Scottish Ancestry Differences from English Research

SCOTTISH

ANCESTRY SCOTTISH ANCESTRY DIFFERENCES FROM ENGLISH RESEARCH

 Civil registration only commenced in 1855, but the registers contain more information.  There is less information on death/burial in parish registers.  The legal New Year changed to the 1st of January in 1600 rather than in 1752 as in England.  A greater variation in spelling of even locally common surnames.  ‘Irregular’ marriages were legally binding – but will often not be recorded. SCOTTISH ANCESTORS SPELLING VARIATION

 Rattray, Ratray, Ratry, Rattry, Rattery, Rettray

 in 14th century Gàidhlig manuscripts Mac Domhnaill anglicized as MacDonald, McDonald, Macdonald Mac Dhomhnaill anglized as McConnell, McGonnell, MacDhonell, MacDawnell, McDaniel Donaldson SCOTTISH ANCESTRY SOURCES OF INFORMATION

 ScotlandsPeople https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/  FamilySearch https://familysearch.org  Ancestry http://search.ancestry.co.uk  FindMyPast http://www.findmypast.co.uk/  Google https://www.google.co.uk  Google Books https://books.google.co.uk/  The Red Book of Scotland http://redbookofscotland.co.uk/  Scottish Record Society http://www.electricscotland.com/history/records/index.htm  Cyndi’s List – Scotland http://www.cyndislist.com/uk/sct

 http://www.familytreemagazine.com/articlelist/scottish SCOTTISH ANCESTRY EMIGRATION

 Push / Pull  Convicts, sent to North America until 1776, Australia from 1787 till 1867  Poverty  Charities  Government  Landowners  Land availability  Gold  Employment  http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z4h39j6/re vision/1  http://scottishemigration.blogspot.co.uk/

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY EMIGRATION

 Migration to England or Ireland is not normally considered as emigration (no passenger lists!)  Scotland lost 10% to 47% of the natural population increase every decade in the 1800s.  Until about 1855, a number of the emigrants from the Highlands were forced to leave the land because of evictions – The Highland Clearances  In the Lowlands, emigration was almost always the outcome of wanting to improve one’s living standards.  Many migrants returned – family and social ties or the grass was no greener. SCOTTISH / IRISH NAMING PATTERNS

 Pattern was said to be ‘highly developed’ , its usage driven by an ‘almost ritual attitude to the naming of children’.  Scotland’s People Website – ‘pattern not universally used but may be helpful’  Researcher Alice Crook (2012)  In Beith 1701-1800, a minimum of 22.65% did NOT use the pattern for boys, 37.8% did not use the pattern for girls  The remainder could be using ‘the pattern’ OR be following a patrilineal/matrilineal convention OR pure chance because of limited name stock.

SCOTTISH/IRISH NAMING PATTERNS Child For whom named 1st son Paternal grandfather 2nd son Maternal grandfather 3rd son Father 4th son Father’s oldest brother 5th son Mother’s oldest brother or Father’s next eldest brother 1st daughter Maternal grandmother 2nd daughter Paternal grandmother 3rd daughter Mother etc

 If a name has already been used, move to the next ancestor  The name of a child who died in infancy was reused at the next opportunity SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD PARISH RECORDS

 The established Presbyterian Church  Baptisms and Marriages, few Burials  Registers also acted as financial ledgers SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD PARISH REGISTERS

1665 Sep 17 Gilbert Ratray was proclaimed & Elspet Anton [ ] [ ] upon [..] test[....]mall

Moneydie, Perthshire 1733 SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD PARISH RECORDS - BURIALS

 It has been estimated that a third of the parishes don’t have any surviving Old Parish Register death and burial records.  Often the only reference is the payment for hire of the mortcloth. Example, Moneydie, Perthshire  1732 Oct 18 Margaret Rattray Rutherford / William Rattray 1733 Jul 29 David Rattray hire mortcloth to Thomas Rattray Son to David Rattray in Rigilmy his funeral 18s 1828 Oct 16 John Rattray Farmer, Moneydie Roger was buried at Moneydie 16th Oct 1828 aged Ninty one  Deceased Online is a central database for United Kingdom burials and cremations (local authorities). It provides access to records and monumental inscriptions from most Scottish local authorities. SCOTTISH ANCESTRY CIVIL REGISTRATION -BMDS

