Contributions to the Study of Gall-Wasp Occurrence in Eucalyptus Woodlots in South Brazil

2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

Contributions to the study of gall-wasp occurrence in Eucalyptus woodlots in South Brazil

ROESCH, F. 1; FEUERBORN, M.1; KOEHLER, A.2; RAUBER, M.2 FARIAS, J. 3 ; WELTER, C. A. 3; TEIXEIRA, D. S. 3 (1) Japan Tobacco International (JTI) (2) Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC) (3) Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Tobacco production in South Brazil

Source: Sinditabaco 2017 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

© Copyright JTI Green represents cities that grow tobacco 2 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Firewood from Eucalyptus trees is the main source of energy for FCV tobacco curing in South Brazil 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

• Compliance with Environmental regulation in Brazil • Industry efforts for a sustainable supply of firewood from renewable sources • Main species are E. dunni, E. saligna and E. grandis • Forestry technical assistance to improve woodlot productivity and efficient consumption © Copyright JTI 3 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Occurrence of gall-wasp in Eucalyptus woodlots in South Brazil 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

Share information of the gall-wasp in the Eucalyptus woodlots • Distribution • Biological and life cycle • Symptoms and damage Bring attention to the potential risks of this insect-pest to woodlot yield and to the medium and long term supply of wood from Eucalyptus © Copyright JTI 4 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The gall-wasp Leptocybe invasa

What is it? 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

A gall inducing wasp species currently spreading in many countries and causing damage to Eucalyptus plantations and nurseries

Taxonomy: • Phylum: Arthropoda • Class: Insecta • Order: Hymenoptera • Family: Eulophidae • Genus: Leptocybe • Species: L. invasa . Adult size is 1.0 to 1.4mm

. The body is brownish in color with a blue to green metallic shine. Fore coxae are yellow; mid and hind coxae are brown. The scape of the antennae is yellow, with the rest of the segments brown.

Biology and life cycle 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf . From egg to adult, it takes around 50 to 140 days, depending on the region . Females can lay 80 to 100 eggs, with 2 to 3 generations per year . The longevity of the adult is 3 to 7 days 1. The adult wasp lays eggs inside tender leaves, petiole and in the parenchyma of twigs 2. After hatching, the larvae remain in a cavity formed within the plant tissues and feed on the plant sap, resulting in the formation of galls 3. Following larvae development, adults then emerge leaving round exit holes

Oviposition signs on leaf petiole Young gall on eucalypt leaf petiole Emergence holes © Copyright JTI 6 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The gall-wasp Leptocybe invasa

Symptoms and damage 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

L. invasa causes bump-shaped galls on the midrib, petioles and stems of young eucalypt trees, young coppice and seedlings. The leaves of intensively growing trees may carry over 50 galls per leaf.

Severely affected trees show leaf fall, gnarled appearance, loss of vigor, stunted growth, dieback and eventually tree death. © Copyright JTI 7 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The gall-wasp Leptocybe invasa

Distribution 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf In the world

In Brazil

Since then, Partnerships with March 2014 specialists and University of Santa Cruz presence of the wasp (UNISC) and University observed in all January 2014 of Santa Maria (UFSM) eucalyptus woodlots in insect pest observed in a were established to ADET, with symptoms trial with 11 different study gall-wasp either at initial and or species of Eucalyptus development and impact advanced stages on Eucalyptus wood production

Symptoms of the damage of the insect are observed in eucalyptus woodlots in the neighboring farms/areas to ADET, in young Eucalyptus trees and/or older than 5 years, which might contribute to the spread of the wasp. © Copyright JTI 9 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2017_AP04_Roesch.pdf

Evaluation of the gall-wasp development

• Cicle length relates to climate and temperature • Behavioral aspects and development of the pest need • Gall development on petiole or leaf depends on to be understood to develop management strategies the species • Potential measures to prevent and control • Observation of potential natural enemies • Systemic products are not effective in field

Evaluation of the effect of gall-wasp on Eucalyptus growth

• Species susceptibility/tolerance • Variation between species • Quantified impact on productivity can only be • Severity of damage and impact on productivity confirmed by the end of Eucalyptus cycle (7 years)

• Reduced woodlot yield potential, compromised • Collaborative and pioneering research focused supply of firewood on small scale Eucalyptus production • Plants attacked are more susceptible to other • Sharing of applicable knowledge to small scale pest and disease tobacco farming worldwide, wherever • Source of Eucalyptus seedlings – quality Eucalyptus wood is used as a source of energy • New pest, fast spreading • IPM development • No effective control measures in field • Biological control opportunities • Hinder potential use of alternative Eucalyptus • Identification and selection of less susceptible species with high calorific power for tobacco Eucalyptus species curing • National research efforts focused on large, commercial Eucalyptus production

Thank you

13 AP2017 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA