Bridgewater Review Volume 33 | Issue 1 Article 1 May-2014 Bridgewater Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, May 2014 Recommended Citation Bridgewater State University. (2014). Bridgewater Review. 33(1). Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol33/iss1/1 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Bridgewater Review In this issue: TODD C. HARRIS on Organizational Justice: A Primer Also in this issue: JOEL SOKOLSKY on U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense, NORAD and the Canada Conundrum MICHAEL BOYD on Alice Munro: An Appreciation JEssICA BIRTHISEL on The pros and cons of foreign affairs explainers in The Washington Post Photo Essay by IvANA GEORGE PAUL J. MEDEIROS on The Specific Intellectuals: Foucault, Thoreau, and Berkeley Roundtable on Seamus Heaney by ELLEN SCHEIBLE Teaching Note by JOHN J. KucICH and PAMELA J. RussELL VolumeMay 2014 33 Number 1 May 2014 BRIDGEWATER STATE UNIVERSITY1 Glacial Waters no. 4 (Photograph by Ivana George). Credits for Author Photographs Andrew Holman (by Frank Gorga); Ann Brunjes (by Nina Colombotos); Ellen Scheible (by Frank Gorga); Ivana George (by Eric Bailey); Pamela Russell and John Kucich (by Amy Couto). 2 Bridgewater Review Bridgewater Review Volume 33, Number 1 May 2014 2 Editor’s Notebook EDITOR Andrew C. Holman Andrew C. Holman History & Canadian Studies 4 Organizational Justice: A Primer Todd C. Harris ASSOCIATE EDITORS Ellen Scheible 8 U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense, NORAD and the English Canada Conundrum Brian Payne Joel Sokolsky History 12 Alice Munro: An Appreciation EDITORS EMERITI Michael Boyd Michael Kryzanek 15 “Too embarrassed to ask”: The pros and cons of foreign affairs Political Science & Global Studies explainers in The Washington Post William C. Levin Jessica Birthisel Sociology 18 PHOTO ESSAY. Glacial Waters Barbara Apstein Ivana George English 24 The Specific Intellectuals: Foucault, Thoreau, and Berkeley DESIGN Paul J. Medeiros Philip McCormick’s Design Works, Inc., North Easton, MA 27 ROUNDTABLE Seamus Heaney: A Tribute Ellen Scheible 30 TEACHING NOTE Toward Twenty-first-century Teaching: Interdisciplinarity at Bridgewater and Beyond John J. Kucich and Pamela J. Russell 35 VOICES ON CAMPUS Julian Bond on “From Civil War to Civil Rights” 37 BOOK REVIEWS On the Front Cover: “Businessman with Scales of Justice for a Face” Our Schools are at Risk, J. Michael Bodi (Credit: Meriel Jane Waissman). Kiss This Paper, Ann Brunjes Inside Back Cover: Poetry by John Bonnani Bridgewater Review is published twice a year by the faculty and librarians of Bridgewater State University. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of Bridgewater Review or Bridgewater State University. Letters to the Editor are encouraged and should be sent to: Editor, Bridgewater Review, [email protected] Articles may be reprinted with permission of the Editor. ©2014, Bridgewater State University ISBN 0892-7634 May 2014 1 them to a state where the books might Editor’s Notebook be re-sellable, or even reusable. Andrew C. Holman My secret is dirty because I was taught (by my school librarians and teachers, homas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson (1824- and my parents, if I recall correctly) to 63) was a West Point graduate, a decorated respect the sanctity of the printed page. The “thou shall not scribble in books” Tand respected Confederate Army general, a commandment must have had more to hypochondriacal advocate of hydropathic therapy, do with the protection of school prop- erty than anything else. But my takea- and an inveterate book marginalist. The first three way was also that marginalizing was seen of these characteristics made him, without doubt, as objectionable because it was an act of an uncommon Victorian, but not so the fourth. The irreverence (a mortal sin for Canadians like me), one that could only lead to dozens of books in Jackson’s library, preserved and on more offensive sorts of public com- display in the Stonewall Jackson House Museum (the mentary, such as graffiti on restroom only dwelling he ever owned, in Lexington, Virginia) stall walls, or worse, Twitter. Since then, though, I think I have come to demonstrate well his penchant for scribbling marks of terms with my proclivity to jot in white emphasis, reminders, comparisons, and exclamations spaces. In fact, I embrace it warmly, and recommend it to my students of disgust or approval in the margins of printed books. with enthusiasm. As the extant libraries of many of our famous and In academic life, marginalia has value not-so-famous ancestors show, readers have long in at least a couple of different ways. plunged into this sort of silent dialogue with their First, it has instrumental, pedagogi- cal use. Marginal scribbling is, I am books, to engage ideas on the printed page, to have convinced, infinitely more effective in the “last