at Asil­ tion. Key bills being considered by the legislature omar, will examine issues and opportunities facing include SB 104, which amends the Public Resources SCA, and provide a basis for the development of a Code dealing with CEQA and archaeology; SB 90, strategic plan to help guide SCA into the 21st cen­ which would establish a much needed Historic Pres­ tury. In order to facilitate full participation in this ervatio~ Fund; and SB 158, which is a bond act to important planning process, forms will be available provide funding for state programs, including at Asilomar for members to express their views on archaeology and historic preservation. In addition, particular issues, concerns, and needs facing SCA I the Planning and Conservation League (PCL) is devel­ hope that all of you will take this opportunity to say oping a parks bond act that includes specific funding what's on your mind. for archaeology. Lynn Dunbar, our rep on the PCL Board, has been working closely with the PCL staff As my term as SCA President comes to an end, I on this, and other, archaeology issues. In fact Lynn want to take this opportunity to thank all those who was inVited by PCL, along with Department of Parks have served the Society this past year. Through your and Recreation head Donald Murphy and others, to volunteer efforts, SCA has remained a strong advo­ participate on a natural resources panel at their cate for archaeology in California. I never cease to recent conference. Lynn's talk, stressing the need be truly amazed by the strength of your dedication to for natural and cultural resource organizations to California archaeology, and your unselfish commit­ work together, was well received. On behalf of the ment to helping SCA maintain its leadership role in SCA, I would like to thank PCL for including Lynn on historic preservation in California. With your help, that important panel. In February I attended the we maintained a variety of strong SCA programs and State Historic Resources Commission meeting. I am traditions, and established some new programs that pleased to report the Commission has invited the we hope will endure. As the Annual Meeting SCA to participate on a task group that will work on approaches - the traditional time for 'the changing nplementation of the California Register. The Cal­ • of the guard - I am looking forward to passing the amia Register was established last year by the suc­ baton to incoming President John Johnson. cessful passage of AB 2881, introduced by Assembly- (Continued on page 2) SCA Executive Board 1992-93 President's Message (Continued from page 1) President - Dick Markley Tahoe National Forest 631 Coyote Street John has a long history of service to SCA, and t P. 0. Box 6003 experience is sure to prove valuable as he and t Nevada City, CA 95959-6003 new Executive Board lead SCA fotward during t w: (916) 265-4531 . coming year. President-Elect - John Johnson Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History 2559 Puesta del Sol Road Call for Support for Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Archaeology Week w: (805) 682-4711 Ext. 306 by Jamie Cleland, Fundraising Chair Immediate Past President - James H. Cleland Keller Environmental Associates, Inc. Last year we were able to raise enough money 1727 Fifth Avenue through pledges made by individuals and private San Diego, CA 92101 industry and government matching grants to just w: (619) 233-1454 about cover our out-of-pocket expenses for Archae­ ology Week. We want to do at least that well again Northern Vice-President - Michael Kelly this year. A reasonable goal would be $10,000. Dames & Moore 60 Declaration Drive, Suite B Once again, I will be spearheading the efforts to con­ Chico, CA 95926 tact private industry, and Dick Markley will be coor­ w: (916) 893-9675 dinating with government agencies. Due to. the recession, we expect funds to be tight. However, we Southern Vice-President - Joanne Mack also know that a large percentage of our members Department of Sociology & Anthropology are professional archaeologists who make a decent 425 North College Avenue living off of California's heritage. Archaeology Week Pomona College is one way of giving back to the public that ulti­ Claremont, CA 91 711 mately supports archaeological preservation pro­ w: (909) 621-8555 Ext 4278 grams. As an individual and as a representative of your organization; please give whatever you ca. Secretary -Elena Nilsson afford to support Archaeology Week and SCA Publi Dames & Moore Service Fund. Donations should be sent to Connie 60 Declaration Drive, Suite B Cameron, SCA Treasurer (see address this page) and Chico, CA 95926 you should reference the SC:A Public Service Fund. w: (916) 893-9675 Thank you for supporting Archaeology Week. · Treasurer - Constance Cameron Asilomar Workshop to Museum of Anthropology California State University Explore Future of SCA Fullerton.CA 92634 by Dick Markley w: (714) 773-3977 What is SCA's legislative agenda? How can the SCA SCA Staff broaden its membership base? What should be the SCA Business Office SCA's role in solving the curation crisis? How can Department of Anthropology the SCA encourage the involvement and participa­ California State University tion of Native Americans in cultural resource man­ Fullerton.CA 92634 agement? These and many other questions will be (714) 773-3977 the subject of much discussion at a workshop to be Newsletter Editor -Valerie Levulett held at the Annual Meeting at Asilomar. The work­ 915 Mesa Street shop organized by SCA President Dick Markley, will Morro Bay, CA 93442 provide a forum for the identification and discussion w: (805) 549-3669 - h: (805) 772-1971 of issues, concerns, needs, and opportunities facing FAX (805) 549-3077 the Society. This will be the first step in the de_velop­ Newsletter Preparation - Doug Bryce ment of a strategic plan to help guide the Society in P. 0 . Box292010 the future. Sacramento, CA 95829-2010 (916) 383-2530 FAX (916) 387-1179 (Continued on page 3)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 2 March 1993 Exploring Future of SCA News and Views from the Office (Continued from page 2) of Historic Preservation This is not the first such effort organized by the by Sandra J. Elder SCA A similar workshop was held in 1980 at the Recordation of ffistoric Properties • '.Annual Meeting in Redding, and there have been · other attempts over the years to chart a course for On September 30, .1992 Governor Wilson signed into the Society. Some of these have been very ambi- law Assembly Bill 3037 (Hauser) ·authorizing that designated historic properties be officially recorded tious efforts, which unfortunately fell short of with the appropriate County Recorder. After March if expectations, producing short-lived benefits, 15, 1993 a certified resolution aclmowledging the any at all. Conscious of the pitfalls of grand designation of individual historic properties by the "futuring" exercises, the present effort is adhering State Historical Resources Commission, local to a basic premise - Keep it Simple. agency, or a unit thereof, shall be recorded by the County Recorder in order for the designation to be Clearly, past history indicates that the SCA can effective. operate without an explicitly stated vision or plan for the future. But our success thus far has come Individual properties designated after March 15, about by the extraordinary efforts over the years, 1993 must be recorded with the County Recorder. of many, dedicated individuals, supplemented by Recording of properties designated prior to that date a little luck and good fortune. Common sense is optional. Upon acceptance of the certified resolu­ tells that we can make better decisions. and more tion, the County Recorder ·shall index the recorded effectively mobilize scarce human and financial resolutions of the Commission, local agency, or unit resources, if we have a vision of what our goals thereof, listing the respective agency as the "grantor" and objectives are, and a sense of where our pri­ and the current owner as the "grantee." It is antic­ orities lie. The workshop is designed to get us on ipated that the recordation of historic properties the road to doing just that. shall have no effect upon title to any property sub­ ject to the provisions of SB 303 7.

