Course of Study 2020-21 GEORGETOWN DAY SCHOOL MISSION STATEMENT
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User's Manual for the ECLS-K:2011 Kindergarten–Second Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook, Public Version
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2011) User’s Manual for the ECLS-K:2011 Kindergarten–Second Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook, Public Version NCES 2017-285 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–11 (ECLS-K:2011) User’s Manual for the ECLS-K:2011 Kindergarten–Second Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook, Public Version February 2017 Karen Tourangeau Christine Nord Thanh Lê Kathleen Wallner-Allen Nancy Vaden-Kiernan Lisa Blaker Westat Michelle Najarian Educational Testing Service Gail M. Mulligan Project Officer National Center for Education Statistics NCES 2017-285 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences Thomas W. Brock, Commissioner for Education Research Delegated Duties of the Director National Center for Education Statistics Peggy G. Carr Acting Commissioner The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries. NCES activities are designed to address high-priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high- quality data to the U.S. -
Game Development for Computer Science Education
Game Development for Computer Science Education Chris Johnson Monica McGill Durell Bouchard University of Wisconsin, Eau Bradley University Roanoke College Claire [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Michael K. Bradshaw Víctor A. Bucheli Laurence D. Merkle Centre College Universidad del Valle Air Force Institute of michael.bradshaw@ victor.bucheli@ Technology centre.edu correounivalle.edu.co laurence.merkle@afit.edu Michael James Scott Z Sweedyk J. Ángel Falmouth University Harvey Mudd College Velázquez-Iturbide [email protected] [email protected] Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [email protected] Zhiping Xiao Ming Zhang University of California at Peking University Berkeley [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT cation, including where and how they fit into CS education. Games can be a valuable tool for enriching computer science To guide our discussions and analysis, we began with the education, since they can facilitate a number of conditions following question: in what ways can games be a valuable that promote learning: student motivation, active learning, tool for enriching computer science education? adaptivity, collaboration, and simulation. Additionally, they In our work performed prior to our first face-to-face meet- provide the instructor the ability to collect learning metrics ing, we reviewed over 120 games designed to teach comput- with relative ease. As part of 21st Annual Conference on ing concepts (which is available for separate download [5]) Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education and reviewed several dozen papers related to game-based (ITiCSE 2016), the Game Development for Computer Sci- learning (GBL) for computing. Hainey [57] found that there ence Education working group convened to examine the cur- is \a dearth of empirical evidence in the fields of computer rent role games play in computer science (CS) education, in- science, software engineering and information systems to cluding where and how they fit into CS education. -
Evaluating the Use of Particle-Spring Systems in the Conceptual Design of Grid Shell Structures By
Evaluating the Use of Particle-Spring Systems in the Conceptual Design of Grid Shell Structures by Trevor B. Bertin B.S. Civil Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2011 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF 1 MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2013 ©2013 Trevor Bertin. All Rights Reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author: _____________________________________________________________ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering May 10, 2013 Certified by: ___________________________________________________________________ John A. Ochsendorf Professor of Building Technology and Civil and Environmental Engineering Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: ___________________________________________________________________ Heidi M. Nepf Chair, Departmental Committee for Graduate Students 2 Evaluating the Use of Particle-Spring Systems in the Conceptual Design of Grid Shell Structures by Trevor B. Bertin Submitted to the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering on May 10, 2013 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Civil and Environmental Engineering ABSTRACT 3 This thesis evaluates particle-spring systems as conceptual design tools in an effort to create efficient grid shell structures. Currently many simulation tools are available to create representations of intricate geometries and forms. However, these forms can become highly complex and challenging upon their realization. A lack of understanding of these forms leads to structures that cannot support their corresponding loads due to their shape, boundary conditions or edge conditions. -
Outcome Prediction and Hierarchical Models in Real-Time Strategy Games
Outcome Prediction and Hierarchical Models in Real-Time Strategy Games by Adrian Marius Stanescu A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Computing Science University of Alberta ⃝c Adrian Marius Stanescu, 2018 Abstract For many years, traditional boardgames such as Chess, Checkers or Go have been the standard environments to test new Artificial Intelligence (AI) al- gorithms for achieving robust game-playing agents capable of defeating the best human players. Presently, the focus has shifted towards games that of- fer even larger action and state spaces, such as Atari and other video games. With a unique combination of strategic thinking and fine-grained tactical com- bat management, Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games have emerged as one of the most popular and challenging research environments. Besides state space complexity, RTS properties such as simultaneous actions, partial observabil- ity and real-time computing constraints make them an excellent testbed for decision making algorithms under dynamic conditions. This thesis makes contributions towards achieving human-level AI in these complex games. Specifically, we focus on learning, using abstractions and performing adversarial search in real-time domains with extremely large action and state spaces, for which forward models might not be available. We present two abstract models for combat outcome prediction that are accurate while reasonably computationally inexpensive. These models can in- form high level strategic decisions such as when to force or avoid fighting or be used as evaluation functions for look-ahead search algorithms. In both cases we obtained stronger results compared to at the time state-of-the-art heuris- tics. -
Parents' Attitudes Toward the English Education Policy in Taiwan
Asia Pacific Education Review Copyright 2008 by Education Research Institute 2008, Vol. 9, No.4, 423-435. Parents’ Attitudes toward the English Education Policy in Taiwan Yuh Fang Chang National Chung Hsing University Taiwan. Taiwan, like many other countries in Asia, introduced considerable changes in English education policy in response to the need for English communication in the global market. During the process of implementing the new English education policy, the Ministry of Education (MOE) of Taiwan encountered several problems. Although researchers have examined other issues concerning the implementation of the English education policy, such as the shortage of trained English teaching personnel, the selection of textbooks and the difficulty of teaching a class of heterogeneous learners, parental attitudes toward or expectations for the English education policy itself remain unexplored. Parental opinions about English education and the extent to which parents support English education reform play a large role in the success of the implementation of the policy and are important factors for the government to consider when shaping future education policies. The perspectives of parents, therefore, should be included in a research-based examination. This study surveyed the opinions of Taiwanese parents on current English education policy and practice. Key words: English education policy, parents’ attitudes, Taiwan Introduction ability in English in the global market (Butler, 2004). 1 During the process of implementing the new English The English language has been considered a global education policy, the Ministry of Education (MOE) of language for decades. Since English is a “global language” Taiwan encountered several problems. One was that very (Crystal, 2003), and widely used in science and commerce, few parents have followed the timeline of English education the number of English language learners has increased set by the central government, which indicates that there is a tremendously worldwide. -
Math Bookmarks
Mathematics Mathematics Bookmarks Bookmarks Standards Reference to Support Standards Reference to Support Planning and Instruction Planning and Instruction http://commoncore.tcoe.org http://commoncore.tcoe.org 2nd Grade 2nd Grade 2nd Grade – CCSS for Mathematics 2nd Grade – CCSS for Mathematics Grade-Level Introduction Grade-Level Introduction In Grade 2, instructional time should focus on four critical In Grade 2, instructional time should focus on four critical areas: (1) extending understanding of base-ten notation; (2) areas: (1) extending understanding of base-ten notation; (2) building fluency with addition and subtraction; (3) using building fluency with addition and subtraction; (3) using standard units of measure; and (4) describing and analyzing standard units of measure; and (4) describing and shapes. analyzing shapes. (1) Students extend their understanding of the base-ten (1) Students extend their understanding of the base-ten system. This includes ideas of counting in fives, tens, system. This includes ideas of counting in fives, tens, and multiples of hundreds, tens, and ones, as well as and multiples of hundreds, tens, and ones, as well as number relationships involving these units, including number relationships involving these units, including comparing. Students understand multi-digit numbers comparing. Students understand multi-digit numbers (up to 1000) written in base-ten notation, recognizing (up to 1000) written in base-ten notation, recognizing that the digits in each place represent amounts of that the digits in each place represent amounts of thousands, hundreds, tens, or ones (e.g., 853 is 8 thousands, hundreds, tens, or ones (e.g., 853 is 8 hundreds + 5 tens + 3 ones). -
Knowing Second Graders
INTRODUCTION Knowing ...... Second Graders am always struck by the way second graders strive I to make sense of the bigger world and to make their personal worlds as orderly and safe as pos sible. Among other things, they put a great deal of faith in facts. When I meet them before school starts, they are often nervous and get through our opening conversation by listing facts to define themselves. (“I have two regular brothers and two stepbrothers. They are my stepbrothers because my parents are divorced, and my dad’s new wife has children.”) They also have an amazing capacity to remem- ber details and often seem slightly discomfited when their teachers forget 1 facts they consider essential to stories being read aloud. (“Don’t you remem- ber, Ms. Wilson? In chapter one, Malcolm put an origami star up his nose and ...... had to go the nurse?”) And they like to read series books (it’s safer to stick with what they know!)—in order. I will never forget the horror of many of my students when upon discovering that our class library lacked the next book in a particular series, I suggested that they just go ahead to the next one. Not pos sible for many second graders! These and many other unique characteristics of second graders make it a fun and satisfying year to teach. Second graders’ devotion to facts and order helps them retain much of what they learn, put algorithms and other learn- ing structures to use, and work hard to follow instructions. They value their end products and often do careful, thoughtful work. -
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Brazilian and American Mathematics Curricula
Running Head: A CROSS CULTURAL COMPARISON A cross-cultural comparison of Brazilian and American mathematics curricula by Larissa Berry A capstone project submitted in partial fulfillment of graduating from the Academic Honors Program at Ashland University May 2013 Faculty Mentor: Dr. Jason B. Ellis, Associate Professor of Curriculum and Instruction Reader: Dr. David Kommer, Chair and Professor of Curriculum and Instruction I ABSTRACT The study of mathematics tends to hold reputation as being universal language of studies, meaning mathematical literacy sustains value worldwide. However, mathematics cannot be determined universal by mathematical literacy alone. It is the curricular development in education that lays the groundwork in deciding what mathematical knowledge is of most value which in turn sets the tone for mathematical literacy. Specifically, the development of the scope and sequence of mathematics standards in education frame the content and order in obtaining mathematical literacy and are examined in this thesis between two different countries, Brazil and the U.S. The outcome of comparing mathematics standards of both Brazil and the U.S. is discussed with some minor curricular differences, but also with an overall cohesiveness in mathematical literacy which may indicate universality in mathematics in the two countries which could potentially translate worldwide. 1 INTRODUCTION As the education system has become more and more refined, finding what is considered most literate in a given subject matter falls almost directly on the scope and sequence of the curriculum. It holds particularly true when comparing similar curricula of mathematics education among countries around the globe. Particularly, in this study, Brazil and the United States are the countries in focus. -
Faculteit Bedrijf En Organisatie Unity 5 Versus
Faculteit Bedrijf en Organisatie Unity 5 versus Unreal Engine 4: Artificiële intelligentie van 3D vijanden voor een HTML5 project Matthias Caryn Scriptie voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Bachelor in de toegepaste informatica Promotor: Joeri Van Herreweghe Co-promotor: Steven Delrue Academiejaar: 2015-2016 Derde examenperiode Faculteit Bedrijf en Organisatie Unity 5 versus Unreal Engine 4: Artificiële intelligentie van 3D vijanden voor een HTML5 project Matthias Caryn Scriptie voorgedragen tot het bekomen van de graad van Bachelor in de toegepaste informatica Promotor: Joeri Van Herreweghe Co-promotor: Steven Delrue Academiejaar: 2015-2016 Derde examenperiode Samenvatting Rusty Bolt is een Belgische indie studio. Deze studio wilt een nieuw project starten voor een 3D spel in een HyperText Markup Language 5 (HTML5) browser die intensief gebruik zal maken van artificiële intelligentie (AI) en Web Graphics Library (WebGL). Na onderzoek via een requirements-analyse van verschillende mogelijkheden van game engines komen we terecht bij twee opties namelijk Unity 5, die Rusty Bolt al reeds gebruikt, of de Unreal Engine 4, wat voor hen onbekend terrein is. Qua features zijn ze enorm verschillend, maar ze voldoen elk niet aan één voorwaarde die Rusty Bolt verwacht van een game engine. Zo biedt Unity Technologies wel een mogelijkheid om software te bouwen in de cloud. De broncode van Unity wordt niet openbaar gesteld, tenzij men er extra voor betaalt. Deze game engine is dus niet volledig open source in tegenstelling tot Unreal Engine 4. We vergelijken dan verder ook deze twee engines, namelijk Unity 5 en Unreal Engine 4. We tonen aan dat deze engines visueel verschillen van features, maar ook een andere implementatie van de AI hanteren. -
Special Issues in First and Second Grade
