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Production, Consumption and Foreign Trade of Honey in Poland in the Years 2004 to 2015 97 Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa I Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, T

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Production, Consumption and Foreign Trade of Honey in Poland in the Years 2004 to 2015 97 Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa I Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich, T PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND FOREIGN TRADE OF HONEY IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004 TO 2015 97 ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE EKONOMII ROLNICTWA I ROZWOJU OBSZARÓW WIEJSKICH, T. 103, z. 4, 2016 PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND FOREIGN TRADE OF HONEY IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004 TO 2015 Agnieszka Borowska Department of Economics and Economic Policy Warsaw University of Life Sciences Head of Department: dr hab. Alina Daniłowska, prof. SGGW Key words: honey, productions, consumptions, foreign trade, prices, distribution Słowa kluczowe: miód, produkcja, konsumpcja, handel zagraniczny, ceny, dystrybucja A b s t r a c t. Changes in the beekeeping sector in Poland in the years 2004 to 2015 with particular focus on regional differences are discussed. The article inform about the production and specifics of sale, prices of honey in purchasing centers and on retail and wholesale markets is discussed. The foreign trade of honey in respect of its value and volume is reviewed, and honey consumption per household and per capita is characterized. INTRODUCTION Poland’s accession to the EU in 2004 contributed to more dynamic development of the beekeeping sector. Because of opportunities of getting support under national beekeep- ing schemes [EC 2013a], integration of bee-keepers, as well as standing education of the latter, bee-keepers undertook formal and administrative steps in order to modernize and upgrade their apiaries, including the production of honey and other apiary products. China is the world’s leader in honey production, it produces approx. 27% of the global volume, i.e. more than 450 Kt1 in 2013. China is followed by the EU, which accounts for approx. 11-13% of the global honey output (more than 204-220 Kt in the period 2010-2013). The 2013 honey-producing leaders in the EU included Spain (30.6 Kt), Romania (26.6 Kt), Hungary (18.5 Kt), Germany (15.7 Kt) and Poland (15.4 Kt). Due to a growing role and position of Poland in honey production and trade in the EU, the article highlights changes which have been undergoing in the production, supply and international trade, as well as in honey prices (direct, wholesale and retail); the focus is also put on its distribution and household consumption in the period 2004-2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS The objective of this paper is to show changes in the honey market in Poland in the years 2004-2015, with particular account for the differences between the regions. The article 1 Kt – thousand tonnes. 98 AGNIESZKA BOROWSKA takes account of honey production and sales characteristics, wholesale, retail and buying- in prices; the author also elaborates on the international trade in honey – its value and volume, and describes its household and per capita consumption.The secondary sources of information, including the statistical yearbooks issued by the Central Statistical Of- fice (CSO), the reports and studies of S. Pieniążek Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice Division of Apiculture in Puławy, the materials of the Polish Association of Beekeepers, and the INTRASTAT 2016, FAOSTAT 2016. The compara- tive and descriptive methods have been applied in the analysis of the research problem. PRODUCTION OF HONEY IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2010 TO 2015 According to FAOSTAT, in 2013 the world production of honey stood at close to 1 664 thousand tonnes with the increase of almost 1/3 over the two decades. 46% of pro- duction volume concentrated primarily in Asia where from 1990 the production grew by more than a half up to 737.5 Kt and especially in China where the production amounted to 466.3 thousand tonnes i.e. about 29% of the global production volume [Borowska 2011b]. The share of both continental Americas in the production of honey dropped (to about 20 %), the similar level of about 22 to 24% was maintained in Europe, while Ukraine (73 Kt) and Russia (68 Kt) together with production of 38.7% of the European honey (over 142 Kt) were the leaders (tab. 1.). Table 1. Production of honey in the years 2003 to 2013 No. Country Production in year [thous. t] 2003- 2013 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 [%] World + (Total) 1328 1365 1418 1505 1462 1521 1510 1547 1573 1593 1664 123 1. China, 301 303 305 343 360 414 412 417 461 468 450 143 mainland 2. Turkey 70 74 82 84 74 81 82 81 94 88 95 134 3. Argentina 75 80 110 105 81 72 62 59 74 76 80 120 4. Ukraine 54 58 71 76 68 75 74 71 40 70 74 168 