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Best Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement

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Best Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement Best Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement – An Introduction for Policy Makers Best Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement – An Introduction for Policy Makers Authors Steven Fawkes Kit Oung David Thorpe Publication Coordinator Xianli Zhu Reviewers Xianli Zhu Stephane de la Rue du Can Timothy C Farrell February 2016 Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency UNEP DTU Partnership Marmorvej 51 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Phone: +45 4533 5310 http://www.energyefficiencycentre.org Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-87-93130-81-4 Photo acknowledgement Front cover photo – S.H. This book can be downloaded from http://www.energyefficiencycentre.org Please use the following reference when quoting this publication: Fawkes, S., Oung, K., Thorpe, D., 2016. Best Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement – An Introduction for Policy Makers. Copenhagen: UNEP DTU Partnership. Disclaimer: This book is intended to assist countries to improve energy efficiency in the industrial sector. The findings, suggestions, and conclusions presented in this publication are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to SE4All, UNEP, or the Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency. Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................9 1. Energy and Industry ..................................................................................................................................13 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................11 1.2 Global energy use ............................................................................................................................................11 1.3 Looking forward to 2040............................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Industrial energy usage ................................................................................................................................. 13 1.5 Energy intensity is falling but needs to be accelerated .......................................................................14 2. The Case for a Strong Energy Efficiency Policy for Industry ..........................................15 2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 The difficulties that energy efficiency policy presents .......................................................................16 2.3 The case for a strong energy efficiency policy ......................................................................................16 2.4 The multiple non-energy benefits of improving energy efficiency ................................................19 2.5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 3. Energy Efficiency – What Does It Mean and What Is the Potential in Industry? .........................................................................................23 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................23 3.2 What do we really mean by energy efficiency? .....................................................................................23 3.3 What do we mean by the potential for energy efficiency? .................................................................27 3.5 Is there a limit to energy efficiency? ......................................................................................................... 31 3.6 Comparing the energy efficiency resource to oil and gas resources ..............................................32 3.7 The rebound effect .........................................................................................................................................33 4. The Management and Technology of Improving Energy Efficiency in Industry .......................................................................................................................................................35 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................35 4.2 Energy management as a discipline ..........................................................................................................35 4.3 A structured approach to energy management .................................................................................... 36 4.4 Standardising energy management systems through ISO 50001 ..................................................... 39 4.5 Measurement and Verification (M&V) ....................................................................................................41 4.6 Technologies for energy efficiency .......................................................................................................... 42 4.7 Shortlist of energy efficiency opportunities in key industrial sectors .......................................... 56 4.8 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................... 62 5. Barriers to Improving Energy Efficiency in Industry ...........................................................63 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 63 5.2 Government and policy barriers ............................................................................................................... 63 5.3 Barriers within enterprises .........................................................................................................................66 5.4 Conclusions .....................................................................................................................................................70 6. Establishing Policy and Basic Policy Levers ...............................................................................71 6.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................71 6.2 Organizational infrastructure .....................................................................................................................71 6.3 Prioritisation ....................................................................................................................................................72 6.4 General principles ..........................................................................................................................................72 6.5 Measuring policy outcomes ........................................................................................................................75 6.6 Basic policy options ...................................................................................................................................... 77 6.7 Sources of help ...............................................................................................................................................79 7. Information-led and Capacity Building Policies ......................................................................83 7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 83 7.2 Provision and dissemination of information .........................................................................................84 7.3 Product labelling ............................................................................................................................................88 7.4 Capacity-building through energy management training .................................................................90 7.5 Capacity building by promoting standards such as ISO 50001 and IPMVP ................................ 93 7.6 Recognition and reward programmes .....................................................................................................98 7.7 Conclusions .....................................................................................................................................................99 8. Institutional, Regulatory and Legal Policies.............................................................................101 8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 101 8.2 Voluntary negotiated agreements ............................................................................................................102 8.3 Mandatory measures ...................................................................................................................................102
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