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Investigation of in Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Cinnamomum Camphor Leaves

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Investigation of in Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Cinnamomum Camphor Leaves International Journal of Drug Development & Research | Jan-March 2011 | Vol. 3 | Issue 1 | ISSN 0975-9344 | Available online http://www.ijddr.in Covered in Official Product of Elsevier, The Netherlands ©2010 IJDDR Investigation of in Vitro Anthelmintic activity of Cinnamomum Camphor Leaves HAQUE RABIUL1, MONDAL SUBHASISH2, GHOSH PARAG2, *1Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Technology & Marine Engineering, D.H.Road, West Bengal, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur university,West Bengal, India. C o Abstract Key words: v The aqueous extract of Cinnamomum camphorLeaves Cinnamomum camphor Leaves, , vermicidal, e r was investigated for an thelmintic activity using anthelmintic activity e d earthworms(Pheretima posthuma), tapeworms i (Raillietina spiralis) and rou ndworms (Ascaridia galli). n How to Cite this Paper: O Various concentrations (10-70 mg/ml) of plant extract Haque Rabiu, Mondal Subhasish, Ghosh f were tested in the bioassay. Piperazine citrate (10 f Parag, “Investigation of in Vitro Anthelmintic i F mg/ml) was used as reference standard drug whereas c u i activity of Cinnamomum Camphor Leaves”, Int. J. a l distilled water as control.Determination of paralysis l l Drug Dev. & Res., Jan-March 2011, 3(1): 295-300 time and death time of the worms were recorded. L P e r Extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at the n o g concentration of 50 mg/ml. The result shows that Copyright © 2010 IJDDR, Haque Rabiu et al. d t u h aqueous extract possesses ve rmicidal activity and found This is an open access paper distributed under the c t R to be effective as an anthelmintic. Therefore, the copyright agreement with Serials Publication, which o e anthelmintic activity of the aqueous extract of s f permits unrestricted use, distribution, and e E Cinnamomum camphorLeaves has been reported. a reproduction in any medium, provided the original l r Introduction s c e work is properly cited. h Infections with helminth are among the most v i P widespread infections in humans and other domestic e a r animals affecting a large number of world population. Article History:------------------------ p , e T The majority of these infections due to worms are Date of Submission: 23-10-2010 r h generally restricted mainly to the tropical regions and Date of Acceptance : 25-01-2011 e N the occurance is accelerated due to unhygienic lifestyle Conflict of Interest: NIL e and poverty also resulting in the development of Source of Support NONE t : h symtomps like anaemia, eosinophilia and pneumonia1. e r Parasitic diseases cause ruthless morbidity affecting l a principally in population. Introduction: n Synonym: Camphor tree, Gum camphor, camphor d s laurel.[1,2,3,45,] Botanical name: Cinnamomum *Corresponding author, Mailing address: camphorScientific Classification:Kingdom- Planate Prof ( Dr) Rabiul Haque, Subkingdom- Tracheobionta, Superdivision- Institute of Technology & Marine Engineering. South 24 Parganas, Spermatophyta Division- Magnoliophyta, Class- West Bengal, Magnoliopsida ,Subclass –Magnoliidae, Order- India. Phone-+91 98317-8 5874. E-mail- [email protected] Laurales Family- Lauraceae, Genus- Cinnamomum Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., Jan-March 2011, 3 (1): 295-300 Covered in Scopus & Embase, Elsevier 295 Haque Rabiul et al: Investigation of in Vitro Anthelmintic activity of Cinnamomum Camphor Leaves ,Species- Cinnamomum verum, Cinnamon is from a rough and fissured vertically.Camphor is a white tropical ever green tree of the laurel family growing crystalline substance, obtained from the tree up to 7m(56feet) in itswild state. It has thick Cinnamomum camphora.Camphor has been[6,7,8,9] scabrous bark, strong branches, young shoots, used for many centuries as a culinary spice, a speckled greeny orange. The bark is smooth and component of incense, and as a medicine. Camphor yellowish. The leaves are ovate, petiolate,deeply is also an insect repellent and a flea-killing veined leaves that are dark green on top, lightgreen substance.Cinnamomum camphora is native to C underneath. They become leathery when Taiwan, southern Japan, southeast China and o v matureupper side shiny green, under side lighter. Indochina, where it is also cultivated for camphor e r When bruished they smell spicy and have a hot taste. and timber production. The production and e d The flowers are yellowish white with disaggreable shipment of camphor, in a solid, waxy form, was a i odour that bears dark berries. The fruit is an oval major industry in Taiwan prior to and during the n berry like an acron in its receptical is bluish when Japanese colonial era (1895–1945). It was used O f ripe with white spots