Expanded Carrier Screening: a Current Perspective
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Reframing Psychiatry for Precision Medicine
Reframing Psychiatry for Precision Medicine Elizabeth B Torres 1,2,3* 1 Rutgers University Department of Psychology; [email protected] 2 Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science (RUCCS) 3 Rutgers University Computer Science, Center for Biomedicine Imaging and Modelling (CBIM) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: (011) +858-445-8909 (E.B.T) Supplementary Material Sample Psychological criteria that sidelines sensory motor issues in autism: The ADOS-2 manual [1, 2], under the “Guidelines for Selecting a Module” section states (emphasis added): “Note that the ADOS-2 was developed for and standardized using populations of children and adults without significant sensory and motor impairments. Standardized use of any ADOS-2 module presumes that the individual can walk independently and is free of visual or hearing impairments that could potentially interfere with use of the materials or participation in specific tasks.” Sample Psychiatric criteria from the DSM-5 [3] that does not include sensory-motor issues: A. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, as manifested by the following, currently or by history (examples are illustrative, not exhaustive, see text): 1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity, ranging, for example, from abnormal social approach and failure of normal back-and-forth conversation; to reduced sharing of interests, emotions, or affect; to failure to initiate or respond to social interactions. 2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, ranging, for example, from poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication; to abnormalities in eye contact and body language or deficits in understanding and use of gestures; to a total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication. -
The Advantage of Genome-Wide Microarrays Over Targeted Approaches
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/70828 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. COPY NUMBER VARIATION AND MENTAL RETARDATION opmaak koolen.indd 1 10-09-2008 10:11:31 Copy number variation and mental retardation The studies presented in this thesis were performed at the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The research was supported by a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw). Publication of this thesis was financially supported by the Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. ISBN/EAN 978-90-6464-290-6 © 2008 D.A. Koolen All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, by print or otherwise, without permission in writing from the author. Cover photo: Printed by: Ponsen & Looijen B.V., Wageningen opmaak koolen.indd 2 10-09-2008 10:11:31 Copy number variation and mental retardation Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Medische Wetenschappen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. mr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 6 november 2008 om 15.30 uur precies door David Aljosja Koolen geboren op 22 juni 1976 te ‘s-Gravenhage opmaak koolen.indd 3 10-09-2008 10:11:32 Promotor: Prof. -
Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Neuroprotection: the Role of the Alzheimer’S Disease-Related Gene Seladin-1
REVIEW Estrogen receptor-mediated neuroprotection: The role of the Alzheimer’s disease-related gene seladin-1 Alessandro Peri Abstract: Experimental evidence supports a protective role of estrogen in the brain. According Mario Serio to the fact that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is more common in postmenopausal women, estrogen treatment has been proposed. However, there is no general consensus on the benefi cial effect of Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Endocrine Unit, estrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulators in preventing or treating AD. It has to be said that Center for Research, Transfer several factors may markedly affect the effi cacy of the treatment. A few years ago, the seladin-1 gene and High Education on Chronic, Inflammatory, Degenerative (for selective Alzheimer’s disease indicator-1) has been isolated and found to be down-regulated and Neoplastic Disorders in brain regions affected by AD. Seladin-1 has been found to be identical to the gene encoding the for the Development of Novel enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysterol delta-24-reductase, involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, Therapies (DENOThe), University β of Florence, Florence, Italy which confers protection against -amyloid-mediated toxicity and from oxidative stress, and is an effective inhibitor of caspase-3 activity, a key mediator of apoptosis. Interestingly, we found earlier that the expression of this gene is up-regulated by estrogen. Furthermore, our very recent data support the hypothesis that seladin-1 is a mediator of the neuroprotective effects of estrogen. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the neuroprotective effects of seladin-1 and the relationship between this protein and estrogen. -
Genes in Eyecare Geneseyedoc 3 W.M