California Register of Historical Resources During the workshop, twelve current and two On September 27, 1992, when Governor Wilson former Executive Board members, committee signed Assembly Bill 2881, the California Register of chairs, and other individuals keenly interested in Historical Resources was officially established. he SCA will make brief presentations which out­ .Ile specific issues facing the SCA, define realistic According to Public Resources Code Section 5024.1, ~oals and objectives, and propose specific action the "California Register is an authoritative guide in (s) for the SCA to take. Following the presenta­ California to be used by state and local agencies, pri­ tions, the merits of the various proposals will be vate groups, and citizens to identify the state's his­ discussed, and there will be opportunity for those t0rical resources and to indicate what properties are in attendance to contribute their suggestions and to be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, ideas. from substantial adverse change." The California Register includes automatically all In order to insure that the entire SCA member­ properties determined eligible for or listed in the ship can participate in the strategic planning pro­ National Register of Historic Places; and California cess, forms will be distributed. at the Annual ·. Registered Historical Landmark No. 770 and all con­ secutively numbered state historical landmarks fol­ Meeting which members can use to outline their lowing No. 770. ideas for the future of SCA This input from the membership and the contribution of the work­ The Office of Historic Preservatio~ is now in the pro­ shop participants will be synthesized and ana­ cess of drafting procedures and criteria for the Cal­ lyzed, and serve as the basis for the strategic plan ifornia Register of Historical Resources to be adopted to be developed following the Asilomar meeting. by the State Historical Resources Commission. This would include other categories of properties. such as locally registered landmarks, inventories, and the Everyone h as an idea or opinion of what the SCA new categozy of the California Register itself. could, or should, be. It is your Society. So con­ tribute your "two cents" at Asilomar, or contact California Point of Historical Interest an Executive Board member with you r sugges­ As of December 1, 1992, the State Historical tions. Resources Commission has adopted a revised Cal­ ifornia Point of Historical Interest application. (Continued on page 4)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 3 March 1993 achieve passage before the legislative session ended. News & Views (Continued from page 3) SB 90 would establish a dedicated fund for historical resources managed by the State Office of Historic The new form still requires a summary paragraph on Preservation [OHP) under criteria adopted by the the historical significance of the cultural resource, State Historical Resources Commission. The fund but one additional item needed is the Assessor's could accept and disburse funds to public agencies Parcel Number. and nonprofit organizations through matching grants, loans and contracts for services for the man­ The Assessor's Parcel Number is needed because agement, acquisition, preservation, rehabilitation, Section 5029 was added to the Public Resources restoration, and adaptive reuse of historic properties, Code. This new section states that "the commission including archaeological sites. Funds would. also be shall, within 90 days after the approval by the direc­ available for historical and archaeological resource tor after March 15, 1993, of the issuance by the planning and management grants. The bill would commission of an historical resources designation for specifically authorize OHP to award grants for an individual property, submit to the County archaeological site acquisition projects and related Recorder for recordation, and the county recorder purposes, and to loan funds to nonprofit organiza­ shall record, a certified resolution establishing the tions for the temporary acquisition of an archaeolog­ historical resources designation." ical resource that would subsequently be acquired by a public entity. The Point application still requires that you clearly state why the cultural resource is significant and This bill would provide OHP with an important why it meets the criteria for being a California Point mechanism to support and encourage critical his­ of Historical Interest. The required map should toric preservation activities in California. While the clearly show the boundaries and dimensions of the bill will undoubtedly undergo some changes through cultural resource [assessor's map is preferred). The legislative process, we are hopeful that it will pass location of all features on the cultural resource the legislature and be enacted substantially intact. should be drawn on the map and a north arrow The SCA will continue to monitor the progress of the included. bill. and work to insure that key archaeology lan­ guage is retained. The revised Point application now provides for either the signature of the chief elected municipal official or Milestones the chairperson of the county board of supervisors. Ii II lf the proposed point is in an incorporated area, then the form must be first processed through the local Jahuary marked the advancement of D.L. True t< government; submittal to the county is optional. If Emeritus at the Davis campus of the University o the proposed Point is located in an unincorporated California. Awarded the SCA Lifetime Achievemen area of the county, then the application should be Award at the 1992 SCA Meeth'lg, D.L. True has led a submitted through the county board of supervisors. distinguished archaeological career for over 40 years. A member of the Davis faculty since the mid-1960s, The State Historical Resources Commission will True has focused his data-oriented research on the review the application and make a reconunended prehistory of both southern and northern California determination of eligibility to the Director of the Cal­ as well as the high desert of northern Chile. Many of ifornia Department of Parks and Recreation. those studies reflect his deep lnterest and critical evaluation of the origins an.ct character of early pre­ If you have any questions please call the Office of history in the New World. We welcome the news that Historic Preservation at [916) 653-6624. . this academic milestone marks only a transition and that his energies will continue to be directed toward further research. California Heritage Fund Bill With the "retirement" of Dave Fredrickson from (SB 90) Introduced teaching at Sonoma State University, the reigns of the Anthropological Studies Center [ASC) have been in State Senate passed to Adrian Praetzellis who has worked on the by Dick Markley ASC staff since 1976. Adrian, who was hired in Sep­ tember. joins historical archaeologist Margaret · Purser on the faculty of Sonoma State's Anthro­ In January, a bill to create a California Heritage pology Department. Dave emphasizes that he has Fund was introduced by State Senator Dan McCor­ "retired from teaching but not from archaeology." To quodale. The bill is essentially the same as Assem­ demonstrate this fact he will continue to act as co-Pl bly Bill 3755, introduced last year by Assemblyman on some ASC archaeological projects, serve on MA. Chris Chandler, which unfortunately got caught up thesis committees that pique his interest, and in the battle over the State budget, and failed to [Continued on page 5)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 4 March 1993 Milestones SCA Public Outreach (Continued from page 4) II It I'm sure many of you have met someone who " ;enerally live up to the dignity of hiS new title "Direc­ always wanted to be an archaeologist," or the or Emeritus." In a welcome addition to the ASC friendly visitor who came by the site to see what you _amily, and one that further expands our capa­ were digging for. Other interests may include that of bilities, Greg White has returned in the capacity of the developer who's trying to understand why design Senior Research Archaeologist to act as co-PI in the changes are necessary to avoid an archaeological fields of osteology and prehistoric archaeology. Greg, site, or that of the local planner who is working with who also sexves on M.A. committees. is teaching a federal regulations for the first time. As you can see, graduate course in "Archaeological Osteology" at SSU public interests and needs vary, including an under­ this term. standing of what it is that archaeologists do and what the legal mandates are for cultural resource The new ASC Director sees the organization con­ preseivation. In addition, recent revisions to the tinuing in its traditional emphases on northern Cal­ National Historic Preseivation Act have increased the ifornia prehistory and historical archaeology, and role of public oversight and participation in federal with expanding roles for the study of the vernacular cultural resource projects. Along with that, the need environment and public outreach/interpretation. for volunteers in our parks, museums. and historic districts is increasing. Therefore, it is important that tpe archaeological profession "reach out" to the Adopt A Library For public. Archaeology Week The SCA plans to develop a series of UPublic out­ by Christian Gerike reach" information handouts, in cooperation with various state and federal agencies, and other her­ itage preservation organizations. We are also asking One of the main objectives of Archaeology for your help and guidance in the development of Week is to make information about archae­ these handouts. We are forming a subcommittee of ology available to the general public. Society the Public Interaction Committee to design, create, members can participate in this endeavor by write. and produce the informational handouts. If selecting publications at their local library for you have previous experience or an interest in devel­ lisplay during May 10 -through 16. This oping and producing this material, please contact: Shelly Davis-King, INFOTEC Research, Inc., 19524 ;vould be an excellent project for avocational Hillsdale Drive, Sonora, CA 95370 or call (209) 533- ;ocieties. 2934. Most libraries have display cases. or a section we need your help! which is used to display new publications and books of special interest. Contact your librar­ ian well ahead of time, as many libraries have Archaeology-Native American long-range display plans. Display publications Symposium could include topics covering archaeology. SCA Annual Meeting - Asilomar ethnography, historic preservation and cul­ by Philip de Barros, Chairman tural resources management, and meth­ Native American Programs Committee odology. Be sure to seek out a few "coffee­ table" type books. While the focus should be on California, some literature about archae­ SC~ mem?ers are encouraged to attend the sym­ posmm, Archaeologists and Native Americans ology anywhere in the world is appropriate. Working Together Toward Common Goals" on coop­ When we organized a display for last year's eration b etween archaeologists and Native Amer­ archaeology week suitable materials were icans to be held on Saturday morning, April 10th, found in the anthropology. ancient and local from 8:30 A.M. to 1:00 P.M., at the SCA Annual history. reference, technology. and juvenile meeting in Asilomar. sections. If the library has the space, display some artifacts, tools of the trade (trowel. clip­ The symposium focus on the ongoing cooperation between archaeologists and Native Americans. board with a drwing of an excavation unit, Archaeologists are interested in the study and pres­ tape measure, etc.), and the California ervation of the Native American past. Native Amer­ Archaeology Week Poster. icans ar:e interested in preserving and learning more (Continued on page 6)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 5 March 1993 information collected for different types of Archaeology-Native American h eritage resources and for different management Symposium purposes. (Continued from page 5) The existing archlval systems also present several problems: about their cultural heritage. If archaeological sites > Inconsistent placement of heritage resource forms are viewed as Native American resources as well as (particularly for built properties) in the scientific resources, there is much common ground appropriate archive and failure to incorporate for cooperation. The symposium emphasizes this information about certain resource types in either theme of cooperation and how it can benefit both archive (e.g., built resources recorded during parties. CRM projects, minor historic features or constructions); A panel, composed of an archaeologist, Native Amer­ ican, and an ethnographer, will comment on the > Poor coordination between the two archival papers, in addition to other issues, such as site pres­ systems and access restrictions at Information eivation and interpretation of sites as cultural land­ Centers limit the ability of all u sers (particularly scapes. The moderator will be Philip de Barros. non-professionals) to contribute and retrieve heritage resource information in appropriate OHP Consolidates Built and ways; and > With records stored at different facilities under Archaeological Resource different archival systems. documented resources Inventories are frequently overlooked during project reviews by Brian F. Terhorst and (e.g .. users feel they have addressed the full range of heritage resource concerns after visiting only Thad M. Van Bueren one of the facilities). Since the 1960s, California has had separate sys­ To address these many concerns, the NPS called fo r tems both for documenting built and archaeological a single, integrated documentation system to resources and for accessioning, storing, and dis­ address all categories of heritage resources and an persing these heritage resource records. Built integrat ed system for storing and managing th e full resources have been documented using "Historic range of California's heritage resource records. Resources Inventory" forms (i.e., Form DPR 523) which are currently accessioned through the Cal­ In response to the NPS's recommendations. OHP and ifornia Office of Historic Preseivation (OHP) in Sac; the Department of Transportation (Caltrans) began a ramento. Archaeological sites have been doc­ cooperative effort to consolidate, revise, and expand umented using "Archaeological Site Record" forms the State's two resource recording systems. Under (i.e., Form DPR 422) which are currently accessioned ·the coordination of Thad Van Bueren, Caltrans His­ through one of the State's 11 Regional Information torical Archaeologist, a multi-disciplinary team of Centers of the California Archaeological Inventory. heritage resource professionals was assembled to develop new forms and a procedu res manual. Over During its 1990 OHP audit, the National Park Ser­ the past eight months, the Inventory Review Com­ vice (NPS) identified several serious deficiencies mittee (IRC) has developed draft forms and manual stemming from these divided systems. The existing explaining their use, scheduled for release to th e resource documentation forms and procedures are public in late March 1993. To receive the draft related to several problems: manual, send requests in writing to Thad Van Bueren, Chair, Inventory Review Committee, Cal­ > Inconsistent use of existing forms to document trans Environmental Division, 650 Howe Avenue, certain h eritage resources and failure of the Suite 400, Sacramento, CA 95825, or by phone at forms to provide for documentation of certain (916) 263-3404, or via FAX at (916) 263-3384 or resource types (e.g .. historic archaeological sites, 263-1075. Public comments on the draft manu al minor historic features or constructions, and should b e submitted in writing to Thad no later than traditional cultural properties [e.g., sacred sites)); May 10th. The draft documents will be addressed by the California State Historical Resources Commis­ > Inconsistent definitions of heritage resources and sion (SHRC) at their May 1993 meeting where inter­ their relationships to associated features (e.g., ested persons may speak publicly. Final versions of lumping vs. splitting and documentation of the documents are scheduled to be addressed by the resources with both built and archaeological SHRC at their August 1993 meeting. Interested per­ components); and sons will b e given the opportunity to comment on the final version s and may speak publicly at the August > Limited flexibility in the categories and levels of 1993 meeting of the SHRC. (Continued on page 7)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 6 March 1993 review at the meetings. OHP Consolidates Inventories (Continued from page 6) Archaeologists as Expert To integrate the State's two records management Witnesses Arstems, OHP has contracted with the Northwest by Philip de Barros Wiformation Center of the California Archaeological Inventory. Under this contract, the offices have ini­ tiated a pilot program to transfer over 30,000 built Early in 1992 I was contacted by a public defender resource records, documenting properties from 42 seeking an expert witness in the field of archaeology. northern California counties, to the 4 northern Three individuals from El Cajon in San Diego regional Information Centers of the California County had been ch arged with looting two Native Archaeological Inventory. Under the coordination of .American sites within the Cleveland National Forest Brian Terhorst, consulting Architectural Historian on September 7 , 1991. The Public Defender for the Northwest Information Center, this initial appointed by the court knew nothing about archae­ transfer began in January 1993 and is scheduled for ology, did not know how to evaluate the extent of completion by October 1993. The records of built damage to the sites, the costs of restoration and resources for the remaining 16 southern California repair as estimated by the Forest Service (et. 43 comities will be distributed to the 7 southern Infor­ CFR subtitle A Parts 7,3 and 7.14). For three mation Centers over the next 2 years. months the Public Defender and her associates tried to locate an archaeologist to provide such expertise With the completion of the records transfer. the and found no one willing to do so. They called me regional Information Centers will become California's during that period and I said I would think about it. official repository for records of all heritage Like many others, I was reluctant to get involved resources, including built and archaeological with the defense in a looting case. Like many col­ resources, linear features, and possibly traditional leagues, I was concerned that such involvement cultural properties. Completed documentation for would be viewed as advocating for · the defense of heritage resources will be submitted to the appropri­ people whom our discipline despises. I proceeded ate regional center(s) and persons seeking access to to speak with several executive officers of state and heritage resource records must contact the appropri­ national archaeological organizations and with a ate center(s). While OHP will continue to house leader in Native American heritage issues in Cal­ copies of these records. they will no longer function ifornia on this matter. Some did" not want to get as the source for information on built resources. involved with such an issue personally, but agreed that such exp.ert testimony was needed. At least A,,e transfer of built resource records to the Informa­ one felt it was important to go ahead. I decided to '49f1~n Centers will require the centers to extend their take the case, because I felt that archaeologists operations beyond their current archaeological focus. have an obligation to provide such expertise. The centers will be expanding their usership from primarily archaeologists to include other heritage What I learned in speaking with these individuals is resource professionals such as architectural his­ that most archaeologists do not really understand torians and historians, as well as researchers and what it means to be an expert witness. Serving as avocationalists who use built resource records. Ulti­ an expert witness does not mean putting yourself in mately, the Centers will staff professional historians an "advocacy" position for either the prosecution or and architectural historians. During the initial tran­ the defense. You are being asked to provide an sition period, however, OHP is developing a work­ independent, expert assessment of the evidence in shop to provide Information Center staff with guid­ your field. You are serving as a resource to the ance in managing built resource records and court, and it is the court who pays your expenses. incorporating built resource concerns into their records search and project review programs. In the Cleveland National Forest case. I was asked to go to the field and to independently assess the If you have any questions. comments. or concerns damage to the sites. This involved an attempt to about the transfer of built resource records to the measure the volume of earth that had been dis­ Information Centers or about the consolidation of the turbed by the' looters· digging. From this I was State's heritage resource records, contact Brian asked to assess the "archaeological value~ of the Terhorst at 12786 Willow Valley Road, Nevada City. information "associated with the archaeological CA 95959. resource . . . in terms of the costs of the retrieval of the scientific information which would have been These important changes in California's heritage obtainable prior to the Violation. These costs may resource documentation and archival systems will be include, but need not be limited to, the cost of pre­ the subject of a special panel discussion at the SCA's paring a research design, conducting field work, car­ annual meeting at the Asilomar. The draft heritage rying out --source form and manual will also be available for (Continued on page 8)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 7 March 1993 Expert Witness r------~ 1 Director of Archaeology (Continued from page 7) I I I The Keith Companies, a multi-discipline con- I laboratory· analysis, and preparing reports as I sulting firm specializing in environmental I would be necessary to realize the information I services, planning and engineering, has an•• potential"(43 CFR Subtitle A. Part 7. l 4(a). I opening for a Director of Archaeology. I I I I prepared a written report in which I estimated I Duties include overseeing archaeology pro- I the volume of damage to each site and provided I jects for public and private clients involving I a cost range relating to the sites" "archaeological survey testing. excavation and report prep- I value." It is important to note this estimate was aration; supervising a team of field andl based on the legal definition noted above, and laboratory archaeologists; and assisting with I clearly did not relate to how Native Americans training and business development. I might view the value of such resources. My esti­ I mate of "archaeological value" differed from that The selected candidate must have a mini-I of the Forest Service, primarily due to the dif­ mum of 6 years experience in prehistoric I ficulty in making such estimations. I was never and/or historical archaeology, and possessl asked to come to the court to make a public dep­ an M.A. in Archaeology or Anthropology. I osition or to take the stand. My report did not make recommendations regarding appropriate · Experience w /section 106 compliance and 361 punishment as this was not part of my role as an CFR part 800 procedures is desirable. I expert witness. I Our team members receive a competitivel The case was recently discussed in the SOFA salary and benefits package. We invite you I Newsletter [16(6):4, June-July 1992) and in the to send your resume and salary history to I Federal Archaeology Report [5(3):20-21 , Fall Cheri Stolz, Human Resources. The Keith I 1992). Sentencing took place on August 3 1, Companies, P.O. Box 25127, Santa Ana, CAI 1992. According to the Federal Archaeology 92799. Equal Opportunity Employer. I Report, each defendant received a year of pro­ I bation, $1,551 in restitution, $525 in fmes and L------~ penalties, and 100 hours of community service. r------~--- - In addition, each defendant must submit a 10- Job Announcement page paper on the local Native American group, California Archaeological its history, and the "context value of the arti­ I facts" within six months. Inventory I Information Center Coordinator I While I am certainly not recommending that my I colleagues. should make a career out of serving The County of San Bernardino is seeking a I as an archaeological expert witness for the qualified archaeologist to fill a fulltime posi- 1 defense in looting cases, I would argue that tion as Center Coordinator for the San Ber- 1 archaeologists should be willing to serve as nardino County Archaeological Information 1· expert witnesses when called upon to do so. Center. As one of eleven state-contracted1 This is true whether their expertise is required information centers, its . coo~dinator i51 for the prosecution or defense. Expert testimony required to be an archaeologist with a gradu- 1 is critical to our legal system and does not 1 ate degree in anthropology or related field. require one to "take sides" on the issue (even 1 Historical resource records at the center are 1 though we all abhor the looting in question). I maintained in a GIS format using AutoCAD, 1 I ArcCAD, dBase, NADB, and WordPerfect; and 1 It is important, however, that those giving expert I the coordinator should be capable of learning I testimony be certified experts. I would urge the I and using these programs. For further infor- I Society for California Archaeology and the Soci­ I matlon and a county job application, inter- I ety of Professional Archaeologists to adopt stan­ I ested individuals can contact: Lester Ross, I dards for such expertise. These standards could I Archaeological Information Center, 20241 be linked to SOPA membership and current cer-. I Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, CA 92374; (909) I tification categories. I 792-1497: FAX (909) 789-8585. I IL------·I SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 8 March 1993 and town. At its height, the Presidio outpost covered more than a dozen acres and had a population in Historical Archaeology excess of 400 people. During the early twentieth Update ·century, the ruins of the settlement were incor­ by Judy D. Tordoff porated into a city park. Since 1920 a series of archaeological and historical ~lniatown Adobe. The Institute of Archaeology investigations have been undertaken in connec~on at California State University, Sacramento. began with the Presidio. In 1992, the Center for Sparush excavations at the Virginiatown Adobe site in Placer Colonial Archaeology and the San Diego Historical County California, in the spring of 1992. The pro­ Society embarked on a joint project designed to syn­ ject, part of the field program at CSUS, is directed by thesize the largely unpublished previous research Drs. Howard Goldfiied, Jerald Johnson, and Peggy and prepare a site management plan. The project is Scully. headed by Jack S. Williams. Virginiatown, a Gold Rush mining town founded in During the spring and sunllller, archaeological 1851, thrived for a short time, gradually declined investigations were undertaken at the Presidio by and was finally abandoned in the 1880s. The town researchers from the Center, and volunteers from the was the site of the first railroad in California, a mile San Diego Historical Society. The project produced a and a half track for the removal of mine tailings. The wide variety of artifacts, including zooarchaelogical extremely limited historical references indicate that remains, jewelry, marine shells, chipped stone tools, Virginiatown had two ethnic components and res­ munitions, maiolica (tin-glazed earthenware], local idential areas,, one including the central portion of Kumyay· pottery, and substantial archaeological town and the other encompassing "Chinatown". remains. Of particular importance was the discovery of some 250 pounds of munitions. These items had Current fieldwork is concentrating on the Chinatown been buried beneath a tiled floor near the Coman­ and has two major goals. The first and most press­ dant's house sometime between 1820 and 1840. The ing is the stabilization of the Virginiatown Adobe, a munitions included four pounder and three pounder rammed earth structure of Chinese origin built carmon shot, as well as canister rounds and a during the Gold Rush era. The building, reused as a number of gunner's tools. fruit packing shed until the 1960s, has partially col­ lapsed since its abandonment. Removal of fallen The architectural remains exposed encompassed debris including the collapsed roof, and the rein­ portions of several rooms and what may have been forcement and protection of the walls to prevent fur­ the defensive wall of the eastern Wing of ·the adobe 'her deterioration, are primary needs. Detailed citadel. This wall had a cobble foundation that ecording of the structure, its materials and building measured over a meter wide and two meters deep. rrethods, is being conducted during this stage of the The buildings of this side of the Presidio were project. abruptly terraced into the hillside. As a result, sub­ stantial portions of the collapsed rooms are The second task is the location and excavation of extremely well-p~eserved. other cultural features and a continued search for additional structures. To date, five trash pits have Center researchers plan to continue documentary been located, all Chinese in origin. The artifacts rep­ and field investigations at the San Diego Presidio resent a typical Chinese-American assemblage and through 1993. They hope to make a preliminary include a high percentage of ceramics with the Four report on their findings available to the public before Seasons motif. the summer of 1994.