word” in their myriad discussions with helping scholars and students remember authoritative texts and published authors. what they have read and to challenge it, though it has not been the preferred Isaac Newton was a committed and are thousands of ordinary readers, mode of textual engagement for some marginalist; so, too, were Thomas including me. I admit it. I write in the decades—since 1963, to be specific, Jefferson, Jane Austen, John Adams, margins of all of my books, though I when the despicable “Hi-Liter” was Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, make no great claim to writing in them invented by the Carter’s Ink Company. Sylvia Plath, Samuel Taylor Coleridge anything enlightening, or even clever. Since then, those fat little cylinders and David Foster Wallace. We know My dirty little secret stared me in the have been the scourge of the textual about these famous book defacers face again recently when I considered universe, leaving in their wake mind- because their celebrity recommended thinning out my office book collec- less rainbows on painted pages, the the saving of their libraries and other tion, only to conclude that hundreds of meaning behind those selected sections possessions. But they were hardly alone. hours of erasing coded pencil marks and forever lost. For me, to consume a text No less dedicated to the practice were comments would be required to restore (I mean really devour it) is to mark it up. To notate it is to love it. But marginalia are valuable in a second scholarly way, beyond pedagogy. We The “thou shall not scribble in have come to delight in reading other books” commandment must people’s glosses on and addenda to the printed text, and to invest them with have had more to do with the meaning. Scholars who look at, say, Stonewall Jackson’s scribbling, do so protection of school property than because they expect to gain insight anything else. 2 Bridgewater Review So, go ahead. Go wild. Mark up the margins of this issue of Bridgewater We have come to delight in Review. Cover it in scrawl. I know that there is plenty in the printed pages reading other people’s glosses on that follow that will delight, inform, provoke and otherwise exercise all of and addenda to the printed text, our readers. Engage your magazine and to invest them with meaning. and then express your response to it. But don’t keep your scratchings secret. When you are done scribbling, write them up in a letter, send it to me, and into what made the great man tick, past decades, marginalizing is by no share your ideas with all of us. and hope to find a comment or means dead. Indeed, its prospects look witticism entered in a key book in pretty bright, as Heather Jackson, a key place, one that at long last University of Toronto professor and figures him out, or challenges what author of the 2001 book Marginalia, told we already know about him. And a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation marginalia in famous authors’ copies radio audience in November 2013. of their own work are doubly entic- The rise of new internet-based forums ing. “Marginalia reveal much about that encourage annotation (especially … the development of their ideas,” weblogs and news media outlets that Drew University librarian Andrew encourage readers to respond to articles Scrimgeour wrote in a recent New York and editorials) and new technology Times piece. “Researchers and biogra- (such as e-readers and tablets) that phers mine those annotations.” makes marginalizing easy to do, cannot help but bring back the art. The dirty Of course, we need not merely wax little secret is becoming respectable (I’ll nostalgic about this literary act. Andrew Holman is Professor of History and have to find another one). Though perhaps in decline in these Editor of Bridgewater Review. May 2014 3 performance review conducted? Do Organizational Justice: A Primer your immediate manager and other leaders treat you with dignity and Todd C. Harris respect? Have you been given informa- tion about how important organiza- I do not pretend to understand the moral universe; tional decisions were made? Matters the arc is a long one, my eye reaches but little ways; such as these are relevant to organi- zational justice: the study of people’s I cannot calculate the curve and complete the figure perceptions of, and their reactions to, by the experience of sight; I can divine it by conscience. fairness in organizations. And from what I see I am sure it bends towards justice. Organizational Justice: — Theodore Parker, Unitarian Minister and Boston Abolitionist, Fairness Matters “Sermon on Justice and the Conscience” (1853). Why should organizations and the e often think about moral questions as people that lead them care about jus- tice? The most powerful arguments abstract philosophical inquiries that fathom can be distilled into three broad the depths of what it means to be human.