Ekati Diamond Mine Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 May 24, 2019
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Ekati Diamond Mine Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 May 24, 2019 Loretta Ransom Manager – Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Environmental Stewardship and Climate Change Environment and Natural Resources Government of the Northwest Territories P.O. Box 1320 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Jaida Ohokannoak Chair - Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency PO Box 1192 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2N8 Michael Roesch Senior Implementation Negotiator/Senior Policy and Program Analyst NWT Region Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada 4923 52nd Street Gallery Building Box 1500 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2R3 Chair - Joseph Mackenzie Wek’èezhìi Land and Water Board #1, 4905-48th Street Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P6 Re: Ekati Diamond Mine – Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 Dominion Diamond Mines ULC (Dominion) is pleased to submit the attached Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018. This report was prepared in accordance with the annual reporting requirements of Part B Condition 10 and Schedule 1 Condition 1 of Water Licence W2012L2-0001 and Article 5 of the Environmental Agreement. Dominion trusts that you will find this report to be clear and informative. Please contact Claudine Lee, Head of Environment at [email protected] or 403-910-1933 x 2401 should you have any questions. Sincerely, Claudine Lee, M.Sc., P.Geol. Head of Environment Table of Contents Introduction 1 The Ekati Diamond Mine Story 1 The Ekati Diamond Mine Location 2 The Ekati Diamond Mine Components 2 Sustainable Development at the Ekati Diamond Mine 5 Mine Plan 7 Ekati Diamond Mine Activities in 2018 7 Ekati Diamond Mine Activities Planned for 2019 10 Environment Permits and Agreements 11 Traditional Knowledge and Community Engagement 13 Air Quality Monitoring and Climate 15 Ambient Air Quality 15 Greenhouse Gases 15 Climate 17 Reclamation Program 17 Land Disturbances 18 Water Quality Monitoring 19 Surveillance Network Program 19 Aquatic Effects Monitoring Program 20 Aquatic Response Framework 26 Waste Rock Storage Area Seepage Survey 26 Wildlife Monitoring 27 Wildlife Effects Monitoring Program 27 Bird Monitoring 32 Conclusion 33 Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 The Ekati Diamond Mine Misery Pit and its associated waste rock storage area Introduction This document is the plain English summary of the 2018 Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report for the Ekati Diamond Mine. An Annual Report has been published since 1997. It provides an overview of how the environment at the Ekati Diamond Mine has been managed according to the terms of the Water Licence and the Environmental Agreement. The summary report is intended for readers who are unfamiliar with technical language. The summary does not present the same level of detail as the Annual Report. The Ekati Diamond Mine Story Beginning in the early 1980s, geologists Charles Fipke and Stewart Blusson were prospecting in the Canadian Arctic, with the idea that the area could be a hot spot for diamonds. In 1989, they found what they were searching for: kimberlite, a rock that often contains diamonds, in an area near Lac de Gras. Their exciting discovery led to a rush of exploration and staking in the area; two years later, they found diamonds. After environmental studies and permitting were carried out and construction was completed, the Ekati Diamond Mine – Canada’s first diamond mine – officially opened on October 14, 1998. This event put Canada on the map as a world-class diamond producer. Dominion Diamond Mines ULC (Dominion) is the current operator of the Ekati Diamond Mine. In 2018, the mine celebrated the 20th anniversary of the start of production. Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 1 The Ekati Diamond Mine Location The Ekati Diamond Mine is located in the sub-Arctic tundra in Canada’s Northwest Territories. The mine is 100 km above the tree line, 310 km northeast of Yellowknife, and 200 km south of the Arctic Ocean. The surrounding landscape is filled with boulder fields, heath tundra, wetlands, eskers, and over 8,000 lakes with interconnecting streams. Most of the year, the mine is only accessible by aircraft. It can be reached by ice road for about two months of the year. Figure 1 shows the mine’s location. Figure 1 Location of the Ekati Diamond Mine A watershed is an area defined by a Sable Pit ridge of high land. All rain and snow that falls within the area eventually Ekati Diamond Mine ends up in the same body of water. rsula Lake Eeter Lake Rain may land directly in a stream oad Sable R or lake, or it may fall on land where it will drain or seep into a marsh, stream, river, or lake. Pigeon Pit Bearclaw Lake Beartooth Pit North Panda Lake Cell B Panda