NOTEBOOKR EADING F IRST The Newsletter for the Reading First Program Spring 2006 Special Issues in First and Second Grade Early learning can be an exciting time as students get their first real In This Issue... taste of independent reading. First grade is a time when beginning Special Issues in First and reading skills are being practiced and polished. By the end of the Second Grade . .1 school year, most first-grade students are phonemically aware, have mastered letter sounds, have begun to read and write simple text, and Vocabulary Development in First are developing their listening and reading comprehension skills. By and Second Grades . .2 the end of second grade, most students have perfected letter sounds What is Explicit and Systematic and are mastering sounds of letter combinations and vowel patterns. Phonics Instruction? . .4 They are developing competence in fluent reading, and their comprehension abilities and vocabularies continue to grow and Student Reading Centers . .5 develop. However, instruction for these young children can be What Does the National Reading challenging as teachers attempt to capitalize on precious instruction Panel Say About Text time, provide effective instruction for each student, and meet the Comprehension Instruction? . .7 needs of those students who struggle. At-Home Reading Practice . .8 This edition of the Reading First Notebook is the second in a series Fluency Instruction in First and dealing with specific grade-level issues.The Winter 2006 edition of the Second Grade . .9 Reading First Notebook dealt with issues central to kindergarten.This Resources . .11 edition will focus on topics that first- and second-grade teachers often confront, including instructional issues in the areas of phonics, vocabulary,comprehension, and fluency,as well as differentiated instruction.The next issue of the Reading First Notebook will highlight matters important to third grade. -
7 Teacher Perspectives on Content and Language- Integrated Learning
Teacher Perspectives on 7 Content and Language- Integrated Learning in Taiwan: Motivations, Implementation Factors, and Future Directions Jeffrey Hugh Gamble National Chiayi University, Taiwan Abstract: This chapter reports the findings of a two-year qualita- tive project exploring how the Content and Language-Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach is interpreted and implemented by English teachers in Taiwan. There is a lack of evidence that such an approach, which places equal emphasis on the language of instruction (English) and the content being taught, is appropri- ate or feasible for the majority of Taiwanese primary or second- ary school classrooms. The project addressed teacher beliefs, attitudes, and conceptions regarding the feasibility and appro- priate implementation of CLIL in the Taiwanese context. To evaluate teachers’ perspectives, a constructivist grounded-the- ory approach was adopted, using data co-constructed through group discussions and interviews, and triangulated with survey results from pre-service and in-service teachers, including current CLIL and non-CLIL English teachers, both local and foreign. The primary findings were organized into four main categories: motivations, implementation factors, obstacles, and future potentials for CLIL in Taiwan. Implications include in- creased investment in teacher training, increased use of students’ first language to increase comprehension, and clearer guidelines and greater provision of resources to assist CLIL teachers. Keywords: content and language-integrated learning, teacher education, foreign language learning policy, teacher beliefs, constructivist grounded theory This research was prompted by a workshop with in-service teachers who were being asked to engage in Content and Language-Integrated Learning DOI: https://doi.org/10.37514/INT-B.2021.1220.2.07 127 Gamble (CLIL) instruction and were, therefore, being trained in teaching using an “English only” approach. -
Foundational Skills Guidance Documents: Grades K-2
Foundational Skills Guidance Documents: Grades K-2 Table of Contents Overview ........................................................................................ 2 Content: The Components of Foundational Skills ............................ 5 Instructional Moves: The “How” of Foundational Skills ................... 13 Grade-Level-Specific Guidance for Kindergarten ............................ 19 Grade-Level-Specific Guidance for First Grade ............................... 24 Grade-Level-Specific Guidance for Second Grade ........................... 28 Appendices ................................................................................... 32 1 Overview Purpose By the end of third grade, far too many of our students are not proficient readers. This guide is designed to tackle these national reading deficits by outlining essential instructional components to teach early reading skills. This document is intended to provide teachers of kindergarten (K), first, and second grades with best practices to support the explicit teaching of foundational skills: Print Concepts, Phonological Awareness, Phonics and Word Recognition, and Fluency. This document should be used along with instructional materials that provide explicit and systematic instruction and practice. Rationale Explicit instruction of foundational skills is critical in early elementary school. Numerous studies point to the benefits of a structured program for reading success. For the purposes of this document, this means a program that begins with phonological awareness, follows a clear sequence of phonics patterns, provides direct instruction with adequate student practice, and makes use of weekly assessment and targeted supports. Despite the abundance of evidence showing the time and ingredients required for most students to learn to read successfully, teachers following a basal and/or a balanced literacy approach report they often spend a limited amount of time on teaching foundational skills (often fifteen to twenty minutes daily), and do not use a systematic approach.