Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness Common Name Version

Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness

Common Name Version

A Photographic Guide

Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes

Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District

New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes:

A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness

More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat® format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are © 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved.

In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-':

COMMON NAME According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). (Scientific Name) According to JM2 and eFlora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html). Origin & Longevity Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Family Name Common family name according to JM2, (Bloom date range) Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. ID Characteristics Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Additional notes Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.).

Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1

BRACKEN FERN (Pteridium aquilinum var. CALIFORNIA MAIDENHAIR (Adiantum jordanii) COFFEE FERN (Pellaea andromedifolia) Native GOLDENBACK FERN (Pentagramma triangularis pubescens) Native Perennial - Bracken Family - - Native Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Shaded Perennial - Brake Fern Family - - - Generally subsp. triangularis) Native Perennial - Brake Fern - Pastures, woodland, meadows, hillsides, partial hillsides, moist woodland - Leaves 8-28" long rocky or dry areas - Fronds 6-30" long, stem light Family - - - Gen shaded, sometimes rocky or to full sun - Leaf blades widely-triangular, gen with many rounded symmetrical segments, each brown. Leaf segments blunt, 0.24-0.6" long, wooded areas - Leaves triangular, 1.2-4" long, 0.5-5' long, gen 3x divided, hairy underneath. with < 4 irregular lobes. Cultivated. Sudden Oak 0.12-0.4" wide. undersides either granular green or powdery Death carrier. gold. Revision: 3/2/2014 Fern-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2

COMMON HORSETAIL (Equisetum arvense) SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH (Equisetum POLYPODY FERN (Polypodium calirhiza) Native COASTAL WOOD FERN (Dryopteris arguta) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - - - laevigatum) Native Perennial - Horsetail Family - Perennial - Polypody Family - - - On plants, rocky Native Perennial - Wood Fern Family - - - Locally Streambanks, wet meadows, springs, other wet, - - Moist, sandy or gravelly areas - Stems 1 kind cliffs or outcrops, roadcuts, often granitic or common. Open, wooded slopes, caves - Leaf shaded places - Sterile stems 4-24" tall, 6-14 only, 12-71" tall, unbranched. Sheath w/dark volcanic, rarely dunes - Leaf blades 4-8" long, 12-24” long,5-12” wide, divided 1-2 times. sheath teeth. Fertile stems 4-13" tall, 6-10 sheath band only at the top. often widest above base, deeply lobed. Segments generally with spine-tipped teeth. teeth.

FLOWERING-QUILLWORT (Triglochin scilloides) NARROW-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha DUNE BENT GRASS (Agrostis pallens) Native SILVER HAIR GRASS (Aira caryophyllea) Native Annual - Arrow-grass Family - (Mar–Oct) - angustifolia) Native Perennial - Cattail Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Vernal pools, streams, ponds, lake margins - (May–Aug) - Nutrient-rich freshwater to brackish Open meadows, woodland, forest, subalpine - Sandy soils, open or disturbed sites - Flower Emergent aquatic. Leaves 2-8", 0.04-0.2" wide, marshes, wet disturbed places - Plant 4.9-9.8' Lower leaf blades <= 0.2" wide, flat to inrolled. cluster > 0.6" wide, diffuse with long slender round to elliptic x-section. Flower cluster 6-20 cm tall. Leaves gen < 0.4" wide. Flower cluster gap > Flower cluster 2-8" long, < 0.8" wide; narrow and branches. Spikelets about 0.1" long with 2 long. 0.4". arching when young. extended awns. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3

SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) WILD OAT (Avena fatua) Naturalized Annual - CALIFORNIA BROME (Bromus carinatus var. RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed sites - carinatus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Open, gen Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets Plants 1-5' tall. Spikelets 0.7-1.3" long. Low awn (Apr–Aug) - Coastal prairies, openings in disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" 0.8-1.2" long. Awns 0.8-1.8" long. Lemma tip 1-1.6" long. Lemma tip bristles < 0.04" long. chaparral, plains, open oak and pine woodland long. Lemma body 0.8-1.2" long, awn > 1.2" long. bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. -Plant 20-40” tall. Flower cluster 6-16” long. Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. INVASIVE weed. Spikelet 0.8-1.6” long. Lemma 0.5-0.8” long, INVASIVE weed. hairy, awn 0.3-0.6” long.

SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. SWAMP PRICKLE GRASS (Crypsis Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - Fields, madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - schoenoides) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family disturbed areas - Plant 4-26” tall. Leaf hairy. (Apr–Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant - (Jun–Oct) - Wet places - Plant mat-like. Stem Flower cluster 1-5” long, dense, some stalks > 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches 2-30” long. Leaf blade 1-4” long. Flower cluster spikelet. Spikelet 0.5-0.9”. Lemma 0.26-0.4”, awn cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. 0.1-3” long, 0.2-0.6” wide. Spikelet ~0.1” long. 0.16-0.4”. INVASIVE weed. stalk. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4

BRISTLY DOGTAIL GRASS (Cynosurus ORCHARD GRASS (Dactylis glomerata) BARNYARD GRASS (Echinochloa crus-galli) MEDUSA HEAD (Elymus caput-medusae) echinatus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Jun–Oct) - Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jul) - (May–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Tufted. Stem (May–Aug) - Disturbed, often moist sites - Stems Gen wet, disturbed sites, fields, roadsides - Stem Disturbed areas - Stem 8-28” long. Leaf blade 4-28” long. Leaf blade 0.1-0.6” wide. Flower 2-5, 12-79”+ tall. Leaf blade 0.12-0.24” wide. 12-39" long. Leaf blades to 25" long, 0.2-1.2" 0.04-0.12” wide, inrolled. Flower cluster tight, cluster 0.4-1.6” long, 1-sided. Fertile and sterile Flower cluster 1.6-8” long. Spikelets crowded on wide. Spikelet 0.1-0.16" long, floret ~0.14" long, 1 dense. Glumes awn-like. Lower lemma's awn spikelets. INVASIVE weed. 1 side. Lemmas short-awned at tip. INVASIVE per node. Awns 0-2” long on same plant. 1.2-4” long. NOXIOUS weed. weed.

WESTERN WILD-RYE (Elymus glaucus subsp. BIG SQUIRRELTAIL (Elymus multisetus) Native BEARDLESS WILD RYE (Elymus triticoides) BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) glaucus) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Open, Native Perennial - Grass Family - ( Jun–Jul) - Dry Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May–Jun) - (Jun–Aug) - Open areas, chaparral, woodland, sandy to rocky areas - Tufted. Stem 6-24" tall. to moist, often saline, meadows - Plant 18-50” Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage forest - Tufted. Stem 12-55" tall. Leaf 0.2-0.5" Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spikelet 0.4-0.6" long. tall, from rhizomes. Flower cluster 2-8” long. scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, wide, flat. Spikelets0.3-0.6" long, 2-4 per node. Glume divisions needle-shaped, lemma awn 1-4" Spikelets generally 2/node. Lemmas 3-7, 0.2-0.5” dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet 0.2-0.4" Lemma awn 0.4-1.2" long. long. long, awn to 0.12” long. long, awn 0.1-0.3" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5

HAIRY FESCUE (Festuca microstachys) Native RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized CALIFORNIA BARLEY (Hordeum FOXTAIL BARLEY (Hordeum jubatum subsp. Annual - Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed, Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Sep) - Dry to brachyantherum subsp. californicum) Native jubatum) Native Annual-Perennial - Grass Family open, gen sandy soils - Stem 6-29". Spikelet moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, - (May–Jul) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, 0.2-0.4" long, awn 0.1-0.5" long. Glumes & 20-40" tall. Spikelet 0.2-0.9" long, > glume, pastures, streambanks - Stem 8-37" tall, gen meadows, marshes - Stem 8-32", densely tufted. lemma smooth or hairy. awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. slender. Leaf sheaths gen densly hairy, blade <= Leaf blades to 6" long. Central lemma awn 1-3.5" INVASIVE weed. 4.5" long. Lemma awn < 0.3" long. long.

MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. JUNE GRASS (Koeleria macrantha) Native GOLDENTOP (Lamarckia aurea) Naturalized subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jul) - Dry, open Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–May) - Open Grass Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry to moist, (Feb–May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common sites, clay to rocky soils, shrubland, woodland, ground, moist seeps, rocky hillsides, sandy soil - disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" conifer forest - Stem 8-32" long. Flower cluster Stem 2.8-16" long. Flower cluster golden-yellow long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE condensed, shiny, branches short-hairy. Spikelet to purple, dense, 1-sided, 0.8-3.1" long. Fertile 0.25-0.7" long. INVASIVE weed. weed. ~0.2" long, no awns. flower awns ~0.25" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6

CALIFORNIA MELIC (Melica californica) Native TORREY'S MELIC (Melica torreyana) Native DALLIS GRASS (Paspalum dilatatum) ANNUAL BLUE GRASS (Poa annua) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Apr–May) - Open or Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - Annual - Grass Family - (Feb–Sep) - Abundant. rocky hillsides, oak woodland, conifer forest - conifer forest - Stem 12-40" tall. Leaf blade (May–Nov) - Disturbed areas - Tufted, weedy. Disturbed moist ground - Plant 1-8” tall. Leaf Stem 16-55". Leaf 0.06-0.2" wide. Spiklet 0.2-0.6" 0.04-0.1" wide. Spikelet 0.14-0.28" long w/1-2 Stem 1.6-5.7' tall. Leaves to 14" long. Flowering blade 0.04-0.12” wide, soft. Flower cluster 0.4-4” long, w/3-7 fertile florets; sterile tip widest above florets; sterile tip widest above middle to 0.06", stem w/3-6 branches. Spikelet groups 2-7, each long, triangular. Lemmas 0.1-0.16” long. middle, tip squared. short-hairy lemmas. 0.6-4.7" long. Spikelets ~0.14", paired.

ONE-SIDED BLUE GRASS (Poa secunda subsp. DITCH BEARD GRASS (Polypogon interruptus) RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon WATER BEARD GRASS (Polypogon viridis) secunda) Native Perennial - Grass Family - Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (May–Jun) (Mar–Aug) - Common. Dry slopes to (May–Aug) - Common. Streambanks - Stem Family - (Apr–Aug) - Moist places, along streams - Common. Disturbed areas, wet areas, ponds, saline/alkaline meadows to alpine - Plant 6-40” 20-35" tall, clumped. Leaf 0.2-7.7" long, - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, 0.16-0.24" wide. streambanks -Stem 4-40” long, trails. Leaf blades tall, densely tufted. Flower clusters congested. 0.12-0.24" wide. Flower cluster 0.6-7" long. Flower cluster 0.4-6.7" long, plume-like. Glume flat, 0.08-0.4” wide. Spikelet ~ 0.1” long, no awn, Spikelets gen 0.3-0.4” long. Lemmas 0.16-0.2” Glume < 0.1" long, awn < 0.12" long. awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE. whorled clusters. long, backs rounded. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 7

NODDING NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa cernua) FOOTHILL NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa lepida) SMILO GRASS (Stipa miliacea var. miliacea) PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa pulchra) Native Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Feb–Jul) - Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Sep) Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar–Jun) - Oak Grassland, chaparral, juniper woodland - Stem slopes, chaparral, grassland, savanna, coastal - Salt marshes, streambanks, chaparral, open woodland, chaparral, grassland - Stem 14-39" 12-39". Glumes: lower 0.47-0.87" long, upper scrub - Stem 14-39" tall. Leaf blade 4.7-9.1" long, woodland, disturbed - Stems green, large tufts, long. Leaf blade 4-8" long. Glumes 0.5-0.8" long, ~0.14" shorter. Awns 2-4" long, wavy last narrow. Glumes 0.2-0.6" long. Awn 0.8-2" long. sheaths lt. Inflor arching. INVASIVE weed. ~equal. Awn 1.6-4" long, last segment straight. segment.