5. United 82 83 73 70 67 74 66 80 67 67 68 87 States of America 6. Russian 48 53 52 56 54 57 54 52 60 65 68 138 Federation 7. India 52 52 52 52 51 55 55 60 60 61 61 117 8. Mexico 57 57 51 56 55 55 56 56 58 59 57 101 9. Iran 15 29 35 36 47 41 46 47 48 48 44 243 10. Ethiopia 38 41 36 51 42 42 42 54 40 46 13 66 24. Poland 12 12 10 14 15 14 14 12 13 12 15 135 Source: FAOSTAT (03.03.2016). PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND FOREIGN TRADE OF HONEY IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 2004 TO 2015 TO 2004 YEARS THE IN POLAND IN HONEY OF TRADE FOREIGN AND CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, Table 2. Production of honey in Poland in the years 2004-2015 Province Production in year 2004- 2015 [%] 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* Poland [t] 11 957 9 955 13 546 14 954 14 007 14 007 12 467 13 369 12 176 15 498 12 836 22 058 185 Total [%] 100% Lubelskie 15 16 16 15 5 11 11 11 10 14 12 14 172 Podkarpackie 11 7 11 7 6 11 5 8 9 11 7 12 206 Małopolskie 6 8 11 7 7 7 9 8 4 7 4 12 357 Warmińsko- 12 12 8 13 13 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 161 mazurskie Wielkopolskie 10 8 11 9 12 9 12 11 12 9 12 9 161 Mazowieckie 9 8 6 4 6 11 11 7 6 5 5 8 161 Zachodniopomorskie 3 3 2 3 6 5 5 4 5 4 5 6 371 Kujawsko-pomorskie 4 5 4 4 4 3 2 1 5 3 5 5 243 Dolnośląskie 9 10 8 9 11 10 9 10 9 8 9 5 105 Świętokrzyskie 1 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 2 5 4 4 485 Łódzkie 3 3 3 4 5 3 3 5 6 4 5 4 222 Lubuskie 6 6 5 4 5 5 4 6 4 6 4 3 99 Śląskie 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 135 Pomorskie 2 2 4 5 5 4 3 3 5 3 4 2 207 Opolskie 3 3 2 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 2 2 109 Podlaskie 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 2 179 Source: own calculations based on [CSO 2005-2015, 2009, p. 31; 2011-2015]. 99 100 AGNIESZKA BOROWSKA In 2013 the EU-27 countries delivered 188 thousand tonnes. Taking into considera- tion the 30 largest honey producers in the world, the leading China was followed by the beekeepers from Turkey (94 Kt), Argentina (80 Kt), USA (67 Kt), India (61 Kt), Mexico (57 Kt), Ethiopia (45 Kt), Brazil (35 Kt), Iran (44 Kt), and Poland, with the production of about 12-14 Kt, took 25 or 30th position (tab. 1.). In Poland honey was the main source of income for the beekeepers. Other bee products, such as the multiflower honey, bee venom, beeswax, propolis, pollen and bee bread was acquired in small amounts [Cichoń, Wilde 1996]. The year 2015 was favorable for the Polish beekeepers who harvested over 72% (i.e. 9.2 Kt) more honey than in the previous year with over 22 thousand tonne production. In terms of honey production years 2005, 2012 and 2014 of the last decade were unfavorable due to poor atmospheric conditions prevailing during the growth season and nectar and pollen harvest. The honey production in Poland was variable not only depending on the year but also was depended on province (tab. 2.). Most honey was harvested by the beekeepers in the Lubelskie, Podkarpackie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Wielkopolskie and Dolnośląskie provinces, while the Podlaskie, Opolskie, Pomorskie and Śląskie provinces produced the smallest volumes of honey [Majewski 2010, Wilde 2016]. The good production results of the first four provinces only gave about 43 to 45% of the total volume of honey production in the country. Con- sidering the period of 2014-2015, the production, despite annual fluctuations, increased in all regions. In the period of 2004-2015 the growth recorded in respective provinces amounted to about 5% in the Dolnośląskie province, more than 120% in the Łódzkie and Table 3. Honey output per 1 colony in Poland in 2004-2015 by province Province Output per 1 colony in year [kg] 2004-2015 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2003 = 100 Poland total 14.6 11.5 15.9 17.4 18.4 16.5 11.9 9.5 11.5 9.3 15.2 139 Małopolskie 10.0 10.3 21.8 15.9 15.8 13.7 10.2 4.2 9.5 4.7 20.3 497 Podkarpackie 18.6 9.7 19.0 17.2 11.8 20.9 10.0 9.2 13.5 6.5 19.7 322 Wielkopolskie 17.4 12.0 18.0 15.8 19.1 15.6 15.3 14.1 13.1 13.1 16.7 120 Kujawsko- 11.9 12.9 12.9 17.2 15.8 12.8 3.0 8.9 8.1 10.0 16.6 315 pomorskie Warmińsko- 16.7 14 13.5 19.4 18.4 13.7 13.0 11.6 12.8 12.3 16.5 118 mazurskie Lubelskie 16.1 11.5 18.0 18.6 23.7 14.5 11.7 7.8 13.2 8.7 16.4 191 Lubuskie 19.4 15.0 18.1 20.1 23.3 21.6 18.5 11.7 18.1 11.0 16.0 127 Mazowieckie 17.8 13.0 13.8 16.6 20.7 24.6 11.4 8.2 8.7 6.5 15.8 185 Zachodnio- 10.2 7.5 9.6 14.6 23.7 21.1 9.0 8.7 8.3 7.6 15.4 234 pomorskie Świętokrzyskie 3.5 8.0 10.0 13.8 16.4 8.5 10.3 4.4 12.5 9.4 12.6 419 Łódzkie 15.1 9.9 10.9 15.9 19.7 10.5 14.3 14.7 11.8 11.5 12.1 121 Opolskie 22.4 15.0 15.0 20.5 17.7 13.7 15.5 11.3 11.5 5.9 11.0 93 Podlaskie 11.1 11.8 12.3 15.8 17.1 15.0 14.4 15.1 15.4 17.4 10.2 109 Pomorskie 8.4 6.0 13.0 17.8 17.3 14.9 10.4 11.6 9.0 10.0 10.0 178 Dolnośląskie 13.6 12.7 17.5 20.0 22.2 20.1 15.5 11.2 11.8 11.7 9.9 86 Śląskie 18.2 13.5 16.5 15.2 17.1 20.2 10.9 6.9 6.7 6.9 9.7 77 Source: see tab.
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