DOCSLIB.ORG

Abstract Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abstract Book Table of Contents Tuesday, May 25, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 T1. Astrocyte-Specific Expression of the Extracellular Matrix Gene HtrA1 Regulates Susceptibility to Stress in a Sex- Specific Manner ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 T2. Plexin-B2 Regulates Migratory Plasticity of Glioblastoma Cells in a 3D-Printed Micropattern Device ............................. 5 T3. Pathoanatomical Mapping of Differential MAPT Expression and Splicing in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ............... 5 T4. Behavioral Variability in Response to Chronic Stress and Morphine in BXD and Parental Mouse Lines......................... 6 T5. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Regulates Anxiety .............................................................................................. 6 T6. Drugs That Inhibit Microglial Inflammation Also Ameliorate Aβ1-42 Induced Toxicity in C. Elegans ............................... 7 T7. Phosphodiesterase 1b is an Upstream Regulator of a Key Gene Network in the Nucleus Accumbens Driving Addiction- Like Behaviors ......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 T8. Reduced Gap Effect in Children With FOXP1 Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder ............................................... 7 T9. Resting State EEG Power Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder ........................................................................... 8 T11. Bacterially Derived Metabolites Modulate Transcriptional Control and Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors ............................. 9 T12. Studying the Impact of Shank3-Deficiency on Neural Circuits of Social Reward ......................................................... 10 T13. Defining GM-CSF in Behavioral and Molecular Responses to Cocaine ....................................................................... 10 T14. Regulation of Nicotine Intake by the Gut Hormone Cholecystokinin............................................................................. 11 T15. Spatial Coding and Entorhinal-Hippocampal Circuit Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology .... 11 T16. Cortico-Striatal Volume Changes in Human Cocaine and Heroin Addiction ................................................................. 11 T18. Behavioral and Cellular Characterization of a New Mouse Model for DDX3X Syndrome ............................................ 12 T19. Neural Mechanisms Driving Comorbid Parkinson's and Melanoma ............................................................................. 13 T20. Hippocampal-Entorhinal Desynchronization in Chronically Epileptic Mice ................................................................... 13 T21. Characterization of Induced Neurons From Monogenic Forms of Autism Spectrum Disorder for Drug Discovery and Development .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 T22. A Stress-Responsive Circular RNA Regulates Depression-Like Behavioral Abnormalities in Mice ............................. 15 T23. Impaired Social Control in Misophonia .......................................................................................................................... 15 T24. The Long Noncoding RNA Fedora is a Cell-Type and Sex-Specific Regulator of Mood .............................................. 16 T25. The COVID-19 Effects on the Brain: Chronic or Transient Neuropathology? ............................................................... 16 T26. Extended Amygdala Gates the Affective Consequences of Chronic Psychological Stress .......................................... 17 T27. Behavioral Traits Impact Heroin and Food Reward Sensitivity following Adolescent delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 T28. Open Board ................................................................................................................................................................... 18 T29. The Neural Basis of Cuttlefish Camouflage .................................................................................................................. 18 T30. The Hippocampus Represents Place in Abstract Social Space: Encoding and Decoding Evidence in Independent Samples ................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 T31. Real-Time Functional MRI Neurofeedback Targeting the Amygdala in a Healthy Adult Shows Rapid Gain of Control ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 T32. Entorhinal-Hippocampal Synchronization in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology ................................. 19 T33. Hippocampal Somatostatin Interneurons Implicated in Fear Extinction Memory Retrieval .......................................... 20 T34. Sex Differences in the Developmental Trajectory of Attentional Behavior in Mice Revealed by Accelerated Protocol 20 T35. Patient's Response in Trust Game Predicts Psychotherapeutic Relationship .............................................................. 21 T36. Resilience Versus Susceptibility to Stress Differentially Alters Two Distinct Forms of Regret in Mice ......................... 21 1 | P a g e T37. Neural Correlates of Trajectory Encoding in Olfactory Perceptual Space .................................................................... 22 T38. Pathway-Specific Chemogenetic Neuromodulation Enhances Working Memory in Rhesus Macaques ...................... 22 T39. Characterizing the Role of Dopamine D3 Receptors on Dopaminergic Neurons on Anxiety-Like Behavior ................ 23 T40. Local Overlap but Distal Specificity: Distal Connectivity Dissociates Hand and Tool Processing Networks ................ 23 T41. Genetic Mapping Links a Thalamic GPCR to Working Memory ................................................................................... 24 T42. Formerly Known as Latent: Characterization of a Decision Variable on Single Trials Using Neuropixel Recordings From Macaque Area Lip ........................................................................................................................................................ 25 T43. Intergenerational Inheritance of Taste Aversion ........................................................................................................... 25 T44. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Chromatin Regulation of Cerebellar Development ............................................... 