BALTIC RUSH (Juncus balticus subsp. ater) SPREADING RUSH (Juncus patens) Native IRIS-LEAVED RUSH (Juncus xiphioides) Native SANTA BARBARA SEDGE (Carex barbarae) - Native Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Nov) - Perennial - Rush Family - (Jun–Oct) - Marshy Perennial - Rush Family - (Jul–Oct) - Wet places Native Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Aug) - Moist to ± dry sites - Stem 14-43" tall, round, not places, creeks, seeps - Plant 12-41" tall, densely - Plant 16-32" tall. Leaf blades 0.2-0.5" wide, flat, Seasonally wet places - Stem 6-36” tall, base twisted. No leaf blade. Flowers generally 0.1-0.2" tufted. Stems blue-gray-green & distinctly Iris-like. Heads many, few-flowered. Anthers 6, < brown to purple. Lowest flower cluster “leaves” < long. grooved when fresh. Stamens 6. filaments, flowers self-pollinating. 4” long. Spikelets brown, 1-3” long, 0.2-0.3” wide. Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 8

TORRENT SEDGE (Carex nudata) Native TALL NUTSEDGE (Cyperus eragrostis) Native COMMON SPIKERUSH (Eleocharis GRAND HOUND'S TONGUE (Cynoglossum Perennial - Sedge Family - (Apr–Jul) - Rocky or Perennial - Sedge Family - (May–Nov) - Vernal macrostachya) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - grande) Native Perennial - Borage Family - sandy streambeds below high-water mark - Stem pools, streambanks - Leaves basal. Flower (Spring–summer) - Common. Fresh to brackish (Feb–May) - Chaparral, woodland - Stem 1-3'. 12-28” long, in large, raised, dense clumps. Side cluster bracts 4-8. Spikelets 0.2-0.8" long, wetland - Stem 8-39" tall, 0.06-0.1" wide. Spikelet Leaf stalk 3-6". Leaf blade 3-6" cm long, broadly spikelets 0.6-2.4” long. Fruit green, oblong, in heads to 1.6" wide. Seeds 0.2-1.6" long, 0.08-0.2" wide, style 2-branched. oval. Flowers bright blue w/inner white teeth. purple-sploched on upper 2/3. short-stalked.

BABY BLUE-EYES (Nemophila menziesii var. BREWER PHACELIA (Phacelia breweri) Native CALIFORNIA PHACELIA (Phacelia californica) FIESTA FLOWER (Pholistoma auritum var. menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - Perennial - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - Rocky Native Perennial - Borage Family - (Mar–Sep) - auritum) Native Annual - Borage Family - (Feb–May) - Meadows, grassland, chaparral, soils, slopes, chaparral, oak woodland - Plant Bluffs, open slopes, road cuts, chaparral, (Mar–Jun) - Ocean bluffs, talus slopes, woodland, woodland, slopes - Plant 4-12". Lower leaves 4-18" tall. Leaves 0.4-1.6" long, 0-few lobes. woodland - Plant tufted, stiff-hairy. Leaves gen streambanks, canyons - Stem 8-47" tall. Leaf w/6-13 lobes. Flowers bright blue w/white center, Flowers 0.16-0.24" long, light blue. Seeds 1-2. pinnate w/big terminal leaflet. Flowers 0.16-0.28" lobes 7-13. Flowers 0.3-0.6" long, 0.4-1.2" wide, 0.2-1.6" wide. long, lavender. purple, with bractlets. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 9

BLUE DICKS (Dichelostemma capitatum subsp. FORK-TOOTHED OOKOW (Dichelostemma ITHURIEL'S SPEAR (Triteleia laxa) Native MEDITERRANEAN LINSEED (Bellardia trixago) capitatum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - congestum) Native Perennial - Brodiaea Family - Perennial - Brodiaea Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open woodland, scrub, desert, (Apr–Jun) - Open woodland, grassland - Plant Common. Open forest, conifer or foothill (Apr–Jun) - Disturbed grassland. - Plant grassland - Plant 2-28" tall. Flowers blue-purple, 12-35" tall. Flowers blue-purple, narrowed above woodland, grassland on clay soil - Flower stem sticky-hairy. Stem 6-32" tall. Leaves not narrowed in the middle. Stamens 6. Early ovary. Stamens 3. Late spring bloomer. 4-28". Leaves 8-16", 0.16-1" wide. Flowers blue, lance-shaped, toothed. Flowers 0.8-1" long, spring bloomer. blue-purple or white, 0.7-1.9" long. 2-lipped: upper lip pink, lower lip white. INVASIVE.

PURPLE OWL'S-CLOVER (Castilleja exserta DWARF OWL'S CLOVER (Triphysaria pusilla) GIANT TRILLIUM (Trillium chloropetalum) Native COAST LARKSPUR (Delphinium decorum subsp. exserta) Native Annual - Broom-rape Native Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Apr–Jun) - Perennial - Bunchflower Family - (Apr–May) - subsp. decorum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Mar–May) - Open fields, grassland - Grassland - Plant 2-8" tall, yellow-brown or Edges of redwood forest, chaparral, gen moist Family - (Mar–May) - Open coastal grassland, Plant sticky, short-hairy. Flower cluster tipped purple, hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, 3-9-lobed. slopes, canyon banks in alluvial soils - Flowers chaparral - Stems 3-14" tall. Leaves short-hairy white, pale yellow or rose. Flower upper lip Flowers purple (yellow), 0.16-0.28" long, in leaf dark purple to white, sessile. Petals 2.6-4" long, under, with few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, dark hooked, fuzzy. axils. odor rose-like or spicy. blue-purple. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 10

SPREADING LARKSPUR (Delphinium patens PURPLE SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnatifida) CALIFORNIA MILKWEED (Asclepias californica) NARROW-LEAF MILKWEED (Asclepias subsp. patens) Native Perennial - Buttercup Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–May) - Native Perennial - Dogbane Family - (Apr–Jul) - fascicularis) Native Perennial - Dogbane Family - Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, open woodland - Open grassland, gen on serpentine, or pine/oak Flats, grassy or brushy hillsides - Plant densly (May–Oct) - Dry ground, valleys, foothills - Plant Stem 4-35" long. Leaves glabrous, divided into woodland - Plant 5-24" tall. Leaves 1.6-7.5" long, white-woolly. Leaves oval. Flowers dark purple, ~ gen hairless. Stem leaves narrow, 3-5 in whorls. few-toothed lobes. Flowers few, bright or dark 1-2x divided on a winged central axis. Flowers 0.5" long, petals bent back. Food plant for Flowers green-white to purple-tinged, ~0.25" blue-purple. dark purple. Fruits prickly. Monarch butterflies. long.

SMALL CLARKIA (Clarkia affinis) Native Annual - HERALD-OF-SUMMER (Clarkia gracilis subsp. FOUR-SPOT (Clarkia purpurea subsp. RUBY CHALICE CLARKIA (Clarkia rubicunda) Evening Primrose Family - (May–Jun) - Openings gracilis) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family quadrivulnera) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Native Annual - Evening Primrose Family - in woodland, chaparral - Stem < 32". Buds erect, - (Apr–Jul) - Common. Openings in woodland, Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. Open, grassy or (May–Aug) - Openings in woodland, forest, ovary 8-grooved, sepals united on side. Petals forest - Plant < 35". Buds nodding. Petals shrubby places - Buds erect. Petals < 0.6", chaparral near coast - Stem < 5' long. Buds erect. 0.2-0.6" long, pale pink to dark wine-red, often 0.2-0.9" long, pink. Stigma = anthers. Ovary lavender to dark red. Ovary 8-grooved. Sepals Petals 0.4-1.2", rose w/red base. Sepals united. purple-flecked. 4-grooved. Sepals united. 1's or 2's. Stigma > anthers. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 11

ELEGANT CLARKIA (Clarkia unguiculata) Native PANICLED / WEEDY WILLOWHERB (Epilobium COMMON WILLOWHERB (Epilobium ciliatum CHAPARRAL WILLOWHERB (Epilobium Annual - Evening Primrose Family - (Apr–Sep) - brachycarpum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose subsp. ciliatum) Native Perennial - Evening minutum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Common. Woodland - Buds nodding. Axis erect. Family - (Jun–Sep) - Common. Dry open or Primrose Family - (Jun–Oct) - Common. Family - (Apr–Sep) - Dry, open, disturbed areas, Petals 0.4-1" long, pink to dark-red, clawed. disturbed woodland, grassland, roadsides - Plant Disturbed places, moist meadows, streambanks, vernal pools, often after fire - Plant < 16" tall. Sepals united; sepals & ovary w/spreading hairs 8-79" tall, diffuse. Petals 2-15 mm long, white to roadsides - Plant 20-48" tall, smooth or Flower cluster open. Petals 0.1-0.2" long, white to 0.1". rose-purple. short-hairy. Petals 2-6 mm, white to pink. or pink. Leaves flat, not clustered.

NARROW-LEAF FLAX (Linum bienne) LONG-BEAKED FILAREE (Erodium botrys) REDSTEM FILAREE (Erodium cicutarium) GREENSTEM FILAREE (Erodium moschatum) Naturalized Perennial - Flax Family - (Mar–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Garden escape; grassland, woodland, disturbed (Mar–Jul) - Dry, open or disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites, grassland, (Feb–Sep) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 4-24", places, esp coastal - Plant 2.4-24" tall. Petals 4-35" tall, coarse-hairy. Leaves lobed. Petals scrub - Stem 4-20". Leaves compound, leaflets short-hairy. Leaves compound, leaflets toothed. light blue, 0.24-0.4" long. Fruit 0.16-0.24" wide. pink, 0.3-0.5" long. Sepals w/reddish tip. Fruit dissected. Sepal tip bristly. Petal pink to purple. Sepal tip glabrous. Petals 0.4-0.6" long, pink. Garden escape. beak 2-4.7" long. Fruit beak 0.8-2". INVASIVE. Fruit beak 0.8-1.6" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 12

CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM (Geranium HAIRY DOVE'S FOOT GERANIUM (Geranium HERB ROBERT (Geranium robertianum) WESTERN BLUE-EYED-GRASS (Sisyrinchium dissectum) Naturalized Annual - Geranium molle) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Geranium Family - bellum) Native Perennial - Iris Family - Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem (Feb–Aug) - Open to shaded sites, disturbed (Apr–Sep) - Open to shaded sites - Stem 4-20" (Mar–May) - Common. Open, gen moist, grassy 3-28" tall, rough-hairy. Leaf blades deeply ground - Stem 4-17" tall. Petals red-purple, long. Leaflets in 3s, deeply lobed. Petals pink to areas, woodland - Stem < 25" tall. Leaves divided. Petals violet-red, 0.1-0.25" long 0.1-0.4" long, notched. Sepals awnless. Fruit red-purple, 0.4-0.55" long. iris-like. Petals 6, blue-purple with dark veins, w/notched tips. Flower stalk sticky. INVASIVE. smooth, wrinkled. 0.4-0.7" long.

