Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Taiwan and Japan

Two new species of Lathrolestes Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Taiwan and Japan

Alexey Reshchikov

Two new species of Lathrolestes Förster, 1869 are described: L. langelandi sp. n. from Taiwan and L. foveafacialis sp. n. from South Japan, Shikoku. and Taiwan. A key to the Oriental species of Lathrolestes is provided. Alexey Reshchikov, Entomology Department, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, St Petersburg, Russia,19903, e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction koinobont endoparasitoids on leafmining sawfly lar- The subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, vae of the tribe Fenusini (Hymenoptera, Tenthredi- Ichneumonidae) is a large, poorly known subfamily nidae); these feed on foliage of deciduous trees or of koinobiont endoparasitoids in the family Ich- shrubs (Pschorn-Walcher & Altenhofer 1989). A few neumonidae. It includes 105 genera and over 1100 species are known to attack leafmining lepidopteran described species (Kasparyan 2000, 2003, 2004, larvae of the family Eriocraniidae, e.g. L. clypeatus Yu et al. 2005, Kasparyan 2006). The ctenopelma- (Zetterstedt 1838) and L. mnemonicae (Rohwer tine tribe Perilissini is distributed worldwide except 1914) (Rohwer 1914; Heath 1961; Carlson 1979). Australia and Oceania with 23 genera and over 250 These moths have a similar leafmining lifestyle and species. The most detailed works on Perilissini are are associated with deciduous trees. those of Barron (1992, 1994, 1997), Hinz & Horst- The two known Oriental species of Lathrolestes mann (1998) and Aubert (2000). In spite of all the were described from Taiwan and from Jangxi, South earlier work, the tribe still requires revision. China (Uchida 1932; 1940): L. kulingensis (Uchida, The genus Lathrolestes Förster, 1869 (Hymenop- 1940) and L. nigrifacies (Uchida, 1932). Two addi- tera, Ichneumonidae) is a large, mainly Holarctic tional species, L. langelandi sp. n. and L. foveafacialis genus with 61 described species (Yu et al. 2005). Of sp. n., have been discovered in Taiwan and Japan, these, 32 species occur in the Nearctic region (Bar- and are here described. ron 1994), 26 species in the Palearctic region, pre- dominantly Europe (Yu & Horstmann 1997), one species in the Afrotropical region, Congo (Benoit Material and methods 1955), four species in the Neotropics, Costa Rica The material studied in this work was borrowed from (Gauld et al. 1997), and two species in the Oriental the Texas A&M University, Texas, USA (TAMU), region(Uchida 1932, 1940). the American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Adults of Lathrolestes range in body length from Florida, USA, (AEI) and the Canadian National 3–20 mm, and vary widely in color. They can be Collection, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, (CNC). recognized by the occipital carina not intercepting For one previously described species, L. kulingensis the hypostomal carina and can be distinguished from (Uchida, 1940), only a comparison with the original Priopoda Holmgren, 1856 by the first tergum that is description could be made, since the type which is not elongate: its length is less than twice as long as deposited in the Academia Sinica (Beijing, China), wide and by the hind margin of the subgenetal plate was unavailable. The type specimens of L. nigrifacies without notches (Townes, 1970). Their larvae feed as (Uchida 1932) were studied; these are deposited

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not impressed. Face roughly punctate or not punctate, not rugose medially ...... 2 2. Lower part of mesopleuron reddish-yellow (Fig. 6). Face coriaceous, impunctate (Fig. 5). Propodeal carinae incomplete, only 1 area petiolaris present (Fig. 4). Ovipositor straight, elongate, projecting far beyond metasoma (Fig. 1, 6) . . . . Lathrolestes langelandi – Mesopleuron entirely black (Fig. 9). Face granulate, punctate (Fig. 8). Propodeal carinae complete or nearly so (Fig. 7). Ovipositor projecting not far beyond metasoma (Fig. 2) . . 3 3. Metasomal terga black (Fig. 9). Face flat, not separated from clypeus (Fig. 8). Head narrowed behind the eyes (Fig. 3). Propodeal 2 carinae slightly defined, area superomedia elongate (Fig. 7) ...... Lathrolestes foveafacialis – First and second terga reddish (Fig. 10). Head transverse, broad behind the eyes (Fig. 12). Propodeal carinae strongly raised, area superomedia square (Fig. 11) ...... Lathrolestes nigrifacies