on it, bigger than a medicinally and was also an important ingredient in f i F c blackberry.Chemical constituents: Cinnamaldehyde, the production of smokeless gunpowder and u i a l mannitol, coumarins, gum, tannins, essential oils celluloid. Primitive stills were set up in the l l L P (aldehyde,eugenol, pinene). mountainous areas in which the tree is usually e r n o [www.globalresearchonline.net] It is one of the major found. The wood was chipped; these chips were g d t components in Ayurvedic medicine, which has been steamed in a retort, allowing the camphor to u h c practiced in India since many centuries. The is an crystallize on the inside of a crystallization box, after t R o e ancient Indian cure-all due to its antibacterial, the vapour had passed through a cooling chamber. It s f e E antifungal, antiviral, antihistamine and antiseptic was then scraped off and packed out to government- a l r s properties.The Cinnamomum camphor leaves, run factories for processing and sale. Camphor was c e h v flowers, seeds, roots, bark and fruits are utilized to one of the most lucrative of several important i P e treat inflammation, infections, skin diseases. government monopolies under the Japanese.In the a r p , Antihelminthics or anthelmintics are drugs that ancient and medieval Middle East and Europe, e T r h expelparasitic worms (helminthes) from the body by camphor was used as ingredient for sweets but it is e either stunning or killing them. They may also be now mainly used for medicinal purposes. For N called vermifuges (stunning) or vermicides (killing). example, camphor was used as a flavoring in e t h The worms causing heliminthiasis are Round worms, confections resembling ice cream in China during the e Hook worms, Tape worms, Pin worms, Whip worms Tang dynasty (AD 618–907). An anonymous r l a e.t.c. Andalusian cookbook of the 13th century contains a n d Cinnamomum camphora (commonly known as recipe for meat with apples, which is flavored with s [1] Camphor tree, Camphorwood or camphor camphor and musk. A 13th century recipe for laurel) is a large evergreen tree that grows up to "Honeyed Dates" is also flavored with Camphor.[2] By 20–30 metres tall. The leaves have a glossy, waxy the time of the Renaissance, camphor as a culinary appearance and smell of camphor when crushed. In ingredient had fallen into disuse in Europe.Today, spring it produces bright green foliage with masses of camphor is widely used in cooking (mainly for small white flowers. It produces clusters of black dessert dishes such as kheer or paal paayasam) in berry-like fruit around one centimetre in diameter. It India where it is known as pachha karpooram has a pale bark that is very (literally meaning "green camphor"). It is widely Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res., Jan-March 2011, 3 (1): 295-300 Covered in Scopus & Embase, Elsevier 296 Haque Rabiul et al: Investigation of in Vitro Anthelmintic activity of Cinnamomum Camphor Leaves available at Indian grocery stores and is labeled as called chemotypes, which are camphor, linalool, 1,8- "edible camphor". In Hindu poojas and ceremonies, cineole, nerolidol, safrole, or borneol. In China field camphor is burned in a ceremonial spoon or plates workers avoid mixing chemotypes when harvesting for performing aarti. This type of camphor is also by their odour.[8][9] The cineole fraction of camphor sold at Indian grocery stores but it is not suitable for laurel is used in China to manufacture fake cooking.The twigs and leaves of the camphor plant "Eucalyptus oil".[10] are used in the smoking and preparation of Zhangcha The chemical variants (or chemotypes) seem C duck, a typical banquet and celebratory dish in dependent upon the country of origin of the tree. The o v Szechuan cuisine tree is native to China, Japan, and Taiwan. It has e r been introduced to the other countries where it has e d In India's ancient Ayurvedic Medical texts it is been found, and the chemical variants are i explained that every part of the : Cinnamomum identifiable by country. i.e., Cinnamomum camphora n camphor tree has health promoting benefits. What is grown in Taiwan and Japan, (often commonly called O f clear from the above information is that the general "Ho Wood") is normally very high in Linalool, often f i F c population of India for, over 5000 years, has used : between 80 and 85%. In India and Sri Lanka the high u i a l Cinnamomum camphor safely and effectively. It is camphor variety/chemotype remains dominant. The l l L P also called Holy Tree (: Cinnamomum camphor In Cinnamomum camphora grown in Madagascar, on e r n o ancient times neem was the most celebrated the other hand, is high in 1,8 Cineole (averaging g d t medicinal plant of India and found mention in a between 40 and 50%. The essential oil from the u h c number of Puranic texts like the Atharava Veda, Madagascar trees is commercially known as t R o e Upanivahod, Amarkosha and Ghrysutra.
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