GRASS-POLY (Lythrum hyssopifolia) Naturalized FIELD MADDER (Sherardia arvensis) GERANIUM-LEAVED CHECKERBLOOM RED MAIDS (Calandrinia ciliata) Native Annual - Annual-Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Apr–Oct) Naturalized Annual - Madder Family - (Mar–Jul) - (Sidalcea malviflora subsp. laciniata) Native Miner's Lettuce Family - (Feb–May) - Common. - Marshes, drying pond margins, disturbed Pastures, disturbed areas, grassland, dry Perennial - Mallow Family - (Mar–Jun) - Sandy to loamy soil, grassy areas, cult fields - ground - Stem 4-24". Leaves 0.2-1.2" long, ~ meadows, oak woodland - Stem 2.8-6.3" long. Grassland, open woodland - Plant 6-39" tall. Petals 0.2-0.6" long, bright pink to red, elliptical. Petals pink, 0.1-0.2" long. 2 awl-like Leaves in whorls of 5-6, 0.2-0.5" long. Flowers Middle leaves linear-lobed. Petals 0.4-0.8" long, round-tipped. Fruit < 0.1" longer than bracts. appendages. INVASIVE weed. pink or lavender, the 4 lobes < tube. pink-lavender, gen white veined. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 13

CLASPING HENBIT (Lamium amplexicaule) PENNYROYAL (Mentha pulegium) Naturalized COYOTE-MINT (Monardella villosa subsp. THYMELEAF BEARDSTYLE (Pogogyne Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Mint Family - Perennial - Mint Family - (Jul–Oct) - Moist places, villosa) Native Perennial - Mint Family - serpylloides) Native Annual - Mint Family - (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed sites, cult or abandoned fields - Stem 4-12" tall, short-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1" (May–Aug) - Dry rocky slopes, oak woods, (Mar–Jun) - Grassy, brushy areas - Plant fields - Stem 4-16" long. Leaf blades 0.4-1" long, long, upper stalkless. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, chaparral - Plant < 20" tall. Leaves ovate, inconspicuous. Stem 1-8" long, low-growing. upper stalkless. Flowers red-purple, gen 0.4-0.7" violet to lavender. Aromatic. INVASIVE weed. 0.4-0.9" mm long. Flower head 0.4-1.2" wide. Flowers 0.1-0.2" long, lavender, in dense long. Flowers pink to purple. clusters.

CHIA (Salvia columbariae) Native Annual - Mint VINEGAR WEED (Trichostema lanceolatum) RADISH (Raphanus sativus) Naturalized Annual - BRISTLY JEWEL FLOWER (Streptanthus Family - (Mar–Jun) - Dry, disturbed sites, Native Annual - Mint Family - (Jun–Nov) - Dry, Mustard Family - (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, glandulosus subsp. glandulosus) Native Annual - chaparral, coastal-sage scrub - Plant 4-20" tall. open, gen disturbed habitats - Plant < 39" tall. fields - Stem 16-51" long. Petals 0.6-1" long, Mustard Family - (Apr–Jul) - Serpentine, bare Leaf 0.8-4" long, many 2x divided. Flower cluster Leaf blades 0.8-2.8" long, leaf stalk, ~ stalkless. white to purple. Fruit a fat cylinder w/constrictions slopes, chaparral & woodland openings - Flower head-like, 1-2 on bare stem. Flowers blue, tubes Flowers purple-blue, tube 0.2-0.4" long, curving between seeds. INVASIVE weed. lavender or purple-brown. 6-8 mm long. up. Vinegar scent. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 14

JEWELED ONION (Allium serra) Native SPANISH CLOVER (Acmispon americanus var. SMALL-FLOWER LOTUS (Acmispon parviflorus) LEATHER ROOT (Hoita macrostachya) Native Perennial - Onion or Garlic Family - (Apr–May) - americanus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Aug) - Common. Grassy slopes - Flowers pink to rose, (May–Oct) - Coast, chaparral, waterways, Abundant. Coastal bluffs to oak/pine or fir Streamsides, marshes, spring-moist places - crowded, 10-40. "Petals" about 0.2" long, ± erect, roadsides, disturbed areas - Plant 2-24", hairy. woodland, open or disturbed areas - Flowers Stem erect, < 6.6' tall, much-branched. Leaflets ± lance-shaped, papery and folded over fruit Flowers white to pink, solitary, bract lobes >> pinkish, solitary, 0.2" long, on stalk with bracts. 0.8-4" long, both sides sticky. Flowers ~0.4" long, when in fruit. flower tube. Not hairy. blue to purple.

PACIFIC PEA (Lathyrus vestitus var. vestitus) MINIATURE LUPINE (Lupinus bicolor) Native SUMMER LUPINE (Lupinus formosus var. CHICK LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Feb–Jul) - North: Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. formosus) Native Perennial - Pea Family - microcarpus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Conifer forest. South: chaparral & oak woodland - Open or disturbed areas - Plant 4-16", hairy. (Apr–Sep) - Dry clay soils, grassland, open areas (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, Stem wings to 0.02" wide. Leaves gen elliptic. Flower 0.16-0.4" long, banner longer than wide, under pines, gen in valleys - Plant 8-32", low occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32", hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, pale lavender to purple. upper keel ciliate near tip, pedicel < 0.12". Fruit growing. Leaves hairy. Flowers purple, hairless, Leaves smooth above. Flowers gen pink to 0.12-0.24" wide. summer/fall blooming. purple. Flower bracts shaggy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 15

SKY LUPINE (Lupinus nanus) Native Annual - ARROYO LUPINE (Lupinus succulentus) Native DECEIVING CLOVER (Trifolium bifidum var. FOOTHILL CLOVER (Trifolium ciliolatum) Native Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Open or Annual - Pea Family - (Feb–May) - Abundant. decipiens) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Locally disturbed areas - Plant 4-24" tall, hairy. Flowers Open or disturbed areas, often seeded on (Apr–Jun) - Open, grassy areas, forest - Leaflet common. Grassland, chaparral, disturbed areas - blue to pink to white, 0.2-0.6" long; banner as roadbanks - Plant 8-40" tall, fleshy, sparsely tip square/notched. Flower small, yellow to Flower head 0.3-0.8" wide w/vestigial bract. wide as long. Flower stalk gen > 0.12" long. hairy. Flowers 0.5-0.7" long, whorled, gen pink-purple, soon reflex. Flower stalk top sparsely Flowers pink to purple, soon reflexed, bracts blue-purple, petal claws short-hairy. hairy. w/short, flat bristles.

STRAWBERRY CLOVER (Trifolium fragiferum) CLUSTERED CLOVER (Trifolium glomeratum) PINPOINT CLOVER (Trifolium gracilentum) ROSE CLOVER (Trifolium hirtum) Naturalized Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Late spring) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–May) - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open, Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Disturbed - Roadsides, gen in saline soil - Head bracts Uncommon. Disturbed areas - Leaflets 0.2-0.5" disturbed places, occas serpentine - Leaflet tips areas, roadsides - Head with 1-2 bract-like leaves 0.08" long, green. Flowers pink, 0.2-0.24" long, long. Head 0.28-0.4" wide. Flowers pink, not deep-notched. Reflexed pink-purple flowers immed below. Flowers pink, 0.4-0.6" long, quickly hidden by hairy inflated flower bracts. 0.16-0.24" long. Bracts triangular-lobed, curl back w/point. Flower bracts completely smooth. densely-bristly in fruit. INVASIVE weed. in fruit. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 16

SMALL-HEAD CLOVER (Trifolium TOMCAT CLOVER (Trifolium willdenovii) Native NARROW-LEAVED VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. SPARSELY HAIRY VETCH (Vicia villosa subsp. microcephalum) Native Annual - Pea Family - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. nigra) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - varia) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Aug) - Streambanks, moist, disturbed areas, Disturbed, gen spring-moist, heavy soils, occas (Mar–Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, roadside, disturbed areas roadsides, serpentine, conifer forest - Hairy. serpentine - Head bract wheel-shaped, grassland, open areas in oak and riparian - Stems w/few hairs. Flowers 10-20, blue-purple Head bract cup-like. Flowers pink to lavender, sharp-lobed. Leaf narrow. Flowers purple w/white woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, to white, 0.4-0.55" long. Lower bract lobes calyx lobes smooth-edged, > flowers. tip, 0.3-0.6" long. pink-purple to white, 0.4-0.7" long. Leaflets 0.04-0.1" long. 0.2-0.3" wide.

CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia achilleifolia subsp. MANY-STEM CALIFORNIA GILIA (Gilia SERPENTINE LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon PINKLOBE LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon achilleifolia) Native Annual - Phlox Family - achilleifolia subsp. multicaulis) Native Annual - ambiguus) Native Annual - Phlox Family - androsaceus) Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen grassy places, Phlox Family - (Feb–Jun) - Open or shaded, gen (Apr–May) - Grassy areas gen serpentine - Stem (Apr–Jun) - Open or shaded areas in woodland, sandy or rocky soil - Leaves linear-lobed. Flowers grassy places, sandy or rocky soil - Leaves 0.4-0.8", thread-like. Diffuse. Corolla throat chaparral - Plant 2-18", hairy. Flowers pink, lavender, 0.4-0.8" long, throat > tube, 8-25 in linear-lobed. Flowers white to lavender, 0.2-0.4" widely-widened. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. bracted group, tube 0.4-1.3" long, lobes gen > hemispheric head. long, not in heads. 0.3" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 17

SLENDER ANNUAL PHLOX (Microsteris gracilis) DOWNY NAVARRETIA (Navarretia pubescens) SKUNKWEED (Navarretia squarrosa) Native RED SAND-SPURRY (Spergularia rubra) Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Aug) - Dry to Native Annual - Phlox Family - (May–Jul) - Open, Annual - Phlox Family - (Jun–Aug) - Common. Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Pink Family - moist areas - Plant < 8" tall, glandualr-hairy. slopes, gravel, clay - Stem 5.5-13", tan to Open, wet, gravelly flats, slopes - Plant 4-24" tall, (Spring–fall) - Forest, meadows, mud flats, Leaves 0.4-1.2" long. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, red-brown. Bracts irregularly toothed. Calyx lobes sticky, with skunk-like odor. Flowers 0.35-0.47" disturbed - Plant 1.6-10". Leaf non-fleshy, whorls tubes yellow, lobes bright pink to white. often toothed. Flowers 0.4-0.6" long, bright long, dark blue; petal lobes 0.08" long. w/large white bracts. Petals pink. Stamens 6-10. blue-purple. Sepals < 0.16".

