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General Aviation Airport Air Monitoring Study

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General Aviation Airport Air Monitoring Study SOUTH COAST AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT General Aviation Airport Air Monitoring Study FINAL REPORT August 2010 Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX San Francisco, CA 94105 i AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS The following individuals contributed to the development, implementation, and reporting of this project. South Coast Air Quality Management District Executive Officer Barry R. Wallerstein, D.Env. Deputy Executive Officer Chung Liu, D. Env. Science and Technology Advancement AUTHORS Philip Fine Atmospheric Measurements Manager Andrea Polidori Air Quality Specialist Solomon Teffera Principal Air Quality Chemist CONTRIBUTORS Libby Ayers Meteorological Technician Steven Barbosa Principal Air Quality Chemist Paul Chavez Senior Air Quality Instrument Specialist Kevin Durkee Senior Meteorologist Rudy Eden Senior Laboratory Services Manager Sandra Hom Senior Air Quality Chemist Dan Houghton Senior Air Quality Chemist Judy Hwa Air Quality Chemist Aaron Katzenstein Program Supervisor Michael Koch Senior Air Quality Instrument Specialist Kay Liu Air Quality Chemist Jianhang Lu Air Quality Chemist Jason Low Quality Assurance Manager Paul Mayo Air Quality Instrument Specialist I Richard Parent Air Quality Instrument Specialist II Tom Parsons Atmospheric Measurements Manager Claudius Phipps Senior Air Quality Instrument Specialist Edward Ruffino Air Quality Instrument Specialist II Yang Song Air Quality Chemist Steve Taw Laboratory Technician Na Mon Trinh Assistant Air Quality Chemist Brian Vlasich Senior Air Quality Instrument Specialist Mark Von Der Au Supervising Air Quality Inspector Sumner Wilson Principal Air Quality Instrument Specialist Robert Yi Air Quality Chemist i TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURE AND TABLE CAPTIONS ......................................................................................................... III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ IX BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ IX OBJECTIVE ....................................................................................................................................... IX METHODS ......................................................................................................................................... IX KEY FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................. X CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. XII INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 REGULATORY BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 1 AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS .................................................................................................................... 1 RESULTS FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES ........................................................................................... 3 CURRENT STUDY ON GENERAL AVATION ................................................................................ 5 The Van Nuys Airport (VNA) ........................................................................................................ 6 The Santa Monica Municipal Airport (SMO) ............................................................................... 7 METHODS.................................................................................................................................................... 7 MONITORING SITES AT THE VAN NUYS AIRPORT ................................................................... 7 Van Nuys Airport Sampling Loctions ........................................................................................... 9 MONITORING SITES AT THE SANTA MONICA AIRPORT ....................................................... 10 Santa Monica Airport Sampling Location .................................................................................. 11 MEASURED POLLUTANTS ........................................................................................................... 13 SAMPLING SCHEDULE ................................................................................................................. 13 LABORATORY ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 14 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................. 16 METEOROLOGY ............................................................................................................................. 16 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 16 Santa Monica Airport ................................................................................................................. 17 LEAD................................................................................................................................................. 18 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 18 Santa Monica Airport ................................................................................................................. 20 EAST TARMAC SITE (METHOD COMPARISON) ....................................................................... 22 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOC) ............................................................................... 24 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 25 Santa Monica Airport ................................................................................................................. 28 EIGHT-HOUR VOC ......................................................................................................................... 31 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 31 Santa Monica Airport ................................................................................................................. 33 CARBONYLS ................................................................................................................................... 34 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 34 Santa Monica Airport ................................................................................................................. 36 PM2.5 MASS, ELEMENTAL AND ORGANIC CARBON ............................................................... 38 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 38 Santa Monica Airport ................................................................................................................. 41 ULTRAFINE PARTICLES ............................................................................................................... 44 Van Nuys Airport ........................................................................................................................ 44 Phase 1(November 2005 - March 2006) .......................................................................... 44 Phase 2 (July - September, 2006) .................................................................................... 47 i Santa Monica Airport ........................................................................................................................ 50 Phase 1(April - July, 2006) .............................................................................................. 50 Phase 2 (October 2006 - February 2007) ........................................................................ 55 DAILY CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) VARIATIONS ..................................................................... 58 TRACE ELEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 61 JET SIGNATURES ........................................................................................................................... 64 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................... 70 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 71 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................... 72 APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................................ 77 ii FIGURE AND TABLE CAPTIONS Figure 1 A current aerial view of the Van Nuys Airport Figure 2 A current aerial view of the Santa Monica Airport Figure 3 Map of the Van Nuys Airport sampling sites. Yellow and blue circles represent “fully” and “partially” instrumented sites, respectively (see text for details) Figure 4 Map of the Santa Monica Airport sampling
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