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Endoparasites of Western Slimy Salamanders, Plethodon Albagula (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Arkansas

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Endoparasites of Western Slimy Salamanders, Plethodon Albagula (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Arkansas J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 60(1), 1993, pp. 124-126 Research Note Endoparasites of Western Slimy Salamanders, Plethodon albagula (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Arkansas CHRIS T. MCALLISTER,' STEVE J. UrroN,2 AND STANLEY E. TRAUTH3 1 Renal-Metabolic Lab (151-G), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, Texas 75216, 2 Division of Biology, Ackert Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, and 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72467 ABSTRACT: Thirty-seven western slimy salamanders, al. (1986) found the protozoan Cepedietta mi- Plethodon albagula Grobman, 1944, collected between chiganensis (Woodhead, 1928) Corliss, de Puy- December 1988 and March 1992 from 10 counties of Arkansas, were examined for endoparasites. Fourteen torac, and Lorn, 1965, and unidentified imma- (38%) were infected with 1 or more parasites: 2 (5%) ture oxyuroids in a small sample of P. glutinosus with Cepedietta michiganensis (Woodhead, 1928) Cor- (=albaguld) from Arkansas. To our knowledge, liss, de Puytorac, and Lorn, 1965, 4 (11%) with an nothing else has been published on its parasites. isosporan, 10 (27%) with Cylindrotaenia americana Herein, we report several endoparasites from P. Jewell, 1916, 4 (11%) with Batracholandros salaman- drae (Schad, 1960) Fetter and Quentin, 1976, and 1 albagula. (3%) with an acanthocephalan cystacanth. In addition, Between December 1988 and March 1992, 37 3 (8%) salamanders harbored an intraerythocytic in- juvenile and adult (x ± SEM snout-vent length clusion, Cytamoeba bactifera Labbe, 1894, thought by [SVL] = 53.9 ± 0.2, range 23-86 mm) P. alba- some to represent a protozoan of undetermined tax- onomic status. This note represents only the second gula were collected by hand from the following time an isosporan has been reported from salamanders locations (sample sizes in parentheses): Garland of the world. With the exception of C. michiganensis, (7), Grant (6), Jackson (1), Newton (6), Perry (2), new host and distributional records are documented Polk (2), Pope (2), Saline (1), Stone (7), and for these parasites of P. albagula. White (3) counties of Arkansas and examined for KEY WORDS: Isospora sp., Cylindrotaenia ameri- cana, Plethodon albagula, Plethodontidae, Caudata, endoparasites. Methods for salamander necrop- Batracholandros salamandrae, acanthocephalan cys- sy, coccidial isolation, and preparation and stain- tacanth, Cepedietta michiganensis, Cytamoeba bacti- ing of blood smears and helminths follow Mc- fera. Allister and Upton (1987). Voucher specimens of salamanders are deposited in the Arkansas The western slimy salamander, Plethodon al- State University Museum of Zoology (ASUMZ bagula Grobman, 1944, is a large plethodontid 13136-37, 15462-67, 18019-21, 18273-75, that ranges from southern Missouri southward 18277-79, and 18371-79). Specimens of para- through Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma; dis- sites are deposited in the U.S. National Parasite junct populations occur on the Balcones Escarp- Collection, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, as fol- ment of southcentral Texas (Dixon, 1987; Co- lows: Cepedietta michiganensis (USNM 82341), nant and Collins, 1991). This taxon was once Cylindrotaenia americana (USNM 82217), recognized as a subspecies of the northern slimy Batracholandros salamandrae (USNM 82343), salamander, P. glutinosus (Green, 1818), but has and acanthocephalan cystacanth (USNM been distinguished biochemically from it as well 82342). as 14 other species of the complex (Highton et Fourteen (38%) of the P. albagula were in- a\., V989). Although much is known about par- fected, including 2 (5%) with Cepedietta. michi- asites of eastern members of the P. glutinosus ganensis, 4 (11%) with an Isospora sp., 10 (27%) complex (Rankin, 1937a, b; Fischthal, 1955; with Cylindrotaenia americana (Jewell, 1916), 4 Cheng, 1958, 1960; Powders, 1970; Dunbar and (11%) with Batracholandros salamandrae (Schad, Moore, 1979; and others), little is known re- 1960) Fetter and Quentin, 1976, and 1 (3%) with garding parasites of P. glutinosus-like salaman- an acanthocephalan cystacanth. In addition, 3 ders found west of the Mississippi River. Byrd (8%) salamanders harbored Cytamoeba bactifera (1937) and Rabalais (1970) reported Brachycoe- Labbe, 1894. lium salamandrae (Frolich, 1789) Dujardin, Heavy infections of the astomatous ciliate Ce- 1845, from P. glutinosus in Louisiana. Winter et pedietta michiganensis were found in the gall 124 Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 125 bladder and small intestine of 2 adult P. albagula Tennessee (Dunbar and Moore, 1979). Winter et (male, 66 mm SVL, ASUMZ 18375; female, 78 al. (1986) reported unknown nematotaeniids from mm SVL, ASUMZ 18371) collected in March P. caddoensis, P. fourchensis, P. ouachitae, P. 1992 from Grant and Garland counties, respec- serratus, and Desmognathus brimleyorum from tively. Winter et al. (1986) reported this ciliate western Arkansas, although none of the 5 P. al- from a single P. albagula from the western bagula they examined was infected with ces- Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. In addition, todes. Thus, P. albagula represents a new host, these same authors reported C. michiganensis and Arkansas a new locality, for C. americana. from Plethodon fourchensis and P. ouachitae. Sixteen oxyurid nematodes, Batracholandros There appears to be little host specificity for C. salamandrae (mean intensity = 4.0 ± 1.4, range michiganensis, as the following ambystomatid 3-6), were found in the rectum of 4 P. albagula and plethodontid salamanders have also been (2 males, 2 females, 64.0 ± 7.2, 44-78 mm SVL, reported as hosts: Ambystomajeffersonianum, A. ASUMZ 19371, 18373-75) collected during opacum, Desmognathus fuscus, D. monticola, March 1992 from Garland, Grant, and Stone Eurycea bislineata, E. longicauda, Hemidacty- counties. This parasite was originally described lium scutatum, P. cinereus, P. jordani, P. gluti- from Aneides hardii in New Mexico (Schad, nosus, and Pseudotriton montanus (see Powders, 1960). Other salamander hosts include P. neo- 1967). mexicanus from New Mexico (Panitz, 1967), P. The 4 salamanders passing isosporan oocysts elongatus, P. stormi, and P. vehiculum from Or- in the feces were collected in May 1989 and March egon (Panitz, 1969), and D. ochrophaeus, E. bis- 1992 from Pope, Grant, and Garland counties. lineata, P. glutinosus, P. richmondi, and P. ruber Unfortunately, not enough oocysts completed from Tennessee (Dunbar and Moore, 1979). The sporulation to determine specific identification related Batracholandros magnavulvaris (Rankin, of the coccidian. Doran (1953) described I. jef- 1937) Petter and Quentin, 1976, was reported fersonianum from the Jefferson salamander, Am- from P. glutinosus from North Carolina (Rankin, bystomajeffersonianum (Green, 1827) in north- 1937b) and, although not yet found in P. alba- central (Bemidji, Beltrami County) Minnesota; gula, was reported from 5 other salamanders in however, A. jeffersonianum is not known to oc- Arkansas (Winter et al., 1986). cur in Minnesota (Conant and Collins, 1991). A single acanthocephalan cystacanth was re- The type host is most likely the blue-spotted sal- covered from the mesenteries of an adult female amander, A. laterale, or a hybrid of the A. latera- P. albagula (68 mm SVL, ASUMZ 18374) col- le-jeffersonianum complex (see Lowcock et al., lected in March 1992 from Stone County. Cysts 1987). Ambystomatids and plethodontids be- of Acanthocephalus acutulus Van Cleave, 1931, long to separate salamander families and are un- have been reported from P. glutinosus as well as related phylogenetically; therefore, it is doubtful numerous other salamanders from North Car- the isosporan reported herein is the same species olina (Rankin, 1937a). reported from A. jeffersonianum. Thus, addi- Blood smears of 3 adult salamanders (2 males, tional specimens will need to be recovered in 1 female, 66-75 mm SVL, ASUMZ 18375, order to describe the new species. 18378-79) revealed the intraerythrocytic organ- A total of 51 C. americana (mean intensity = ism Cytamoeba bactifera. Rankin (1937a) re- 5.1, range 1-15) was recovered from the small ported C. bactifera from P. glutinosus in North intestine of 10 P. albagula (5 males, 5 females, Carolina as well as Notophthalmus viridescens, 66.3 ± 3.8, 44-86 mm SVL, ASUMZ 18019- D. fuscus, D. phoca, D. quadramaculatus, P. ru- 21, 18371-75, 18378-79) collected in December ber, E. guttolineata, A. maculatum, A. opacum, 1991 and March 1992 from Garland, Grant, and and P. cinereus. In addition, Lehmann (1961) White counties. McAllister (1991) provided a reported on the morphology and prevalence of summation of the amphibians and reptiles of the C. bactifera in salamanders from California. world reported to be hosts of C. americana. In The taxonomic status of C. bactifera is cur- North America, the parasite has been found in rently unknown. Ayala (1978) considered C. bac- various hosts from 17 states ranging from Wash- tifera to be a bacterium or virus, whereas cyto- ington, Oregon, and California east to Maine and chemical studies by de Sousa and Freire (1975) south to Florida and Texas. Of the 9 species of suggested it may actually represent a rickettsial salamanders listed as hosts, 8 are plethodontids, agent or chlamydian. More recently, Bovee (1985) including the related P. glutinosus from eastern recognized this organism as belonging to the sub- Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 126 phylum Sarcodina, class
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