26 T45. Circadian Control of DNA Hydroxymethylation Drives Axon Growth in Neuroregeneration ......................................... 27 T46. Histone Serotonylation: A Novel Regulator of Stress-Induced Neuroplasticity ............................................................. 27 T47. Cell-Type Specific Profiling of Chromatin Accessibility in Human Orbitofrontal Cortex Identifies Epigenetic Regulator of Astrocytic Plasticity in MDD ............................................................................................................................................... 27 T48. Defects in Neurogenesis in Albinism Affect the Retinofugal Pathway and Binocular Vision ........................................ 28 T49. Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Differentially Control Transcriptome and Development of Hippocampal Neurons in Vitro . 29 T50. The Significance of Dance During Pregnancy in Pre- and Postnatal Neurodevelopment ............................................ 29 T51. A Unique Lower Urinary Tract Phenotype is Associated With Markers for Metabolic Syndrome in Aging Rhesus Macaques .............................................................................................................................................................................. 30 T52. The Role of ∆FosB in the Development of Drug Addiction: Identifying ∆FosB Transcriptional Targets in Nucleus Accumbens ............................................................................................................................................................................ 30 T53. Spatiotemporal Organization of a Central Vestibular Brainstem Nucleus in the Larval Zebrafish ................................ 31 T54. High-Precision Noninvasive Gene Delivery to the Brain ............................................................................................... 31 T55. Effects of Neuronal Activation and Psychiatric Treatment on CircHomer1 Biogenesis ................................................ 32 T56. Thalamic Control of Cortical Dynamics in a Model of Flexible Motor Sequencing........................................................ 33 T57. Open Board ................................................................................................................................................................... 33 T58. Brain by Environment
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paper, Involving Edges Between All Nodes, and Consider Dynamics Along We Will Use These Connectomes Scaled Such That C = Kλmaxk = 1, the Simplified Network (Fig
    ARTICLES PUBLISHED ONLINE: 25 SEPTEMBER 2017 | DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS4268 Role of graph architecture in controlling dynamical networks with applications to neural systems Jason Z. Kim1, Jonathan M. Soer1, Ari E. Kahn2,3, Jean M. Vettel1,4,5, Fabio Pasqualetti6 and Danielle S. Bassett1,7* Networked systems display complex patterns of interactions between components. In physical networks, these interactions often occur along structural connections that link components in a hard-wired connection topology, supporting a variety of system-wide dynamical behaviours such as synchronization. Although descriptions of these behaviours are important, they are only a first step towards understanding and harnessing the relationship between network topology and system behaviour. Here, we use linear network control theory to derive accurate closed-form expressions that relate the connectivity of a subset of structural connections (those linking driver nodes to non-driver nodes) to the minimum energy required to control networked systems. To illustrate the utility of the mathematics, we apply this approach to high-resolution connectomes recently reconstructed from Drosophila, mouse, and human brains. We use these principles to suggest an advantage of the human brain in supporting diverse network dynamics with small energetic costs while remaining robust to perturbations, and to perform clinically accessible targeted manipulation of the brain’s control performance by removing single edges in the network. Generally, our results ground the expectation of a control system’s behaviour in its network architecture, and directly inspire new directions in network analysis and design via distributed control. etwork systems are composed of interconnected units that driver nodes21,22 capable of influencing the system along diverse interact with each other on diverse temporal and spatial trajectories, and optimal inputs that move the system from one state Nscales1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Corrections
    Investigations of the DEAD-box helicase eIF4A Nicola Marie Phillips, BSc., MSc. Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2011 Abstract Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) 4A is the most abundant initiation factor and the prototypical member of the DEAD-box family of helicases. Once recruited to the cap-binding complex, eIF4F, eIF4A unwinds inhibitory RNA secondary structure in the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs, promoting efficient ribosomal scanning to the start codon. The requirement for eIF4A in translation initiation correlates with increasing 5’ UTR length, suggesting that regulating the activity of eIF4A may affect the translation of particular mRNAs. It is well established that the transcripts of genes involved in cell cycle control and proliferation have long 5’ UTRs; therefore altering the activity of eIF4A may affect these genes specifically. A cross-discipline approach was used to investigate eIF4A helicase activity to obtain information regarding both the mechanics of helicase activity and the biological impacts of its inhibition. Recombinant eIF4A helicase activity, the stimulatory effect of eIF4B and the effect of known eIF4A inhibitors was first analysed using an ensemble helicase assay. Due to the limitations of this method a single molecule technique utilising optical tweezers was developed to investigate helicase activity at a higher force resolution. Optical tweezers were used to ‘trap’ and manipulate a dual-labeled RNA:DNA construct containing a central stem-loop hairpin known to be inhibitory to ribosomal scanning attached to functionalised microspheres. Although instrumental failure prevented the completion of these experiments, initial force extension curves using this molecule were obtained.
