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The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs 06/08/2020 The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs www.m ind.org.hk The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong Research Report June 2020 1 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YE0ULzbOwvjkGKGSZlEvd_8txF6d0EThuMwkL5Eolcw/edit 1/27 06/08/2020 The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs www.m ind.org.hk Table of Contents Mental Health on the Global Agenda 3 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being 4 SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals 4 Mental Health in Hong Kong 5 Demographics 5 Workplace 6 Increase In Youth Diagnosed with Mental Health Problems 7 Recent Government Initiatives 8 Upcoming Government Mental Health Objectives 9 Hong Kong’s Mental Health Budget for 2019-2020 10 Public Health Service Availability/Accessibility 11 Shortage of Professional Help 11 Stigma and Lack of Understanding of Mental Health 14 Mental Health Interventions 15 Summary of resources available (non-profit, private) 15 Appendix 16 References 23 About Mind HK 24 2 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YE0ULzbOwvjkGKGSZlEvd_8txF6d0EThuMwkL5Eolcw/edit 2/27 06/08/2020 The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs www.m ind.org.hk Mental Health on the Global Agenda The World Health Organisation defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” In Hong Kong and globally, mental health remains largely misunderstood and not equated (in both prevention and treatment) to physical illness. Over the past five years, there has been an increase in mental health programmes, from capacity building to awareness campaigns, in both developed and developing countries, with the US, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand leading the way. The recent growth in attention towards mental health is in part due to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Implemented in 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on mental health are telling of how world leaders recognize the need to promote mental health and well-being and remove the gaps in preventative and treatment programmes between physical health and mental health problems. The below SDGs target s are implementable high-level strategy targets for stakeholders, including Mind HK, in the mental health sector city-wide: 1 SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages 3.4. By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. 3.5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol. 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks. 2 SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development A 2016 comparative study by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) assessed 15 countries across the Asia-Pacific about how well each country treats those living with 1 United Nations A/RES/70/1 - Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E 2 United Nations A/RES/70/1 - Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E 3 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YE0ULzbOwvjkGKGSZlEvd_8txF6d0EThuMwkL5Eolcw/edit 3/27 06/08/2020 The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs www.m ind.org.hk mental illnesses outside of institutions, and how well their integration back into society is supported. Hong Kong ranked seventh with an aggregated score of 65.8 on the Mental Health Integration Index, based on four categories: i) Environment, ii) Access, iii) Opportunities, and iv) Governance. These categories serve as useful indicators reflecting the key issues Mind HK is facing, namely the categories of Access (for people with mental health problems to obtain medical help and services), and Governance (efforts to reduce 3 stigma and promote awareness and the human rights of mental health service users). These two categories are reflected in existing research and in the three primary issues Mind HK has been working to improve since its inception: 1) Shortage of mental health services 2) Lack of understanding of mental health 3) The stigma around mental health Mental Health in Hong Kong Demographics An estimated one-in-seven people in Hong Kong will experience a common mental 4 disorder at any given time. Of those experiencing a mental health disorder, three-quarters 5 will not seek professional help. Many will continue to suffer in isolation as a result of stigma, feelings of shame, lack of awareness about their condition, and a shortage of accessible professional support. Further statistics show that many environmental, personal and social stressors also contribute to mental health problems. Suicide statistics between 1981 and 2018 show a peak in suicide rates between 2001-2004, particularly amongst individuals aged 65 and above (See Figure A and B in Appendix). Since then, suicide rates have stabilised, with the latest official statistic released