3 Lathrolestes langelandi sp. n. Figs 1, 4-6 Figs 1–3. Lathrolestes, morphological details (1, 2: ovipositor, 3: head). – 1, L. langelandi; 2, L. foveafacialis ; 3, Head of L. foveafacialis [Scale = 1mm]. Type material. Holotype female, Taiwan, Meifeng, 2150 m., 3.v.1983, Henry Townes (AEI); Paratypes: 2 males: Taiwan, Nantou Hsien Tsuifeng, 23.v.1982, Robert Wharton, (TAMU) in the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eber- swalde, Germany (DEI) (now Münchenberg). Ter- Diagnosis minology for sculpture follows Eady (1968). The key This species differs from the other known Oriental and descriptions are illustrated with drawings and members of Lathrolestes by the incomplete propodeal photographs (Figs 1–12). Digital photographs were carinae (only area petiolaris present) (Fig. 2) and taken using an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope the ovipositor projecting far beyond the metasoma attached to an Olympus E520 digital camera, and (Figs 1, 4). It is similar to the European species combined using Helicon Focus ®. L. verticalis (Brischke, 1871) in coloration, and both species have incomplete propodeal carinae and peti- Depositories olate areolet. AEI American Entomological Institute, Gaines- ville, Florida, USA Description CNC Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Female. Body length 5–6 mm. Antennal flagellum Ontario, Canada with 31 articles. Width to length ratio of scapus 0.6. TAMU Texas A&M University, Texas, USA. Head narrowed behind the eyes. Maximal length of temple to transverse eye diameter ratio 0.72; minimal length of temple to transverse eye diameter ratio 0.44. Taxonomy Face as wide as longitudinal eye diameter; moderately Key to Oriental species of Lathrolestes convex, with bulge. Clypeus separated from face by shallow impression; apical margin of clypeus mod- 1. Antennal flagellum with yellowish band. Oc- erately obtuse (Fig. 5). Clypeal foveae small. Malar ciput strongly impressed. Face densely punc- space as wide as 0.36 of basal mandible width. Lower tate, medially rugose . . . Lathrolestes kulingensis mandible tooth as long as upper. The occipital carina – Antennal flagellum without band. Occiput not intercepting the hypostomal carina.

