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Demand Dynamics the Forces of Demand in Global Sex Trafficking DEMAND DYNAMICS THE FORCES OF DEMAND IN GLOBAL SEX TRAFFICKING CONFERENCE REPORT Conference held October 17 and 18, 2003 Chicago, Illinois, USA Morrison Torrey, General Editor Sara Dubin, Student Reporter Editor Organized by Captive Daughters and the International Human Rights Law Institute of DePaul University College of Law International Human Rights Law Institute In 1990, the International Human Rights Law Institute was es- tablished within DePaul University College of Law in response to sweeping global changes that created new opportunities to advance human rights and strengthen domestic and international legal institu- tions. The Institute is dedicated to developing and promoting interna- tional human rights law and international criminal justice through fieldwork, research, documentation, publications, and advocacy. This publication has been generously underwritten by The Jeanne and Joseph Sullivan Human Rights Program in the Americas. The ideas and opinions of conference participants contained in this re- port are not necessarily those of Captive Daughters or the International Human Rights Law Institute. © 2004 by the International Human Rights Law Institute, DePaul Uni- versity College of Law. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 1-889001-06-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Prefatory Materials Conference Schedule ............................................................ i Conference Organizers.........................................................v Preface................................................................................vii Acknowledgements...............................................................xi Keynote Address: Demand and the Debate, Dorchen A. Leidholdt....................................................1 Panel 1: What do we know about the people who make up the "demand" side of sex traf- ficking?........................................................................17 Panel 2: How do consumers of sex trafficking find their “supply” and how is demand manipulated and maintained? ......................................51 Panel 3: What governmental policies or practices enable the actions of those who create demand? ......................................................................65 Panel 4: What can be done to interfere with and ultimately eliminate demand?......................................91 Plan for Action.........................................................................119 Speaker Biographies ................................................................139 Conference Participants ...........................................................149 Conference Supporters.............................................................157 Postscript .................................................................................159 Bibliography: Demand in Global Sex Trafficking...................161 Conference Schedule Demand Dynamics The Forces of Demand in Global Sex Trafficking Welcome & Introductions Sandra Hunnicutt, Captive Daughters Morrison Torrey, DePaul University College of Law Michelle Dempsey, Conference Moderator Kaethe Morris Hoffer, Conference Spokesperson M. Cherif Bassiouni, IHRLI President Keynote Address Dorchen Leidholdt, Director, Center for Battered Women's Legal Ser- vices, Sanctuary for Families; Co- Director, Coalition Against Trafficking in Women Panel 1: What do we know about the people who make up the "demand" side of sex trafficking? Moderator Kristen Houser, Nebraska Domestic Violence Sexual Assault Coalition Panelists Melissa Farley, Prostitution Research, San Francisco, CA Stephen Grubman-Black, University of Rhode Island Mary Anne Layden, University of Pennsylvania Health Systems Brenda Myers, Chicago Coalition for the Homeless i Panel 2: How do consumers of sex trafficking find their “supply,” and how is demand manipulated and maintained? Moderator Laura Lederer, United States Department of State Panelists Derek Ellerman, Polaris Project Jackson Katz, MVP Strategies Marisa Ugarte, Bilateral Safety Corridor Coalition Panel 3: What governmental policies or practices enable the ac- tions of those who create demand? Moderator Vidyamali Samarasinghe, American University, Washington, DC Panelists Kenneth Franzblau, Equality Now, New York Donna Hughes, University of Rhode Island Film Diane Rosenfeld, Women's Studies, Harvard University, and co- producer of the film Rape Is..., a half-hour documentary exploring the meaning and consequences of rape and discussing the relation- ship between rape, sex trafficking, and prostitution. Panel 4: What can be done to interfere with and ultimately elimi- nate demand? Moderator Normal Hotaling, Standing Against Global Exploitation (SAGE) Panelists Margaret Baldwin, Florida State University Mohamed Mattar, Protection Project, Johns Hopkins University Pamela Shifman, UNICEF ii Plenary Session: Plan for Action Moderators Pamela Shifman, UNICEF Morrison Torrey, DePaul University College of Law Note: Panels 1 and 2 are reversed from their actual presentation, which had been scheduled to accommodate panelists. iii iv Conference Organizers Captive Daughters is the first anti-trafficking group estab- lished in California. We focus solely on ending the sexual bondage of female adolescents and children. The organization was inspired by the founding director's stay in Nepal, where she learned firsthand about sexual trafficking. Upon returning to the United States in 1995, she began researching trafficking and discovered a fragile network of groups struggling to educate the public on trafficking both here and abroad. In an effort to strengthen that movement, she and a committed group of individuals established Captive Daughters as a non-profit or- ganization in 1997. As a founding principle, Captive Daughters holds that the practice of sex trafficking is a direct assault on the basic human rights and lives of female children. While recognizing that sex trafficking is a violation of fundamental human rights that profoundly effects the lives and welfare of both women and children, Captive Daughters has chosen to focus its efforts on combating sex trafficking particularly as it affects girls and adolescent females. Our goal is to bring public attention to and call for the elimination of their forced prostitution. We seek to en- courage national and international attention to sex trafficking by in- forming the general public about the scope and severity of the problem. To accomplish this, we share information via our website, participate in national and international forums and media outreach, collaborate with sister organizations, and encourage the television, film, publishing, and artistic communities to focus on sex-trafficking in their work. Sandra Hunnicut, Captive Daughters 10410 Palms Blvd., Box 22 Los Angeles, CA 90034 v The International Human Rights Law Institute of DePaul University College of Law was established in 1990 within the College of Law at DePaul University in response to sweeping global changes that created new opportunities to advance human rights and strengthen domestic and international legal institutions. The Institute is dedicated to developing and promoting international human rights law and inter- national criminal justice through fieldwork, research, documentation, publications, advocacy, and technical legal assistance to governments and non-governmental organizations. It also trains new generations of human rights advocates. In 1998, the Institute initiated a project on worldwide traffick- ing in women and children for purposes of exploitation. Based upon this initial work, the Institute then joined with the Inter-American Commission on Women, the Inter- American Commission on Children, and the Organization of American States (along with other collabora- tors) to conduct the first regional empirical study of this problem in the Americas. Field research was conducted in eight countries in Central America, the Caribbean, and in Brazil. The results of this study were published at the end of 2002 and in early 2003. International Human Rights Law Institute DePaul University College of Law 25 East Jackson Blvd., Chicago, IL 60604 vi Preface The seed for “Demand Dynamics” was planted in 2002, as we prepared to write Captive Daughters’ year-end letter to our supporters. As usual, the letter covered our accomplishments during the past year and our goals for the coming year. During a discussion of ideas for pro- jects in 2003, I suggested convening a fall conference on trafficking in Chicago, where I once lived. The Captive Daughters Board said it sounded like a good idea. For an all-volunteer group, it would be a huge undertaking; it would be great if we pulled it off, but no one would fault us if it proved too much. Our letter went out in November, and I pretty much let the idea go. Then, in December of 2002, I attended “Protecting Our Chil- dren,” a conference hosted by the Office of Juvenile Justice & Delin- quency Prevention. At the end of the conference, I overheard people saying, “but they didn’t really talk about demand! When are we going to hear more about demand?” Two months later, I attended a State De- partment conference, “Pathbreaking Strategies in the Global Fight against Sex Trafficking,” which included a 90-minute workshop on demand for a specific group of attendees. Again, I heard people com- plaining: “we need to have more time for demand than a workshop.” At that moment, I knew we had our conference topic. Many people came forward to help craft the conference out- line:
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