    [Show full text]
  • On Helicases and Other Motor Proteins Eric J Enemark and Leemor Joshua-Tor
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com On helicases and other motor proteins Eric J Enemark and Leemor Joshua-Tor Helicases are molecular machines that utilize energy derived to carry out the repetitive mechanical operation of prying from ATP hydrolysis to move along nucleic acids and to open base pairs and/or actively translocating with respect separate base-paired nucleotides. The movement of the to the nucleic acid substrate. Many other molecular helicase can also be described as a stationary helicase that motors utilize similar engines to carry out multiple pumps nucleic acid. Recent structural data for the hexameric diverse functions such as translocation of peptides E1 helicase of papillomavirus in complex with single-stranded in the case of ClpX, movement along cellular structures DNA and MgADP has provided a detailed atomic and in the case of dyenin, and rotation about an axle as in mechanistic picture of its ATP-driven DNA translocation. The F1-ATPase. structural and mechanistic features of this helicase are compared with the hexameric helicase prototypes T7gp4 and Based upon conserved sequence motifs, helicases have SV40 T-antigen. The ATP-binding site architectures of these been classified into six superfamilies [1,2]. An extensive proteins are structurally similar to the sites of other prototypical review of these superfamilies has been provided recently ATP-driven motors such as F1-ATPase, suggesting related [3]. Superfamily 1 (SF1) and superfamily 2 (SF2) heli- roles for the individual site residues in the ATPase activity. cases are very prevalent, generally monomeric, and participate in several diverse DNA and RNA manipula- Address tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Astroglial Networks Scale Synaptic Activity and Plasticity
    Astroglial networks scale synaptic activity and plasticity Ulrike Pannascha, Lydia Vargováb,c, Jürgen Reingruberd, Pascal Ezana, David Holcmand, Christian Giaumea, Eva Sykováb,c, and Nathalie Rouacha,1 aCenter for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France; bDepartment of Neuroscience and Center for Cell therapy and Tissue Repair, Charles University, Second Faculty of Medicine, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; cDepartment of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; and dInstitut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8197/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, Department of Computational Biology and Mathematics, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, 75005, France Edited* by Roger A. Nicoll, University of California, San Francisco, CA, and approved April 11, 2011 (received for review November 22, 2010) Astrocytes dynamically interact with neurons to regulate synaptic during synaptic activity. This impairment results in increased transmission. Although the gap junction proteins connexin 30 neuronal excitability, release probability, glutamate spillover, and (Cx30) and connexin 43 (Cx43) mediate the extensive network insertion of postsynaptic AMPARs, unsilencing synapses. Alto- organization of astrocytes, their role in synaptic physiology is un- gether, our findings indicate that gap junction-mediated astroglial known. Here we show, by inactivating Cx30 and Cx43 genes, that networks control synaptic strength by modulating extracellular astroglial networks tone down hippocampal synaptic transmission homeostasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Specific Labeling of Synaptic Schwann Cells Reveals Unique Cellular And
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Specific labeling of synaptic schwann cells reveals unique cellular and molecular features Ryan Castro1,2,3, Thomas Taetzsch1,2, Sydney K Vaughan1,2, Kerilyn Godbe4, John Chappell4, Robert E Settlage5, Gregorio Valdez1,2,6* 1Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, United States; 2Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, United States; 3Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, United States; 4Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, United States; 5Department of Advanced Research Computing, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States; 6Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, United States Abstract Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) are specialized, non-myelinating, synaptic glia of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), that participate in synapse development, function, maintenance, and repair. The study of PSCs has relied on an anatomy-based approach, as the identities of cell-specific PSC molecular markers have remained elusive. This limited approach has precluded our ability to isolate and genetically manipulate PSCs in a cell specific manner. We have identified neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) as a unique molecular marker of S100b+ PSCs in skeletal muscle. NG2 is expressed in Schwann cells already associated with the NMJ, indicating that it is a marker of differentiated PSCs. Using a newly generated transgenic mouse in which PSCs are specifically labeled, we show that PSCs have a unique molecular signature that includes genes known to play critical roles in *For correspondence: PSCs and synapses. These findings will serve as a springboard for revealing drivers of PSC [email protected] differentiation and function.