 Only commenced on the 1st of January 1855  More information than English certificates, eg  Birth certificates (1855, 1861 onwards)  Date and place of child’s parents marriage  Marriage certificates after 1855  Name of each spouse’s mother (including maiden name)  1855 marriages – birthplace and number of former marriages of each spouse, and number of children by those marriages  Death certificates (1855, 1861 onwards)  Name and occupation of deceased’s parents (including mother’s maiden name) and name of deceased’s spouse SCOTTISH ANCESTRY - OTHER CIVIL REGISTERS AT SCOTLANDSPEOPLE CENTRE

 Children adopted since 1930  Consular returns of births and deaths (since 1914) and marriages (since 1917) of those of Scottish birth or descent  Divorces since 1984  Some BMDs abroad since 1860  Deaths of Scottish servicemen in the Boer War and the two world wars  Births and deaths since 1855 on British registered vessels at sea (if the deceased, or the father of the child was Scottish); UK registered aircraft since since 1948  Army records of BMDs of Scots at military bases at home and abroad since 1881

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY CENSUS RECORDS

 1841 to 1911  Same as English Census  Images (and transcriptions) on ScotlandsPeople  Transcriptions on Ancestry and FindMyPast and FamilySearch  1939 Register – not available on-line  Paper application - £15 per entry https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//registration/form-nr1.pdf

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD NEWSPAPERS

 FindMyPast  Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland (6,273,728)  Alloa, Clackmannanshire, Scotland (317,691)  Annan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland (50,487)  Arbroath, Angus, Scotland (1,174,675)  Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland (208,735)  Ayr, Ayrshire, Scotland (43,293)  Banff, Banffshire, Scotland (565,041)  Bellshill, Lanarkshire, Scotland (249,764)  Brechin, Angus, Scotland (101,959)  Cupar, Fife, Scotland (261,927)  Dingwall, Ross and Cromarty, Scotland (169,557)  Dumfries, Dumfriesshire, Scotland (285,102)  Dundee, Angus, Scotland (9,050,145)  Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland (65,550)  Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland (11,353,805)

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD NEWSPAPERS

 Elgin, Moray, Scotland (112,944)  Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland (1,523,899)  Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire, Scotland (293,716)  Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland (2,714,357)  Golspie, Sutherland, Scotland (58,461)  Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland (1,864,541)  Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland (18,384)  Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland (137,358)  Hawick, Roxburghshire, Scotland (236,039)  Inverness, Inverness-Shire, Scotland (666,415)  Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland (104,221)  Kilsyth, Lanarkshire, Scotland (93,416)  Kinross, Kinross-Shire, Scotland (13,686)  Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland (1,265,012)  Kirkintilloch, Dunbartonshire, Scotland (640,719)

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD NEWPAPERS

 Kirkwall, Orkney, Scotland (55,415)  Lanark, Lanarkshire, Scotland (864)  Lerwick, Shetland, Scotland (223,689)  Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland (391,077)  Motherwell, Lanarkshire, Scotland (612,560)  Nairn, Nairnshire, Scotland (61,114)  Oban, Argyll, Scotland (18,787)  Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland (144,415)  Peebles, Peeblesshire, Scotland (14,204)  Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (474,158)  Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland (304,497)  Rothesay, Bute, Scotland (74,636)  Selkirk, Selkirkshire, Scotland (503,834)  St Andrews, Fife, Scotland (535,832)  Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland (286,588)  Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, Scotland (232,348)  Stranraer, Wigtownshire, Scotland (15,427)  Wick, Caithness, Scotland (392,287)

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD NEWSPAPERS

 Rattray – 205,769 articles, 65 1700-1749  Caledonian Mercury 26 April 1733 SCOTTISH ANCESTRY OLD NEWSPAPERS

 Rattray 1800 – 1849  Edinburgh 1143 articles  Glasgow & Greenock – 109; Thomas Rattray – 1 Greenock Advertiser 09 January 1849 SCOTTISH ANCESTRY SCOTLANDSPEOPLE

 ScotlandsPeople is the family history ‘brand’ of the National Records of Scotland  There is a physical ScotlandsPeople Centre in the General Register House opposite Waverly Station in Edinburgh.  The on-line presence is the ScotlandsPeople website at www.ScotlandsPeople.gov.uk SCOTTISH ANCESTRY SCOTLANDSPEOPLE - ONLINE

 Statutory registers of births (older than 100 years), marriages (older than 75 years) and deaths (older than 50 years) cost 6 credits (£1.50)  Census returns and church registers of births and baptisms, marriages, deaths and burials and other events cost 6 credits (£1.50)  Valuation rolls cost 2 credits (£0.50)  Wills and testaments (including soldiers' and airmen's wills) cost 10 credits (£2.50) - this is the cost of the entire document, which is usually two or three pages, but can be more than 100 pages long  Military Service Appeals Tribunal records cost 20 credits (£5.00) - this is the cost of the entire document which is usually about three or four pages long but can be much longer.  Coats of Arms (entries from the Public Register of All Arms and Bearings in Scotland) costs 40 credits (£10.00)