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Notaulus shallowly impressed at base. Mesosoma diameter ratio 0.84; minimal length of temple to coriaceous, not punctate. The epicnemial carina transverse eye diameter ratio 0.5. Face as wide as lon- strongly raised, not reaching the pronotum. First gitudinal eye diameter; flat, with bulge, punctuate on tibia with an apical, distal tooth. Tarsal claws pecti- granulate surface. Clypeus not separated from face nate. Forewing with areolet petiolate. Radius inter- (Fig. 8). Clypeal fovea small. Malar space as wide as cepting stigma at its middle. Second recurrent vein 0.2 of basal mandible width. Lower mandible tooth with a single bulla. Nervellus intercepted below mid- longer than upper. The occipital carina not inter- dle. Nervulus interstitial. Propodeal carinae incom- cepting the hypostomal carina. plete, only area petiolaris present. In male basal part Notaulus shallowly impressed at base. Mesosoma of area superomedia present (Fig. 4). coriaceous, not punctate. Epicnemial carina strongly Metasoma shining, sparsely setose (Fig. 6). First raised, not reaching pronotum. First tibia with an metasomal tergum width to length ratio 0.4; with apical, distal tooth. Tarsal claws pectinate. Forewing shallow median longitudinal impression; bordered with areolet petiolate. Radius intercepting stigma at by lateral longitudinal carinae; medial longitudinal its middle. Second recurrent vein with a single bulla. carinae absent. Second metasomal tergum square. Nervellus intercepted below middle. Nervulus inter- Ovipositor straight, elongate, almost as long as meta- stitial. Propodeal carinae complete, raised slightly soma, without notch but with impression and nodus (Fig. 7). Area superomedia elongate. at apex (Fig. 1). Parameres narrowed apically and Metasoma slightly shining, sparsely setose. First wide basally, longer than aedeagus. metasomal tergum width to length ratio 0.49; with Color. Female. Body brownish (Fig. 6). Face, clypeus, shallow median longitudinal impression; bordered mandibles, maculae above antennae, ventral side by lateral longitudinal carinae; medial longitudinal of scapus, propleuron partly, lower part of meso- carinae absent. Second metasomal tergum square. pleuron, mesonotum, coxa, femur and lateral parts Ovipositor straight, as long as height of metasoma of metasomal terga yellowish. Tegula white. (Fig. 2). Male. Metasoma entirely brownish, otherwise as in Color. Female. Body black (Fig. 9). Ventral part of female. antennae, apical part of clypeus, mandibles, propleuron partly, legs except hind tibia and tarsus yellow- Distribution ish. Tegula white. Taiwan. Distribution Etymology Japan, Taiwan This species is named after G. Langeland, Nor- wegian journalist, who was born in Taiwan. Etymology The species epithet, foveafacialis, refers to the surface Lathrolestes foveafacialis sp. n. of the face. Figs 2, 3, 7-9 Lathrolestes nigrifacies (Uchida) Type material. Holotype female, Japan, Shikoku, Figs 10–12 Omogo Val., 700 m., 25.viii.1980, S.&J. Peck (CNC); Paratype female, China, Taiwan, Wushe, Monoblastus nigrifacies Uchida, 1932: 216. Holotype ?, 1150 m., 10.v.1983, Henry Townes (AEI). China: Taiwan, Taihorin, 7.xi.1911 (DEI). Lathrolestes nigrifacies; Townes et al, 1961. Diagnosis This species differs from the other known oriental Diagnosis species by the black metasomal terga (Fig. 9), and Holotype male. Head not narrowed behind eyes the flat face not separated from clypeus (Fig. 8). It is (Fig. 12). Maximal length of temple to transverse closely related to L. nigrifacies (Uchida, 1932), dif- eye diameter ratio 1.1; minimal length of temple fering from the latter by coloration of metasoma and to transverse eye diameter ratio 0.7. Face strongly proportions of the head (Figs 3, 9). punctate. Clypeal fovea small. Malar space as wide as 0.7 of basal mandible width. Lower mandible tooth Description longer than upper. Occipital carina not intercepting Female. Body length 0.4 – 0.45 mm. Antennal flag- the hypostomal carina. ellum with 31–32 articles. Width to length ratio Mesosoma roughly punctate. Epicnemial carina of scapus 0.83. Head narrowed behind the eyes strongly raised, not reaching pronotum. Forewing (Fig. 3). Maximal length of temple to transverse eye with areolet petiolate. Radius intercepting stigma at

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4 5

Figs 4–6. Lathrolestes langelandi. – 4, propodeum; 5, face; 6, habitus.

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7 8

9 Figs 7–9. Lathrolestes foveafacialis. – 7, propodeum; 8, face; 9, habitus.

10 12

Figs 10–12. Lathrolestes nigrifacies. – 10, habitus; 11, propodeum; 12, face.

