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Measuring Tourism Coopetition Networks of Scenic Villages: Case Study of Dapeng Peninsula

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Measuring Tourism Coopetition Networks of Scenic Villages: Case Study of Dapeng Peninsula Copyright Undertaking This thesis is protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. By reading and using the thesis, the reader understands and agrees to the following terms: 1. The reader will abide by the rules and legal ordinances governing copyright regarding the use of the thesis. 2. The reader will use the thesis for the purpose of research or private study only and not for distribution or further reproduction or any other purpose. 3. The reader agrees to indemnify and hold the University harmless from and against any loss, damage, cost, liability or expenses arising from copyright infringement or unauthorized usage. IMPORTANT If you have reasons to believe that any materials in this thesis are deemed not suitable to be distributed in this form, or a copyright owner having difficulty with the material being included in our database, please contact [email protected] providing details. The Library will look into your claim and consider taking remedial action upon receipt of the written requests. Pao Yue-kong Library, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong http://www.lib.polyu.edu.hk MEASURING TOURISM COOPETITION NETWORKS OF SCENIC VILLAGES: CASE STUDY OF DAPENG PENINSULA YAO SUN PhD The Hong Kong Polytechnic University This programme is jointly offered by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Harbin Institute of Technology 2018 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Building and Real Estate Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School Measuring Tourism Coopetition Networks of Scenic Villages: Case Study of Dapeng Peninsula Yao SUN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 2018 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it reproduces no material previously published or written, nor material that has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. (Signed) Yao Sun (Name of student) I Abstract Rural tourism has gained increasing popularity in China in the past two decades, due to enormous market demand. Especially, scenic villages, that is, those rural villages located within the boundary of scenic districts, gradually become desirable tourism destinations for urbanites longing for different lifestyles from fast-paced and stressful urban routines, thanks to their high accessibility to scenic districts. Scenic villages are an integral part of the entire scenic districts, because tourists are able to enjoy traditional rural landscape in these villages and conveniently visit the surrounding designated scenic spots. As a result, tourism industry prospers, with growing monetary benefits and employment opportunities for local villagers. A notable side effect of the unregulated rural tourism market, however, is the overheated competition between different scenic villages and scenic spots. For instance, in order to maximize individual benefits, scenic villages tend to replicate a few successful models, which ends up with rising tourism management cost and oversupply of homogeneous tourism products. This, in turn, harms the overall competitiveness of scenic districts. Given this background, this research targets at tourism coopetition networks (hereafter TCN) of scenic villages, with the hope of breaking the vicious competition cycle between scenic villages and scenic spots. The core statement of this study is that TCNs have the potential to become an ideal option to rebuild a well-connected relationship between scenic villages and scenic spots in a specific scenic district. This study develops the model with a combination of methodology to measure the TCNs. Planning strategies of scenic villages are suggested based on TCNs. The above statement is examined through the empirical case study of Dapeng Peninsula in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province. The main content of this research consists of the following four aspects. First of all, the theoretical construct of this dissertation is established through conducting a comprehensive literature review and systematic analysis. Coopetition theory and network theory together contribute to the solid theoretical basis for measuring TCNs. On one hand, coopetition theory reveals the value proposition of this study by advocating the statement that TCNs are the best choice to construct an integrated interest-convergent system between scenic villages and scenic spots, from an overall perspective of the whole scenic district. Network theory, on the other hand, illustrates the core research methodology by serving as main approach of measuring TCNs. Built upon aforementioned theories, two structural II elements of TCNs are derived, namely, nodal competitiveness (hereafter NC) and cooperation networks (hereafter CN). The dissertation also justifies why TCNs can guide scenic villages planning. Second, a model is built to measure the value of NC quantitatively. Specifically speaking, this model relies on a myriad of techniques, including the process of data mining, cleaning and analyzing under the framework of Machine Learning, on the basis of analytics of big data from social media and questionnaire survey. The model is applied to Dapeng Peninsula, which generates the value of NCs for its 43 scenic villages and 34 scenic spots. In addition, the factors which exert influence on NC of scenic villages are evaluated from the dimensions of situational conditions, tourism resources, sustainable development and tourism management, in order to explore the potential reasons behind the different results of NC. The third part attempts to build a model to quantify CN, which is made up with cooperation linkages (hereafter CL). On one hand, the connotation and evaluation system of cooperation between tourism destinations is explored in depth. On the other hand, this study designs a model to measure the strength of CL, reliant again on the analysis of big data from social media and questionnaire survey results. This model is also verified through the empirical study of scenic villages in Dapeng Peninsula in which the CL strength between 43 scenic villages and 34 scenic spots is measured. In a similar fashion with the exploration of NC, the factors of CL strength between scenic villages and scenic spots are evaluated from the dimensions of spatial interaction, tourism resource interaction and administrative affiliation interaction, in order to explain the potential reasons behind the CL strength measured by the model. Fourth, TCN presents a new approach to scenic village planning (hereafter SVP) by integrating NC and CN. This new paradigm of SVP is respectively elaborated based on the measurement result of both NC and CN, including village group plan, individual village plan and plan of transport, cultural and administrative connections. SVP not only enriches China’s urban and rural planning system, but also helps shape healthy relationship between scenic villages and scenic spots located in the same scenic district. To sum up, the novelty of this study is to contribute a methodology and models to measure TCNs of scenic villages quantitatively. Along the way, this study also confirms a set of III factors influencing NC and CL strength. What’s more, SVP are proposed based on TCNs in order to ensure the sustainable development of scenic villages, which add the practical value of this research. IV Publications Sun, Y., Ma, H., & Shao, Y. (2014). Out of the Not-in-my-backyard Dilemma between Community Development and Ecological Protection: A Case Study on the Implementation of Basic Ecological Control Line Planning in Shenzhen. Urban Studies , 21(11), 11-15. (in Chinese) Sun, Y., & Ma, H. (2014). Road Network Planning in the Region of Complex Terrain: Case Study of Jianshi County Town. Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference in 2014pp. 132-141 2014 , Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. (in Chinese) Sun, Y., & Ma, H. (2015). Industrial Development and Space Renewal Planning for Scenic Villages Located in the Ecological Control Line: Case Study on Villages of Bantianyun and Shayuchong in Dapeng Peninsula, Shenzhen. Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference in 2015pp. 92-99 2015 , Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. (in Chinese) Sun, Y., Ma, H., & Song, J. (2015). A Comparative Study on the Development Strategies of Shenzhen and Hong Kong Country Parks. Landscape Architecture , 7, 118-124. (in Chinese) Ma, H., & Sun, Y. (2015). The Current Situation and Future Development of Green Buildings in Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Regional Environmental Cooperation and Low Carbon Development between Guangdong and Hong Kongpp. 135-144 , Beijing: Social Science Academic Press. (in Chinese) Sun, Y., Chan, E. H., & Ma, H. (2016). Conceptual Clarification of Coopetition Theory in the Regional Rural Tourism Development in China. Proceedings of International Conference on Hospitality, Leisure, Sports and Tourism in 2016, 12-21. Sun, Y., Ma, H., & Qiao, X. (2016). The Functional and Spatial Renewal Approaches of the Villages based upon the Scenic Spots: A Case Study of Jiaochangwei Village in Shenzhen. Modern Urban Research , (5), 86-91. (in Chinese) V Sun, Y., Chan, E. H., & Ma, H. (2016). The Influence of Traditional Peri-urban Villages on Improving the Mental Wellness of Urban Residents: A Case Study of Dapeng District, Shenzhen City. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 36, 34-41. Sun, Y., & Ma, H. (2017). Overview on the Research
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