The Jesuit Refugee Service and the Ministry of Accompaniment
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Consolation in action: the Jesuit Refugee Service and the ministry of accompaniment Author: Kevin O'Brien Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106760 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. : Weston Jesuit School of Theology, 2006 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/consolationinactOOobri CONSOLATION IN ACTION The Jesuit Refugee Service and the Ministry of Accompaniment A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the S.T.L. degree of Weston Jesuit School of Theology, Cambridge, Massachusetts S.T.L. Candidate: Kevin O’Brien, S.J. Thesis Director: John O’Malley, S.J. Second Reader: Kevin Burke, S.J. / May 2006 ViSSTOaJ OV' Ti^LlOfiY LiBRARIf S9 {SF.ATTLE STREET CA^^BRIDGE, ivlASS. 02138 Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The Story of JRS as a Jesuit Ministry 7 Roots of JRS in Jesuit History 8 Foundation of JRS 13 Arrupe’s “Swan Song” 15 JRS After Arrupe 17 Expansion of JRS Around the World 18 JRS Charter of 2000 24 Mission of JRS Today 25 JRS and Education 29 Conclusion 32 Chapter 2: Accompaniment as the Practice of Solidarity 34 Solidarity as a Social Principle and Moral Virtue 35 Solidarity as Accompanying the Poor and Powerless 41 JRS and Refugees Bearing One Another’s Burdens 47 Conclusion 54 Chapter 3: JRS and the Spiritual Exercises 55 Accompanying Jesus through the Exercises 56 Taking Crucified Peoples Down from their Crosses 60 Witnessing to the Hope of the Resurrection 65 Conclusion 68 Chapter 4: JRS as an Embodiment of the Biblical Virtue of Hospitality 70 Hospitality as a Classical and Biblical Virtue 70 Hospitality in the Gospels 73 ii (1 ,J iV* ^ - .^^•/ * '-^i •'i Hospitality in Paul and the Early Church 81 Jesuit Hospitality 87 Conclusion 90 Conclusion 92 Appendix A: How You Can Become Part of the JRS Story 95 Appendix B: The Story of JRS in Summary 98 Sources 102 iii Introduction “You shall not wrong or oppress a resident alien, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt” (Ex 22:21) A day after Christmas 2004, from an epicenter far off in the Pacific, towering waves raced across the ocean, crashing into unsuspecting beach resorts and coastal towns. As reports and video images of the destruction made their way around the world, tsunami became ingrained in our lexicon of disaster. Among the hardest-hit places was the province of Aceh in northern Indonesia. Four days after the tsunami, Andre Sugijopranoto SJ, Asia Pacific Regional Director of the Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS), finally reached the JRS office in Banda Aceh, the main city in the province. A JRS worker offered him a grim account, conjuring images that would become all too familiar after Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States nine months later: Corpses, corpses and more corpses. That is Banda Aceh now. Walking on foot in the streets, it is all corpses. The river behind the office is full of floating corpses. Yesterday they buried 40. Today more corpses appeared in the river brought by the stream. There is a rotten smell everywhere. Because people drowned, their stomachs are full, and today they started to tear open. The Raya mosque is full of corpses. The market in Banda Aceh is wiped to the ground. The stores are filled with dead bodies. In the jail in Kedah, all inmates died inside. The Brimo Asrama is also destroyed. The hospital is destroyed, only the health station is left. Many doctors are dead. There is no medicine in the health station. Disaster.* The 4.5 million residents on Aceh had become familiar with disaster. For decades, they lived through a civil war between the Indonesian government and separatist groups. With the conflict came human rights abuses, a breakdown of social services, and massive displacement of peoples from Aceh to North Sumatra and elsewhere. To better respond to this humanitarian ' JRS Indonesia Alert no. 2, 30 Dec 2004, accessed at www.jrs.netyalerts. Shortly after the tsunami, the Jesuit Refugee Service in the United States organized a massive appeal for charitable contributions. By October 2005, the amount exceeded $1.75 million. Interviews with Ken Gavin, 24 March 2005 & 24 September 2005. 1 ) ft I ' U( ' .1 )«•>< I ,t -• NCWM .ij.' i*i i ‘ “ <1' h i»i ' •«! i*MiftM rdt n yf tt# Mblim '-*«• *“ " • 'Vftjwo VN ^>»«r I t irfT - <.. ‘ '•-< 4. MB. sif ' , , w-^l >' m * .<; yr '<:'Vi* /* |gitn»».waNMi*t it a 'rr! ,1 iw»i IM t» • H K J9C irtlar 4 MM ^ im m - 4MoW •M^joilf ^ i.flM 1* -fti '* !> 1 crisis, JRS established a presence in Aceh in 2001.