Genes in Eyecare geneseyedoc 3 W.M. Lyle and T.D. Williams 15 Mar 04 This information has been gathered from several sources; however, the principal source is V. A. McKusick’s Mendelian Inheritance in Man on CD-ROM. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. Other sources include McKusick’s, Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Catalogs of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders. Baltimore. Johns Hopkins University Press 1998 (12th edition). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim See also S.P.Daiger, L.S. Sullivan, and B.J.F. Rossiter Ret Net http://www.sph.uth.tmc.edu/Retnet disease.htm/. Also E.I. Traboulsi’s, Genetic Diseases of the Eye, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998. And Genetics in Primary Eyecare and Clinical Medicine by M.R. Seashore and R.S.Wappner, Appleton and Lange 1996. M. Ridley’s book Genome published in 2000 by Perennial provides additional information. Ridley estimates that we have 60,000 to 80,000 genes. See also R.M. Henig’s book The Monk in the Garden: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, published by Houghton Mifflin in 2001 which tells about the Father of Genetics. The 3rd edition of F. H. Roy’s book Ocular Syndromes and Systemic Diseases published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins in 2002 facilitates differential diagnosis. Additional information is provided in D. Pavan-Langston’s Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy (5th edition) published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins in 2002. M.A. Foote wrote Basic Human Genetics for Medical Writers in the AMWA Journal 2002;17:7-17. A compilation such as this might suggest that one gene = one disease. -
Diagnosis of Abnormalities in Gonadal Development BERNARD GONDOS, M.D
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 12, No. 4 Copyright © 1982, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Diagnosis of Abnormalities in Gonadal Development BERNARD GONDOS, M.D. Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032 ABSTRACT The role of the clinical laboratory in the diagnosis of abnormalities in gonadal development is reviewed, beginning with a description of the normal differentiation of the ovary and testis and the major types of disorders encountered. The conditions are classified as resulting from abnormal go nadal differentiation, defective endocrine function or excessive endocrine activity. Germ cell neoplasms are also reviewed. Laboratory procedures utilized in evaluation of gonadal abnormalities include cytogenetic, hor monal, and histopathologic studies. Standard procedures are described as well as newer methods which have undergone increasing use in recent years and other specialized procedures which are under investigation for possible clinical application. Introduction tors may all play a role in the development of structural and functional abnormalities The role of the laboratory in the diagno of gonadal differentiation. As a result, sis of abnormalities in gonadal develop classifications of intersex disorders and ment is particularly important. Because of abnormalities of hormone production are the many varieties of such disorders and often confusing. their complex pathogenesis, the types of The present report reviews the labora laboratory tests utilized are quite varied. tory diagnosis of disorders of gonadal de The applications and significance of these velopment, beginning with a consider tests should be clearly understood, since ation of normal gonadal differentiation proper utilization and evaluation may be and a brief summary of the main categor critical in determining gender role assign ies of abnormalities. -
MED12 Related Disorders FTNW
MED12 related disorders rarechromo.org What are the MED12 related disorders? MED12 related disorders are a group of disorders that primarily affect boys. Most boys with MED12 related disorders have intellectual disability/ developmental delay, behavioural problems and low muscle tone. MED12 related disorders occur when the MED12 gene has lost its normal function. Genes are instructions which have important roles in our growth and development. They are made of DNA and are incorporated into organised structures called chromosomes. Chromosomes therefore contain our genetic information. Chromosomes are located in our cells, the building blocks of our bodies. The MED12 gene is located on the X chromosome. The X chromosome is one of the sex chromosomes that determine a person’s gender. Men have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while women have two X chromosomes. Because the MED12 gene is located on the X chromosome, men have only one copy of the gene, while women have two copies. A change in the MED12 gene can cause symptoms in men. Women with a change in the MED12 gene usually have no symptoms. They carry a second copy of the gene that does function normally. Women may show mild features such as learning difficulties. The MED12 related disorders are FG syndrome , Lujan syndrome and the X- linked recessive form of Ohdo syndrome . Although these syndromes differ, they also have the overlapping features listed on page 2. The way that these conditions are inherited is called ‘X-linked’ or ‘X-linked’ recessive. In 2007 it was discovered that changes in the MED12 gene were responsible for the symptoms and features in several boys with FG syndrome. -
