Vol 3 | Spring 2019
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JOURney vol 3 | Spring 2019 Letter From the Editor Dear Reader, We are excited to present to you the third annual volume of JOURney, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s first interdisciplinary Journal of Undergraduate Research! JOURney started as an idea of founder Gabi Stein, to create a journal that would showcase the outstanding, diverse range of student research done by UNC-Chapel Hill undergraduates. With the support of the Office of Undergraduate Research, JOURney became an official publication, providing students a place to publish SURF projects, partial and full honors theses, and independent research. This year, JOURney has continued to expand, gaining many successes along the way with the launch of a redesigned website and receival of the most-ever number of submissions. With all the excellent work submitted, we are able to exhibit 16 original pieces of work here that explore interesting, topical, and complex areas of research. We congratulate the student authors on all of their efforts put into researching and publishing their work! We are so thankful of everyone who has helped JOURney continue to meet its mission of celebrating and supporting the research conducted early in students’ academic careers. We would like to thank the Office for Undergraduate Research, which has provided JOURney unwavering support since its inception. Specifically, we would like to thank Associate Dean and Director Troy Blackburn (Department of Exercise and Sports Science), Associate Director Monica Richard, Associate Director Boots Quimby, and Business Services Coordinator Denise Carter. We would also like to thank our entire editorial board and publicity team, who have spent many dedicated hours making this edition. As the current Co-Editor-In-Chiefs, we have enjoyed helping JOURney expand as an organization. We look forward to continue watching it grow in the hands of incoming Co-Editor-In-Chiefs, Mili Dave (’21) and Harrison Jacobs (’20). We leave you here to explore the work presented in this journal. We hope you will enjoy the knowledge collectively presented to you by students of UNC-Chapel Hill. Sincerely, April Wang Zoe Hazerjian 2018-2019 JOURney Co-Editor-in-Chiefs Table of Contents Social Sciences Neighborhood Disadvantage and Mental Health 8 Outcomes in African-Americans by Brianna Baker Through Universal Health Coverage: International Migrant-Sensitive Policies in a Globalizing World 11 by Danica Dy The Trauma and Triumph of Bengali Women in the 1947 16 Partition by Hannah Feinsilber Effects of Restraint Stress and Predator Odor Exposure on Anxiety and Alcohol Self-Administration in 20 Male Rats by Abigail Garcia-Baza Memorials Matter: On the Role of Memorials in Manipulating Space to Create Places of Racial 25 Reckoning by Aisling Henihan, Melanie Langness A Hurricane and an Oil Spill: Evaluating the Mortgage 35 Market of the Early 2000s and the Student Loan Market of Today by Sean Nguyen, Kate Karstens It’s Her Turn(Out): How Latinas Influence Political 41 Participation in the Latinx Community by Tana Stamper Humanities It’s the Gift That Counts: 51 An Analysis of Gift-Giving in Mendicant Missions to the Mongols by Catherine Blake-Harris Comparing Feminist Approaches to Gender in the 60 Black Lives Matter Movement by Jess Casimir, Sophia Hutchens, Chelsey Radford Women’s Liberation in China: Necessity or 69 Afterthought? by Linda H. Cheng Detecting Orientalist Representations of India in The 74 Indian Detective by Marsela Hughes The In-Between State: A Critical Examination of 81 Recaptured Slaves in Liberia by Jacob Koehler Loud Money: a Mural Shouting Students’ Concerns 90 by Paige Watts Natural Sciences Changes in Nutrition Environment Predict Changes in 99 Child Diet Quality in Family Child Care Homes by Mikayla Bowen Characterization of Retinal Blood Angiogenesis 110 Phenotype of the Adrenomedullin Signaling Axis by Danica Dy Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha Upregulated during 116 Sepsis, Involved in Inflammation by Emily Reichert Purification of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins for the 122 Generation of a Standard Used to Quantify Proteins Comprising a DNA/Protein Complex by Charlotte Smith Staff: Co-Editor-in-Chief: Section Editors: Zoe Hazerjian Natural Sciences April Wang Jed Higdon Harrison Jacobs Publicity Committee: Ashi Gulati Humanities Harrison Jacobs Jennifer Lao Nikhar Patel Aisling Henihan Layout Editor: Social Sciences Meghana Ganapathiraju Mili Dave Social Sciences 8-10 25-34 Neighborhood Memorials Matter: On Disadvantage and Mental the Role of Memorials in Health Outcomes in Manipulating Space to Create African-Americans Places of Racial Reckoning by Brianna Baker by Aisling Henihan, Melanie Langness 11-15 Through