Pit Cell A Grily Lake Long Lake Cell C Koala North Pit Containment Camp Koala Pit Facility Panda Diversion Channel Cell D odiak Lake Cell E Leslie Lake Outlet Dam Nero Lake Nema Lake Fox Pit Paul Lake Bridge Martine Lake Lac du Sauvage ay Footprint (proposed) Misery Road Pit Extent Waste Rock Storage Area Misery Long Lake Containment Facility Camp ing Pond Access Road Proposed Road Lac de Gras Airstrip Misery Pit Watershed Boundary Lynx 0 2.5 5 Pit Kilometres The Ekati Diamond Mine Components The Ekati Diamond Mine is made up of a series of open pits, some of which have associated underground mines. The mine site spreads over several watersheds, with the Koala Watershed being the largest. Panda, Koala, Koala North, Fox and Beartooth pits, the Koala and Koala North underground mines, and the majority of the Ekati Diamond Mine infrastructure are located within the Koala Watershed. 2 Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 Within the Koala Watershed, the main • an employee camp (Main Camp); The Carrie Pond Watershed includes a mine site includes: • an airstrip; and portion of Misery Pit and its associated • roads for traffic and haul trucks. waste rock storage area, and • the process plant, where ore is Desperation Sump. extracted and processed to get The King-Cujo Watershed, about the diamonds; 30 km southeast of the main site, The Pigeon-Fay and Upper Exeter • the Long Lake Containment Facility, contains Misery Pit, the Misery and Watershed contains Pigeon Pit and the which holds fine processed Lynx waste rock storage areas, King Pigeon Stream Diversion. kimberlite from the process plant Pond Settling Facility, a crusher (the fine processed kimberlite is in pad, Jay Access Road, and a small The Horseshoe Watershed contains the form of a slurry – a mixture of personnel camp. The area is linked to Sable Pit, Sable West and South fine particles and water); the Main Camp by the Misery Road. waste rock storage areas, and the • three waste rock storage areas: Fox, Lynx Pit is located to the southwest of Two Rock Sedimentation Pond. Pigeon, and Panda/Koala/Beartooth; the King-Cujo Watershed. “E’kati” is the name the Yellowknives Dene and Tłı̨ chǫ peoples gave to the area around Lac de Gras. In English, it means “fat lake,” and is in reference to the layers of white quartz veins in the rock on the lake’s shore that look like marbled caribou fat. The Ekati Diamond Mine plan involves bringing pits and underground mines into production over time: • Panda, Koala, Koala North, Fox, • Open pit mining was completed in • Mining production started at Sable and Misery open pits, as well as 2009 at Beartooth Pit and since Pit in 2018. the Koala, Koala North and Panda then the pit has been part of the • The development of Misery underground mines have all been minewater and fine processed Underground began in summer developed, placed into production, kimberlite management system. 2018 (production will not start until and are now closed. • Mining production has been late 2019). ongoing at Pigeon Pit, and Lynx Pit. Environmental Agreement and Water Licence Annual Report Summary 2018 3 There are 156 known kimberlite pipes in the Ekati Diamond Mine claim block, with diamond resources currently estimated for 8 pipes. Figure 2 shows the structure of a kimberlite pipe. Figure 2 Structure of a Kimberlite Pipe Depth (kilometres) 00 Crater Explosive Deposits 05 10 15 Kimberlite Pipe 20 25 30 Diamonds are a crystalline form of carbon produced by enormous heat and pressure within the Earth’s mantle, more than 150 km below the surface. Magma Diamonds are brought upwards through layers of rock by magma eruptions. The structures formed by these eruptions are called kimberlite pipes. Diamonds from the Ekati Diamond Mine EKA-17ARS-002 At the Ekati Diamond Mine, miners use two methods to remove the diamond-rich kimberlite ore from the ground: open pit mining and underground mining. In Ore is mineralized rock that can be mined and open pit mines, workers remove waste rock and earth processed to get diamonds. Waste rock is rock to access the kimberlite pipe using digging equipment that doesn’t contain diamonds. Mine workers must and explosives. In underground mines, spiral-shaped remove this rock to access and extract the ore. tunnels are built to allow mining equipment to drill, blast, dig, and haul the ore from deeper parts of the Processed kimberlite is defined in the Water kimberlite pipes. Licence as material rejected from the process plant The ore is moved to the process plant by haul trucks. after the recoverable diamonds have been extracted. At the process plant, crushing machines reduce the size of the ore. Mechanical scrubbers are then used to remove sand, grit, and other waste material (called fine processed kimberlite). The diamonds are then separated from the remaining ore and sorted using X-ray technology. The rough diamonds are shipped for additional sorting, where they will be polished for jewelry or used in industrial devices for cutting, grinding, and polishing.