Gardening Equipment Alex X
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REVISED 2006 PUBLICATION 426-315 Gardening Equipment Alex X. Niemiera, Extension Horticulturist, Virginia Tech Gardening Equipment long or short with a straight shaft or a D-shaped hand- grip. The choice of handle style depends on personal Garden catalogs and stores are full of gardening tools, preference; long handles offer greater leverage and are many highly specialized; some are very useful, others less tiring to use in many cases. are nice but not necessary, and some are gimmicks. The gardening equipment you need depends on the size of Garden and spading forks your garden, your age and strength, and whether you have four tines and are used want to get the job done in a hurry or prefer to take your for turning over garden soil. time. The basic equipment needed by most gardeners A garden fork has thick rect- (for vegetables or the landscape) includes a shovel or angular or square tines and is spade, a hoe, a rake, a trowel, and pruning tools. A wide used for turning over unbroken selection of styles is available in each of these tools, and soil, heavy cultivation, or soil the choice is really one of personal preference and price with large clods. A spading range. You can get the best value for the price range fork has flat tines (sometimes you choose by knowing each tool’s uses and particular with diamond of triangular qualities when comparison shopping. You’ll get the best backs) and is used for turning deal by buying tools at the end of the gardening season already loose soil. Forks are when prices are reduced. also useful to turn over com- post, spread mulches, and to Tools for Cultivating dig root crops. A hoe, depending on the Hand Tools design, is used for preparing A garden shovel has a concave seedbeds, making furrows, pointed blade that is mounted removing weeds, and break- to the handle at an angle and ing up encrusted soil. For is designed to dig holes and weeding, hoes remove shal- move soil. A spade has a flat low-rooted annual weeds and blade and is designed for cut- sever the tops off of biennial ting rather than lifting or mov- or perennial weeds. In the ing soil. Spades are excellent for later case, weeds will most shaping straight-sided trenches, likely regrow from the root transplanting trees and shrubs, system. Several different hoe cutting roots, and for edging styles are available, each with beds. There are many variations several variations. The most on spade blade shape and size. common type of hoe is the For general-purpose digging, draw hoe, also called gar- lifting, and moving, a long-han- den or common hoe that has dled shovel is ideal. Shovel and a rectangular or square flat spade handle styles are either blade. Variations of this type blade include the nursery hoe www.ext.vt.edu Produced by Communications and Marketing, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Mark A. McCann, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Alma C. Hobbs, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg. VT/0906/W/426315 (a heavier blade), the cavex hoe (a curved rather than (a.k.a. weeder, cultivator, aspara- straight cutting edge) and the swoe (blade attached to gus knife). This tool is available the shaft as a golf club). The pointed hoe with a heart- from most hardware or discount shaped blade is lightweight and useful for opening seed stores and is useful for digging up furrows and cultivating between plants. Variations of weeds with long taproots, such as this type include the Warren hoe and the Korean hoe. dandelions or Queen Anne’s lace, The hula (scuffle, shuffle, push-pull, or action hoe) is or for prying out Johnson grass shaped like a stirrup (D-shaped) and is very lightweight rhizomes. A digger consists of a and maneuverable. Variations of this type include the long (10 to 14 inches), solid-metal Dutch scuffle hole and types with movable blades (action rod with a two-pronged blade hoes). Pushing and pulling it just under the soil surface at one end and a handle at the eliminates newly emerging weeds and breaks up any other. crust on the soil surface. This type of hoe is most easily used on soil which is not compacted, since the blade is Some other tools that may have relatively thin and lacks the clod-breaking capabilities a place in the garden tool shed of a heavier hoe; it is also less effective in cases where include the pickax, mattock, and wheel cultivator. weeds have gotten a good start. Some types of scuffle Pickaxes are used to break up extremely hard-packed hoes are somewhat sturdier and are used with a pushing or stony soil. Mattocks are for the same purpose, but motion rather than pushing and pulling. are equipped with a cutting blade for areas where larger roots need to be removed. A mattock may also be used There are essentially two types to chop up debris for composting. A wheel cultivator has of rakes, a garden rake and a a number of attachments for soil preparation and weed lawn rake. A garden rake has control, and may prove a good investment for those with stiff metal tines and is used to larger gardens. clear rocks and debris from the garden, spreading mulches, and Hand tools may have a wood, plastic/fiberglass (or other smoothing seedbeds. A lawn composite material), or metal shaft. Of course, steel is rake has numerous thin flexible the heaviest but the strongest. Wood and fiberglass are tines usually made of metal, the lightest but least strong. Your choice of shaft mate- plastic, or bamboo. A “leaf rake” rial will depend on the amount and type of work you is a version of the lawn rake that do, your preference for shaft weight, and cost (steel is has shorter tines. Lawn and leaf the most expensive). There have been a number of sig- rakes are used to rake leaves nificant improvements in garden-tool handle designs to and gather loose plant debris, make tool use more ergonomically effective and more and come in several sizes. There comfortable to operate. are other rake types specifically designed for grading and removing thatch from lawns. Power Tools The size and weight of the rake that is best suited to you depends on your size and strength, and the intended The power rotary tiller is probably the power tool most uses. The length of the rake handle is important; the tip commonly purchased by gardeners. Whether or not a of the handle should come up to your ear when standing gardener needs a rotary tiller depends on the size of upright. A handle that is too short will make your work the garden, the gardener’s capabilities, and the intended harder, causing excess bending and back strain. uses of the tiller. Renting a tiller or hiring someone to till the garden meets the needs of most gardeners. If a tiller A trowel is especially useful for those many digging is to be purchased, tiller selection may be based on the tasks that require a finer degree of control or are per- nature of the work to be done, the quality of the machine formed in a relatively small area. The trowel is perfect and ease of repair, as well as personal preference. The for transplanting seedlings and bulbs, or digging shal- tiller’s engine powers rotating blades, or tines, which low-rooted weeds. Small hand cultivators, often sold make garden soil loose and ready for planting. It can in sets with trowels, are good for weeding in small also chop up plant debris and mix it into the soil. Incor- areas and between closely spaced plants. Another use- porating organic matter and manures into the garden is ful, small digging tool is appropriately named a digger easily accomplished with a tiller, an otherwise laborious chore by hand. The ability of the tiller to do these jobs pass as the heavier, rear-tined type, but it is much eas- effectively is a function of its weight, strength, design, ier to turn. Due to this increased maneuverability, the and type of tines, as front-tined tiller is easy to use in small gardens and in well as the type of corner areas. soil. A heavy, pow- erful tiller is most The purchase of a tiller is a major investment. Features effective on stony, to look for include heavy cast-iron, steel plate and tub- clay soils, while in ing, heavy bearings, strong welds used in construction, a small garden or and easily operable controls. Ask to look at the opera- one with light soil, tor’s manual and try to determine how simply a tune-up a smaller tiller is can be performed; you may save yourself a great deal of more appropriate. trouble and money if you can do the work yourself, par- Very lightweight ticularly if you have no truck on which to load the tiller. tillers, known as Also consider the locations of service centers and parts soil blenders, are dealers. Careful attention to your needs, abilities, and designed mainly for price range is important.