The Virginiatown Adobe excavations are a part of a Lost Horse Archaeological Mining DisWct. long-term excavation project that will include a sig­ During the summer of 1992, an Historic American nificant portion of the town itself. The entire area of Engineering Record documentation was completed of Virginiatown is on private land and the excavators the ca. 1893-1930s Lost Horse Gold Mine and Mill, have received enthusiastic support from all land­ Joshua Tree National Monument, Riverside County owners. especially Mr. H. Matsuda, on whose prop­ (HAER project CA-128). As a part of this project, erty the adobe is located. Any questions regarding Donald Hardesty and Lester Ross volunteered to the excavations should be directed to Melissa Farn­ complete a survey of archaeological features at the comb at 5600 Marconi Avenue, #220, Carmichael CA site. The survey was completed and the resultant 95608. inventory was incorporated within the final HAER documentation. San Diego Presidio. The San Diego Presidio was the first European settlement to be established in Alta Forty-two archaeological features were identified, California. Between 1769 and 1776 the location pro­ comprising at least six feature systems: 1) a multi­ vided a home for the Mission of San Diego de Alcala. phased ore mining system 'including mining claim Prior to 1835 it grew into a fortified military colony (Continued on page 14)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 9 March 1993 Society For California Archaeology Symposium 3: Archaeology of the Southern San Joa­ 27th Annual Meeting quin Valley Asilomar, California Chair. Mark Sutton April 7-11, 1993 Heather Room

Preliminary Program 1:30 Richard Osborn - Research Problems in Southern San Joaquin Valley Archaeology

Wednesday Afternoon, April 7 1:5 0 Scott Baxter, Alan Salazar, and Gretchen Maxwell - Archaeological Investigations at CA-KER-2721, Executive Board Meeting - Pine Crest Buttonwillow

Registration 2:10 Da\Vn Davis, Aaron Dutcher, and Milutin Velijkovic - Investigations at the Greenlee Site (CA-TUL-1695), a Symposium I: Preliminary Results from CA-SAC-43. Small Village near Lemon Cove Chair: Paul Bouey Firelight Room 2:30 Jay Hinshaw, Robyn Johnson, and Suan Rubin - The 1971 work at the Hillside Site (CA-KER-2334), near 1:30 Sannie Osborn - The U.S. Army Corps Perspective of Tehachapi CA-SAC-43 Mitigation 2:50 Gerrit Fenenga - Archaeological Investigations at the 1:40 Paul Bouey - Chronometrics at CA-SAC-43 Witt Site (CA-Kin-32)

2:00 Sandra Hollimon - Health and Disease in the CA-SAC- 3:10 Break 43 Population 3:30 Kelly McGuire - CA-FRE-61: A Mid-Holocene 2:20 John Ravesloot - Mortuary Treatment as Practiced by Millingstone Manifestation in the Kings River Area of Residents of CA-SAC-43 the San Joaquin Valley

2:40 Liz Honeysett - Flaked Stone Assemblage Structure 3:50 David Scott - Temblor Chert Sources, "\Vorkshops, and Quarries 3:00 Break 4:10 Discussion 3:20 Krislyn Taite - Bone Artifacts as the Dominant Tool Class Symposium 4~ Interpretation and Outreach Workshop: 1 ~1 hat the Public '-'rants to Know - and How to Tell 3:40 D1-vight Simons - Bird and Mammal Remains from the Them!11 Brazil Site Chair: Elyn Walker Marlin Room 4:00 Discussion 1:30 Amy Galperin - Interpretation: What is It? and VVhatjs Symposium 2: Initial Results from the Skyrocket Site It Not? Chair: Mary Ludwig Chapel 1:50 Gary Reinoehl -Avocational Societies in Public Archaeology, or Public Archaeology and Avocational 1:30 Mary Ludwig -The Skyrocket Site: An Introduction Societies?