    [Show full text]
  • AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (11) Application No. AU 199875933 B2
    (12) PATENT (11) Application No. AU 199875933 B2 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (10) Patent No. 742342 (54) Title Nucleic acid arrays (51)7 International Patent Classification(s) C12Q001/68 C07H 021/04 C07H 021/02 C12P 019/34 (21) Application No: 199875933 (22) Application Date: 1998.05.21 (87) WIPO No: WO98/53103 (30) Priority Data (31) Number (32) Date (33) Country 08/859998 1997.05.21 US 09/053375 1998.03.31 US (43) Publication Date : 1998.12.11 (43) Publication Journal Date : 1999.02.04 (44) Accepted Journal Date : 2001.12.20 (71) Applicant(s) Clontech Laboratories, Inc. (72) Inventor(s) Alex Chenchik; George Jokhadze; Robert Bibilashvilli (74) Agent/Attorney F.B. RICE and CO.,139 Rathdowne Street,CARLTON VIC 3053 (56) Related Art PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA 93,10614-9 ANCEL BIOCHEM 216,299-304 CRENE 156,207-13 OPI DAtE 11/12/98 APPLN. ID 75933/98 AOJP DATE 04/02/99 PCT NUMBER PCT/US98/10561 IIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII AU9875933 .PCT) (51) International Patent Classification 6 ; (11) International Publication Number: WO 98/53103 C12Q 1/68, C12P 19/34, C07H 2UO2, Al 21/04 (43) International Publication Date: 26 November 1998 (26.11.98) (21) International Application Number: PCT/US98/10561 (81) Designated States: AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GE, (22) International Filing Date: 21 May 1998 (21.05.98) GH, GM, GW, HU, ID, IL, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, (30) Priority Data: TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZW, ARIPO 08/859,998 21 May 1997 (21.05.97) US patent (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SZ, UG, ZW), Eurasian 09/053,375 31 March 1998 (31.03.98) US patent (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), European patent (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, Fl, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OAPI patent (BF, BJ, CF, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): CLONTECH CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
    [Show full text]
  • Tripartite Synapse III
    The Tripartite Synapse III. Glial Cell I. Presynaptic Neuron A. Astrocyte Nerve Ending Releases Transmitter reuptake Myelin Sheath reuptake blockade Glutamate uptake by transporter Na+ (GFAP) Glial Glutamate Growth Fibrillary Factors Kainate Acidic Transmitter Receptor Protect Glucose Protein a marker of Nourish glia activation Modulate AMPA Receptor Neurosteroid Illustration by: Kendra Scouten Kendra by: Illustration Na+ Biosynthesis Mg++ II. Post Synaptic B. NMDA Receptor Neuron with PSD Micro-Glia Glutamate ↑ Ca++ Receptors CaMKII Bz Second Messengers Receptor GABA receptor ++ Golgi Ca release Kinases synapse formation - Cl sprouting Transcription Transcription Factors Factors mRNA DNA C. Endoplasmic survival vs. Oligo- cell death Reticulum dendrocyte Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum for new myelin Protein Peptides CRH vs.TRH Synthesis Axon of Neuron II Legend: The Tripartite (three-part) Synapse involves: I) a presynaptic axon of neuron I (orange, top left) releasing transmitters to activate (glutamate) or inhibit (GABA-Bz) activity of the II) post-synaptic neuron (yellow, middle). The third critical component is III) the glial cell (pink, top right), an (A) astrocyte which protects cells by taking up glutamate to prevent overexcitation and secretes growth factors; provides energy via glucose; and modulates receptor (R) function with the generation of neurosteroids (which interact with Bz-GABA receptors and NMDA receptors. Other (B) microglia secrete cytokines and scavenge cellular debris; while (C) oligodendrocytes make the myelin necessary to insulate the axons of neurons to insure good conductivity. The myelin sheath breaks down in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and now there is evidence of oligodendroglia dysfunction in bipolar illness and failure in late stages of schizophrenia. CaMK-II is the major calcium ion (Ca++) sensor of the neuron involved in up or down regulation of synaptic excitability necessary for short and long term memory.