“ After the tsunami, JRS set up 49 refugee camps for 440,000 displaced persons in Aceh." Soon they would focus their attention on the long-term task of rebuilding Aceh, including setting up schools, re-establishing health and sanitation infrastructures, and helping people generate income.^ Equally important, JRS committed itself to caring for the spiritual and mental health of the people so traumatized by the disaster and wondering where God was in the tragedy. Yet, even in a catastrophe that would claim nearly 250,000 lives across the region and dislocate over two million people,"”’ the JRS mission did not fundamentally change. As before, they were present to accompany, serve, and advocate for the people of Aceh.^ JRS responded to the victims of the tsunami and similar catastrophes out of heart-felt compassion. The plight of refugees and other displaced persons touches a primal nerve. ^ As with ^ Jesuit Refugee Service, Annual Report (2003), 42; JRS Indonesia Alert no. 1, 30 Dec 2004, accessed at http://www.irs.net/alerts . Becky Troha, “Sanctuary,” Company, Spring 2005, 18, 23. According to Troha, JRS team members were the first to arrive at Aceh Island, where only 600 of the 1,500 - 2,000 residents survived. Troha, 20-21. According to the Indonesian government, about 117,000 students were without schools. Over 70,000 students and 1,700 teachers were reported dead or missing; 1,100 schools were destroyed (22). ^ JRS Annual Report (2004), 3. ^ A year after the tsunami, JRS in Indonesia reported that it had built “74 houses, with 53 more in progress, out of 545 planned. Material for 285 shelters was provided to allow people more comfortable housing while they wait for permanent houses. JRS also employed 179 assistant teachers, provided 427 students with scholarships, and delivered more than 16,000 school packages to schools. The JRS health team treated around 15,000 patients and provided material for 15 public health centers and a mobile clinic serving 23 villages.” Jesuit USA News, January 1 1, 2006, accessed at http://www.companvma!Jazine.oriJ:/siusa/()6-() 1-11 .htm . For a personal account of life in Aceh a year after the tsunami, see Robert N. Lynch, “After the Tsunami, Peace,” America, 27 February 2006, 15-16 (Lynch is bishop of St. Petersburg, Florida, and chairman of the board of Catholic Relief Services). ^ In this paper, I rely on the definitions of “refugee” and “displaced person” as adopted by the JRS in its Charter of 2000 and by the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, in its document Refugees: A Challenge to Solidarity (1992). A refugee is one who crosses a national boundary because of (a) persecution based on race, religion, nationality, or membership in social or political group; (b) armed conflict; (c) natural disaster; (d) violation of human rights; or (e) life-threatening economic conditions. An internally displaced person is one forcibly uprooted from their homes for the same reasons mentioned above but who do not cross a national border. Both groups of people live a provisional existence awaiting return to their home, resettlement to another country, or 2 '*1 . V t > MpRik 'W .V ti <i V (t«yi m ^ ,hi ni|in»' - •Ir ' ii-v - l«r» M,.lBdlHli t» 'll ',, .1',.^', .: - f^'Hl"*'' ro'Ti 1 ‘ ; ii4« Itei4 Ilk iiinr w. /j) , tr>j:Rfc*«>- * lIlfiM 9f1«d ( • * * « 115 I ti*'“ J « <t ' • 'umi * • *-»! 1 nT i •Vw «ffr«i AA' ARl'Mtf 4 ^ i.vO. ^ ., f *:4!| «..; .1 * r-1 • * • A- » M** f.i (j|t«.' « » <**• .- •? - •*1* -. **»- • ^ « ,. *>-- *'| 'f ill ( ' >.-«( M». fte), . Cr^tikVgli 4<* k4t5 f f . ,r -#f J# nwpil ( any human enterprise, there are practical choices to make, logistics to orchestrate, and politics to negotiate. But the mission always remains rooted in a love for other human beings that is inextricably tied to God’s unrelenting love for us and our love for God. In February 1981, Pedro Arrupe, S.J. gave a talk at the Center of Ignatian Spirituality in Rome, entitled “Rooted and Grounded in Love.” In it, he explained how love is the “dynamis of our apostolic character” and the “weighty power of the soul” that defines the Society’s charism.^ This lofty rhetoric is made concrete in specific apostolic commitments. “The plight of the world,” Arrupe said, “so deeply wounds our sensibilities as Jesuits that it sets the inmost fibres of our apostolic zeal a-tingling.”^ Just months before this talk, Arrupe founded the Jesuit Refugee Service because his heart was moved by the plight of refugees both near and far. In the late 1970s, thousands of Vietnamese took to the seas, fleeing war and terror in their homeland. They would later be joined by refugees from Cambodia and Laos. Newspapers and television news chronicled the desperate journey of refugees in crowded boats. At the same time, Arrupe saw with his own eyes the dire need of hundreds of Ethiopian refugees in Rome.