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Home , Isospin

Heavy spectrum new heavy exotics and isospin breaking

Marek Karliner with B. Keren-Zur, H.J. Lipkin, J. Rosner and N. Tornqvist

Hadron 2011, Munchen, June 17, 2011 Outline

• -spin interaction between – “color magnetic”

• same constituent in and

• known baryons + mesons  predictions for new heavy baryons: magnetic moments & masses

• apps to heavy exotic QQqq mesons  predictions for Belle

• Belle 5/2001: two Z_b(I=1) exotic mesons ~@ B+B*, B*+B*

 additional, more deeply bound states with I=0

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics 2011, June 17 2 Constituent Quark Models (CQM)

• QCD describes as valence quarks in a sea of gluons and q-qbar pairs. • at low E, χSB •  quark constituent • hadron can be considered as a bound state of constituent quarks. • Sakharov-Zeldovich formula:

M =  m i i • the binding & kinetic energies “swallowed” by the constituent quarks masses.

3 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Color Hyperfine (HF) interaction

• 1st correction – color hyperfine (chromo-magnetic) interaction HF M = mi  V ij i ij    HFQCD  i  j V ij = v0 i  j    ri  rj  mim j • A contact interaction • Analogous to the EM hyperfine interaction – a product of the magnetic moments.  HF() em 2 ij Vij i   j = e   r i  r j   mmij

• In QCD, SU(3) generators take the place of the electric .

4 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Constituent : caveat emptor • a low energy limit, phenomenological model

• still awaiting derivation from QCD

• far from providing a full explanation of the hadronic spectrum, but it provides excellent predictions for mass splittings and magnetic moments

• assumptions: • HF interaction considered as a perturbation •  does not change the • same masses for quarks inside mesons and baryons. • no 3-body effects. 5 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 constituent quark mass ratios

• example II:   u s      M *  M = v    *       r K K 0 m m u s K u s K u s u s  = 4v0   r mums • extracting quark masses ratio:   u s  4v0   r M *  M m m m K K =  u s  c M *  M m D D u c  s 4v0   r mumc

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 6 color hyperfine splitting in baryons

• The Σ (uds) baryon HF splitting: – Σ*: total spin 3/2 - u and d at relative spin – 1 s – Σ : isospin – 1 • Symmetric under exchange of u and d • u and d at relative spin – 1 u d      u  d * =  u  d  • the „ud‟ pair does not contribute to the HF splitting

  u s  M *  M = 6v   r    0  ij  mums Hadron 2011, June 17 7 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Quark mass ratio from HF splittings in mesons and baryons

New type of mass relations with more heavy flavors

8 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Similar relation for bottom baryons  prediction for mass

(MK & Lipkin, hep-ph/0307243)

9 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 new result from CDF at Hadron 2011: 193 MeV

10 also prediction for spin splitting between and

new result from CDF at Hadron 2011: 20 MeV

11 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Magnetic moments of heavy baryons • •  mag. moments determined by s,c,b moments • quark mag. moments proportional to their chromomagnetic moments

DGG: (=EXP)

challenge  to EXP !

12 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Predicting the mass of Q baryons

: Qsd or Qsu. (sd), (sd) in spin-0 Q

 mass given by Q

Can obtain (bsd) mass from (csd) + shift in HF:

13 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 several options for obtaining from data:

MeV

MeV • The Ξ (Qsq) baryons contain an s quark Q • Q mass differences depend on the spectator • optimal estimate from mesons which contain both s and Q:

MeV

14 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 M. Karliner, heavy Hadron 2011, June 17 15 baryons & exotics M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 16 M. Karliner, heavy Hadron 2011, June 17 17 baryons & exotics Predictions for other bottom baryons

with B.Keren-Zur, H.J. Lipkin and J.L. Rosner

:

18 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Work in progress: • • • •

19 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 M.K. @DIS’09: “D0: Ω_b=6165 +/- 10 (stat) +/- 13(syst.) --- wrong”

20 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 21 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Hadron 2011, June 17 22 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 23 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 24 • a menage a trois is very different from an ordinary family…

• similarly, exotic hadrons with both q-q and q-qbar pairs have important color-space correlations that are completely absent in ordinary mesons and baryons.

• when both present, need to keep in mind that q-qbar interaction is much stronger than q-q interaction

color structures that are totally different from those in normal hadrons

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 25 unusual experimental properties of (Q Q qbar qbar) and (Q Qbar q qbar) tetraquarks until 5/2011: leading tetraquark candidate: (3872) Seen in With very high stats by Belle, BaBar and CDF M[X(3872)] = M(D) + M(D*) = 1865 + 2007 to within 1 MeV!

b-quark analogue(s)?