    [Show full text]
  • Direct Interaction Between Hnrnp-M and CDC5L/PLRG1 Proteins Affects Alternative Splice Site Choice
    Direct interaction between hnRNP-M and CDC5L/PLRG1 proteins affects alternative splice site choice David Llères, Marco Denegri, Marco Biggiogera, Paul Ajuh, Angus Lamond To cite this version: David Llères, Marco Denegri, Marco Biggiogera, Paul Ajuh, Angus Lamond. Direct interaction be- tween hnRNP-M and CDC5L/PLRG1 proteins affects alternative splice site choice. EMBO Reports, EMBO Press, 2010, 11 (6), pp.445 - 451. 10.1038/embor.2010.64. hal-03027049 HAL Id: hal-03027049 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03027049 Submitted on 26 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. scientificscientificreport report Direct interaction between hnRNP-M and CDC5L/ PLRG1 proteins affects alternative splice site choice David Lle`res1*, Marco Denegri1*w,MarcoBiggiogera2,PaulAjuh1z & Angus I. Lamond1+ 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, and 2LaboratoriodiBiologiaCellulareandCentrodiStudioperl’IstochimicadelCNR,DipartimentodiBiologiaAnimale, Universita’ di Pavia, Pavia, Italy Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein-M (hnRNP-M) is an and affect the fate of heterogeneous nuclear RNAs by influencing their abundant nuclear protein that binds to pre-mRNA and is a structure and/or by facilitating or hindering the interaction of their component of the spliceosome complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Functional and Structural Characterization of the Essential AAA+ Atpases Rvb1 and Rvb2 of S.Cerevisiae
    Functional and Structural Characterization of the essential AAA+ ATPases Rvb1 and Rvb2 of S.cerevisiae by Jennifer Kai Wai Huen A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Biochemistry University of Toronto © Copyright by Jennifer Kai Wai Huen (2014) Functional and Structural Characterization of Rvb1 and Rvb2 of S.cerevisiae Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Jennifer Kai Wai Huen Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto Abstract Rvb1 and Rvb2 are essential proteins of the AAA+ superfamily of ATPases associated with a diversity of cellular activities. The Rvbs are components of several chromatin remodeling complexes and the R2TP complex, which is involved in the assembly of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex, RNA polymerase II, Telomerase complex, and Phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase-related kinases. As such, the Rvbs play an integral role in regulating gene expression, cell signaling, cell growth, and the DNA damage response. Their involvement in these processes is conserved from yeast to human and aberrations in Rvb regulation have been linked to a variety of carcinomas. Because Rvbs are essential in a host of cell processes, defining their molecular and biological functions will aid in future research and application. This work provides a structural, functional, and behavioral characterization of Rvb1 and Rvb2 of S .cerevisiae. Rvb1 and Rvb2 together were demonstrated to form a heterohexameric ring complex. Electron microscopy analysis of the endogenous Rvb1/Rvb2 complex showed similar hexameric rings as those observed for the recombinant Rvb1/Rvb2 complex suggesting that this complex is physiologically relevant. The Rvb1/Rvb2 complex exhibited synergistically enhanced ATP-hydrolysis and DNA unwinding activities in comparison to either subunit alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Crystal Structure of the Helicase Domain from the Replicative Helicase-Primase of Bacteriophage T7
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Cell, Vol. 99, 167±177, October 15, 1999, Copyright 1999 by Cell Press Crystal Structure of the Helicase Domain from the Replicative Helicase-Primase of Bacteriophage T7 Michael R. Sawaya, Shenyuan Guo, Stanley Tabor, the bacteriophage T7 replication system (Debyser et al., Charles C. Richardson, and Tom Ellenberger* 1994; Lee et al., 1998; Park et al., 1998) where only four Department of Biological Chemistry proteins are required at the replication fork (Richardson, and Molecular Pharmacology 1983). These proteins are the DNA helicase-primase (en- Harvard Medical School coded by gene 4 of the phage), a single-stranded DNA- Boston, Massachusetts 02115 binding protein (encoded by gene 2.5), the DNA poly- merase catalytic subunit (encoded by gene 5), and the processivity factor Escherichia coli thioredoxin. Summary Several high-resolution structures have been reported for monomeric/dimeric helicases that are distantly re- Helicases that unwind DNA