1:50 Michael Thornton - The Skyrocket Project: Interim 2:10 Lynn Dunbar and Cindy Stankowski - Apathy and Report onDataManagementfrom November, 1991 to Arrowheads: Creating Public Concern for Conservation Present Archaeology

2:10 Peter Wigand - Paleobotany of the Skyrocket Site 2:30 Roynane Lisk -Archaeology Week 1992

2:30 David Bieling - Flaked Stone Studies at the Skyrocket 2:50 Elyn Walker - Borax Lake Long Range Management Site Project: The Interaction Continues

2:50 Jenn Oates-McKeighen - The Use of Artifact Casts in 3:00 Break Archaeological Analysis 3:20 Vera-Mae Fredrickson - Interpreting Archaeology: An 3:10 Break Example

3:30 John Pryor -Analysis of Groundstone from the 3:40 J. Charles VVhatford - Interpreting Archaeology at Sk}'Tocket Site Anderson Flat: One Season, 12 Sites, 44 Tours and 1,000 Visitors! 3:50 Roger La Jeunesse - Chemical Analysis ofGroundstone from the Skyrocket Site 4:00 \Tera-Mae Fredrickson - Discussant

1 4:10 John Pryor- Overview and Potential Research '\\ ednesday Evening Contribution of the Skyrocket Site Discussion Session I: Open Forum on Curation Facilit) 4:30 Discussion Issues Chairs: Robin Commans and Jim Royle 5:00 pm - Room TBA Social Hour and Dance 2:30 Thomas Wake - Social Implications ofFaunal Remains from Fort Ross, California · Basketball Game (Herb Dallas) 2:50 Peter Mills - Alaskan Hunting Technologies and Cultural Accommodation at FOrt Ross, California Thursday Morning, April 8 3:10 Glenn Farris - Outside the Stockade: Barns, .:00 Opening Address - Chapel Bathhouses, and Dwellings in the Neighborhood of Fort Dick Markley, SCA President Ross Tom Jackson, Local Arrangements William Hildebrandt, Program Chair 3:30 Break 3:40 Antoinette Martinez - Native Women as Cultural Symposium 5: Plenary Session - Paleoenvironmental Mediators Reconstructions of Holocene California Chair: William Hildebrandt 4:00 Otis Parish - A Kashaya Pomo's Perspective on Chapel Archaeology 9:30 G. James West - Late Pleistocene-Holocene Climate and 4:20 E. Breck Parkman - Preserving the Fort Ross Vegetation of California's North Coast Ranges: The Archaeological Record Pollen Record 4:40 Daniel Murley - Sounds from the Silence: Peopling 9:50 Arndt Schimmelmann - High-Resolution Paleoclimatic Ross's Past Information from Varved Marine Sediments of the Southern California Borderland Symposium 7: Indians and Archaeologists in the Field: 10:10 R. Scott Anderson - High Elevation Vegetation 'Whats on Top and What1s Under the Surface'' Dynamics and Paleoclimates - The Late Quaternary Chairs: Ron Goode and Marilyn Rose Guida Record from California's Sierra Nevada Firelight Room

10:30 Break 1:30 A panel discussion and audience participation symposium. Panelists include Michael Moratto, 10:50 Scott Stine - Extreme Drought During Medieval Times Dorothea Theodoratus, Fritz Riddell, M. Kat Anderson, and Its Possible Influence on Human Populations of Hector Franco (Wukchumni), Matt Vera (Bakalanchi), California Hank Alvarez (Ohlone), Clara LeCompte (Mai du), and Ron Goode (Nork Fork Mono). 11:10 Peter Wigand - Dynami"cs of Great Basin Plant

Communities During the Last 121000 Years as a Proxy Symposium 8: California Paleoethnobotany: The Analy­ for the Holocene Climate of California sis and Interpretation of Prehistoric Plant Remains Chairs: George Gumerman IV~ Eric Wohlgemuth, and .1.1:30 Discussion Lisa Panet Klug Heather Room Thursday Noon, April 8 1:30 George G{imerman IV, Eric Wohlgemuth, and Lisa Box Lunch Meeting 1: Avocational Archaeology \Vork­ Panet Klug - Introduction shop Chair: Anne Duffield-Stoll 1:50 Charles Miksicek - Plant Remains from Fort Hunter Room TBA- Liggett and the South Coast Region of California

Box Lunch Meeting 2: The Repatriation Mandate: 2:15 Eric Wohlgemuth - Seed and Fruit Remains from Department of Parks and Recreation Response Northern and Central California: An Overview Chair: Donald Murphy, Director'ofthe California Park System 2:40 Linda Panet Klug - An Archaeobotanical Analysis of Room TBA Late Period Sites on the N e\Vport Coast, Orange County

3:05 Break Thursday Afternoon, April 8 3:20 George Gumerman IV and James Pearson - Intensive Symposium 6: The Archaeological Study of Accultura­ Use of Seeds and Nuts at Lake Sherwood (CA-\TEN-179, tion in Multi-Ethnic Colonies Locus 0), Ventura County, California Chair: Kent Lightfoot Chapel 3:45 George Gumerrnan IV and Lisa Panet Klug - Inyo County Paleobotany: Consistent Patterns in Plant Use 1:30 Kent Lightfoot - The Archaeological Study of Culture Change and Continuity in Multi-Ethnic Communities 4:10 Julia Hammett -Paleoethnolx>tanical Indicators of Land Use and Resource i\1anagement in Native Coastal 1:50 Ann Scbiff - Archaeological Investigations of the Native California Alaskan Village Site, Fort Ross, California 4:35 Virginia Popper - Discussant :10 . Lewis Somers - Preliminary Results of High Resolution Magnetic and Resistence Surveys at Fort Ross, Symposium 9: Society for California Archaeology- Stra­ California tegic Planning Workshop Chair: Dick Markley Marlin Room the North West Australian Pearling Port of Co~sack 1:30 Participants include Dick Markley, John Johnson, 10:00 Break Jamie Cleland, Sonia Tamez, Jim Woodward, Mike Glassow, Susan Hector, Phil de Barros, Rob Edwards 10:20 Roberta Greenwood - Down by the Station: Los Valerie Levulett, Ro Lisk, and Lynn Dunbar. ' Angeles Chinatown

10:40 Mary Maniery - Potatoes in the Delta: Life in a 5:00 SCA General Business Meeting (Dick Markley) Japanese-American Farm Labor Camp in the 1920s Chair: Dick Markley Room TBA 11:00 Roger Kelly - Historical Archaeology of Confinement: Manzanar Internment Camp Thursday Evening, April 8 11:20 Adrian and Mary Praetzellis - 'We Were Here Toof": Wine Tasting Archaeology of an African-American Family Friday Morning, April 9 11:40 Judy Rood - Italian Swiss Dairy Operations in the Sierra Nevada Symposium 10: The Archaeology of the California Coast During the Middle Holocene (CA. 3350 to 6650 Symposium 12: General Session - Northern California - BP)-Part I Part I Chairs: Jon Erlandson and Michael Glassow Chair: Richard Fitzgerald Chapel Heather Room 9:00 Jon Erlandson - The Middle Holocene on the California 9:00 Richard Fitzgerald - Splish, Splash, and Crash: Coast Geological Implications on the Coastal Archaeological Record of Northwest California 9:20 Dennis Gallegos and Patricia Masters - The San Diego Coastal Epvironment and Native American Occupation 9:20 Sharon Waechter - Early-period Adaptations on the San during the Middle Holocene Francisco/San Pablo Bay Estuary 9:40 L. Mark Raab - Archaeological Evidence of a Middle 9:40 Edward Luby and David Brittin - Excavations at East Holocene Cultural Interaction Sphere on the Southern Marin Island, Spring 1991 Channel Islands 10:00 Michael Fong - Skeletal and Dental Abnormalities at a 10:00 Roger Mason, Henry Koerper, and Paul Langenwalter Prehistoric Central California Site II - The Archaeology of the Newport Coast, Orange County, During the Middle Holocene 10:20 Break

10:20 Break 10:40 J ames Nelson - "Suggesting" Interpersonal Violence: A Study of Human Skeletal Remains From Northern 10:40 Chester King and Lynn Gamble - Middle Holocene. California Settlement Distribution in the Santa Monica Mountains Region 11:00 Joanna Freund and Tom Origer -A Research Design for Interpreting Obsidian Source and Hydration Data 11:00 Jon Erlandson - Middle Holocene Cultural and from Sites on the Santa Rosa Plain, Sonoma County, Environmental Changes along the Western Santa California Barbara Coast 11:20 Joseph Mundy - Elevation-related Variables and 11:20 Michael Glassow - Middle Holocene Cultural Obsidian Hydration: A Diffusion Cell Study in Development in the Santa Barbara Channel Region Yosemite

Symposium 11: How to Tell the Smiths from the Wongs (or the Itos, the Ramirezes, the Shkurkins, the San· Symposium 13: Archaeological Site Stabilization and ginettis, the ...) : Interpreting Ethnic Sites on the Cal· Protection: A Future for the Past in California ifornia Landscape - Part I Chairs: Laura Kirn Laird and Michael Sampson Chair: Mary Maniery Marlin Room Firelight Room 8:30 Laura Kim Laird - Archaeological Site Stabilization as 8:30 Mary Maniery - Introduction a Practical Alternative 8:40 Julia Costello - Imaging/Imagining a Mission 8:50 Betty Rivers - "The Best Job We Ever Had": Site Community: The Resurrection of Mission Vieja de la Restoration and Protection at Craig Saddle, Lake Purisirna Oroville State Recreation Area 9:00 Rebecca Allen - Native American Adaptation to the 9:10 Breck Parkman - Burying the Past: Archaeological Site Franciscan Mission System in California: An Example Stabilization in Northwestern California from Santa Cruz 9:30 Janine McFarland, Stephen Hom, and Daniel l_{eev.es - 9:20 Sannie Osborn - Death in the Daily Life of Russian Stabilizing Recreational Impacts at Rock Art Sites m Americans Los Padres National Forest 9:40 Jack Mcilroy - Identifying Asian Occupancy Zones in 9:50 Break 10:00 Gil Sanchez - The Restoration of Santa Cruz Mission Data \\1th the Cultural Record: Laying the Foundations Adobe for Interpretation of the Archaeological Record 10:20 Walter Bird and Mike Drury - Lake Britton .1:50 Joanne Mack - Prehistoric Sites Within the Uplands of Archaeological Site Stabilization Project the Klamath River 2:10 Marguerite Badovinac - Indicators of Wealth in a Late .0:40 Mark Hale - Archaeology on the Edge Patwin Village 11:00 Michael Sampson - Site Stabilization through Revegetation 2:30 Douglas "Davy and Brian Ramos - A Statistical Analysis of Gunther Series Projectile Points from Two Northern 11:20 Discussion California Sites 2:50 Break Friday Noon, April 9 3:10 Jeff Hall and Robert Jackson - The California Box Lunch Meeting 3: Archaeology Week Kick-Off Archaeological Resource Identification and Data Chair: Ro Lisk Acquisition Program (CARIDAP): Uses in Site Room TBA Management and Significance Evaluation of Sparse Lithic Scatters

