High Recovery of Saplings After Severe Drought in Temperate Deciduous Forests
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The Invasive Alien Leaf Miner Cameraria Ohridella and the Native Tree Acer Pseudoplatanus: a Fatal Attraction?
1 The invasive alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the native tree Acer pseudoplatanus: a fatal attraction? Christelle Per´ e†,´ Sylvie Augustin∗, Ted C. J. Turlings† and Marc Kenis CABI Europe-Switzerland, 2800 Del´emont, Switzerland, ∗INRA, UR 633 Zoologie Foresti`ere, 45000 Orl´eans, France and †Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchˆatel, 2009 Neuchˆatel, Switzerland Abstract 1 The horse-chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella is an invasive moth in Europe and a serious pest of horse-chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum. The moth also occasionally attacks sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus, when situated beside infested horse-chestnuts. 2 The main objective of the present study was to provide an overview of the relationship between C. ohridella and A. pseudoplatanus and to determine whether C. ohridella has the potential to shift to this native tree. 3 In the field, females oviposit on different deciduous tree species. Although less frequently attacked than A. hippocastanum, A. pseudoplatanus was clearly preferred for oviposition over 12 other woody species investigated. 4 Surveys in Europe demonstrated that the majority of A. pseudoplatanus trees found beside infested A. hippocastanum had mines of C. ohridella, even though more than 70% of the larvae died within the first two instars. Attack rates and development success greatly varied from site to site. Attack levels on A. pseudoplatanus were not always correlated with those on A. hippocastanum, and mines on A. pseudoplatanus were sometimes observed beside weakly-infested A. hippocastanum. 5 Field observations, experimental exposure of A. pseudoplatanus saplings and rearing trials in a common garden study showed that individual trees may vary in their susceptibility to C. -
Symposium on the Gray Squirrel
SYMPOSIUM ON THE GRAY SQUIRREL INTRODUCTION This symposium is an innovation in the regional meetings of professional game and fish personnel. When I was asked to serve as chairman of the Technical Game Sessions of the 13th Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners this seemed to be an excellent opportunity to collect most of the people who have done some research on the gray squirrel to exchange information and ideas and to summarize some of this work for the benefit of game managers and other biologists. Many of these people were not from the southeast and surprisingly not one of the panel mem bers is presenting a general resume of one aspect of squirrel biology with which he is most familiar. The gray squirrel is also important in Great Britain but because it causes extensive damage to forests. Much work has been done over there by Monica Shorten (Mrs. Vizoso) and a symposium on the gray squirrel would not be complete without her presence. A grant from the National Science Foundation through the American Institute of Biological Sciences made it possible to bring Mrs. Vizoso here. It is hoped that this symposium will set a precedent for other symposia at future wildlife conferences. VAGN FLYGER. THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GRAY SQUIRREL, SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS, TO ITS NEAREST RELATIVES By DR. ]. C. MOORE INTRODUCTION It seems at least slightly more probable at this point in our knowledge of the living Sciuridae, that the northeastern American gray squirrel's oldest known ancestors came from the Old \Vorld rather than evolved in the New. -
00TS Johnson
Treenet Proceedings of the Inaugural Street Tree Symposium: 7 th and 8 th September 2000 ISBN 0-9775084-0-4 Treenet Inc GREENING THE CITY OF WEST TORRENS Tim Johnson The following notes summarize the presentation given at the TREENET Symposium in September 2000. The presentation summary included: • the current state of established street trees in the City of West Torrens • the City’s historical approach to greening • issues and problems in greening a highly urbanized area with a culturally diverse population • recent greening works • trials of a range of relatively unknown tree species to determine their local suitability for street use The northern boundary of West Torrens follows the River Torrens, the Glenelg tramline forms part of the southern boundary. Soils range from heavy clay to loam & sand. Average annual rainfall recorded at the airport is 450mm • Agonis flexuosa Halifax Street Hilton & Henry Street Plympton are examples of typical streetscapes occurring throughout West Torrens. Many streets have narrow nature strips, severely restricting the range of tree species which can be planted. Many existing street trees were planted in response to publication of the schedules included in Regulation 12 of the Sewerage Act of 1929-1977. The Agonis flexuosa in Goldfinch Avenue at Cowandilla are one example, they were removed during autumn 2000 and replaced with Acer buergerianum • Eucalyptus tessellaris and Eucalyptus cneorifolia Eucalyptus tessellaris in Selby Street Kurralta Park is an example of an inappropriate species for street use. Structural hazards & infrastructure impacts at 20 years of age required that they be removed. Eucalyptus cneorifolia and some other species planted following preparation of the Sewerage Act regulations and schedules remain quite healthy but their contribution to the amenity of streetscapes is frequently questioned. -