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its middle. Second recurrent vein with a single bulla. S., 1997. The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 2. Intro- Nervulus interstitial. Propodeal carinae complete, duction and keys to species of the smaller subfamilies, strongly raised (Fig. 11). Area superomedia short. Anomaloninae, Ctenopelmatinae, Diplazontinae, Metasoma matt. First metasomal tergum bordered Lycorininae, Phrudinae, Tryphoninae (excluding by lateral and medial longitudinal carinae. Netelia) and Xoridinae, with an appendices on the Color. Body black (Fig. 10). Partly propodeum, Rhyssinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological tegula, legs except hind tibia and tarsus, first and sec- Institute. No.57. 485 pp. ond metasomal terga reddish. Heath, J., 1961. Some parasites of Eriocraniidae (Lep.). – Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 97: 163. Hinz, R. & Horstmann, K., 1998, Holarctic species of Distribution Trematopygodes Aubert (Insecta Hymenoptera, Ich- Taiwan. neumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae). – Spixiana 21(3): 241–251. Kasparyan, D.R., 2003. A new Palaearctic species of the Acknowledgements genus Syndipnus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumoni- The author is thankful to Dr. R. Wharton (TAMU), dae: Ctenopelmatinae). – Zoosystematica Rossica 12: Dr. D. Wahl (AEI), and Dr. A. Bennett (CNC) for 123–124. providing material, Dr. Ilari Sääksjärvi (Turku Uni- Kasparyan, D.R., 2004. A review of Palaearctic species versity, Finland) for access to his photo laboratory, of the tribe Ctenopelmatini (Hymenoptera, Ichneu- Dr. C. Kutzscher (DEI) for preparation of the pho- monidae). The genera Ctenopelma Holmgren and tos of the type specimens of L. nigrifacies (Uchida, Homaspis Foerster. – Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 1932), Dr. A. Khalaim (Zoological Institute of the 83(2): 437–467. Russian Academy of Science, Russia) and Dr. J. Gel- Kasparyan, D.R., 2006. Five new species of Asthenara Foerster from Mexico (Hymenoptera: Ichneumoni- haus (The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- dae: Ctenopelmatinae). – Zoosystematica Rossica 15: phia, the USA) for their help with the preparation of 327–330. this paper, and Gavin Broad for his critical review. Pschorn-Walcher, H., and Altenhofer, E., 1989. The para- sitoid community of leaf-mining sawflies Fenusini and Heterarthrini, a comparative analysis. – Zoologische References Annalen 222(½): 37–56. Aubert, J.F., 2000. Les ichneumonides oeust–palearctiques Rohwer, S.A., 1914. Descriptions of two parasitic Hy- et leurs hotes. 3. Scolobatinae (=Ctenopelmatinae) et menoptera. – Proceedings of the Entomological Soci- suppl. aux volumes precedents. – Litterae Zoologicae ety of Washington 16: 141–142. 5: 1–310 Townes H.K., 1970. The genera of Ichneumonidae, Part Barron, J.R., 1992. The Nearctic species of Perilissus 3. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae). No.13(1969). 307pp. – Canadian Entomologist 124: 211–272. Townes H.K., Townes M., Gupta V.K. 1961. A catalogue Barron, J.R., 1994. The Nearctic species of Lathrolestes and reclassification of the Indo-Australian Ichneumo- (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae). nidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Insti- – Contributions of the American Entomological Insti- tute No.1. 522pp. tute 28(3). 135 pp. Uchida, T., 1932. Sauter‘s Formosa-Ausbeute. Ichneumo- Barron, J.R., 1997. The Nearctic species of Oetophorus nidae (Hym.). – Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae). Hokkaido University 33: 133–222. – Insecta Mundi 11(2): 117–128. Uchida, T., 1940. Die von Herrn O. Piel gesammelten Benoit, P.L.G., 1955. Contributions a l’étude des Ich- chinesischen Ichneumonidenarten (Fortsetzung). neumonidae africains (Hymenoptera). I. Annales du – Insecta Matsumurana 14: 115–131. Musée Royal du Congo Belge, – Sciences Zoologiques Yu, D.S., and K. Horstmann. 1997. A catalogue of world 38: 1–55. Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). – Memoirs of the Carlson, R.W., 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Stephani- American Entomological Institute 2 vol, 58. 1558 pp. dae. – In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. Yu D.S., van Achterberg K, Horstmann K, 2005. World & B.D. Burks, Catalog of Hymenoptera in America Ichneumonoidea 2004. Taxonomy, Biology, Morphol- north of Mexico: 315–741. Smithsonian Institution ogy and Distribution. CD/DVD. – Taxapad, Van- Press. Washington. couver, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com/ [visited on Eady R., 1968. Some illustrations of microsculpture in the 21 September 2009] Hymenoptera. – Commonwealth institute of Ento- mology, London, 71 pp. Received: 3 December 2009 Gauld, I.D., Wahl, D., Bradshaw, K., Hanson & Ward, Accepted: 25 January 2010

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