The Honorable Barbara Bailey Kennelly Oral History Interview Final Edited Transcript
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The Honorable Barbara Bailey Kennelly U.S. House Representative of Connecticut (1982–1999) Oral History Interview Final Edited Transcript September 9, 2015 Office of the Historian U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. “And I campaigned, I campaigned very hard. I left my son at home when he was a little boy in grammar school in the sixth grade to come to Congress and I wanted to make it worth it. Two of my girls were in high school, one was just beginning her freshman year in college, and I wasn’t going to be down here doing nothing. This was a big deal to leave home. And so I fought very hard to get on that committee [Ways and Means]. There were three openings. So, it really was a race. And you went at it, and at it, and at it. I won the first spot.” The Honorable Barbara Bailey Kennelly September 9, 2015 Table of Contents Interview Abstract i Interviewee Biography i Editing Practices ii Citation Information ii Interviewer Biographies iii Interview 1 Notes 57 Abstract With deep political family roots, and time on the Hartford court of common council and as Connecticut secretary of state, Barbara Bailey Kennelly came to the House in 1982 with invaluable experience and a keen knowledge of public office. Kennelly used her political connections and golf— a tool typically reserved for male Members—to stay abreast of policy issues and to earn the respect of her colleagues. In her interview, she describes her hard-fought battle for a seat on the influential Ways and Means Committee. She also talks about her leadership aspirations and ascension as the then highest-ranking-woman in the Democratic Party when she won the vice chairmanship of the Democratic Caucus for the 105th Congress (1997–1999). Determined to stretch the boundaries for women in Congress, Kennelly aimed her sights at the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Rebuffed once, but not deterred, she eventually made history as the first woman named to the Intelligence Committee. Kennelly speaks of the connection among women Members, including her memories of how she and her female colleagues rallied around Anita Hill during the Senate confirmation hearings on the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court. Kennelly’s political experience, knowledge of the institution, and willingness to work within the system to achieve her personal and political goals defined her House service and catapulted her into the highest echelon of the Democratic Leadership. Biography KENNELLY, Barbara Bailey, a Representative from Connecticut; born Barbara Ann Bailey, in Hartford, Conn., July 10, 1936; attended St. Joseph Cathedral School; graduated from Mount St. Joseph Academy, West Hartford, 1954; B.A., Trinity College, Washington, D.C., 1958; certificate in business administration, Harvard Business School, 1959; M.A., Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., 1971; member, Hartford Court of Common Council, 1975–1979; secretary of state of Connecticut, 1979–1982; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-seventh Congress, by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative William R. Cotter, and reelected to the eight succeeding Congresses (January 12, 1982–January 3, 1999); was not a candidate in 1998 for reelection to the U.S. House of Representatives but was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Connecticut. Read full biography i Editing Practices In preparing interview transcripts for publication, the editors sought to balance several priorities: • As a primary rule, the editors aimed for fidelity to the spoken word and the conversational style in accord with generally accepted oral history practices. • The editors made minor editorial changes to the transcripts in instances where they believed such changes would make interviews more accessible to readers. For instance, excessive false starts and filler words were removed when they did not materially affect the meaning of the ideas expressed by the interviewee. • In accord with standard oral history practices, interviewees were allowed to review their transcripts, although they were encouraged to avoid making substantial editorial revisions and deletions that would change the conversational style of the transcripts or the ideas expressed therein. • The editors welcomed additional notes, comments, or written observations that the interviewees wished to insert into the record and noted any substantial changes or redactions to the transcript. • Copy-editing of the transcripts was based on the standards set forth in The Chicago Manual of Style. The first reference to a Member of Congress (House or Senate) is underlined in the oral history transcript. For more information about individuals who served in the House or Senate, please refer to the online Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov and the “People Search” section of the History, Art & Archives website, http://history.house.gov. For more information about the U.S. House of Representatives oral history program contact the Office of House Historian at (202) 226-1300, or via email at [email protected]. Citation Information When citing this oral history interview, please use the format below: “The Honorable Barbara Kennelly Oral History Interview,” Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives, September 9, 2015. ii Interviewer Biographies Matt Wasniewski is the Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives, a position he has held since 2010. He has worked in the House as a historical editor and manager since 2002. Matt served as the editor-in-chief of Women in Congress, 1917–2006 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2006), Black Americans in Congress, 1870–2007 (GPO, 2008), and the Hispanic Americans in Congress, 1822–2012 (GPO, 2013). He helped to create the House’s first oral history program, focusing on collecting the institutional memory of current and former Members, longtime staff, and support personnel. He earned his Ph.D. in U.S. history from the University of Maryland, College Park, in 2004. His prior work experience includes several years as the associate historian and communications director at the U.S. Capitol Historical Society, and, in the early 1990s, as the sports editor for a northern Virginia newspaper. Kathleen Johnson is the Manager of Oral History for the Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives. She earned a B.A. in history from Columbia University, where she also played basketball for four years, and holds two master’s degrees from North Carolina State University in education and public history. In 2004, she helped to create the House’s first oral history program, focusing on collecting the institutional memory of Members and staff. She co-authored two books: Women in Congress: 1917–2006 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2006) and Black Americans in Congress: 1870–2007 (GPO, 2008). Before joining the Office of the Historian, she worked as a high school history teacher and social studies curriculum consultant. iii — THE HONORABLE BARBARA BAILEY KENNELLY OF CONNECTICUT — A CENTURY OF WOMEN IN CONGRESS JOHNSON: My name is Kathleen Johnson. I’m with the House Historian’s Office, and I’m with Matt Wasniewski, who is the House Historian. Today’s date is September 9th, 2015, and we’re in the House Recording Studio [in the Rayburn House Office Building]. We are very, very happy to be with former Representative Barbara [Bailey] Kennelly of Connecticut. This interview is part of a project that we’re doing to recognize and to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the election of Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress. Thank you so much for coming in today, Congresswoman. KENNELLY: Thank you. JOHNSON: So, the first question we wanted to ask you about was when you were young, if you had any female role models, and what drew you to those particular people? KENNELLY: I had a lot of role models, to tell you the truth. My father was the chairman of the state Democratic party for 32 years, and he was chairman of the national party through the administrations of [John Fitzgerald] Kennedy and [Lyndon Baines] Johnson. So, I had the good luck to meet many women and men, {laughter} of course, who were in politics. For example, Chase Going Woodhouse was a Congresswoman from Connecticut, and she was quite special. I got to know her because of my father. And Ella [Tambussi] Grasso, as you know, was not only the first woman elected governor in Connecticut, but she was the first woman elected governor in her own right in any of the http://history.house.gov/Oral-History/ 1 states, and I don’t think she ever gets enough credit for that. And, of course, I knew her very well. JOHNSON: And what, in particular, drew you to the women that you mentioned? KENNELLY: It wasn’t that I was particularly drawn to the women. Living with a state chairman, my father, I met all sorts of politicians. Adlai [Ewing] Stevenson [III] stayed at our home for a week with his family. John Kennedy took a nap {laughter} at our home. I lived a political life as a young woman, beginning as a child, really. I had a lot of role models, but I didn’t think of them as role models then, I just thought it was a great life to meet these famous people. And I never thought it would be me—not that I would be famous—but at that point in my life I never thought I would go into politics. My father always took us everywhere, to the picnics, to everything. And he always said, “If you behave, you can come.” And I went to my first [Democratic] National Convention in 1952, when I was 15. I was a page. And then four years later, I went again as a page, and I’ve only missed two conventions since then, {laughter} which is quite amazing.