Friday Afternoon, April 9 3:30 Robert Kautz and Peter Mires - Discrimination Between Cultural and Natural Fracturing at Basalt Outcrops in Symposium 10: The Archaeology of the California the Northern Sierra-Nevada Coast During the Middle Holocene (CA- 3350 to 6650 BP)-Partll 3:50 Gerald Gates - CA-MOD-1976: A Second Look at a Chairs: Jon Erlandson and Michael Glassow "Battle Site" on the Modoc National Forest Chapel 4:10 Chuck Whatford - Patterns on the Land: Landscape 1:30 Georgie Waugh - Considerations of the Mid-Holocene Archaeology at Annadel State Park Archaeology in Coastal San Luis Obispo County Symposium 14: The Antelope Valley 1:50 Terry Jones -The Advent of the Mortar and Pestle: A Chair: Mark Campbell View from Big Sur 1\farlin Room

2:10 Kent Lightfoot - The Shellmounds of San Fransisco Bay 1:30 Edra Moore and Doug Eurbin - Paiute Butte Yoni Sites

)0 William Hildebrandt and Valerie Levulett - :Mid­ 1:50 Bruce Love - Archaeological Investigations at Lovejoy Holocene Adaptations on the North Coast of California Springs

::i:::50 Michael Glasso\V- Concluding Remarks 2:10 Richard Norwood - Update on Edwards Archaeology

3:10 Discussion 2:30 Richard Wessel - Hearth Functions in the Prehistoric Antelope Valley: Archaeological Behavioral Interpretations Symposium 11: How to Tell the Smiths from the Wongs

(or the Ito s, the Ramirezes1 the Shkurkins, the San­ 2:50 Break ginettis, the ...): Interpreting.Ethnic Sites on the Cal­ ifornia Landscape - Part II 3:10 Lisa Meyer and Richard Wessel -The Significance of Chair: Macy Manieri Isolated Bi face Thinning in the Archaeological Record of Firelight Room the Western Mojave Desert

1:30 Carrie Smith and Nlichael Baldrica - Basqueing in the 3:30 Ronald Bissell -A Possible Soltice Site on Ritter Ridge Sun: Research and Interpretation of Basque Sites on the East Side of the Tahoe National Forest 3:50 David Earle - Totem Pole Ranch and its Possible Association \vith Mavianjek in Littlerock Canyon 1:50 Thad Van Bueren - Privy to the Role of Choice in Ethnicity: Some Thoughts on the Lives of the 4:10 Mark Campbell -Aboriginal Use of the Sierra Pelona Castroville Haggartys Mountains

2:10 Judith Marvin - Soulsbyville: An Enclave of Cousin 4:30 Discussion Jacks and Jinnies in a Hard-Rock :rvlining To'\vn

2:30 Glenn Farris and Don Hardesty - Disussants Friday Afternoonlevening, April 9 Open Discussion Period Discussion Session 2: "\Vomen in Archaeology - A Round Table Discussion Symposium 12: General Session- Northern California Chair: Barb Voss -Part JI 5:00 pm - Room TBA ;hair. Marguerite Badovinac leather Room Friday Evening, April 9

1:30 Thomas Keter - Integrating Historical Environmental Social Hour and Banquet Banquet Speaker - Robert Bettinger (UC Davis) -- Recent 10:30 Jeff Haney and Chuck Whatford - Ground and Research in the White Mouutains, California Battered Stone Saturday Morning, April 10 10:45 Nadine Thomas - Bone and Antler Tools

Symposium 15: Archaeologists and Native Americans 11:00 Seana Searle - Beads and Ornaments Working Together Toward Common Goals Chair: Philip de Barros 11:15 Michael Love - Baked Clay Chapel 11:30 Nanc)• French - Features Brief Introduction - Philip de Barros 11:45 Jeff Rosenthal and Greg White - Interpretation 8:30 Carolyn Shepherd and William Eckhardt - The Naval Air Weapons Station (China Lake) Native American 12:0'0 Delbert Thomas and Gary Thomas - Discussants Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) Program: A Challenge and an Opportunity Symposium 17: The Pinto Problem in California Prehistory 8:45 Linda Reynolds - Common Cause: \.Vorking with Native Chair: Gerrit Fenenga and Adella Schroth .American Values on the Inyo National Forest Heather Room

9:00 Ken Wilson and Dennis I\1cKinnon - Mus-yeh-sait-neh: 9:00 Dennis Gallegos - Pinto Materials from the San Diego Native American Sites as Cultural Landscapes Couuty Coast

9:15 Lynn Gamble - Indians and Archaeologists: Positive 9:20 Gerrit Fenenga - The Pinto Presence in the Southern Interactions San Joaquin Valley ·

9:30 J.R. (Leonard) Manuel and Stephanie Tungate - Title 9:40 Michael Kaberline - An Analysis of Pi;,to Projectile TBA Points from the Tulare Lake Basin.

9:45 Break 10:00 Henry Koerper and Roger Mason: Jvrid-Holocene Projectile Points from the Irvine Coast 10:00 Larry Spanne -A Brief History of Native American Participation in Cultural Resource Management at 10:20 Break \Tandenberg Air Force Base 10:40 Adella Schroth - Lithic Technology at the Stahl Site 10:15 Reba Fuller - Native American Involvement in Cultural Resources Management, Case Study: Central 11:00 Mark Basgall and Matt Hall - Observations on Sierra Me-Wuk Temporal and Morphological Variation in Pinto Points frorri the Southwestern Great Basin 10:30 Shelly Dav:is-King - Native American Participation in CRM: A Case Study from the Central Sierra 11 :20 Claude Warren - Discussant

10:45 Philip de Barros - Reshaping the Training of Archaeologists: Field Schools Which Integrate S.ymposium 18: Searching for Common Ground: Plan­ Archaeology, Ethnography, and Native American ning Changes in California1s Inventory System Participation. Chair: Thad Van Bueren Marlin Room 11:00 Panel Discussion. Moderator: Philip de Barros; panelists will include archaeologists, Native 9:00 Panelists include Julia Costello, Shelly Davis-King, Americans, and at least one ethnographer. Daniel Foster, Marianne Russo, Bill Seidel, and Jan Wooley.

Symposium 16: Archaeological Investigations at Saturday Noon, April 10 Anderson Flat, Clear Lake, California Chair: Greg White Box Lunch Meeting 4: International Association for Firelight Room Obsidian Studies Chair: Kim Tremaine- 8:30 Greg White - Introductory Remarks Room TBA

8:45 Sunshine Psota and Maureen Carpenter - Field and Lab Saturday Afternoon, April 10 Methodological Strategies Symposium 19: General Session - Southern California 9:00 Bruce Dahlstrom - Computer Applications to Anderson Chair: '\Vendy Nelson Flat Archaeological Research Chapel

9:15 Jack Meyer -Geoarchaeological Investigations 1:30 Wendy Nelson -The Nutritional Potential of the Fish Slough Cave Diet 9:30 Enc Allison - Projectile Point Types and Chronology 1:50 Mark Sutton - The 1\1id to Late Holocene Interface in 10:00 Lynn Dunbar and David Beiling - Flake Tools and the Mojave Desert Bifaces 2:10 Wyleen Anderson and Robert Yohe II - Locus 5: A 10:15 Break Spatial Analysis of a Satellite Activity Locus at the Rose Spring Site (CA-INY-372) 2:30 Dan Larson, C. Jones, K. Miller and E. Wojak - Risk 1:30 Michael Burney -An Overview of the Historical Sensitivity Among Prehistoric Coastal Populations of Archaeology and Other Studies Undertaken at the Southern California: Climate, Population Growth, and Hedges!I'umco Historic Townsite in the Cargo Social Conflict Muchacho Mountains, Imperial County, California 2:50 Carleton Jones - The Development of Cultural 1:50 Paul Rushmore - Geomorphology and the Hedges/ Complexity Among the Luiseno Tumco Historic Townsite (Oro Cruz), North-Central Cargo Muchacho Mountains, Imperial County, .0 Break California 3:30 Carol Schultze -The Ystagua Village, San Diego 2:10 Stephen Van Wormer -Archaeological Evidence of California: A Reconstructive Study Utilizing CRM Data Hispanic Culture at Hedges/Tumco 3:50 Andrew Pigniolo -The Distribution of Piedra de Lumbre 2:30 James Newland and Stephen Van Wormer -The "Chert" in the Archaeological Record of Southern History of Hedges/Tumco: A Company Town in California California's Sonoran Mining Frontier 4:10 Dan Foster and John Betts - The Swallow Rock 2:50 Break Petroglyphs (CA-FRE-2485): An Outstanding Site in the Diablo Range, Fresno County, California · 3:10 Lynne Christenson - Food Habits at a Southern California Gold Mine, The Hedges!I'umco Project 4:30 Lester Ross and Donald Hardesty -Anatomy of an Isolated Mining District, Mojave Desert, California 3:30 Jerry Schaefer - Historic Native American Pottery from the Mining Town of Hedges, California

Symposium. 20: Communicating with the Public: Alter­ 3:50 Susan Hector - The Historic Archaeology of American native Media in Archaeology, Historic Preservation, Girl Canyon, Imperial County California andCRM Chair: Brian Terhorst 4:10 Michael Burney -The Hedges/Tumco Historic Townsite: Firelight Room A Co-Partnership Between American Girl Mining Joint Venture and the Historic Archaeology of Southeastern 1:30 Marta Weiss (Introduced by Jerald Johnson) - Video California "Central California Archaeology 1930-1950" Saturday Afternoon/evening 2:15 Brian Terhorst and Jeff Rosenthal - Slide Presentation "The Historical Landscape of Placer County" Executive Board Meeting · Pine Crest

3:15 . Dick Markley - Video "Trail of Tragedy: The Excavation Poster Sessions of the Donner Party Site" Thursday through Sat urday ymposium 21: Current and Proposed Uses of Geo­ graphic Information Systems in California Archaeology William Bloomer - Sierran Lithics: Essentially Looking for Chair: Roger Werner Single Components. Heather Room David Kayser and Johna Cochran - Carrizo Plain Natural 1:30 Kevin Daugherty - Geographic Information Systems: A Area : Historic Ranches, A Photo Essay Valuable Tool for Spatial Analysis Herb Dallas - How to Prepare an Exhibit 1:50 Lester Ross - Using ArcCAD to Manage Historical Resource Data at the San Bernardino County Demorest Davenport, John Johnson, and Jan Timbrook - The Archaeological Information Center Chumash and the Swordfish