Table S1. Disease Classification and Disease-Reaction Association
Table S1. Disease classification and disease-reaction association Disorder class Associated reactions cross Disease Ref[Goh check et al. -
Effects of DHCR24 Depletion in Vivo and in Vitro
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 Effects of DHCR24 depletion in vivo and in vitro Kuehnle, Katrin Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163476 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Kuehnle, Katrin. Effects of DHCR24 depletion in vivo and in vitro. 2006, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Effects of DHCR24 Depletion in vivo and in vitro Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Katrin Kuehnle aus Deutschland Promotionskommitee Prof. Esther Stöckli (Vorsitz) PD Dr. M. Hasan Mohajeri (Leitung der Dissertation) Prof. Alex Hajnal Zürich, 2006 It is almost precisely 100 years ago that Auguste D. reported to a German psychiatrist in Frankfurt with the words: ‘I lost myself’. The psychiatrist was none other than Alois Alzheimer, and this day should mark the beginning of Alzheimer’s disease research. Christian Haass, 2004 SUMMARY 9 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 11 1. INTRODUCTION 13 1.1 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 13 1.1.1 THE DISEASE HYPOTHESES 14 1.1.2 APP PROCESSING 15 1.1.3 FAMILIAL ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (FAD) 17 1.1.4 GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC RISK FACTORS FOR AD 17 1.1.5 CLEARANCE OF AΒETA FROM THE BRAIN 18 1.1.6 TREATMENTS AND POSSIBLE TREATMENT STRATEGIES OF AD 19 1.2 CHOLESTEROL AND AD 21 1.2.1 METABOLISM OF CHOLESTEROL 22 1.2.2 BRAIN CHOLESTEROL 24 1.2.3 CELLULAR MEMBRANES AND LIPID RAFTS 25 1.2.4 CHOLESTEROLS’ INFLUENCE ON APP PROCESSING 26 1.2.5 CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPORT DISORDERS 27 1.2.6 DHCR24 KNOCK-OUT MICE 28 1.2.7 DHCR24/SELADIN-1 29 1.3 AIM OF THE STUDY 31 2. -
Prenatalscreen® Standard Technical Report
About PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test is a genetic test that analyses fetal DNA, obtained from CVS or amniotic fluid following an invasive prenatal diagnosis, to screen for monogenic disorders in the fetus. Using the latest technologies, including Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test screen 744 genes for mutations causing over 1.000 severe genetic disorders in the fetus. PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test allows for a comprehensive care and enables patients to make more informed reproductive decisions. Offering PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test to a patient during pregnancy allows her to gain more knowledge about the potential to pass along a condition to the fetus. Aim of the test PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test analyses DNA extracted from fetal cells in the amniotic fluid, collected through amniocentesis, or in the chorionic villi through villocentesis (CVS). The aim of this diagnositc test is to assess severe genetic diseases in the fetus, including the most common diseases in the European population. Genes listed in Table 1 were selected according to the incidence in the population of the disease caused by mutations in such genes, the severity of the clinical phenotype at birth and the importance of the related pathogenetic picture, in accordance with the indications of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG)(Grody et al., Genet Med 2013:15:482–483). PrenatalScreen®: Indication for testing PrenatalScreen® Prenatal Test is intended for patients who meet any of the following criteria: • Personal/familial anamnesis of hereditary genetic diseases; • For expectant mothers wishing to reduce the risk of a genetic diseases in the fetus; • For natural or in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived pregnancies: • For couples using heterologus IVF procedures (egg/sperm donors). -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0210567 A1 Bevec (43) Pub
US 2010O2.10567A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0210567 A1 Bevec (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 19, 2010 (54) USE OF ATUFTSINASATHERAPEUTIC Publication Classification AGENT (51) Int. Cl. A638/07 (2006.01) (76) Inventor: Dorian Bevec, Germering (DE) C07K 5/103 (2006.01) A6IP35/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A6IPL/I6 (2006.01) WINSTEAD PC A6IP3L/20 (2006.01) i. 2O1 US (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................... 