WIRY SNAPDRAGON (Antirrhinum CHINESE-HOUSES (Collinsia heterophylla var. PERSIAN SPEEDWELL (Veronica persica) PADRE SHOOTING STAR (Dodecatheon vexillocalyculatum subsp. vexillocalyculatum) heterophylla) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Feb–May) clevelandii subsp. patulum) Native Perennial - Native Annual - Plantain Family - (Jun–Aug) - (Mar–Jun) - Shady places in chaparral, open - Wet, disturbed areas, fields - Stem 2-24" long, Primrose Family - (Mar–May) - Moist places, Disturbed areas - Stem 3-67" long, often clinging mixed woodland, oak woodland - Plant 4-20" tall. crawling. Flowers on 0.6-1.2" long stalks. Flowers often on serpentine or in ± alkaline sites - Leaf to other plants. Flowers lavender, 0.4-0.7" long. Flowers 0.6-0.8" long, upper lip whitish. blue, purple-lined with a white center. blade length >2x width. Flowers often white. Filiment tube w/light spots below anthers. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 18

MOSQUITOBILLS SHOOTING STAR ITALIAN THISTLE (Carduus pycnocephalus PURPLE STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea calcitrapa) BULL THISTLE (Cirsium vulgare) Naturalized (Dodecatheon hendersonii) Native Perennial - subsp. pycnocephalus) Naturalized Annual - Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - Biennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Primrose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Gen in shady sites Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jul) - Roadsides, (Apr–Nov) - Pastures, disturbed places - Plant Common. Disturbed areas - Plant 12-79" tall. Top - Leaf blade length generally <2x width. Flower pastures, disturbed areas - Stems 8-79", narrow 8-40"+. Basal leaves 1-2x divided into narrow of leaves bristly; leaf base forming decurrent parts 4s or 5s. Filament tube solid black. spiny-wings. Lower leaves 4-10 lobed, heads 2-5, lobes. Flowers purple with spiny bracts. wings on stem. Flowers purple, gen 1-2" wide. flower bracts woolly. NOXIOUS. NOXIOUS weed. NOXIOUS weed.

WEEDY CUDWEED (Pseudognaphalium MILK THISTLE (Silybum marianum) Naturalized TWIGGY WREATH PLANT (Stephanomeria COMMON CALIFORNIA WILD ASTER luteoalbum) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - virgata subsp. pleurocarpa) Native Annual - (Symphyotrichum chilense) Native Perennial - Family - (Apr–Aug) - Disturbed sites, fields, Roadsides, pastures, disturbed areas - Stem Sunflower Family - (Jun–Nov) - Chaparral Sunflower Family - (Jun–Oct) - Grassland, salt streambeds - Heads 0.12-0.16" long, yellowish, 1-10', stout. Leaves spiny, shiny green w/white openings, grassland - Plant 20-79". Stem leaves marshes, disturbed places - Plant 16-39", partly female flowers < 0.08" long, pappus bristles veins and spots. Flowers red-purple. INVASIVE oblong, bract-like. Flower bracts not spreading. hairy. Leaf 1.6-6", 0.2-1.2" wide. Rays violet, connected. weed. Flowers 5-6, white to dark pink. 0.3-0.5" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 19

PURPLE SALSIFY (Tragopogon porrifolius) ROBUST VERVAIN (Verbena lasiostachys var. TUMBLEWEED (Amaranthus albus) Naturalized GREEN DOCK (Rumex conglomeratus) Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family scabrida) Native Perennial - Vervain Family - Annual - Amaranth Family - (Jun–Oct) - Disturbed Naturalized Perennial - Buckwheat Family - - (Mar–Nov) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant (May–Sep) - Open, dry to wet places - Plant areas, roadsides, riverbanks, sandy places, (May–Aug) - Common. Moist places - Stem 16-39" tall, milky sap. Leaves 0.8-1.6" long, very 14-32" tall. Leaves green, narrow, 3-lobed, agricultural fields - Plant upright, bushy. Stem 12-32" tall, unbranched below. Flower cluster narrow, waxy blue. Flowers purple. stiff-haired above. Flowers blue to purple on long pale. Flower clusters <= 0.6" long, at base of open. Fruit valves ~0.1" long, scarcely winged stalk. leaves. Flowers with 3 "petals". around the 3 tubercles, smooth edged.

CURLY DOCK (Rumex crispus) Naturalized GOLDEN DOCK (Rumex fueginus) Native FIDDLE DOCK (Rumex pulcher) Naturalized WOOLLY FRUITED DESERTPARSLEY Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - Annual-Biennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Aug) Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (May–Sep) - (Lomatium dasycarpum subsp. dasycarpum) Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem 16-39" tall. - Riparian, disturbed places, shores, marshes, Disturbed places, meadows, moist or dry habitats Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Mar–Jun) - Flower cluster dense, valves 0.2-0.24", winged bogs, wet meadows - Stem 6-24" tall, gen - Stem 8-24" long, branches widely spreading. Rocky (gen serpentine), chaparral, woodland - around tubercles, smooth edged. 1 tubercle branched. Leaf blades 2-10" long 0.6-1.2" wide. Leaf blades 1.6-4" long, 1.2-2" wide. Valves Plant 4-20", short-hairy. Flowers greenish-white, enlarged. INVASIVE. Valves w/2-3 teeth. w/2-5 teeth. petals and fruit hairy. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 20

DURANGO ROOT (Datisca glomerata) Native WALL GOOSEFOOT (Chenopodium murale) CHECKER LILY (Fritillaria affinis) Native HOARY NETTLE (Urtica dioica subsp. Perennial - Datisca Family - (May–Jul) - Dry Naturalized Annual - Goosefoot Family - (All Perennial - Lily Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common. holosericea) Native Perennial - Nettle Family - streambeds or washes - Stem 3.3-6.6' tall. year) - Common. Disturbed areas, fields - Plant Oak or pine scrub, grassland - Stem 4-47" tall. (Jun–Sep) - Meadows, seeps, springs, margins of Leaves ~ 6" long, lance-shaped, alternate above, 6-24" tall. Leaves dark green, shiny, broad, Leaves 1.6-6.3" long, whorled below. Petals marshes, streams, lakes, moist areas in opposite/whorled below. Flowers small with no toothed. Seeds horizontal, bumpy, rim angled. mottled brown-purple and yellow-green, 0.4-1.6" chaparral, coastal scrub - Plant 3.3-9.8' tall, petals. long. grayish, covered with stinging hairs.

DWARF NETTLE (Urtica urens) Naturalized COMMON PLANTAIN (Plantago major) LADY'S MANTLE (Aphanes occidentalis) Native TURKEY-MULLEIN (Croton setigerus) Native Annual - Nettle Family - (Jan–Jun) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Plantain Family - Annual - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Seasonally Annual - Spurge Family - (May–Oct) - Dry, open, areas, stream banks, shaded areas in grassland, (Apr–Sep) - Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, moist grassland, chaparral, woodland - Plant often disturbed areas - Plant < 8" tall, moundlike, oak woodland, chaparral, coastal-sage scrub, blades 5-18 cm long, broadly oval, not hairy. inconspicuous, soft hairy, < 4" tall. Leaves covered w/long stiff hairs. Leaf blade 0.4-2" long, riparian woodland - Leaf teeth sharp. Petals 2 Flowers + stem 2-24" tall, flower cluster gen 0.1-0.5" long, deeply lobed. Flowers oval. TOXIC to livestock. large, 2 small, free to base. 1.2-8" long. yellow-green, < 0.1" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 21

PYGMY WEED (Crassula connata) Native MUGWORT (Artemisia douglasiana) Native DAGGERLEAF COTTONROSE (Logfia gallica) SLENDER WOOLLY-MARBLES (Psilocarphus Annual - Stonecrop Family - (Feb–May) - Open Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - tenellus) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - areas - Plants 0.8-2.4"+ tall, red in age. Flowers < Common. Open to shady areas, often in (Mar–Jul) - Bare or grassy openings, burns - (Mar–Jul) - Common. Dry, seasonally moist 0.1" long, 2 per node; Sepals 4, pointed end. drainages - Plant 20-60" tall. Leaves gen 0.4-4" Plant 1-20" tall, gen cobwebby. Leaves slopes, flats, burns, trails, rarely vernal pools - Petals generally < sepals. long, densely hairy below, some 3-5 lobed. awl-shaped, stiff, > flower heads. Flowers brown Plant hairy. Leaves spoon-shaped. Disk flowers Flower bracts hairy. to yellow. 4-lobed.

SPINY COCKLEBUR (Xanthium spinosum) COCKLEBUR (Xanthium strumarium) Native COMMON FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia intermedia) COMMON INDIAN PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Annual - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Native Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–Jun) - affinis subsp. affinis) Native Perennial - Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Disturbed, seasonally wet, often alkaline sites, in Abundant. Open, generally disturbed places - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–Jun) - Chaparral, grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-24". grassland, marshes, watercourses - Plant 4-32" Plant 0.5-3' tall. Flowers orange with 5 red spots, coastal scrub - Plants 6-24" tall, gen bristly, Stem node spines 0.6-1.2" long, golden, gen tall. Stem spineless. Bur 0.4-1.2"+ long. 0.3-0.4" long, 0.2-0.4" wide, tube straight. non-sticky. Leaves 1-3", lance-shaped, 0-5 lobes. 3-lobed. Bur 0.4-0.5" long. Flower cluster open, red to orange-red. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 22

WOOLLY PAINTBRUSH (Castilleja foliolosa) SHEEP SORREL (Rumex acetosella) Naturalized CRIMSON COLUMBINE (Aquilegia formosa) CALIFORNIA FUCHSIA (Epilobium canum Native Perennial - Broom-rape Family - Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Apr–Jul) - ± Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Apr–Sep) - subsp. canum) Native Perennial - Evening (Mar–Jun) - Dry, open, rocky slopes, edges of Disturbed, often acidic places - Stem < 16". Leaf Streambanks, seeps, moist places, chaparral, Primrose Family - (Jun–Dec) - Dry slopes, ridges chaparral - Plant 1-2' tall, base slightly woody, gen basal, blade 0.8-2.4" long, lower oak woodland, mixed-evergreen or conifer forests - Plant hairy, gen sticky with a woody base. Leaf much branched, woolly. Flower cluster arrowhead-shaped w/2 lobes. Flowers yellowish, - Flowers about 2" long, yellow with red sepals & 0.3-2.8" long, gray to green. Flowers red-orange, orange-red (occas. yellow-green). turn reddish. INVASIVE. spurs. floral tube 0.8-1.2" long.

SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) CALIFORNIA PINK (Silene laciniata subsp. CALIFORNIA POPPY (Eschscholzia californica) WIND POPPY (Papaver heterophyllum) Native Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar–May) californica) Native Perennial - Pink Family - Native Perennial - Poppy Family - (Feb–Sep) - Annual - Poppy Family - (Apr–May) - Grassy - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - (Spring–summer) - Chaparral, oak woodland, Grassy, open areas - Plant 2-24" tall. Flower areas, openings in chaparral - Plant 1-2', yellow Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers 0.2-0.3" long, salmon or conifer forest, serpentine or not - Plant 8-28" tall. w/spreading rim <= 0.2". Petals 0.8-2.4" long, sap. Petals orange-red, 0.4-0.8" long. Stigma occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause Petals 0.5-1" long, bright red. early spring = large and orange, fall = smaller and spherical on slender style. dermititis. yellow. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Red/Orange Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 23

CALIFORNIA FIGWORT (Scrophularia VENUS THISTLE (Cirsium occidentale var. SEASIDE HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium VARIABLE-LEAF NEMOPHILA (Nemophila californica) Native Perennial - Snapdragon Family venustum) Native Biennial - Sunflower Family - curassavicum var. oculatum) Native Perennial - heterophylla) Native Annual - Borage Family - - (Mar–Jul) - Common; damp places, chaparral, (May–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, Borage Family - (Feb–Oct) - Moist to dry, saline (Feb–Jun) - Common. Forest, chaparral, roadsides - Stem 2.6-4' tall, square x-section. woodland - Plant 1.6-9.8' tall. Head bract cluster to alkaline soils, gen near water - Plant fleshy. roadsides, streambanks - Flower 0.1-0.4" long, Leaves opposite, to 7" long, triangular, toothed. 0.6-2" tall, 0.6-3" diam. Flowers gen bright Leaf 0.4-2.4 cm long. Flowers white w/ yellow unspotted, bract appendages < 0.04" long in fruit. Flowers 0.3-0.5" long, upper lips red to maroon, red-pink to red, 0.9-1.4" long. center, 0.12-0.2" long. lower paler or yellowish.

SMALL-FLOWER NEMOPHILA (Nemophila COMMON PHACELIA (Phacelia distans) Native ROCK PHACELIA (Phacelia imbricata subsp. WHITE FIESTA FLOWER (Pholistoma parviflora var. parviflora) Native Annual - Borage Annual - Borage Family - (Mar–May) - Common. imbricata) Native Perennial - Borage Family - membranaceum) Native Annual - Borage Family - Family - (Mar–Jul) - Woodland, forest, roadsides, Clay to rocky soils, slopes - Plant 6-32" tall. (Apr–Jul) - Slopes, roadsides, flats, canyons, (Feb–May) - Beaches, bluffs, ravines, wooded slopes - Upper leaves 0.4-1.6" long, gen w/5 Leaves divided. Flowers 0.24-0.35" long, dirty chaparral, woodland - Plant 8-47", tufted. Leaf slopes, desert washes - Stem 2-36" tall. Flowers deep lobes. Flowers white or blue, 0.08-0.16" white. Seeds 2-4. segments 7-15. Flowers 0.2-0.3", white. Flower gen 2-10, 0.12-0.24" long, < 0.4" wide, white, no long; style < 0.1". bracts often sticky. bractlets. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 24

RUSTY POPCORNFLOWER (Plagiobothrys VALLEY TASSELS (Castilleja attenuata) Native EAR-SHAPED WILD BUCKWHEAT (Eriogonum WATER SMARTWEED (Persicaria punctata) nothofulvus) Native Annual - Borage Family - Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Mar–May) - nudum var. auriculatum) Native Perennial - Native Annual-Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (Mar–May) - Common; open woodland, grassland Grassland - Plant 4-20" tall, hairy, non-sticky. Buckwheat Family - (May–Oct) - Common. Sand (Jun–Nov) - Shallow water, shores, marshes, - Plant 8-28" tall, red-purple sap. Flower Leaves 0.8-3.1" long, narrow, 0-3 lobes. Flower or gravel - Plant 5-15 dm. Leaves on stem, floodplain forest - Flowers ~0.15" long, 5-lobed, 0.16-0.35" wide, white. Seed often only 1, cluster 1-12" long, narrow, tips white or pale curled. Inflor smooth. Flowers white to pink, white margins, gland-dotted. Fruit black, shiny. horizontal. yellow. smooth.

KNOTWEED (Polygonum aviculare subsp. STARRY FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL PALE-FLOWERED WESTERN LARKSPUR THREAD-LEAF WATER BUTTERCUP depressum) Naturalized Annual - Buckwheat (Maianthemum stellatum) Native Perennial - (Delphinium hesperium subsp. pallescens) Native (Ranunculus aquatilis var. diffusus) Native Family - (May–Nov) - Disturbed places - Stem Butcher's Broom Family - (Apr–Jun) - Moist Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Mar–May) - Oak Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Mar–Sep) - 4-20", mat-forming. Flowers 2-8/leaf axil, ~0.1" woodland, streambanks, open slopes - Stem woodland, e slope coast ranges - Plant gen Ponds, lakes, streams - Leaf w/slender stem, leaf long, fused 1/2 length, w/white or pink margins. 12-28" long. Leaf 2-7" long. Flowers 5-15/cluster. 16-32" w/short-hairy base. Flowers white, pinkish segments thread-like. Petals 0.16-0.28" long, Petals white, 0.16-0.28" long. or lt blue. white. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 25

BUR-CHERVIL (Anthriscus caucalis) Naturalized WESTERN WATER-HEMLOCK (Cicuta POISON HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) RATTLESNAKE WEED (Daucus pusillus) Native Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Generally douglasii) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - Naturalized Biennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Rocky or shady places - Plant 18-40" tall. Flowers white; (Jun–Sep) - Wet places, gen aquatic - Plants Common. Moist, esp disturbed places - Plants sandy places - Plant 1-35" tall, usually < 20". flower stalk >= fruit length. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long 5-10' tall. Leaves 1-3x divided, leaflets 1-10, 2-10' tall. Stems purple-spotted. Leaves fern-like, Flower clusters with < 13 flowers, all white. with curved "velcro" bristles. Leaves fern-like, serrate edges. Flowers white. Fruits round. The gen 2x divided. Flowers white. TOXIC. INVASIVE Young roots edible. Sap TOXIC to some people, triangular outline. most lethally TOXIC native plant. weed. causing dermititis.

COW PARSNIP (Heracleum maximum) Native SWEET-CICELY (Osmorhiza berteroi) Native VENUS' NEEDLE (Scandix pecten-veneris) TALL SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis arvensis) Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Moist Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - Conifer Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jul) - places, wooded or open - Plants 1-3 m tall, forest, woodland, disturbed areas - Plant 12-47". Grassy slopes, roadsides - Plant 6-20" tall. Leaf Disturbed places - Plant erect, 12-40". Flower woolly-hairy. Leaflets 3, maple-lobed, 4-16" wide. Leaflets in 3s, serrate to irreg lobed. Flower segments finely divided, linear. Flowers white, clusters open, > leaf. Fruits 0.1-0.2" long, Petals white, outermost longest. Juice causes white. Fruit 0.5-1", upward pointing barbs, outer petals larger. Fruit 0.2-1" long with a beak covered with uncurved bristles. Flowers white or dermatitis. splitting apart below. 0.8-2.8" long. pinkish. INVASIVE weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 26

SHORT SOCK-DESTROYER (Torilis nodosa) WAVYLEAF SOAP PLANT (Chlorogalum DENSE-FLOWER WILLOWHERB (Epilobium CALIFORNIA MAN-ROOT (Marah fabacea) Naturalized Annual - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - pomeridianum var. pomeridianum) Native densiflorum) Native Annual - Evening Primrose Native Perennial - Gourd Family - (Feb–Apr) - Disturbed places - Plant spreading, 4-20" tall. Perennial - Century Plant Family - (May–Aug) - Family - (May–Oct) - Streambanks, outwashes, Streamsides, washes, shrubby open areas - Vine Flowers white to red, clusters dense, < leaf. Fruit Common. Open grassland, chaparral, woodland - seasonal moist flats - Plant 2-60" tall, soft-hairy. 6-20' long. Leaves moderately lobed. Flowers ~ 0.1" long, uncurved bristles on outer surface, Plant 1-8' tall, flowers at night. Bulb juices lather Petals 0.1-0.4", rose-purple to white. Fruit not cream or white, < 0.3" wide. Fruit spiny all over. bumps inside. in water. tapered.

WHITE GLOBE LILY (Calochortus albus) Native OAKLAND STAR-TULIP (Calochortus WHITE BUTTERFLY MARIPOSA LILY GOOSE GRASS (Galium aparine) Native Annual Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Common. umbellatus) Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Calochortus venustus) Native Perennial - Lily - Madder Family - (Apr–Jun) - Grassy, ± shady Shady to open woodland, scrub - Stem 2-8 dm. (Mar–May) - Open chaparral or woodland, gen on Family - (May–Jul) - Sandy (often granitic) soil in places - Stem 12-35" long, weak, brittle. Leaves Leaves grasslike. Flowers 2-many, hanging, serpentine - Stem 3-10". Petals white or pink, grassland, woodland, yellow-pine forest - Flowers 0.5-1.6" long, in whorls of 6-8. Flowers white, closed at tip. Sepals 10-15 mm. Petals white to 0.5-0.7" long, square tip, purple-spotted base. white w/square yellow nectary; 2 red patches 4-lobed. Fruits covered w/short, hooked hairs. pink, 20-25 mm long. CNPS: FAIRLY ENDANGERED. above. Petals 1.2-2" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 27

CHEESEWEED (Malva parviflora) Naturalized SANTA CLARA THORNMINT (Acanthomintha YERBA BUENA (Clinopodium douglasii) Native CUTLEAF BUGLEWEED (Lycopus americanus) Annual - Mallow Family - (Mar–May) - Common. lanceolata) Native Perennial - Mint Family - Perennial - Mint Family - (Apr–Sep) - Shady Native Perennial - Mint Family - (Aug–Sep) - Disturbed places - Stem 8-32" long, gen erect, (Mar–Jun) - Arid, rocky slopes, openings in scrub places, chaparral, woodland - Stem trailing, gen Moist areas, marshes, streambanks - Stem 8-32" widely branched. Flower bractlets linear. Petals or woodland, gen on serpentine - Plant 4-12" tall, woody, forming mats. Leaves 0.4-1.4" long, oval. tall, nodes short-hairy. Leaves 0.8-3" long, 0.1-0.2" long, pink to gen white. Fruit with flange soft hairy, ill-smelling, spiny. CNPS: WATCH Petals white to lavender, 3-8 mm long. Aromatic. w/short stems, irregularly lobed and cut. Flowers from flower bracts. LIST. white, ~0.1" long.