European Inventory of Improved Varieties of Valuable Broadleaves COST E42 Inventory of Improved Varieties
COST E42 Growing Valuable Broadleaved tree Species Working Group 1 Basics of Growing Valuable Broadleaves European inventory of improved varieties of valuable broadleaves COST E42 Inventory of Improved Varieties “Improved varieties ” Type of Basic Material Category of Forest Reproductive Material Source identified Selected Qualified Tested Seed Source X Stand X X X Seed Orchard XX Parents of Family(ies) XX Clone XX Clonal Mixture XX COST E42 Inventory of Improved Varieties “Improved varieties ” Type of Basic Material Category of Forest Reproductive Material Source identified Selected Qualified Tested Seed Source X Stand X X X Seed Orchard XX Parents of Family(ies) XX Clone XX Clonal Mixture XX Additional information on average number of plants used for silvicultural purposes for each of the four categories of FRM (on a yearly basis) Number, area and harvest in selected non-tested seed stands COST E42 Inventory of Improved Varieties “Improved varieties ” Type of Basic Material Category of Forest Reproductive Material Source identified Selected Qualified Tested Seed Source X Stand X X X Seed Orchard XX Parents of Family(ies) XX Clone XX Clonal Mixture XX Additional information on averageaverage numbernumber ofof plantsplants usedused forfor silviculturalsilvicultural purposespurposes forfor eacheach ofof thethe fourfour categoriescategories ofof FRMFRM (( onon aa yearlyyearly basis)basis) Number, area and harvest in selected non-tested seed stands COST E42 Inventory of Improved Varieties State of the art COST E42 : 25 signatory countries -
Acer Pseudoplatanus (Maple-Sycamore) ID #570
Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina BIO 140 Arboretum Project Student Work on Display 4-27-2020 Acer pseudoplatanus (Maple-Sycamore) ID #570 Caitlyn Rubino Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/bio140_arboretum Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons Caitlyn Rubino April 23, 2020 BIO-140L-01: Humans and Their Environment (Lab) Salve Regina University Maple-Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus ID #570 Over the first half of the spring semester, we were told to select a tree anywhere on campus to observe and take photographs of it every so often. Since time for student’s to be on campus was cut short due to the Coronavirus, we were unable to observe our selected tree after March 13th. The tree that I selected is located on the lawn on Watts-Sherman along Victoria Avenue. I chose this tree because the size of the tree and ivy that covers the trunk stood out to me and I passed by it every day as I was walking to or from my dorm in Wallace Hall, which made it easy to observe. Figure 1: a photo of my tree on February Figure 2: a photo of ivy growing around the 5th, 2020. trunk on April 20th, 2020. I learned more about this tree after examining the details from ArborScope by looking up the tree’s ID number, which is 570. The radius of crown is 10 meters, the height is 20 meters, and the DHB (diameter at breast height) is 40 centimeters. The maple- sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) on our campus is mature but in poor condition due to the ivy that is growing around the trunk. -
Tree Planting and Management
COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION Tree Planting and Management Breadth of Opportunity The spread of the Commission's responsibilities over some 148 countries in temperate, mediterranean, tropical and desert climates provides wonderful opportunities to experiment with nature's wealth of tree species. We are particularly fortunate in being able to grow many interesting and beautiful trees and we will explain how we manage them and what splendid specimens they can make. Why Plant Trees? Trees are planted for a variety of reasons: their amenity value, leaf shape and size, flowers, fruit, habit, form, bark, landscape value, shelter or screening, backcloth planting, shade, noise and pollution reduction, soil stabilisation and to encourage wild life. Often we plant trees solely for their amenity value. That is, the beauty of the tree itself. This can be from the leaves such as those in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia', the flowers in the tropical tree Tabebuia or Albizia, the crimson stems of the sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda), or the fruit as in Magnolia grandiflora. above: Sealing wax palms at Taiping War Cemetery, Malaysia with insert of the fruit of Magnolia grandiflora Selection Generally speaking the form of the left: The tropical tree Tabebuia tree is very often a major contributing factor and this, together with a sound knowledge of below: Flowers of the tropical the situation in which the tree is to tree Albizia julibrissin be grown, guides the decision to the best choice of species. Exposure is a major limitation to the free choice of species in northern Europe especially and trees such as Sorbus, Betula, Tilia, Fraxinus, Crataegus and fastigiate yews play an important role in any landscape design where the elements are seriously against a wider selection. -
Mysterious Chokeberries: New Data on the Diversity and Phylogeny of Aronia Medik. (Rosaceae)