at the replication fork are lated to the replicative T7 helicase. A common protein ring-shaped oligomeric enzymes that move along one architecture has been revealed by crystal structures of strand of a DNA duplex and catalyze the displacement two DNA helicases, Bacillus stearothermophilus PcrA of the complementary strand in a reaction that is cou- (Subramanya et al., 1996; Velankar et al., 1999) and E. pled to nucleotide hydrolysis. The helicase domain of coli Rep (Korolev et al., 1997), and an RNA helicase, the the replicative helicase-primase protein from bacte- hepatitis C virus NS3 protein (Yao et al., 1997; Cho et riophage T7 crystallized as a helical filament that re- al., 1998; Kim et al., 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Tripartite Synapses: Glia, the Unacknowledged Partner
    L ETTERS TO THE EDITOR components of the stretch-reflex system that this ‘system’ also includes the major tulated to interconnect and integrate them include: (1) dorsal-root-ganglion cells with sensory and motor systems as well. In a for whatever behavior or function is under their peripheral process that ends in stri- widely used fear-conditioning paradigm, consideration. ated-muscle stretch receptors and their auditory stimuli are used as conditioning Larry Swanson central process that ends on ventral-horn stimuli, foot-shock (somatosensory) stim- Gorica Petrovich motoneurons; and (2) the innervated uli are used as unconditioned stimuli and Neuroscience Program, University of ventral-horn motoneurons themselves. In the behavior of the animal that follows the Southern California, Los Angeles, other words, the stretch-reflex system presentation of such stimuli relies on the CA 90089-2520, USA. itself consists of parts of two classical sys- somatomotor system. In fact, very wide- tems: the somatosensory (proprioceptive) spread parts of the nervous system must References and somatomotor systems. be active during fear conditioning and 1 Lanuza, E., Martínez-Marcos, A. and Martínez-García, F. (1999) Trends Lanuza and colleagues suggest that emotional learning in general. Neurosci. 22, 207 because the basolateral amygdala and cen- Unfortunately, there is no general, 2 Nieuwenhuys, R., ten Donkellar, H.J. tral amygdala are interconnected, and have systematic theory or taxonomy of the and Nicholson, C., eds (1997) The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates, been implicated in fear conditioning and organization of mammalian neural systems. Springer-Verlag emotional learning, these two brain areas The development of one could be a major 3 Swanson, L.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Toroidal Proteins: Running Rings Around DNA Manju M
    Dispatch R83 Toroidal proteins: Running rings around DNA Manju M. Hingorani and Mike O’Donnell Recent structural data indicate that the toroidal form is processivity factors, DNA replication initiators, helicases, quite common among DNA-binding enzymes. Is this transcription terminators and a DNA-binding protease. abundance of ring-shaped proteins a coincidence, or The most recent addition to this group of enzymes is does it reflect convergence to a winning quaternary λ exonuclease, a trimeric ring that degrades one strand of structure? duplex DNA during homologous recombination [2]. Address: The Rockerfeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, Ring leaders New York 10021, USA. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Ring-shaped enzymes involved in DNA metabolism vary greatly in sequence, structure and function, but for this Current Biology 1998, 8:R83–R86 discussion they have been divided into two groups — http://biomednet.com/elecref/09609822008R0083 proteins that bind DNA and proteins that are catalytically © Current Biology Ltd ISSN 0960-9822 active on DNA. Among the DNA-binding toroids are ‘sliding clamps’ that encircle DNA and serve as processiv- In recent years there has been a veritable explosion of ity factors for other proteins — that is, they help other pro- information on the structure and mechanism of enzymes teins stay bound to DNA through multiple catalytic involved in DNA metabolic pathways. This explosion turnovers. Thus, bacteriophage T4 gp45, E. coli β factor, reflects the fundamental importance of processes such as and eukaryotic PCNA (‘proliferating cell nuclear antigen’) DNA replication for the propagation of life, as well as the all tether their respective DNA polymerase partner to incredible variety of enzymatic activity that makes DNA template DNA, allowing it to replicate several thousand metabolism a fascinating area for research.
    [Show full text]