COMMON HOREHOUND (Marrubium vulgare) SHORT-SPIKED HEDGE-NETTLE (Stachys SHORTSTEM MORNING-GLORY (Calystegia BINDWEED (Convolvulus arvensis) Naturalized Naturalized Perennial - Mint Family - (Mar–Nov) - pycnantha) Native Perennial - Mint Family - subacaulis subsp. subacaulis) Native Perennial - Perennial - Morning-glory Family - (Mar–Oct) - Disturbed sites, gen overgrazed pastures - Stem (Jun–Oct) - Streambanks, springs, pine/oak Morning-glory Family - (Apr–Jun) - Dry, open Roadsides, open areas in many pl communities - 4-24" long. Leaf blades 0.6-2.2" long. Flower forest - Plant 12-39", densely glandular, aromatic. scrub or woodland - Stem gen ~0.8" long. Trailing. Leaf 0.8-1.2" long, w/round tip, pointed bract w/10 hook-tipped teeth. Flowers white, Flower cluster < 2", no spaces. Petals white to Flowers 1.3-2.4" long, white or cream. Bractlets lobes. Flowers white to pink, 0.8-1" long. ~0.2" long. INVASIVE. pink, ~0.3" long. concealing flower bracts. NOXIOUS. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 28

DWARF SANDWEED (Athysanus pusillus) SHEPHERD'S PURSE (Capsella bursa-pastoris) MILK MAIDS (Cardamine californica) Native WESTERN BITTER-CRESS (Cardamine Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Jan–Oct) Perennial - Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Gen oligosperma) Native Annual - Mustard Family - Grassy, open slopes, rocky outcrops, chaparral, - Disturbed areas - Stem 4-20" long. Basal leaves shaded sites, canyons, woodland. One of first (Mar–Jul) - Wet meadows, shady banks, damp flats, floodplains, cliffs, ledges - Stem 2-12" long, 1.2-2.4" long, dandelion-like. Petals white, spring flowers - Stem 10-24" long. Leaves lobed areas - Plants < 16". Leaves divided into 5-9 spindly. Flower cluster 1-sided. Petals white, 0.08-0.16" long. Fruits 0.16-0.35" long, flat, to compound w/sharp teeth. Petals white or pale leaflets. Flowers white, 0.1-0.2" long. Fruit < 0.1" ~0.1" long. Fruits round, hairy. heart-shaped. rose, 0.3-0.5" long. wide.

THREADLEAF PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium PROSTRATE PEPPERGRASS (Lepidium WATER CRESS (Nasturtium officinale) Native HAIRY FRINGEPOD (Thysanocarpus curvipes) nitidum) Native Annual - Mustard Family - strictum) Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - Perennial - Mustard Family - (Mar–Nov) - Native Annual - Mustard Family - (Feb–Jun) - (Feb–Mar) - Alkaline soils, pastures, dry vernal (Apr–Jun) - Uncommon. Disturbed areas, Streams, springs, marshes, lake margins, Common. Slopes, washes, moist meadows, pools, fields, beaches - Fruit stalk flat. Fruit woodland, slopes - Stem 2.8-6.7", gen crawling. swamps - Stem 4-43" long. Leaflets 3-9, 0.3-1" woodland, streambanks - Stem 4-24". Leaf smooth, 0.14-0.24" long, cupped, winged. Leaves pinnately lobed. Flower cluster crowded, wide. Petals white, 0.12-0.18" long. EDIBLE clasping w/'ears'. Fruit 0.12-0.24" wide, hanging, stallk < fruit, sepals stay. leaves. often hairy w/perforated edge. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 29

SMALL-FLOWERED NIGHTSHADE (Solanum GAMBEL MILKVETCH (Astragalus gambelianus) WILD LICORICE (Glycyrrhiza lepidota) Native GULLY LUPINE (Lupinus microcarpus var. americanum) Native Annual-Perennial - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jul) - Open, Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Jul) - In colonies, densiflorus) Native Annual - Pea Family - Nightshade Family - (Apr–Nov) - Open, often grassy areas, scrub - Plant 8-12" tall, slender. moist, gen open, disturbed areas incl (Apr–Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas, disturbed places - Flower 0.12-0.24" wide w/3mm Leaflets square-tipped. Flowers 4-15/cluster, streambanks, roadsides, alkaline soils or not - occ seeded on roadbanks - Plant 4-32" tall, hairy. lobes, white, anthers ~0.07". Seeds ~0.05". white w/purple-tinge, ~0.1" long. Fruits ~0.15" Plant to 47" tall. Leaflets 9-19. Flowers whitish, Flowers 0.3-0.7" long, white to yellow. Flower Bracts 0.04-0.08", curled back in fruit. long, reflexed. 0.43-0.55". Fruit w/hooked prickles. bract hairs few, short.

CALIFORNIA TEA (Rupertia physodes) Native THIMBLE CLOVER (Trifolium microdon) Native SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER (Trifolium BICOLOR LEPTOSIPHON (Leptosiphon bicolor) Perennial - Pea Family - (May–Sep) - Woodland - Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Common subterraneum) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Native Annual - Phlox Family - (Mar–Jun) - Stem ~1.6'. Leaflets 3, triangular to locally. Open, moist or dry, gen disturbed areas - (Mar–Apr) - Meadows, roadsides, disturbed areas Common. Open, grassy areas, chaparral, lance-shaped, 1.4-2.8" long, sticky. Flower bracts Short-hairy. Head bract w/flat base. Flowers - Plant hairy, creeping. Leaflets 0.4-0.6" long. woodland - Plant 0.8-8.3" tall, hairy. Flower lobes not hairy, lobes =. Flowers white or yellow, white to pink. Calyx lobes < 1/2 flower tube Head 0.4" wide. Flowers white, 0.3-0.55" long, ~0.1" long, pink or white; tube red; stigma banner 0.4-0.55" long. length, < flowers. fruit in a bur. <=0.02" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 30

STICKY MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED (Cerastium DOUGLAS' STITCHWORT (Minuartia douglasii) SMALL-FLOWER CATCHFLY (Silene gallica) COMMON CHICKWEED (Stellaria media) glomeratum) Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - Native Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Spring–early Naturalized Annual - Pink Family - (Feb–Sep) - (Spring) - Dry hillsides, grassland, chaparral, summer) - Dry, rocky, slopes, flats in chaparral, summer) - Fields, disturbed areas - Plant 4-16". Oak woodland, meadows, disturbed areas - Plant disturbed areas - Flowers 0.1-02" long, white, oak and pine woodland, often serpentine - Plant Leaves < 1.4" long. Flower cluster short-hairy, 2.8-20" tall. Stem w/line of hairs on 1 side. Sepals sticky-hairy. Flower bract hairs extend beyond tip; 1.6-12", sticky-hairy. Leaves 0.2-1.6". Petals bracts sticky-hairy, petal blade 0.2-0.5" long, 0.12-0.18" long. Petals white, 2-lobed, 0.7-0.9x bracts herbaceous. white, 0.12-0.24" long. smooth to notched, white to pink. sepals.

CALIFORNIA DWARF PLANTAIN (Plantago ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) CREAM CUPS (Platystemon californicus) Native STICKY CINQUEFOIL (Drymocallis glandulosa erecta) Native Annual - Plantain Family - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Aug) Annual - Poppy Family - (Mar–May) - Open var. wrangelliana) Native Perennial - Rose Family (Mar–May) - Sandy, clay, serpentine soil; grassy - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, grassland, sandy soil, burns - Plant 1.2-12" tall, - (May–Jul) - Gen ± shady or moist areas - Stem slopes, flats, open woodland - Leaf 1.2-5" long, hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem shaggy-hairy. Leaves 0.4-3.5" long, narrow. 8-28". Flower 0.2-0.25" long, pale yellow to linear, hairy. Flowers + stem 1.2-12" tall, cluster 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, Flowers solitary. Stamens > 12. Petals 6, gen cream. Terminal leaflet distinct, unlobed. 0.2-1.2" long. lawn weed. cream with yellow base. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 31

WOODLAND STAR (Lithophragma affine) Native CALIFORNIA SAXIFRAGE (Micranthes YARROW (Achillea millefolium) Native Perennial MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula) Naturalized Annual Perennial - Saxifrage Family - (Mar–Apr) - Open, californica) Native Perennial - Saxifrage Family - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Sep) - Many habitats - - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Common. grassy slopes - Plant 4-24" tall. Leaves w/3-5 (Feb–May(Jun)) - Moist, shady places - Plant Plant 4"-7' tall. Stem white-hairy. Leaves finely Disturbed areas, fields, coastal dunes, chaparral, sharp-toothed shallow lobes, stem leaves 6-14" tall. Leaves 1.6-4" long, at base, dissected. Flower cluster flat-topped. Flowers oak woodland - Leaves finely divided into alternate. Petals 0.2-0.5" long, white. Hypanthium egg-shaped, >= 0.08" wide, toothed. Petals white to pink. Widely used in folk medicine. thread-like lobes. Flowers > 0.6" wide, many on funnel-shaped. white, 0.1-0.18" long. top of a well-branched stem.

PEREGRINE THISTLE (Cirsium cymosum var. COMMON CALIFORNIA-ASTER (Corethrogyne HORSEWEED (Erigeron canadensis) Naturalized PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE (Erigeron cymosum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - filaginifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Disturbed philadelphicus var. philadelphicus) Native (Jun–Jul) - Scrubland, woodland, open forest, (Jul–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, grassland, places - Plant 8-79" tall. Gen 1 main stem Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family - meadows, occ serpentine - Plant 10-48" tall. foothill woodland, forest - Heads 3-20+, calyx branching above. Disk flowers yellow; rays white (May–Jun) - Streamsides, other moist habitats - Phyllaries green, upright. Flowers dull white. length 2x width. Rays white to pink-purple. or pink, <= 0.04" long. Head bracts 0.12-0.16" Plant 10-32" tall. Disk yellow. Rays 150-400, tall,0.08-0.12" wide. narrow, white to pink. Leaves clasping. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 32

HAYFIELD TARWEED (Hemizonia congesta WHITE HAWKWEED (Hieracium albiflorum) COTTONWEED (Micropus californicus var. CALIFORNIA EVERLASTING subsp. luzulifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Sep) californicus) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Pseudognaphalium californicum) Native Biennial Family - (Mar–Dec) - Disturbed, open, or grassy - Forest - Stem 8-47" tall, densely long-hairy. (Mar–Jun) - Clearings, often disturbed, dry or - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Sandy canyons, sites, often clayey soils, serpentine - Plant 2-32" Leaves mostly at base, 3-6" long, not lobed. seasonally moist soils - Plant 0.4-20" tall. Disk dry hills, coastal chaparral - Stem 8-51" tall. tall. Flowers white, rays 0.2-0.5" long; head bract Flower cluster widely branched, heads flowers < 5; top scale points up, largest gen Leaves green + glandular on both sides. Heads tips < body. few-haired. Rays white. Milky sap. 0.12-0.16" long. white, spheric, 0.2-0.24" long.