WILLS, TESTAMENTS AND PROBATE

 Strictly, wills deal with real estate, testaments with personal estate.  Real estate - non-moveable, eg land, river rights)  Personal estate – money, furniture, livestock, crops?  Until 1868 real estate, under Scottish law, went to the eldest son, if none surviving then to daughters equally, then to the surviving spouse.  NO WILLS until 1868  Testaments proved (probate) in secular commissary courts (commissariots) 1560 – 1823.  After 1823 in civil sheriff courts (jurisdictions roughly equally counties) SCOTTISH ANCESTRY WILLS, TESTAMENTS AND PROBATE

 Commissariot of Dunkeld 1682-1800 (Archive.org)  Rattray, . . . , in Rannagulaine. See Rattray, Robert. „ Alexander, at Founzekend T. 29 Feb. 1704 „ Alexander, of Tullochuirran 14 Feb. 1723 „ Alexander, of Wester Ennoch. See Easson, Elspeth. „ Andrew, of Tullochcurran T. 19 Mar. 1701 „ Andrew, fowler to the Laird of GrandtuUy T. 9 Apr. 1706 „ Andrew, in Drumvaich 17 Dec. 1717 „ Ann, relict of Thomas Foggo, sometime in Balnacolly 17 Oct. 1758 ,, Charles, in West Drummie 19 Oct. 1732 „ David, in Borland 8 Nov. 1688 „ David, lawful son of the deceased John R., of Millntown of Enoch, by Jean R., his spouse 15 July 1718 „ Gilbert, of Gilliebanks 6 Oct. 1713 „ Henry, sometime in Drumfork, thereafter at Dunse miln 26 Oct. 1747 „ Isobel, sometime in Haltoun of Cargill, thereafter in Ballintuim, second lawful daughter of William R., in Milntown of Edradour 31 Oct. 1749 „ James, of that Ilk, Laird of Craighall 5 and 5 July 1688 „ James, in Meiklehour T. 8 Jan. and T. 20 Feb. 1704 „ James, at Newmiln of Nairn 20 June and 5 July 1716, 7 Oct. 1720, and 10 Aug. 1731 „ James, merchant in Dunkeld 17 Jan. 1738 „ James, in Muresyde of Innernyttie. See Shepherd, Margaret. SCOTTISH ANCESTRY WILLS, TESTAMENTS AND PROBATE

 [....] Testament. Testamentar and Inventar of the goods gear soumes of money and Debts that pertained to umqll Gilbert Rattray of Gilliebanks the time of his decease which was in the moneth of september last by past truely made anf given up to Mr John Rattray Laull Son to the deceist Mr William Rattray minister at Cargill Exec Testamendar nominals and appointed be the sd Defunct Conforms to his nominations and Letter will as the same of the date tenor and Contents underwrin in it self more fully bears mp: There is given up belonging to the sd Defunct the time forsd of his decease the goods gear and soumes of money underwitten of the availls and quantitys Following Viz six head of oxen at twenty five merks per peice Inde [...... ] lib Item two Cows at twenty Merks per peice Ind xxvj lib xiijs viijd Item two stots and two queys Estimate in all to xL lib. Item three horses Estimate to twenty pund per peice Inde Lx lib Item ane stag of ane year old Estimate to vj lib ... Summa Inventory vij & xxvj lib SCOTTISH ANCESTRY WILLS, TESTAMENTS AND PROBATE

 Follows the Latter will Att Gilliebanks the seventh day of September [.....] and thirteen years I Gilbert Rattray of Gilliebanks nominats and appoints Mr John Rattray son to the deceist Mr William Rattray Minister at Cargill Execr and universall Intromeller with the heall Movebl goods & gear Corns Cattle horse [nolt] sheep Debts soumes of money household plenishing outsight and insight also well not named as named all belonging to me the said Gilbert allanerly And that for payment of the said Gilbert his moveable Debts Debts the sd plenishing being sold at the best availl the sd Debts Viz John Thomas in Wind edge two hundred Marks James Craigen in Loack Eighteen pund Scots and some ayr Small Servants fies resting by me this I appoint and ordain as also I declare that there is but little thing of Difference betwixt James Rattray his accompts and myn Whilst most be he [..ed]good at more. Conveniencie the sd. Mr John Rattray always makeing ane accompt to me and faellieing of me to William Lord Nairn and his successors as Witness my  Hand day and date forsd before this witnesses The Right honourable William Lord Nairn and James Rattray at newmiln of Nairn writer hereof sic subscribitur Rattray4 Jo: Rattray sic subr Nairn witness sic subr Ja: Rattray witness

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY

Kenneth MacAlpin 848 – 858 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Me SCOTTISH ANCESTRY A BRICK WALL!