2:10 John Dougherty - Use ofGIS in the Analysis of Rob Edwards - Conservation of an Exposed Portion of the Spatially Distributed Archaeological Data ; Examples Eastern Wall of the Monterey Spanish Royal Presidio from Central California Jeffrey Altschul, Donn Grenda, and Jeffrey Homburg - Cul­ 2:30 William Dreyer -The Use of a Knowledge-Based GIS for tural Dynamics in the Ballona Wetlands the Development of an Archaeological Decision Support System C. Kristina Roper Wickstrom - Granite Bedrock Basin Fea­ tures of the Southern Sierra Nevada, A Functional Analysis 2:50 Mark Byars - Use of GIS in Developing Predictive Prehistoric Cultural Resource Area Models Tom J ackson - TBA 3:10 Tom Taylor - Creating Output with ArcV iew Coupled with Other Windows Applications 3:30 Discussion

Symposium. 22: The Hedgesffumco Historic Townsite: listoric Mining Traditions of Southeastern California ~hair: Michael Burney llarlin Room Thad Van Bureun and John Lytle are working on the Summary of the Minutes of the poster commemorating this year's event. Five January 16, 1993 counties, including Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Tehama, Shasta. and Alameda, have solidified plans Executive Board Meeting and events. Beth Padon is working on obtaining a by Elena Nilsson, Secretary mini-grant from the California Council on Human­ ities to support productions of the program anc media and publicity costs. Mary Gordon is workini The Executive Board meeting was held at the Sac­ on a teacher's packet to be distributed to elementary ramento office of Dames & Moore. The meetlng was schools. Markley noted his concern regarding suf­ called to order at 10:25 a.m. and was attended by all ficient funding for this year's program; discussion of Board members except Connie ·Cameron. The mln­ estimated costs followed. utes of the October 2, 1992 Board Meeting were reviewed and accepted \vith changes. Markley solicited suggestions from the Board for awardees for the Mark R. Harrington Award, Lifetime Bill Hildebrandt, Program Chair for the 1993 Annual Achievement Award, and Martin Baumhoff Special Meetlng, gave a detailed presentation regarding the Achievement Award to be given at the Annual Meet­ upcoming meetlng at Asilomar Conference Center in ing. A motion was passed establishing the Avoca­ Pacific Grove. He distributed a copy of the program · tional Society Award as the "Helen Smith Award". which includes some 125 papers spread over 22 symposia and three workshops. A plenary session Markley and John Johnson reviewed the budget for focusing on paleoenvironmental r.econstructions of 1993, providing preliminary figures for both pro­ Holocene California is planned for Thursday morn­ jected income and expenses. The proposed budget ing, April 8th, and will include presentations by will be further assessed over the next several Scott Stein, Jim West, Scott Anderson, Peter Wigand, months. The Board will review the budget again at and Arndt Schimmelmann. The Annual Banquet, its next Board meeting at Asilomar. scheduled for Friday evening, April 9th, will feature a buffet-style meal representing the vaiious "Tastes of Markley reported on the progress of the Nominations California". The keynote speaker, Dr. Robert Bet­ Committee, which is chaired by Greg Greenway \vith tinger, Department of Anthropology at UC Davis,_ will assistance from Glenn Caruso and Joyce Gerber. speak on Research in the \Vhite Mountains: Hilde­ brandt reviewed the registration packet, notmg that Markley also reported on several legislative issues three "plans" are available: Plan 1 includes lodging including the recently enacted ISTEA [lntermodal and meals at the Asilomar, Plan 2 includes lodgmg Surface Transportation Efficiency Act). He requested elsewhere but taking meals at Asilomar, and Plan 3 suggestions from the Board for an indiyidual to p~r includes neither lodging or meals at Asilomar. The ticipate on a council to advise Caltrans on whicl Board discussed ;the need to help offset costs for transportation projects to select for enhancemern Native American attendees to the Asilomar confer­ activities; Paul Chace was selected for this position. ence. It was decided that the conference registra­ Markley noted that SCA would be sending a letter of tion fees would be waived for these attendees. Also, support for AB3755 to establish a Histoiic Preserva­ tion Fund in California. the Native American Program Committee will be asked to develop a conference fund to provide monies to help offset expenses associated with Native The next Board Meeting will be held on Wednesday, Americans attending future Annual Meetings. April 7, 1993 from 3-5 p.m. in the Pine Crest build­ ing at Asilomar Conference Center. Dick Markley discussed the "Futur!ng"or Strategic Planning Workshop to be held at the Annul Meeting at Asilomar on Thursday afternoon, April 8th. The Douglas Wheeler To Speak At workshop will focus on assessing where SCA is as an organization, and where we need to go. in the fuh':re. CCPH Annual Conference Markley will serve as workshop facilitator, which includes presentations by members, past officers Douglas Wheeler, Secretary for the Resources Agency and committee chairs, among others. Markley for the State of California, will be the keynote encouraged attendance by the broader SCA member­ speaker at the 1993 annual meeting of teh California ship in this strategic planning process. Cou.ncil for the Promotion of History (CCPH). Joanne Mack provided an update of the 1993 The Resources Agency oversees and coordinates the Archaeology Week program. She noted that the activities and functions of 15 state departments, events program will be compiled and distributed by boards, commissions, and conservancies, including Sonoma State University and Santa Cruz Archae­ the Departments of Conservation, Fish and Game, ological Society; the Los Ange!e.s District, US Army Forestry and Fire Protection, Parks and Recreation, Corps of Engineers will also provide assistance. [Continued on page 11)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 10 March 1993 r------, CCPH Annual Conference 1 Editor's Note 1 (Continued from page 10) 1 1 John Foster's article, which appeared in the last 1 1 issue of the Newsletter, inadvertently cit.ed the 'ater Resources and the California Coastal and Her­ I Sacramento Anthropological Society as the spon- I age Commissions. I sor for the Sacramento Valley Mounds, which are I ( being considered for possible acquisition under I Secretary Wheeler, a long-time friend of public his­ 1 the California Parks and Wildlife Bond Act 1 (CALPAW). The Sacramento Archaeological Soci- tory and historic preservation, is a leader in the field 1 1 of conservation. He served as Vice President of the ety is the sponsor. We regret this oversight and World Wildlife Fund in 1990 and as Executive Vice I we thank the Archaeological Society for bringing it I President of the Conservation Foundation from I to our attention. I 1987-1990. r------,~------~ Previously, he served as Executive Director of the 1 Sierra Club (1985-1987), Founder and President of Call for Papers 1 I I the American Farrnland Trust (1980-1985), Exec­ utive Vice President of the National Trust for Historic I The 1994 annual meetings of the Society for His- I Presevation (1977-1980), Deputy Assistant Secretary I torical Archaeology will be in Vancouver, British I of the Interior (1972-1977), an Legislative Counsel I Columbia (January 5-9, 1994). I would llke to ( and Legislative Attorney for the Department of Inter- I hear from researchers who are interested in par- I ior (1969-1971). · 1 ticipating in a symposium concerning mi.nJiJ.g in 1 the Far West, or more specifically, the archaeology 1 1 "Secretary Wheeler's commitment to the conserva­ . of mining camps on the Western Frontier. The 1 tion of natural and historical resources has been the Society's abstract deadline is May 1, 1993. Con- I backbone of his distinguished career. CCPH is for­ I tact Michael Sampson at the following address: I tunate that he accepted our invitation. His address I 4640 E. Talmadge Drive, San Diego, CA 92116; I is something to be greatly anticipated," said Janet I (619) 237-7972 work, or (619) 283-5960 home. 1 Wadley, Chair of the 1993 CCPH Program Com­ mittee. ~------~ News from the Avocational Mr. Wheeler will address CCPH members and guests on a subject related to the conference's theme "The Societies ~gacy of '49." by Anne Duffield-Stoll The conference will take place in Nevada City, Cal­ ifornia, on October 22-23, 1993, with pre-conference There has been a last-minute flurry of applications workshops on October 21. Sessions ·will examine for the first annual Avocational Society Award, bring­ current historical problems and issues that find their ing total entries to eight. Those groups nominated roots in California's Gold Rush. include: ASA (Archaeological Survey Association), COLARG (Coalinga Archaeological Research Group), For more informationcontact Janet \Vadley, Director, FCAS ( Fresno County Archaeological Society). FSRA Wilson Riles Archives and Institute for 'Education, (Friends of Sierra Rock Art), PCAS (Pacific Coast 400 Capitol Mall, Suite 1540, Sacramento, CA Archaeological Society), SDCAS (San Diego County 95814, (916) 446-7340. Archaeological Society). SSMPA (Santa Susana Mountain Park Association), and TULARG (Tulare r------, Archaeological Research Group). The winner will 1 SCA Basketball Game 1 receive an award and a check for $200 during SCA's I I banquet at Asilomar. Selection of a winner was not 1 FLASH! . . . Come one come all to the traditional 1 an easy job. All of these groups are worthy and have opening night basketball game to be held at the accomplished an amazing amount in 1992. 1 Monterey Sports Center, Wednesday, April 7, from 1 1 6:00 - 8:00 P.M. The main goal is to get some I Making a fresh start in 1993 with a new name, the I exercise and each year the event is enjoyed by all. I former San Joaquin Valley Chapter of ARARA is now I Just come dresed in your workout gear. Bring I the Southem Sierra Archaeological Society, rnail­ I your favorite Air Jordan's basketball shoes. Maps I mg address c/o President Don DeLay at 35462 Road I to get to the facility will be left at the registration 1 150, Visalia CA 93292. Vol.l No. 1 of the SSAS I desk on opening night. If you need a ride, leave a 1 News recently arrived, with sLx pages of news, humor message at the registration desk and we will try to 1 1 and upbeat commentary. SSAS is using their news­ arrange transportation for you. If you have any letter to spread the word about their Site Mon­ 1 additional questions call Herb Dallas at (408) 649- I I itoring/Public Outreach program on the Carrizo· 7104. I (Continued on page 12) ~~------~ SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 11 March 1993 acquire and protect historical, archaeological and Avocational Societies natural sites in this state. Thanks to Lynn Dunbar (Continued from page 11) at The Archaeological Conservancy and Bob Fle­ welling at The Trust for Public Lands, two more avo­ cational archaeological societies have joined the list Plain in partnership with BLM. Thelr primary goal is of site sponsors. Jay Von Werlof and fellow mem­ "to prevent destruction of prehistoric and historic bers ofIVCMS (Imperial Valley College Museum Soci­ sites on the Carriw Plain through a positive, visible ety) will be working with Drew Pallette and CVAS presence." SSAS has committed to a minimum of 8 (Coachella Valley Archeological Society) on a joint hours a month of monitoring at Painted Rock. A site sponsorship of the San Sebastian Marsh/San Felipe monitoring workshop was scheduled for Feb. 20-21 Creek area in Imperial County. There are 8,000 at the Washburn Ranch on the Carrizo Plain. As acres of privately owned land targeted for- acquisition with other projects previously sponsored by the "pre­ around the marsh, including prime riparian habitat SSAS" group, this one will benefit from a little help and documented archaeological sites, to be managed from SSAS's friends, KCAS (Kem County Archaeolog­ cooperatively by BLM and California Fish and Game. ical Society); BARA [Bay Area Rock Art), and FCAS So what will CVAS and IVCMS be doing? Things (Fresno County Archaeological Society). avocational societies are particulazy well-suited for, like talking to people. gathering signatures on peti­ SSAS is not to be confused with CSAS, the Central tions and writing letters. Other familiar groups siin­ Sierra Archaeological Society, headquartered in ilarly involved with CALPAW '94 are SCAS ( Santa Columbia. CSAS has been around since 1983. They Cruz Arhaeological Society) sponsoring the Sand Hill meet on the second Tuesday of every other month Bluff site , SDCAS ( San Diego County Archaeological beginning in February and also publish an impres­ Society) and the East Monument Mesa and SAS sive newsletter primarily reporting on archaeology in (Sacramento Archaeological Society) and the Sac­ Tuolumne, Calaveras and Amador counties. CSAS ramento Valley Mounds site. According to Lynn, this has started work on their Archaeology Week booth is the first tiine archaeological societies have been for the Calaveras County Fair. I had to smile at one involved with a park bond initiative. idea - a "stand-up life-size of Indiana Jones" that fair-goers could have their picture taken with. An open in\itation: come to Asilomar and attend the box luncheon workshop on Avocational Archaeology. The folks in AVAS (Antelope Valley Archaeological Much lively discussion on relevant topics guar­ Society) have been busy. Edra Moore and Doug anteed. Eurbin report locating what may be the only exam­ ples of Yoni petroglyphs in the Antelope Valley on A reminder - it's time to get organized! land belonging to the Indian Museum at Paiute Butte. AVAS volunteer may soon be spending a lot Archaeology Week Is May 10 - 16 of time at Paiute Butte, as they are working on an agreement with the State Park's to begin systematic survey of the area. Senate Bill 104 Would Extend Archaeology Language in At the request of Avocational Coordination Com­ mittee Member Dan Foster, the following is a profile CEQA of the avocational society COLLARG from the intro­ by Dick Markley duction to Dan's paper recently presented in Sari Diego: "COLLARG's principal objective is to identify, record and protect the abundant archaeological During February, SCA's Executive Board and Leg­ islative Committee devoted considerable time ana­ resources found in the area. Since its formation in lyzing the potential effects of an important piece of 1987, COLLARG has conducted numerous surveys proposed a legislation being considered in the Cal­ within the canyons, foothills and mountains sur­ ifornia State Senate. Senate Bill 104, introduced by rounding Coalinga within a study area measuring Wadie Deddeh [D-Chula Vista), would continue the sixty miles long by thirty miles v;ide ... To date. COL­ current process for handling iinpacts to archaeolog­ LARG has recorded over one hundred archaeological ical resources on state and private lands, under the sites ranging from major villages, t=porazy camps, provisions of the California Environmental Quality lithic workshops rockshelters, quarries, and rock art sites." A partic;,larly useful member of COLLARG's Act (CEQA), indefinitely, team is artist John Betts, whose art work greatly Long time SCA members will recall that it was then­ enhances their reports. Assemblyman Deddeh who successfully put AB 952 into law in the early 1980's. AB 952 established It was discussed in the last SCA Newsletter in the controversial standards, requirements and limita­ Legislative update column, but perhaps you m!Ssed tions on the preservation of archaeological resources the punch line? If we can get this Park Bond initia­ identified in the context of emironmental iinpact tive going, CALPAW '94, there's finally going to be studies. (Continued on page 131 some big money (as in $2 billion) available to