CALIFORNIA CHICORY (Rafinesquia californica) LONGHORN PLECTRITIS (Plectritis macrocera) LEMON VERBENA (Phyla nodiflora) Native LINDLEY BLAZING STAR (Mentzelia lindleyi) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Native Annual - Valerian Family - (Mar–Jun) - Perennial - Vervain Family - (May–Nov) - Wet Native Annual - Blazing-star Family - (May–Jun) - Open sites in scrub, woodland; often common Common. Open, partly shaded slopes - Plant places, pond margins - Mat-like. Leaf blade Rocky, open slopes, coastal-sage scrub, oak/pine after fire - Stem 2-15+ dm. Flower heads 0.8-1.2" 24-32" tall. Leaves to 1.8" long. Flowers 0.2-1.2" long, < 0.4" wide, 5-11 teeth. Flowers woodland - Plant 4-28" tall. Leaves 0.8-6.7" long, wide, solitary. Rays white or cream, extend 0.08-0.15" long w/tapering spur, white to pale white to red. Flower stem 0.6-3.5" tall. gen deeply lobed. Petals 0.8-1.6" long, yellow 0.2-0.3" beyond bracts. pink. Fruit grooved. Ornamental. w/orange base. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 33

SMALL-FLOWERED FIDDLENECK (Amsinckia CLUSTERED BROOMRAPE (Orobanche YELLOW JOHNNY-TUCK (Triphysaria eriantha CALIFORNIA BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus menziesii) Native Annual - Borage Family - fasciculata) Native Perennial - Broom-rape subsp. eriantha) Native Annual - Broom-rape californicus var. californicus) Native Perennial - (May–Jul) - Shade-tolerant, open, disturbed Family - (Apr–Jul) - Dry, gen bare places. Root Family - (Mar–May) - Grassland, foothills - Plant Buttercup Family - (Mar–Aug) - Grassland, open areas at forest/woodland edges - Flowers yellow parasite on various shrubs - Plant 2-8" tall. 4-14" tall, purple. Leaves 0.4-2" long, 3-7 lobed. woodland - Petals 9-17, 0.28-0.55" long, often > to orange-yellow, generally spotted, 0.2-0.3" long, Flowers pink or yellow, 5-20 on long stems. Flowers yellow with dark purple beak, 0.4-1" long. 2x width. Fruit body 0.07-0.13" long, 0.05-0.09" 0.1" wide. Leaves coarse-hairy. wide, smooth.

PRICKLESEED BUTTERCUP (Ranunculus FOOTHILL MEADOW-RUE (Thalictrum fendleri FENNEL (Foeniculum vulgare) Naturalized CELERY WEED (Lomatium californicum) Native muricatus) Naturalized Annual - Buttercup Family var. polycarpum) Native Perennial - Buttercup Perennial - Carrot Family - (May–Sep) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–Jun) - - (Apr–Jun) - Stream-banks, drainages, low Family - (Mar–Jun) - Moist, open to shaded Roadsides, disturbed sites - Plants 3-6.5' tall, Woodland, brushy slopes - Plant 12-48" tall, meadows - Plant 6-20". Leaves gen 3-lobed. places, woodland, forest - Plant 2-6'+ tall, male or anise-scented. Stems waxy-blue, canelike. smooth, waxy. Leaf segments wedge-shaped, Petals yellow, 5, 0.16-0.3" long. Fruits 0.2" long female. Leaf 1-4x divided, 3-18" long, segments Flowers yellow. Leaf segments thread-like, edible celery-like. Flowers yellow. Used medicinally by with curved bristles. 0.3-0.8" long. No petals. when young. INVASIVE weed. Native Americans. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 34

BLADDER PARSNIP (Lomatium utriculatum) POISON SANICLE (Sanicula bipinnata) Native PACIFIC WOODLAND SANICLE (Sanicula YELLOW MARIPOSA LILY (Calochortus luteus) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - (Feb–May) - Perennial - Carrot Family - (Apr–May) - Open crassicaulis) Native Perennial - Carrot Family - Native Perennial - Lily Family - (Apr–Jun) - Heavy Open grassy slopes, meadows, woodland - Plant grassland or pine/oak woodland - Plants 5-24" (Mar–May) - Open slopes, ravines, woodland - soils in grassland, woodland, mixed-evergreen 4-20" tall, leafy stem. Leaf lobes linear, bases tall. Leaves 2x pinnate. Flowers yellow, male Plants stout, 9-47". Leaves 1-5" across with 3-5 forest - Stem 8-20" long. Flowers bell-shaped, broad. Flowers bright yellow above unfused, flower stalk < fruit. Reported to be slightly TOXIC. deep, palmate lobes and serrate edges. Flowers deep yellow, 0.8-1.6" long, gen w/inner central round bractlets. Fruit winged. yellow. red-brown spot.

GOLDEN MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus guttatus) ERECT-POD WINTER CRESS (Barbarea BLACK MUSTARD (Brassica nigra) Naturalized TURNIP (Brassica rapa) Naturalized Annual - Native Perennial - Lopseed Family - (Mar–Aug) - orthoceras) Native Perennial - Mustard Family - Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) - Common. Mustard Family - (Jan–May) - Disturbed areas - Common. Wet places, gen terrestrial, occ (Mar–Jul) - Meadows, streambanks, moist Disturbed areas, fields - Plant 1-6' tall. Petals Stem 8-40" tall. Leaves clasping, upper emergent or floating in mats - Plant 0.8-60". woodland, grassland - Stem 8-24". Lower leaves bright yellow, 0.3-0.4" long. Fruit upright, pressed smooth-edged & waxy. Petals yellow, 0.2-0.4" Flower yellow, gen > 0.8" long; mature bracts w/large terminal lobe, upper clasping stem. against stem. INVASIVE weed. long, stalk 0.3-1"; fruit beak > 0.4". INVASIVE flattened sideways, inflated in fruit. Petals bright yellow, 0.2-0.3" long. weed. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 35

WESTERN WALLFLOWER (Erysimum capitatum SHORTPOD MUSTARD (Hirschfeldia incana) YELLOW WATER CRESS (Rorippa curvisiliqua) HEDGE MUSTARD (Sisymbrium officinale) var. capitatum) Native Biennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Mustard Family - Native Annual-Biennial - Mustard Family - Naturalized Annual - Mustard Family - (Apr–Sep) (Mar–Sep) - Common. Open areas, woodland, (Apr–Oct) - Disturbed areas - Stem 16-60". (May–Oct) - Uncommon. Streambanks, marshy - Disturbed areas, fields, pastures - Stem 10-22" sandy areas, chaparral - Petals orange to yellow, Longest leaves 1.6-4" long, dense-hairy. Petals ground, seepage areas, mud flats, meadows - tall, thin, wiry. Petals 0.1-0.16" long, pale yellow. fruit 1-4.3" long. pale yellow, ~0.2" long. Fruit appressed. Stem spreading. Flowers yellow, stalks Fruit 0.4-0.55" long, awl-shaped, appressed. Fall-blooming. INVASIVE. 0.04-0.16" long.

COLCHITA (Acmispon brachycarpus) Native DEERWEED (Acmispon glaber var. glaber) CALIFORNIA LOTUS (Acmispon wrangelianus) CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - Abundant. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Aug) - Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - Grassland, oak and pine woodland, desert flats Chaparral, roadsides, coastal sands; common - Abundant. Coastal bluffs, chaparral, disturbed (Mar–Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, and mtns, roadsides - Soft, densely hairy, < 16" Often shrubby, leaflets 3-6, many clusters of 3-7 areas - Low growing. Flowers yellow aging red, streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem tall. Flower yellow, almost stemless, bract lobes stemless flowers, yellow fading to orange-red, 0.2-0.4" long, almost stemless. Bract lobes same 4-20". Flower yellow, 0.14-0.24" long. Spiny spiral 1-2x flower tube. 0.3-0.5" long. length as flower tube. fruits. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 36

SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized HOP CLOVER (Trifolium campestre) Naturalized LITTLE HOP CLOVER (Trifolium dubium) SHARP POINT FLUVELLIN (Kickxia elatine) Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr–Oct) - Open, Annual - Pea Family - (Apr–May) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Spring) - Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr–Oct) - disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, areas, roadsides - Flower heads 0.3-0.5" wide, Agricultural, disturbed areas, lawns - Heads Disturbed, open places - Plant low, sticky-hairy. 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. bright yellow, brown w/age, quickly reflexing. 0.16-0.3" wide. Flowers bright yellow, age brown, Some or all leaves arrow-shaped. Flowers yellow Flowers with lengthwise ridges. quickly reflex, smooth. or blue, with violet upper lip; 0.3-0.6" long.

WOOLLY MULLEIN (Verbascum thapsus) BROADLEAF STONECROP (Sedum BLOW WIVES (Achyrachaena mollis) Native GIANT NATIVE DANDELION (Agoseris Naturalized Biennial - Snapdragon Family - spathulifolium) Native Perennial - Stonecrop Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Jun) - grandiflora var. grandiflora) Native Perennial - (May–Sep) - Roadsides, streambanks, disturbed Family - (Apr–Aug) - Outcrops, often in shade - Common. Grassy sites, often clay soils - Plant Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Grassland, scrub, areas - Plant woolly lt-green. Stem 1-6.6' tall. Plant mat-forming. Basal leaves spoon-shaped, 2-24" tall, soft-hairy. Flowers yellow turning red, woodland - Plant 10-40". Leaf lobes point up. Leaves 2-20" long. Flowers yellow, 0.6-1" wide, forming persistent rosettes. Petals ~0.3" long, 0.1-0.5" wide, extend < 0.1" beyond green Flower rosy-purple, variable-sized bracts. Seed sticky. yellow. bracts. Showy, flat scales attached to seeds. tapers to beak > 2x body length. Leaf lobes point upward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 37

TOCALOTE (Centaurea melitensis) Naturalized YELLOW STAR-THISTLE (Centaurea solstitialis) FITCH SPIKEWEED (Centromadia fitchii) Native COMMON SPIKEWEED (Centromadia pungens Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Sunflower Family - (May–Nov) - subsp. pungens) Native Annual - Sunflower fields, open woodland - Plant 4-39", gray-hairy, (May–Oct) - Invasive, roadsides, disturbed Grassland, ± alkaline flats, vernal pools, Family - (Apr–Nov) - Grassland, saltbush scrub, resinous. Leaves 0.8-6" long. Flowers yellow, grassland or woodland - Plant 4-39" tall. Leaves woodland, disturbed sites, serpentine - Plant disturbed sites - Spiny. Leaves smooth or rough 0.4-0.8" long, bracts tipped w/purple spines. woolly, extend down the stem. Flower bract 2-20" tall. Leaves below flowers spiny, sticky. to the touch. NOXIOUS weed. spines 0.4-1" long. NOXIOUS weed.