Universal Health 35-40 Coverage: International A Hurricane and an Oil Migrant-Sensitive Policies in Spill: Evaluating the Mortgage a Globalizing World Market of the Early 2000s and by Danica Dy the Student Loan Market of Today 16-19 by Sean Nguyen, Kate The Trauma and Triumph Karstens of Bengali Women in the 1947 Partition 41-49 It’s Her Turn(Out): How by Hannah Feinsilber Latinas Influence Political 20-24 Participation in the Latinx Effects of Restraint Stress Community by Tana Stamper and Predator Odor Exposure on Anxiety and Alcohol Self- Administration in Male Rats by Abigail Garcia-Baza UNC JOURney | 8 Neighborhood Disadvantage and Mental Health Outcomes in African-Americans by Brianna Baker This research article studies the effect of neighborhood quality and neighborhood disadvantage on the psychological wellness of African-American populations. More specifically, it evaluates the idea that cumulative stress over the life course can lead to negative health outcomes. This article will first define neighborhood disorder and neighborhood disadvantage for the purpose of this comprehensive review. It will then provide a thorough background on the associations between neighborhood disadvantage/ disorder and health, in order to understand the underlying mechanisms as to why these relationships exist. Finally, the paper will conclude with a discussion of the evidence presented and further provide directions and implications of neighborhood disadvantage on African-American populations. Introduction level of neighborhood disorder (Hill et al., 2005). It is important to note that neighborhood disorder can be both objectively and esearch suggests that neighborhood disadvantage and subjectively evaluated. Researchers use self-reported measures other place-based contextual factors are associated with of neighborhood disorder to get a feel for the perceived social a myriad of psychological and physiological illnesses. disorder. Perception of a variable often offers insight into the African-AmericansR are overrepresented in disadvantaged neigh- cognitive processes of participants. Standardized indexes of borhoods, thus allowing neighborhood disadvantage to serve as neighborhood disorder are also used to assess neighborhood a potential pathway to a multitude of negative physical, mental, disorder. These indexes use counts of the individual components and social outcomes and patterns associated with this population which constitute physical and social neighborhood disorder to (Hastings & Snowden, 2018). More specifically, multiple studies provide an objective measure (Aneshensel, Phelan, & Bierman, have linked neighborhood disadvantage with depressive symp- 2013 p. 482; Clark et al., 2013; Cutrona et al., 2005). toms and general psychological distress in African-Americans (Hill, Ross & Angel, 2005; Ross, 2000). This paper will explore the Disadvantage onset of depressive symptoms in African-American populations Similar to neighborhood disorder, neighborhood disadvantage as they correspond to neighborhood disadvantage. It will look at is another area-based measure used to evaluate the social neighborhood disadvantage as a predictor of and contributor to conditions of a neighborhood. Neighborhood disadvantage tends depressive symptoms through various mechanisms. to be captured more objectively through the use of deprivation Neighborhood Disorder and Disadvantage indexes. Neighborhood disadvantage is characterized by the presence of human, social and fiscal capital that exists within the Disorder region of study. Human capital refers to the skills of any individual. More specifically, human capital measures the abilities and skills Neighborhood order and disorder are measured both acquired through an investment in education and training that physically and socially (Ross & Mirowsky, 2001). Physical has the ability to enhance potential income and status. This may characteristics of a disorderly neighborhood may include the be measured by the percentage of the population aged 25 and presence of trash, cigarettes, and graffiti. It could also potentially older with at least a high school education, the percent of persons include physical decay such as deterioration and abandonment in a neighborhood employed in white-collar occupations, or of buildings. Social disorder refers to the disorderly conduct of unemployment rates. The connections that exist between people people. This can include loitering, alcohol and intoxication, drug and their shared values and culture is referred to as social capital. use and distribution, political strife, fighting, and interpersonal High indexes of social capital are equated to increased support and crime. The higher the presence of these factors, the higher the 9 | UNC JOURney mutually beneficial social cooperation. Social capital measures be the most detrimental