for 2018 indicating a suicide rate of 12.2 per 100,000 individuals. Individuals aged 65 and 3 The Economist Intelligence Unit. Mental health and integration. Provision for supporting people with mental illness: A comparison of 15 Asia Pacific countries. Retrieved from https://eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/Mental_health_and_integration.pdf?utm_medium=so cial&utm_source=linkedin.company&utm_campaign=postfity&utm_content=postfityf78f1 4 Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (2017, March). Mental Health Review Report. Retrieved from https://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/press_and_publications/otherinfo/180500_mhr/e_mhr_full_report.pdf 5 Lam LC, Wong CS, Wang MJ, et al. (2015, Feb 8). Prevalence, psychosocial correlates and service utilisation of depressive and anxiety disorders in Hong Kong: the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. Published online first: 2015 Feb 8. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1014-5. 4 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YE0ULzbOwvjkGKGSZlEvd_8txF6d0EThuMwkL5Eolcw/edit 4/27 06/08/2020 The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs www.m ind.org.hk 6 above remain more at-risk for suicide compared to other age groups. However, youth 7 suicide rates (aged 10-19) in Hong Kong more than doubled between 2014 and 2017 , and 8 40% of students in Form 1 (Year 7) continue to be at risk of committing suicide. According to Mind HK’s research in September 2019, 61% of individuals in Hong Kong 9 currently have poor mental well-being. According to the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey 2010-2013, the most common disorders among Chinese adults between the ages of 16 and 75 were mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (6.9%), followed by generalised anxiety disorder (4.2%), depressive episode (2.9%), and other anxiety disorders including panic disorders, phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder (1.5%; See Figure C in 10 Appendix). A 2014 survey also suggested that 4.8% of the general public aged between 18 11 and 64 could be classified as having severe non-specific psychological distress. Workplace Workplace stress is a likely contributor to poor mental health for individuals in the 12 workforce. In 2014, 60% of Hong Kongers reported job-related stress and anxiety. By 2017, 32% of working people in Hong Kong were classed as having unsatisfactory mental health – 13 up from 29% in 2016. Hong Kong is found to have one of the longest working hours in the world, with the 2018 AIA Vitality Healthiest Workplace survey reporting that 46% of Hong Kong employees worked more than 50 hours per week. T his survey, which assessed the health and wellbeing 6 HKJC Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, HKU. (2020). Statistics. Retrieved from https://csrp.hku.hk/statistics/ 7McCarthy, S. (2018, Dec 29). Is anyone listening? Hong Kong educators and counsellors call for more attention to rising student suicide rates. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2179694/anyone-listening-hong-kong-e ducators-and 8Yau, C. (2017, May 16). One in three primary school students in Hong Kong at risk of suicide. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/2094561/one-three-primary-school-s tudents-hong-kong-risk 9 Mind HK. (2019, Oct 10). PRESS RELEASE: World Mental Health Day #HowOkayAreYouCampaign. Retrieved from https://www.mind.org.hk/press-releases/wmhd2019/https://www.mind.org.hk/press-releases/wmhd2019/ 10 Lam LC, Wong CS, Wang MJ, et al. (2015, Feb 8). Prevalence, psychosocial correlates and service utilisation of depressive and anxiety disorders in Hong Kong: the Hong Kong Mental Morbidity Survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1014-5. 11 Department of Health (2015). Behavioural Risk Factor Survey (April 2014). Hong Kong: Department of Health. Retrieved from https://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/press_and_publications/otherinfo/180500_mhr/e_mhr_full_report.pdf 12 Lindeman, J. (2017, Nov 3). Out of the shadows: Making mental health a priority for Hong Kong employers P acific Prime h ttps://www.pacificprime.com/blog/mental-health-hong-kong.html 13 Moon, L. (2017, Oct 14). Is your workplace toxic? Mental health of many Hongkongers on the brink due to long hours and overbearing bosses, experts warn. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/2115293/your-workplace-toxic-mental-h ealth-many 5 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YE0ULzbOwvjkGKGSZlEvd_8txF6d0EThuMwkL5Eolcw/edit 5/27 06/08/2020 The Landscape of Mental Health in Hong Kong: Report (June 2020) - Google Docs www.m ind.org.hk of over 26,000 employees in the Asia-Pacific region, found that despite long working hours, Hong Kong scored the largest average amount of productive time lost per year amounted to 77.4 days.
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