TH: for sufficiently heavy Q-s, tetraquarks might be below two threshold: (b qbar bbar q) below B Bbar (b qbar cbar q) below B Dbar

Hadron 2011, June 17 26 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics crucial difference vs. ordinary mesons: can form a color configuration which has much stronger binding than some of these states have exotic , e.g.  their decays have striking experimental signatures: monoenergetic and/or , e.g. with I=0 above threshold can decay into via isospin violation, or electromagnetically into  both very narrow!

M. Karliner, heavy Hadron 2011, June 17 27 baryons & exotics _ _ Unique signal for bbqq and bbq double bottom baryons and bb tetratqaurks _ • b  c c s  J/ψ s

so bbq  J/ψ J/ψ (ssq)  J/ψ J/ψ Ξ _ _ _ _ similarly bbqq  J/ψ J/ψ (ssqq)  J/ψ J/ψ K K __ and bbqq

With all final state hadrons coming from the same vertex

Unique signature but v. low rate. Challenge & opportunity for LHCb !

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 28 2008: Belle reported anomalously large BR (2 orders of mag.)

0802.0649 [hep-ph], Lipkin & M.K.: Enhancement due to mediation by tetraquark T_bb: B B*-bar  (b-bar b u dbar) 30 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 31 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 32 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 33 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Alternative (complementary ?) desc. as “molecule” Tornqvist, Z. Phys. C61,525 (1993):

Heavy-light Qq mesons have I=1/2  they couple to pions  deuteron-like meson-meson bound states, “deusons” via exchange:

(I=0) at threshold  X(3872) ! S-wave 

I=1 attraction x3 weaker than I=0  no I=1

What about B B-bar* analogue ?...

34 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 B B* vs D D*: -- same attractive potential -- much heavier, so smaller kinetic energy  expect and I=1 states near threshold

 seen by Belle !!!

I=0 binding much stronger I=0 states expected 20-30 MeV below threshold

EXP signature: Z_b(I=0)  (ns) + - Z_b(I=0)  B B-bar  via EM B*  B , E()=46 MeV

 LHCb!

35 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 ?

_b heavier, with I=1  stronger binding via 

 deuteron-like J=1, I=0 bound state: “beautron”

exp. signature:

(_b _b)  _b _b  

(_b) = 4.3+-3 MeV, (_b) = 9.2+-3 MeV - + so might be visible

should be seen in lattice QCD

36 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Summary

• consitituent quark model with color HF interaction

 _b, _b, _b masses predicted to  3MeV • challenge for theory: derivation from QCD • prediction: • QQqq tetraquarks: new color structures, unique exp. signatures • prediction for peaks  just seen by Belle

•  new I=0 exotic states below threshold:

BB*,B*B*, _b _b , …

37 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 Backup slides

M. Karliner, heavy Hadron 2011, June 17 38 baryons & exotics 39 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 40 constituent quark mass differences

• example I: quark mass differences from baryon mass differences: M  M = c  HF HF HF = mu  md  mc V ud V uc V dc  HF HF HF  mu  md  ms V ud V us V ds =

= mc  ms = 0

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 41 difference of effective quark masses is the same in in mesons and baryons but depends on the spectator quark “how much you weigh depends on who your neighbors are”  challenge to npQCD

MK & Lipkin, hep-ph/0307243

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Testing confining potentials through meson/baryon HF splitting ratio

B. Keren-Zur, hep-ph/0703011 & Ann. Phys

• from constituent quarks model can derive:   M *  M K 4   ru  rs  K =   meson M *  M 3   r  r     u s  baryon

• depends only on the confinement potential and quark mass ratio • can be used to test different confinement potentials

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & Hadron 2011, June 17 43 exotics Testing confining potentials through meson/baryon HF splitting ratio

• 3 measurements (Q = s,c,b)

• 5 potentials: • Harmonic oscillator • Coulomb interaction • Linear potential • Linear + Coulomb • Logarithmic

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & Hadron 2011, June 17 44 exotics Hyperfine splitting ratio from potential models vs experiment

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & Hadron 2011, June 17 45 exotics Effective meson-baryon supersymmetry

• meson: Q qbar baryon: Q qq • in both cases: valence quark coupled to light quark “brown muck” color antitriplet, either a light antiquark (S=1/2) or a light diquark (S=0,S=1)

• Effective supersymmetry:

• m( ) – m( ) independent of quark flavor (u,s,c,b) !

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 46 • need to first cancel the HF interaction contribution to meson masses:

• for spin-zero diquarks:

• for spin-one diquarks need to also cancel HF contribution to baryon masses:

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & Hadron 2011, June 17 47 exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 48

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Hadron 2011, June 17 49 M. Karliner, heavy baryons & exotics Summary of Ξ mass predictions b

M. Karliner, heavy baryons & Hadron 2011, June 17 50 exotics