European Journal of Taxonomy 570: 1–14 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.570 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2019 · Shipunov A. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article Mysterious chokeberries: new data on the diversity and phylogeny of Aronia Medik. (Rosaceae) Alexey SHIPUNOV 1,*, Sofia GLADKOVA 2, Polina TIMOSHINA 3, Hye Ji LEE 4, Jinhee CHOI 5, Sarah DESPIEGELAERE 5 & Bryan CONNOLLY 5 1,4,5,6 Minot State University, Biology, 500 University Ave, Minot, ND, USA. 2,3 Department of Biology, Moscow State University, Russia. 7 Framingham State University, Biology, 100 State St, Framingham, MA, USA. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 4 Email: [email protected] 5 Email: [email protected] 6 Email: [email protected] 7 Email: [email protected] Abstract. Aronia Medik. (chokeberry, Rosaceae) is a genus of woody shrubs with two or three North American species. Species boundaries and relationships between species of Aronia are frequently under question. The only European species in the genus, A. mitschurinii A.K.Skvortsov & Maitul., is suggested to be an inter-generic hybrid. In order to clarify the relationships between species of Aronia, we performed several morphometric and molecular analyses and found that the molecular and morphological diversity within data on American Aronia is low, and species boundaries are mostly not clearly expressed. Whereas morphology is able to separate American species from A. mitschurinii, there is no support for such discrimination from the molecular data; our analyses did not reveal evidence of A. -
European Mountain Ash Ringspot-Associated Virus (Emarav) in Sorbus Aucuparia
UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA, ALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSISTEMAS GRADO EN BIOTECNOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV) in Sorbus aucuparia. Studies on spatial distribution, genetic diversity and virus-induced symptoms TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Autor: Héctor Leandro Fernández Colino Tutor académico: Fernando García- Arenal Rodríguez Tutora profesional: Susanne von Bargen Febrero 2020 UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA, ALIMENTARIA Y DE BIOSISTEMAS GRADO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN ASH RINGSPOT-ASSOCIATED VIRUS (EMARAV) IN SORBUS AUCUPARIA. STUDIES ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, GENETIC DIVERSITY AND VIRUS-INDUCED SYMPTOMS TRABAJO FIN DE GRADO Héctor Leandro Fernández Colino MADRID, 2020 Tutor académico: Fernando García-Arenal Rodríguez Catedrático de Universidad Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Tutora profesional: Susanne von Bargen Doctor Division Phytomedicine, Albrecht-Daniel Thaer Institute, Humboldt University Berlin II TITULO DEL TFG- EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN ASH RINGSPOT- ASSOCIATED VIRUS (EMARAV) IN SORBUS AUCUPARIA. STUDIES ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, GENETIC DIVERSITY AND VIRUS-INDUCED SYMPTOMS Memoria presentada por HÉCTOR FERNÁNDEZ COLINO para la obtención del título de Graduado en Biotecnología por la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Fdo: Héctor Leandro Fernández Colino Vº Bº Tutores D. Fernando García-Arenal Rodríguez Catedrático de Universidad Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal Centro: ETSIAAB - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid D.ª Susanne von Bargen Doctor Division Phytomedicine Centro: Albrecht-Daniel Thaer Institute - Humboldt University of Berlin Madrid, 03 febrero 2020 III Agradecimientos – Special thanks A la doctora Susanne von Bargen, por aconsejarme siempre con paciencia y hacer de mi debut en el verdadero trabajo científico algo tan agradable y memorable. -
Spread and Attempted Eradication of the Grey Squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis) in Italy, and Consequences for the Red Squirrel (Sciurus Vulgaris) in Eurasia
Biological Conservation 109 (2003) 351–358 www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Spread and attempted eradication of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Italy, and consequences for the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in Eurasia Sandro Bertolinoa, Piero Genovesib,* aDIVAPRA Entomology & Zoology, University of Turin, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy bNational Wildlife Institute, Via Ca’ Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy Received 26 February 2001; received in revised form 2 April 2002; accepted 26 April 2002 Abstract In 1997, the National Wildlife Institute, in co-operation with the University of Turin, produced an action plan to eradicate the American grey squirrel from Italy, as this introduced species replaces the native red squirrel through competitive exclusion and damages trees through de-barking. The first step, a trial eradication of a small population of grey squirrels at Racconigi (Turin) to evaluate the efficiency of the removal techniques, started in May 1997. Preliminary results showed that eradication was feasible, but the project was opposed by radical animal rights groups which took the National Wildlife Institute to court in June 1997. This legal action caused a suspension of the project and led to a lengthy judicial enquiry that ended in July 2000 with the acquittal of the Institute. Nevertheless, the 3-year suspension of all actions led to a significant expansion of the grey squirrel’s range and thus era- dication is no longer considered practical. Therefore, in the medium to long term, grey squirrels are likely to expand through con- tinental Eurasia. This constitutes a major threat to the survival of the red squirrel over a large portion of its distribution range and will have a significant impact on forests, with economic damage to timber crops. -