March 1993 SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 12. Senate Bill 104 Asilomar Update (continued from page 12) by Tom Jackson

e SCA bill contained a sunset clause - meaning Registration for the meetings are beginning . at the provisions were established for a specific to arrive, but represent only a fraction of rtod of time only-and would need to be extended by new legislation in order to continue ~o remai~ in the expected attendance. We have received force. Prior to the original sunset date m the rmd - registrations for lodging at The Asilomar l 980's, Assemblyman Deddeh introduced legislation just barely sufficient to reserve all of the which extended the provisions of the old AB 952 by necessary meeting rooms, allowing Dick establishing a new sunset date if January 1, 1994. Markley to once again resume breathing. The present bill, SB 104, would remove the sunset provision entirely. Again we would encourage you to register as early as you can. Please make your lodging While few would disagree that the current archae­ reservations with The Asilomar directly: ological process needs substantial revision and send your meeting registration materials to improvement. there is considerable uncertainty BioSystems. The Asilomar is being extrem­ about how archaeological resources would be pro­ vided for under CEQA if SB 104 were defeated and ely accommodating and will continue the archaeological provisions were allowed to accepting registrations even after the 1 7 sunset. Working tao establish a position on the bill February date indicated in the latest mail­ (which could be heard in the legislature at any .ing of registration forms. moment). the Executive Board sought the advice and counsel of a number of knowledgeable SCA There has been very little interest in the members. The Executive Board heard strong views from members who urged SCA support for the bill, planned dance, based on the registrations and equally strong arguments by those who urged received to date. This may preclude this that we oppose the bill. Those working with the event as featuring a live band, but a "DJ" CEQA provisions at the local level, and feeling the format . is being considered as an alter­ effects of the current political/ economic climate, native. If you want to dip, swerve, groove, urged caution, and recommended SCA either sup- bop, jerk, or hiphop with your PC partner ~ort or remain neutral on SB 104. T hose whose xperience is working on State lands, or for State you better check the appr?priate box on the 9 agencies who benefit from relatively strong state registration form. guidelines, executive orders , ad the like, urged opposition. In view of this polarity, the Executive r------, Board devoted considerable attention to formulating , Vasquez Rocks: 1 the SCA's position. After careful analysis, the Exec­ • Search For Artist • utive Board voted unanimously to adopt a neutral I I position on the bill at this time. I Beginning in 1990, the Western Mojave Survey I I Association set out to record the rock art (pie- I The Executive Board and the Legislative Committee I tographs, petroglyphs and cupules) in Vasquez I will continue to monitor the progress of the bill, and I Rocks County Park, Los Angeles County. I particularly watch for .amendments that may cause I During the course of research 10 rock art I a reassessment of the SCA position. At the same sketches were located at the UCLA Rock Art time. it is clear that as a Society we need to be more Archives. Unfortunately, there are no credits 1 effectively involved in the legislative process, and (e.g. names of the artists) attached to any of more proactive, rather than reactive, on legislation those sketches, or the name is not distinct affecting. archaeology. If you share this view, and enough to be able to read. WMSA hopes to pub­ would like to help the Society be more proactive, or lish a definitive report on the rock art at Vas­ if you have particular opinions on SB 104 that you quez Rocks, probably sometime in 1993, and we would like to share with the Board, please take the wish to give proper credit to all of those people time to write or call any o; the Executive Board who contributed to the recordation of the site members whose names, phone numbers, and complex. If you know the artist(s) of the addresses are listed in this Newsletter. The Stra­ sketches found at UCLA please contact me by tegic Planning workshop scheduled for the upcom­ mail, ASAP. Contact: Albert Knight, Western ing Annual Meeting, will provide another oppor­ Mojave Survey Association. 6661 1/2 Beck tunity for members to contribute to the Avenue, North Hollywood, CA 91606. development of a long range legislative program rithin SCA. L------~-----~ 13 SCA Newsletter 27 (2) March 1993 city's communityI convention center. personnel from Historical Archaeology the Anthropological Studies Center, Sonoma State (Continued from page 9) University, under the direction of Adrian Praetzallis, excavated a privy filled with artifacts associated with markers, mine shafts, adits, prospecting pits and the Cooks. associated waste piles, an ore cart cable winch, and a compressed air subsystem; 2) an ore reduction Archaeologists have added a great deal to our under system with a rock crusher, stamp mill, fuel­ standiilg of the grim history of enslaved Africar powered (gasoline or diesel) engine, a multi-phased Americans in the antebellum South. However, the cyanide-leaching system, and associated refuse dis­ story of African Americans who traveled to the cities posal areas; 3) an interconnected industrial­ of the Far West - both free and as escaped slaves - residential complex with multi-phased industrial has yet to be told. Although the advancement of facilities, residential settlements, and associated African Americans in the urban West was limited by waste disposal areas: 4) a water conveyance and a racist enVironment, they nonetheless created a storage system; 5) a freight transportation system sophisticated and urbane culture. and associated refuse; and 6) a timber /fuel pro­ curement system. The archaeological remains left by Thomas Cook and his family reflect the household members' daily lives. Because of its direct association with other local Archaeological evidence suggests that family mem­ mining-related features, Lester Ross undertook an bers carried on their high status occupations at archaeological survey during the summer and fall of home during off hours, thereby circumventing the 1992 of a eight square mile area surrounding the public ban on serving both black and white clientele. Lost Horse mining site. The purpose of this survey A comparison of the Cook assemblage with that of a was to identify the range of cultural features poten­ nearby, contemporary Irish-American household tially associated with the historic use of the site, and shows similarities that mask the gulf that must have to define the contiguous spatial area occupied by existed between these peoples' lives in early 20th­ these features. Ryan's Ranch, the primary water century Sacramento. The effects of racism, as well source and freight station for mining activities asso­ as the family's responses to it, can be seen in the ciated with the Lost Horse Mine, and numerous archaeological remains left by the Thomas Cook additional features were inventoried. family. Over 180 cultural features within a 7.25 square mile A monograph on the Cook site presents all the his­ area were ultimately identified and, along with the torical, archaeological, artifactual, and contextual Lost Horse Gold Mine, form the Lost Horse Archae­ information connected with the site, one of the first ological Mining District. Features identified within urban African-American sites excavated in the west-· the district represent nine major cultural feature em states. The goal of this report is to present the systems, including ore prospecting, extraction, and data as a comparative collection. The authors plan procesSing; timber and fuel procurement; black­ to publish further analyses of the Cook site in the smithing; residential settlement; waste disposal; future and welcome comments and suggestions on water prospecting, extraction, storage, conveyance the avenues for this research. and use; freight transportation; disposal of the dead; and cultural landscaping. The inventory represents Across the alley from the Cook residence, archae­ the first comprehensive catalog of cultural resources ologists excavated a small refuse-filled pit that was associated with an entire western mining com­ once located beneath the Newman family's hen munityI district. house. The recovered collection highlights the adap­ tive strategies of urban householders in turn-of- the­ Comparisons of this archaeological inventory with century Sacramento. The Newman family concocted known historical documentation illustrate the neces­ a backyard chicken-raising scheme using, or reus­ sity for combining both methodologies when assess­ ing, items found around the house. ing the significance of mining districts. communities, and sites; and demonstrates that the use of either A low-lying area once beneath the residence of Mrs. methodology alone will result in the loss of critical Hudson at 1408 J Street, was also excavated. An information. informative stratigraphic sequence portraying the , history of Sacramento and some of the activities at Sacramento. Prior to the Civil War. Thomas Cook 1408 J, with numerous glimpses into pockets of the · and his wife escaped slavery by taking the Under­ past, was unearthed. ground Railroad to Canada. Pursuing visions to a better life in California in the early 1870s, the family Copies of the reports on these sites. by Mary Praet­ eventually settled in Sacramento. In 1901 the Cook zellis and Adrian Praetzellis, are presently available family lived on the alley at 1418-1/2 J Street; at cost. Write to Mary Praetzellis, Anthropological Thomas Cook and one son worked as barbers; a Studies Center, Sonoma State University. Rohnert daughter worked as a dressmaker. Ninety years Park, CA 94928. later, prior to the construction of an addition to thee- (continued on page 15)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 14 March 1993 Through this inventory, ARS was able to document Historical Archaeology an important network of activities and uses, all rel~t­ (Continued from page 14) ing to the processing of charcoal. Future work with Nevada Parks will address the modification of devel­ opment plans to avoid the important resources iden­ Nevada (submitted by Lynn Fumis Rogers) tified. 9vard Charcoal Ovens State Park. In May, 1992. . Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort State Historic Park. Archaeological Research Seivices, of Virginia City, Nevada State Parks has initiated an historical and Nevada, conducted a suivey of one section of land archaeological study of Old Las Vegas Mormon Fort · within Ward Charcoal Ovens State Park, near Ely, State Historic Park located in Las Vegas. The pur­ Nevada, prior to Nevada State Parks (NPS) develop­ pose of the study is to aid NSP in public inter­ ment of hiking trails, day-use areas, ad camp­ pretation of the site by developing information con­ grounds. The park was recreated originally because cerning its history, extent, and present condition. six outstanding structures-stone, beehive-shaped Interrnountain Research, under contract to NSP, has charcoal kilns-stood there. Built in the 1870s for completed the first two phases ·of investigation, burning charcoal , the kilns are massive, each nearly establishing the historic context of Mormon Fort, 25 feet tall and 300 feet in diameter. They can be obtaining clues about its architectural history, and seen from 10 miles away, standing in the foothills of relocating certain structural fea tu res through the Egan Range, and are considered the best exam­ remote sensing. ples of masonry charcoal kilns in all Nevada. The Fort was established as a Mormon mission in The kilns were constructed just after silver mining 1855, and represents the first permanent Euro­ really boomed in the nearby town of Ward, three American settlement in southern Nevada. It was miles to the north. Charcoal was required a~ a created to convert local Indians to the Mormon faith, cheap source of fuel for the silver smelter:s; the kilns but its strategic position astride the Mormon Road were needed to turn local juniper and pm.yon cord­ also made it a valuable way station on the route from wood into charcoal. During the recent suivey, a Salt Lake City to southern California. The mission ·complex of features, structures, and residential sites had numerous problems, however, including dis­ was identified that relates to the building and opera- pensation among its leadership, insufficient sup­ tion of the kilns. plies, crop failure, and in~bility to convert the local natives. In February. 1857 the missionaries Importantly, the complex is situated at the l~wer returned to Salt Lake City. extent of the pinyon-juniper woodland that provided all the wood for the charcoal operation. The kilns In 1860 Albert Knapp, on of the original mis­ are also very close to a good _stone source, two buttes sionaries, returned to the Fort and worked it as a • of volcanic tuff. Two lime kilns, several small dwell­ ranch. Under various owners, the Fort continued as ings, and the ovens themselves, are made of tuff a ranch until 1902. Various adobe bu ildings were blocks. Seven tuff quarry sites were known, were added to those of the · original Fort during this thoroughly recorded. period. After that, the property was occupied and owned by San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Lime kilns were needed to produce lime for mortar in Railroad (1902-1955), leased to the Bureau of Rec­ constructing the charcoal ovens. Local lime cobbles lamation from 1926, and finally sold to the Benev­ were used, but quarries were not found. Several olent and Protective Order of Elks in 1955. Ranch small residences were situated within the quarry­ buildings were demolished at this time, but portions lime kiln/ ovens area. Further away were found the of the original Fort were spared. remains of a temporary, probably once-fired brick kiln, the produ cts of which were probably meant for The historic record is incomplete and contradictory use in the immediate area. Nearby pit features regarding the original layout of the Fort, and its sub­ included some of this same brick, all of it poor qual­ sequent modification and decline. A painting of the ity. ranch m ade in 1876 by Frederick S .. Dellenbaugh shows that much of the original Fort survived until Dugouts, domestic debris clusters, roads, and ax-cut then. Photographs from around the turn of the cen­ tree stumps were commonly found features through­ tury suggest that the adobe ranch house of 1876 had out the park. Apparently a small community of been extensively modified and that the Fort's west wood-cutters and charcoal-makers lived close by the wall had been pulled down.. The southern wall of the kilns. Throughout wooded areas, wood-cutters' Fort an d its gate apparently stood through· the camps were found, some apparently occupied for 1920s. An archaeological investigation planned for just an afternoon, others for a few days. These were this fall h as the potential to resolve some ambiguities characterized by 1870s period food cans and bottle regarding the architectural history of the site, as well glass, as well as by concentrations of cut stumps as to provide insights into the daily lives of the and clearings. Trails and narrow dirt roads are often people who lived tbere. and the economic system in. 1.ssociated. which they participated. (Continued on page 16)

SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 15 March 1993 Historical Archaeology r------, I (Continued from page 15) I I . The Silver Camel Mining Complex. Archaeological I data retrieval and archival research has been com­ pleted on a large hornsilver (cerargyrtte mining com­ plex located two miles east of the town of Sulphur, :e on the edge of the Black Rock Desert in Humboldt County, Nevada. Silver mining at the geo­ morphological feature known locally as the "Silver A.rchaeologicnl Services, Inc. Camel" was in effect between 1908 and the late 1920s with the most active period corresponding to 6eC>araPhic increases in the international price of silver that lnfC>nnatiC>n S-ystems occurred between 1920 and 1921. This research CL\DI) sntems was accomplished by Drs. Peter Mires and Robert Kautz of Mariah Associates. Inc. of Reno. Nevada. l)ata Dase VCslan Among the features investigated were a rockshelter & Cc>nsultinl! modified for use as a silver assaying station and In ..U-chac()l()!?Y. Cultural blacksmithing area and numerous shafts. adits. and Sl 1 () L()rralne ~csourccs Manaacmcnt &: liistC>lic VrescrvaU()n prospects. .Suite 200 A~C/INFO. Al'"CCAD. A.rcView Sales. Scrnce amt tralnlna Ratto Canyon. Over 1800 acres in the vicinity of Sf,()Cktinus Mono­ phylla) and juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) for r------, these charcoal makers. The survey team, under the I • direction of Dr. Peter Mires, documented over 30 I CARTOGRAPHIC RESOURCES Carbonart mounds. as well as several associated I habitation areas. Archaeological evidence found at I SERVING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL Ratto Canyon has confirmed that despite the impor­ I COMMUNITY tant role played by the Carbonart in Eureka's mining I boom. the sudden opulence enjoyed by miner and smelter owner was not shared by these Italian and I Custom maps, graphs, charts and Swiss charcoal makers. I technical illustrations from your data. I I I I Professional Papers Quality output CRMReports Transparencies Dissertations Slides I Theses B&W, Color I I I I <]IS, dBase and surveymg services available. I I P.O. Box 1226 I San Gabriel, CA 91776 I (818) 382-7062 I I

L ------·-- - · SCA Newsletter 27 (2) 16 March 1993 Society For California Archaeology * Education and Research * Advocacy for Preservation * Professional Meetings and Publications fhe Society for California Archaeology is a non-profit scientific and educational organization dedicated to research, understanding and conservation of archaeological resources. Membership is open to everyone with an interest in California archaeology.

SCA promotes cooperation among archae­ and developers understand their obligations ologists in California by: 1) conducting and opportunities to manage archaeological symposia and meetings to share informa­ sites; 2) representing the concerns of Cal­ tion on new discoveries and techniques; 2) ifornia archaeologists before government publishing an annual Proceedings on commissions and agencies, and on legisla­ archaeological research in California; 3) tion; 3) encouraging the conservation of publishing a Newsletter on current topics of archaeological resources for future research concern, with news and commentaries; and and public interpretation; 4) discouraging 4) promoting standards and ethical guide­ vandalism and exploitation of archaeological lines for the practice of archaeology. resources; 5) recognizing the significance that many sites possess for ethnic and local The Society seeks to increase public appre­ communities; and 6) encouraging respect, ciation and support for archaeology in Cal­ appreciation and a better understanding of ifornia by: 1) helping planners, landowners California's diverse cultural heritage.

Categories of Membership Name: ______93/94 _ Regular $ 35 Affiliation (if needed for address): ______Institutional $ 35 _Student $ 12 _Spouse $ 15 Address: ______Senior (60+) $ 15 _Contributing $100 City/State/Zip: ______Life $500 _Supporting $ 50 Daytime Phone (optional): ______

lama: Membership year April 1, 199_to March 31, 199 _ _ New Member _Renewal _Address Change Please return this form with your check to: Optional Contribution Categories: Society for California Archaeology Business Office Department of Anthropology $ __Native American Programs California State University $__ Avocational Society Award Fullerton, CA 92634 $__ SCA Endowment Fund (714) 773-3977 $ __Archaeology Week/Public Programs

I'm enclosing$__ (membership) and Office Hours: 2:00 - 5:00 p.m., Monday - Friday $ __ (optional donation) Society for California Archaeology Non-Profit Department of Anthropology U. S. Postage California State University . Paid Fullerton, CA 92634 Permit No 127 Elk Grove, CA

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Volume 27, Number 2

* April 7-1 1, 1993 Society For 1992-93 SCA Editors and California Archaeology Annual Committee Chairs Meeting. Asilomar State Conference Center, Pacific Grove. Newsletter managing editor Valerie A. Levulett :iie April 14-18, 1993. 58th Annual Meeting of layout & production Doug Bryce the Society for American Archaeology. Adams historical archaeology Judy Tordoff Mark Hotel. St. Louis, Missouri. avocational societies Anne Q. Duffield-Stoll editorial assistance * June 4-7, 1993. American Rock Art Bob Orlins & Donna Day Research Association meeting. Reno, Nevada. Proceedings Editor Martin Rosen 1993 Annual Meeting Bill Hildebrandt :iie Archaeology Week, May 10-16, 1993. program local arrangements Tom Jackson SCA Manual Development Michael Glassow * October 14-17, 1993. California Indian OHP Liaison Sandra J. Elder Conference. Santa Barbara Museum of Legislation Natural History. Contact John Johnson at John Foster, Lynn Dunbar and Sonia Tamez (80 5) 682-4711 (Extension) 306) PCL Board Member Lynn Dunbar Curation Robin Com.mans and Jim Royle * November 15-16, 1993. John Peabody Easements Bill Dreyer Harrington Conference. National SCA Archives Jane Got hold Anthropological Archives. Washington, DC. Public Interaction Ro Lisk & Beth Padon Fund Raising Jamie Cleland Avocational Society Coordination Ann Duffield-Stoll Native American Programs Phil de Barros .