Biology 58 (2008) 91–112 www.brill.nl/ab

A new from North America: Frederickus (Araneae: )

Pierre Paquin,1,* Nadine Dupérré,2 Donald J. Buckle,3 and Rodney L. Crawford4 1Cave and Endangered Invertebrate Research Laboratory, SWCA Environmental Consultants, 4407 Monterey Oaks Boulevard, Building 1, Suite 110, Austin, Texas, 78749, USA. 212 Chemin Saxby Sud, Shefford, Québec, J2M 1S2, Canada. 3620 Albert Avenue, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 1G7, Canada. 4Burke Museum, University of Washington, Box 353010, Seattle, Washington 98195-3010, USA.

Abstract Frederickus, gen. nov. (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) is described in honor of Dr. Frederick A. Coyle. The genus is diagnosed by the combination of scattered hair-tipped tubercles on the chelicerae, and male palp with a long straight distal suprategular apophysis (DSA) paralleled by the embolic membrane (EM). Two species are included: Frederickus coylei sp. nov. and Frederickus wilburi (Levi and Levi, 1955) comb. nov. transferred from Collinsia (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1913). Frederickus coylei was previously known as Spirembolus vasingtonus, a nomen nudum. A phylogenetic analysis based on morphology places Frederickus in the “distal erigonines” of Miller and Hormiga (2004). The addition of Frederickus to the character matrix leads to important changes of the relationships within the distal erigonine clade suggesting phylo- genetic instability in that clade. Diagnoses, descriptions, locality records, habitat information and distri- bution maps are given for the two species.

Keywords Phylogenetic stability; new taxa; spider fauna; Erigoninae; .

Introduction In his 1949 paper, R.V. Chamberlin described 82 miscellaneous new species and varieties of erigonine from material he had accumulated over the years but not treated in his previous papers. Many of these descriptions were based on one or a few specimens, often only females. Some of the names he established are now syno- nyms while others remain doubtful. Among the many incongruities in this paper

*) Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] This is publication no. 5 of the Karst Biosciences and Environmental Geophysics Research Laboratories, SWCA Environmental Consultants.

© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2008 DOI: 10.1163/157075608X303663 92 P. Paquin et al. / Animal Biology 58 (2008) 91–112 was an illustration of an epigynum (p. 504, fig. 82), accompanied by the legend ‘Spirembolus vasingtonus, new species. Epigynum.’ There was no text description of the species. ICZN Article 13.1 states that, after 1930, a text description is required for the valid creation of a species name (ICZN, 1999), so Spirembolus vasingtonus is a nomen nudum. For lack of an available name, the nomen nudum has been widely used to refer to this species, which can be recognized, without difficulty, from the illustration. In his revision of Spirembolus, Millidge (1980:113) noted that vasing- tonus was a nomen nudum. He determined that the species did not belong in Spirembolus but did not transfer it elsewhere. Crawford (1988) also stated that vas- ingtonus was not a Spirembolus and that it belonged in a new genus along with Collinsia wilburi Levi and Levi, 1955, misplaced in Collinsia. A detailed study of specimens of both species has confirmed their close relationship, and the necessity of creating a new genus to accommodate them.

Material and methods Specimens were examined in 70% ethanol under a SMZ-U Nikon dissection micro- scope. A Nikon Coolpix 950 digital camera was attached to the microscope for photo- graphing the structures to be illustrated. The digital photos thus obtained were traced to establish proportions and the illustrations detailed and shaded by referring back to the structure under the microscope. Female genitalia were excised using a sharp ento- mological needle and cleared in lactic acid. A temporary lactic acid mount was used to examine the genitalia under an AmScope XSG Series T-500 microscope, which were photographed and illustrated as explained above. Tracheal preparations were made by the immersion of specimens in 10% KOH for 24–48 hours, followed by staining with a 70% alcoholic solution of Chlorazol Black. All measurements were made using a micrometric ruler fitted to a microscope eyepiece. Five specimens of each sex and spe- cies were measured for the descriptions. Calculation for the location of Tm I follows Denis (1949). Colour description was done using traditional colour names in addition to matching the colour to a RGB chart available on-line (www.brobstsystems.com/colors2.htm). The colour names were then transcribed into a HTML 6 digit code and added to the descriptions. Despite potential distortion due to monitor calibration, this method provides a better description of the colours than traditional terminology only. Specimens studied were from the Canadian National Collection of Insects and , Ottawa, Ontario (CNC), American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH), Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (MCZ), University of Washington, Burke Museum, Seattle, Washington (UWBM), the USDA Forest Service Insect Collection, Corvallis, Oregon (USFS), the Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia (RBCM), the Robb G. Bennett collection, Victoria, British Columbia (RGB), the Donald J. Buckle col- lection, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (DJB), and the Collection Paquin-Dupérré, Shefford, Québec (CPAD).