Sprava O Stave Zivotneho Prostredia K Roku 2002
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SlovenskS agentura zivotnSho prostredia Centrum environmentilnej regionalizicie Ko§ice SPRAVA O STAVE ZIVOTNEHO PROSTREDIA ko Sick 6ho kraja K ROKU 2002 Sprava o stave zivotneho prostredia Kosickeho kraja k roku 2002 Nazov: Sprava o stave zivotneho prostredia Kosickeho kraja k roku 2002 Vypracoval: SAZP Banska Bystrica, Centrum environmentalnej regionalizacie Kosice Hlavni gestori: RNDr. Peter Proksa, lug. Miriam Rolkova Regionalni gestori RNDr. Blazena Gehinova, Mgr. Jan Dzurdzenik Autorsky kolektfv: Ing. Alena Adamkovicova, RNDr. Juraj Bebej CSc., Ing. Valeria Bockova, Ing. Emilia Bod ’ova, RNDr. Peter Bohns, Mgr. Jana Bracinikova, Ing. Lucia Bysicka, Mgr. Janette Dugasova, Mgr. Jan Dzurdzenik, Mgr. Eubomir Gajdos, Ing. Gerhard Gazarek, Akad.arch. Alexandra Goryczkova, Ing. Marta Hajnikova, Ing. arch. Chocholova, Ing. Alexander Jancarik, RNDr. Iveta Jecmenova, Ing. Radoslava Kanianska CSc., Mgr. Peter Kapusta, Ing. Peter Kliment, Ing. Juliana Knazovicka, Ing. Alena Koval ’ova, Ing. Alexander Kralik, Ing. Miroslav Lacuska CSc. Ing. Eubomir Matecek, Ing. Natalia Palgutova, RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. Miriam Rolkova, Ing. Vladimir Vagasky Graficke podklady a sadzba textu: Ing. Lucia Bysicka, Ing. Julia Hajduova, Marian Merka, Mgr. Jozef Prievoznik, RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. Miriam Rolkova Spolupraca: Institucie uvedene ako zdroje informacii OBSAH 1. ZAKLADNE INFORMACIE O UZEMI... 2. ZLOZKY ZIVOTNEHO PROSTREDIA A ICH OCHRANA.....................................................................10 2.1.1 Emisna situacia..............................................................................................................................................................9 2.1.1.1 Bilancia emisii zakladnych znecist’ujucich latok ................................................................................................. 9 2.1.1.2 Poradie najvyznamnejsich zdrojov znecist’ovania ovzdusia v kraji podl ’a mnozstva emisii...................... 11 2.1.2 Imisna situacia................................. 2.1.2.1 Regionalne znecistenie ovzdusia. 2.1.2.2 Lokalne znecistenie ovzdusia ...... & 2.1.3 Pnzemny ozon. ................................................................................................. 2.1.3.1 Imisne limity, kriticke hodnoty pre ozon ............................................. ;<y 2.1.3.2 Dlhodobe charakteristiky urovne koncentracie priz. ozonu a pocet raffi-oceni limitov v r. 2002............ v cCV 2.2VODA...................................................................................................^>..2.^65................................................... 14 2.2.1 Povrchove vody ............................................................................. ............... .............................................................. 14 2.2.1.1 Zrazkove a odtokove pomery ................................................................................................ 14 2.2.1.2 Uzivanie povrchovych vod ........................................................... ......................................................................... 15 2.2.1.3 Bilancia vodnych zdrojov ........................................ .................£........................................................................ 16 2.2.1.4 Kvalita povrchovych vod .....................................^..r^.....^pT............................................................................ 16 2.2.1.5 V oda na kupame.......................................... ********...... ********........................................................................ 19 2.2.2 Podzemne vody ......................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2.1 Vodne zdroje .......................................................'Sj^.......................................................................................... 19 20 2.2.2.3 Kvalita podzemnych vod ......... ijjfk.................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.3 Odpadove vody ..................... ....................................................................................... 22 2.2.4 Vodovody, kanalizacieanalizacie a cis{MI^ od%Nmvych vod .............................................................................................. 22 2.2.4.1 Vodovody. ....................................................................................... 22 2.2.4.2 Kanalizacie .XT. 23 2.2.5 Pitna voda ...................................................................................................25 2.3 HORNINOVE PRQS|KEDIE.......................................................................................................................................25 2.3.1 Geologicke fakgSp^fr .................................................................................................................................................26 2.4 PODA...,^?...................................................................................................................................................................34 2.4.1 BiWW|#16ch............................................................................................................................................................... 34 2.4.2 Zakladne vlastnosti pod ................................................................................................................................................35 2.4.2.1 Chemicke vlastnosti pod .......................................................................................................................................... 35 2.4.2.2 Fyzikalne v lastno sti pod ............................................................................................................................ 37 2.4.3 Chemicka degradacia ................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.4.4 Fyzikalna degradacia .................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.5 RASTLINSTVO...........................................................................................................................................................40 2.5.1 Zakladna charakteristika rastlinstva na uzemi kraja.............................................................................................. 40 2.5.2 Ohrozenost ’ vol ’ne zijucich rastlin............................................................................................................................ 43 2-*5*3 Druhova och.rana rastlin................................................................................................................................ 4*5 2.6 ZIVOCISSTVO............................................................................................................................................................. 46 2.6.1 Zakladna charakteristika fanny na uzemi kraja....................................................................................................... 46 2.6.2 Druhova ochrana zivocichov .......................................................................................................................................47 2.6.3 Pol ’ovna zver..................................................................................................................................................................48 3. OCHRANA PRIRODY A TVORBA KRAJINY 49 3.1 PRIRODNE DEDICSTVO A JEHO OCHRANA....................................................................................................49 3.1.1 Sucasna sustava legislativne chranenych uzemi.....................................................................................................49 3.1.1.1 Vel’koplosne chranene uzemia................................................................................................................................49 3.1.1.2 Maloplosne chranene uzemia.................................................................................................................................. 50 3.1.1.3 Chranene stromy ........................................................................................................................................................52 3.1.1.4 Chranene nerasty a chranene skameneliny ............................................................................................................53 3.1.2 Lokality medzinarodneho vyznamu .......................................................................................................................... 54 3.1.3 Ohrozenost ’ a degradacia chranenych uzemi a chranenych stromov .................................................................. 55 3.1.4 Starostlivost ’ o chranene uzemia................................................................................................................................55 3.1.5 NATURA 2000............................................................................................................................................................. 57 3.2 UZEMNY SYSTEM EKOLOGICKEJ STABILITY .57 3.3 KULTURNE DEDICSTVO V KRAJINE A JEHO OCHRANA .61 3.3.1 Historicke sldelne struktury ......................................................................................................... # .62 3.3.2 Historicke krajinne struktury .......................................................... .63 3.3.3