514/18: 530/330 9 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 12/677,311 The present invention is directed to the use of the peptide compound Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH as a therapeutic agent for (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 9, 2008 the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cancer, autoimmune dis eases, fibrotic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurodegen (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2008/007470 erative diseases, infectious diseases, lung diseases, heart and vascular diseases and metabolic diseases. Moreover the S371 (c)(1), present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions (2), (4) Date: Mar. 10, 2010 preferably inform of a lyophilisate or liquid buffersolution or artificial mother milk formulation or mother milk substitute (30) Foreign Application Priority Data containing the peptide Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH optionally together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable car Sep. 11, 2007 (EP) .................................. O7017754.8 rier, cryoprotectant, lyoprotectant, excipient and/or diluent. US 2010/0210567 A1 Aug. 19, 2010 USE OF ATUFTSNASATHERAPEUTIC ment of Hepatitis BVirus infection, diseases caused by Hepa AGENT titis B Virus infection, acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, full minant liver failure, liver cirrhosis, cancer associated with Hepatitis B Virus infection. 0001. The present invention is directed to the use of the Cancer, Tumors, Proliferative Diseases, Malignancies and peptide compound Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-OH (Tuftsin) as a thera their Metastases peutic agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of cancer, 0008. -
Craniosynostosis Precision Panel Overview Indications Clinical Utility
Craniosynostosis Precision Panel Overview Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, often resulting in abnormal head shape. It is a developmental craniofacial anomaly resulting from a primary defect of ossification (primary craniosynostosis) or, more commonly, from a failure of brain growth (secondary craniosynostosis). As well, craniosynostosis can be simple when only one suture fuses prematurely or complex/compound when there is a premature fusion of multiple sutures. Complex craniosynostosis are usually associated with other body deformities. The main morbidity risk is the elevated intracranial pressure and subsequent brain damage. When left untreated, craniosynostosis can cause serious complications such as developmental delay, facial abnormality, sensory, respiratory and neurological dysfunction, eye anomalies and psychosocial disturbances. In approximately 85% of the cases, this disease is isolated and nonsyndromic. Syndromic craniosynostosis usually present with multiorgan complications. The Igenomix Craniosynostosis Precision Panel can be used to make a directed and accurate diagnosis ultimately leading to a better management and prognosis of the disease. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in this disease using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to fully understand the spectrum of relevant genes involved. Indications The Igenomix Craniosynostosis Precision Panel is indicated for those patients with a clinical diagnosis or suspicion with or without the following manifestations: ‐ Microcephaly ‐ Scaphocephaly (elongated head) ‐ Anterior plagiocephaly ‐ Brachycephaly ‐ Torticollis ‐ Frontal bossing Clinical Utility The clinical utility of this panel is: - The genetic and molecular confirmation for an accurate clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic patient. - Early initiation of treatment in the form surgical procedures to relieve fused sutures, midface advancement, limited phase of orthodontic treatment and combined 1 orthodontics/orthognathic surgery treatment. -
Steroidal Triterpenes of Cholesterol Synthesis
Molecules 2013, 18, 4002-4017; doi:10.3390/molecules18044002 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Steroidal Triterpenes of Cholesterol Synthesis Jure Ačimovič and Damjana Rozman * Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-1-543-7591; Fax: +386-1-543-7588. Received: 18 February 2013; in revised form: 19 March 2013 / Accepted: 27 March 2013 / Published: 4 April 2013 Abstract: Cholesterol synthesis is a ubiquitous and housekeeping metabolic pathway that leads to cholesterol, an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes, required for proper membrane permeability and fluidity. The last part of the pathway involves steroidal triterpenes with cholestane ring structures. It starts by conversion of acyclic squalene into lanosterol, the first sterol intermediate of the pathway, followed by production of 20 structurally very similar steroidal triterpene molecules in over 11 complex enzyme reactions. Due to the structural similarities of sterol intermediates and the broad substrate specificity of the enzymes involved (especially sterol-Δ24-reductase; DHCR24) the exact sequence of the reactions between lanosterol and cholesterol remains undefined. This article reviews all hitherto known structures of post-squalene steroidal triterpenes of cholesterol synthesis, their biological roles and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis. Furthermore, it summarises kinetic parameters of enzymes (Vmax and Km) and sterol intermediate concentrations from various tissues. Due to the complexity of the post-squalene cholesterol synthesis pathway, future studies will require a comprehensive meta-analysis of the pathway to elucidate the exact reaction sequence in different tissues, physiological or disease conditions.