 Gilbert Rattray of Gilliebanks – born 1631, married 1665, died 1713

 William Rattray of Balm Blair born c1700  Possibly son of James Rattray & Margaret Miller, born Blair Hall, baptised on the 10th of October 1703 at Moneydie. SCOTTISH ANCESTRY PROPERTY RECORDS

 Retours (1545 – 1964)  When a tenant of the crown died an inquest was held by the sheriff to determine what land was held by the tenant. A retour of the jury’s decision was made to the Chancery.  https://www.genguide.co.uk/source/retours-of-services-of- heirs-scotland-land-amp-property/111/  The Retours of Services of Heirs 1544-1699 Published 1816 by Scottish Genealogical Society.  Available at National Library of Scotland & Edinburgh University Library  National Records of Scotland – Edinburgh, opposite Waverley Station.  Edited by Bruce Durie and republished 2015 £49.99  1544–1699 (mostly in Latin except for 1652–9, but all with English indexes); and 1700–1859 (in English) SCOTTISH ANCESTRY RETOURS

 Dec 9th, 1640 ARCHIBALD STIRLING, heir to Archibald Stirling Burgess of Stirling, his father, - in annual rent 640 Merks of the demesne lands of Menstrie, in the parish of Logie; and of the lands of Westerton of Tillicoutry, under the parish of Tillicoutry: - Extent 512 Merks – annual rent 508 Merks of the aforesaid lands and barony of Menstrie, extending to 20 Pounds [Scots] of land of Old Extent, in the parish of Logie, and of the forms etc. of the said lands and barony of Menstrie – Extent 406 Merks 5s 4d.  1merk = 2/3 Pound Scots  Do not presume that the date of the Retour coincides with the death as the recording could take place many years after the death in the event of some dispute.

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY PROPERTY RECORDS - SASINE

 The Register of Sasines (RS) records transfer of heritable (landed) property from 1617. Before then in Notaries Protocol Books, eg 1528 Aug 31 Sasine to Jonet Napier, on her cognition by William Lander, baillie, as daughter and one of the heirs of the late John Napier, burgess, and sister and one of the heirs of the late John Napier her brother, of her portion, viz. the seventh part of [property described] which Jonet Napier immediately resigned (into) the hands of the baillie, who gave sasine of the same to William Adamson, burgess, and Jonet Napier his spouse.

SCOTTISH ANCESTRY PROPERTY RECORDS Retours and sasines are referenced in genealogical studies such as

Author: Gordon A. MacGregor

SIR GEORGE AUCHINLECK, 2ND OF BALMANNO ……He was retoured heir to Mr John Auchinleck, second son of the deceased Sir John Auchinleck, of that Ilk, styled as son of the brother of his great-great-grandfather on 23 June, 1630

WALTER AYSOUN, 3RD OF FORNOCHT AND ARDONOQUHAY, succeeded his father and had an Instrument of Sasine for the lands of Ardonoquhay in 1456 SCOTTISH ANCESTRY CESS, STENT AND VALUATION ROLLS

 Effectively rates / land tax  The rolls contain lists of land and property owners, tenants and occupiers (head of family only), arranged by address and listed street by street.  The rolls recorded the value of the property in terms of annual rent and the owner's tax liability and rate demand.  The earlier stent rolls did not cover Burghs but only those areas outside their jurisdiction known as the landward areas.  Valuation rolls were used to compile lists of electors and will contain the names of individuals.  1645 – 1831 see Scotlandsplaces  ScotlandsPeople has complete set of valuation rolls for the whole country, 1855-1989. SCOTTISH ANCESTRY CESS, STENT AND VALUATION ROLLS

East Lothian 1802

n.b. 12th century 1 scots pound = 1 pound sterling James III 3 scots pound = 1 pound sterling James VI & I 12 scots pound = 1 pound sterling SCOTTISH ANCESTRY BRICK WALL (DESCENT)

 Thomas Rattray baptised1772 in Moneydie, Perthshire.  Described as a millwright in Glasgow in his father’s will of 1825. (Age ~53)  Not found in 1841 census – he would have been 69  County directory 1825 – Dundee ? 1837 Blacksmith – Perth and vicinity ? 1841 Saw repairer and grocer – Perth and vicinity ?  Nothing in Ancestry extracted parish records for Lanarkshire