Ash Treeleavesthatunfurlinspringare Darker Greyandformingdeepcrackswithage
Ash © Robert Graham. Latin name Fraxinus excelsior Fraxinus excelsior buds, Fraxinus excelsior fruits © Sten Porse, How to spot Fraxinus excelsior The ash tree is deciduous, so it drops all its leaves and stands bare in Winter. It is still easily identified without leaves by smooth Left to right: grey twigs that hold sooty, black leaf buds. The bark of a young ash tree is smooth and greenish-grey, turning ASH FACTSHEET ASH darker grey and forming deep cracks with age. Ash tree leaves that unfurl in Spring are compound, divided into pairs of leaflets along a long leaf stalk. They usually have 3-6 pairs of light green pointed leaflets with a single leaflet at the Compound leaves end of the leaf. are made up of many smaller leaves called In late Summer they have large clusters of leaflets that are joined green winged fruits known as ‘keys’ that turn to a single stem. brown after the leaves have fallen in Autumn. Our UK native ash tree can grow to be one of the tallest trees in a woodland reaching up to 40m in height. Where it grows Ash trees often grow in groups and can be found in woods, along hedgerows and in streets and parks. It is one of the UK’s most abundant trees, although less common in northern Scotland. Registered charity 294344 and SC038885 Supporting the Woodland Trust’s Nature’s Calendar project Don’t confuse it with Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) Rowan trees have similar shaped leaves that could easily be mistaken for ash © Jonik. leaves, but the trees are much smaller and more compact. -
Nut Leaf Miner Cameraria Ohridella and the Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch Guignardia Aesculi
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 26 April 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0662.v1 Article Seasonal changes and the interaction between the horse chest- nut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the horse chestnut leaf blotch Guignardia aesculi Michal Kopačka 1, Gösta Nachman 2 and Rostislav Zemek 1,* 1 Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Repub- lic; [email protected] 2 Department of Biology, Section of Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an inva- sive pest of horse chestnut and has spread through Europe since 1985. The horse chestnut leaf blotch Guignardia aesculi (Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae) is a fungal disease that also se- riously damages horse chestnut trees in Europe. The interaction between the leaf miner and the fungus has not yet been sufficiently described. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess leaf damage inflicted to horse chestnut by both C. ohridella and G. aesculi during the vegetation season and to model their interaction. The damage to leaf area was measured monthly from May to September 2013 in České Budějovice, the Czech Republic. A simple phenomenological model de- scribing the expected dynamics of the two species was developed. The study revealed a significant effect of sampling site and sampling period on the damage caused by both the pest and the fungus. The mathematical model indicates that infestation by C. ohridella is more affected by G. -
Natural Regeneration of Sycamore Maple in Southern Sweden and Lithuania
Natural regeneration of Sycamore maple in southern Sweden and Lithuania Vidas Ambrazevičius Institutionen för sydsvensk skogsvetenskap Supervisor: Emma Holmström SLU Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Telefon: 040-41 50 00 Master Thesis no. 252 Telefax: 040-46 23 25 Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Alnarp 2016 Natural regeneration of Sycamore maple in southern Sweden and Lithuania Vidas Ambrazevičius Supervisor: Emma Holmström, SLU Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Examiner: Eric Agestam, SLU Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Master Thesis no. 252 Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Alnarp 2016 MSc thesis in Forest Management – Euroforester Master Program SM001 Advanced Level (A2E), SLU course code EX0630, 30 ECTS Abstract Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) is a widespread but minor species in many central European countries. In Sweden and Lithuania it is non-native tree species, but natural distribution range is less than 100 km away in neighbouring countries. However here sycamore is able to regenerate and disperse to local forest stands. The aim of the study was to investigate sycamore regeneration in different forest stands and clearcuts adjacent to sycamore seed source stands. The study was conducted in southern Sweden and southwestern Lithuania. 30 sycamore source 48 adjacent stands of spruce, beech, oak, pine and clearcuts were selected for the survey. Results revealed that dominant tree species of adjacent stand and distance from a sycamore seed source were the most sycamore regeneration density influencing factors. The most suitable conditions for naturally regenerated sycamore were in oak stands. Sycamore regeneration was more abundant in the sample plots closer to the source stand and had a tendency to be influenced by prevailing winds.