BRASS-BUTTONS (Cotula coronopifolia) DANDELION-LEAF HAWKSBEARD (Crepis WESTERN GOLDENROD (Euthamia GREAT VALLEY GUMPLANT (Grindelia Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia) Naturalized occidentalis) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family camporum) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Dec) - Common. Saline and freshwater Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Oct) - - (Jul–Nov) - Marshes, streambanks, meadows - (May–Nov) - Sandy or saline bottomland, marshes, mud flats - Plant 2-16"+ tall, smooth, ± Sandy clearings, hillsides, disturbed places - Stem < 6.6', smooth. Leaves < 4" long, <= 0.24" roadsides - Stem non-woody, 2-8' tall, whitish. fleshy. Leaves linear to lance-shaped w/linear Plant 1-47" tall. Leaves dandelion-like. Fruit beak wide, w/dark glandular pits. Flowers yellow, rays Leaves gen resinous. Head to 1.2" wide, bracts teeth or lobes. INVASIVE. 0.1-0.2" long. 0.06-0.1" long. bend downward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 38

ROSILLA (Helenium puberulum) Native Biennial - DIABLO HELIANTHELLA (Helianthella castanea) BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca INLAND OREGON GOLDENASTER Sunflower Family - (Jun–Aug) - Streambanks, Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jun) - echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - (Heterotheca oregona var. rudis) Native seepage areas, lake margins - Plant 20-63". Open, grassy sites - Stem 4-20" tall. Leaves w/ 1 Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Flower head spherical, disk flowers ~0.1" long, pair of veins more distinct. Outer head bracts Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6.5' tall, bristly. Leaf Seasonally dry streambed - Plant 8-39" tall. yellow on sides, brown-purple on top; rays leaf-like, curl around head. CNPS: FAIRLY 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower Leaves on branches gen < 0.5" long, < 0.12" 0.15-0.4" long, point down. ENDANGERED. heads 0.8-1.6" wide. INVASIVE weed. wide, densely short-hairy. Flower heads rayless.

BRISTLY GOLDENASTER (Heterotheca HEERMANN TARPLANT (Holocarpha STICKY TARPLANT (Holocarpha virgata subsp. SMOOTH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris glabra) sessiliflora subsp. echioides) Native Perennial - heermannii) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - virgata) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Sunflower Family - (Jul–Oct) - Grassland, scrub, (May–Nov) - Grassland - Plant 0.2-1.2 m tall, (May–Nov) - Grassland - Plant 8-48" tall, (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, woodland, open forest, disturbed sites - Plant 2-7 densely very-short-hairy, glandular. Ray flowers gladular, not very-short-hairy. Heads small, at grassland, open woodland - Plant 4-24" tall, dm, bristly. Leaves flat, to 5 cm long, upper 3-13, yellow. Disk flowers yellow to brown. Yellow branch ends. Ray flowers 3-8; disk flowers 9-25, smooth. Rays 0.2-0.3" long, barely > head bracts. reduced. Head bracts not leafy. anthers. anthers black. Only inner fruit beaked. INVASIVE. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 39

ROUGH CAT'S-EAR (Hypochaeris radicata) WILLOW LETTUCE (Lactuca saligna) PRICKLY LETTUCE (Lactuca serriola) COMMON HARE-LEAF (Lagophylla Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - ramosissima) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jul) - Disturbed areas, grassland, open (Jul–Nov) - Roadsides, grassland - Stem 12-39" (May–Oct) - Abundant. Disturbed places - Stem (Apr–Oct) - Grassland, openings in scrub, woodland - Plant 4-32" tall, rough-hairy. Rays tall. Leaf lobes entire or few-toothed, no prickles 1.6-10' tall, prickly-bristly. Leaves deeply-lobed, woodland, forest - Plant 4-40" tall. Leaves hairy, 0.4-0.6" long, well exceeding head bracts. Fruits underneath. Flowers 5-12, pale yellow, open in midvein and edges prickly-bristly. Flowers pale often sticky, to 4.7" long. Rays yellow, 0.12-0.24" all beaked. INVASIVE weed. morning. yellow, 0.16-0.2" wide. long.

CALIFORNIA GOLDFIELDS (Lasthenia TIDY-TIPS (Layia platyglossa) Native Annual - PLUMP-SEED TARWEED (Madia anomala) GUMWEED (Madia gracilis) Native Annual - californica subsp. californica) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jul) - Many habitats - Native Annual - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Jun) - Sunflower Family - (Apr–Aug) - Open, Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jun) - Many habitats - Plant 1-28" tall, sticky. Leaves narrow. Ray Openings in woodland or chaparral - Plant 8-20" semi-shaded or disturbed sites, many habitats, Stem < 16" tall, hairy. Leaves 0.3-2.8" long, flowers 0.1-0.8" long, yellow w/white tips. Disk tall. Leaf 0.8-4" long, linear. Rays green-yellow, incl serpentine - Plant 2.4-40" tall, hairy, upper <0.25" wide, smooth edged. Head bracts 4-13, anthers gen dark purple. 3-8, 0.12-0.18" long, anthers dark purple. Ray half sticky. Leaf 0.4-4" long. Rays yellow, 3-10, not joined. Rays 0.2-0.7" long. fruits dark, round x-section. 0.06-0.3" long. Bracts 6-10 mm tall. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 40

COAST TARWEED (Madia sativa) Native Annual PINEAPPLE WEED (Matricaria discoidea) DOUGLAS SILVERPUFFS (Microseris douglasii CUPPED MONOLOPIA (Monolopia major) Native - Sunflower Family - (May–Oct) - Grassy, open, Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. douglasii) Native Annual - Sunflower Annual - Sunflower Family - (Feb–Jul) - or disturbed sites - Plant 3.5-10 dm, hairy, all (Feb–Aug) - Abundant. Disturbed sites, Family - (Mar–Jun) - Grassland, near vernal Grassland, bare clay - Plant 2-32" tall. Rays glandular. Leaf 0.8-7.1" long, 0.1-0.7" wide. Rays riverbanks - Plant 4-12" tall, sweet-scented. pools or serpentine - Plant 2-24". Leaf 1.2-10". 0.3-0.8" long, 3-lobed, yellow to cream. Head green-yellow, 8-13, 0.06-0.16" long. Head bracts Heads pineapple-shaped, ~ 0.4" wide; head stalk Pappus scales <= 5, 0.04-0.24" long. Fruit widest bracts 0.3-0.5" long, fused into a cup w/triangular 0.24-0.6" tall. to 0.6" long. at tip. lobes.

COTTON-BATTING PLANT (Pseudognaphalium COMMON GROUNDSEL (Senecio vulgaris) CALIFORNIA GOLDENROD (Solidago velutina PRICKLY SOW THISTLE (Sonchus asper subsp. stramineum) Native Annual - Sunflower Family - Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - subsp. californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower asper) Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–Aug) - Many habitats, dunes, chaparral (Feb–Jul) - Common. Disturbed areas - Plant Family - (May–Nov) - Woodland margins, (All year) - Common. Slightly moist disturbed slopes, roadsides - Heads 0.16-0.2" long, female 4-24" tall, not hairy, w/1-10+ stems. Flower head grassland, disturbed soils - Stem 8-60" tall. Gen sites, along streams - Plant 4-48". Leaf teeth flowers > 0.08" long, pappus bristles free. bracts with black-tips. Milky sap. densely short-soft-hairy. Flower cluster height prickly. Basal lobes of upper leaves rounded, 2-4x width. curving downward. Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 41

COMMON SOW THISTLE (Sonchus oleraceus) COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) SILVERPUFFS (Uropappus lindleyi) Native NARROW-LEAVED MULE'S EARS (Wyethia Naturalized Annual - Sunflower Family - (All year) Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family Annual - Sunflower Family - (Mar–May) - angustifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Abundant. Disturbed places - Plant 4-55" tall. - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - Common. Open grassland, woodland, chaparral, - (Apr–Aug) - Grassland - Plant 4-35" tall, Leaf teeth soft to touch. Basal lobes of upper Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp deserts, gen in loose soils - Heads pale yellow, rough-hairy. Leaves narrow, veins all similar, leaves sharply pointed, straight to curving down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. never nod. Outer head bracts always > 1/4 inner base blades 4-20" long. Ray flowers 0.6-1.8" upward. Fruit ~ brown. length. Pappus scale notched. long.

GRAY MULE'S EARS (Wyethia helenioides) JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (Viola pedunculata) Native MOJAVE DESERT CALIFORNIA BUCKWHEAT RED-FLOWERING CURRANT (Ribes Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Perennial - Violet Family - (Feb–Apr) - Open, (Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium) - Native sanguineum var. glutinosum) Native Perennial - (Mar–May(Aug)) - Open grassland, woodland, grassy slopes, hillsides, chaparral, oak woodland, Perennial - Buckwheat Family - (All year) - Sand, Gooseberry Family - (Feb–Apr) - Many habitats - scrub - Plant 8-28" tall, densely woolly, often gen full sun - Plant 2-15" tall. No basal leaves. gravel or rocks - NOT IN THE EAST BAY - Shrub < 13' tall, no prickles. Sepals pink to white. becoming smooth. Some woolly hairs remain on Petals gold-yellow, lower 3 brown-veined, upper FOUND IN CARNEGIE CANYON. Petals white to red, ~0.1" long. Styles smooth. leaf stalks and floral bracts. 2 red-brown on back. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 42

HAIRY VINE HONEYSUCKLE (Lonicera SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos albus var. CREEPING SNOWBERRY (Symphoricarpos BLUE WITCH (Solanum umbelliferum) Native hispidula) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family laevigatus) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle mollis) Native Perennial - Honeysuckle Family - Perennial - Nightshade Family - (All year) - - (May–Jun) - Canyons, streamsides, woodland - Family - (May–Jul) - Shady woodland, (Apr–May) - Ridges, slopes, open places in Shrubland, mixed-evergreen forest, woodland - Shrub sprawling-climbing, 6-10' long, short-hairy. streambanks, N. slopes - Shrub 20-71" tall. woodland - Shrub 6-24" tall, sprawling. Flowers < Plant gen < 39", upper stem hairs branched, Flower cluster densely sticky. Flowers pink, Flowers > 8/cluster, pink, 0.16-0.24" long, 8/cluster, pink + often red outside, 0.16" long, dense. Flowers 0.6-1" wide, purple, with green 0.5-0.6" long, sticky-hairy. bell-shaped, swollen on 1 side. bell-shaped, symetrical. spots at the base.

BUSH LUPINE (Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons) BAY AREA SILVER LUPINE (Lupinus albifrons CALIFORNIA ROSE (Rosa californica) Native WOOD ROSE (Rosa gymnocarpa var. Native Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar–Jun) - var. collinus) Native Perennial - Pea Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Nov) - Gen ± gymnocarpa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Common. Chaparral, foothill woodland - Shrub (Mar–Jun) - Cliffs, forest openings - Subshrub moist areas in sun, esp streambanks - Shrub ((Feb)Apr–Jul) - Common. Gen in shade of 2-16' tall, gen distinct trunk, green to silvery. 8-16" tall, woody only at base, silvery. Flowers 2.6-8.2' tall w/thick curved spines, forming forest, scrub - Shrub w/straight thorns. Flowers Flowers 0.35-0.6" long, purple, banner back 0.35-0.6" long, violet to lavender. thickets. Petals pink, 0.6-1" long; sepals unlobed. gen solitary, stalks sticky, fruit smooth, sepals hairy, keel top ciliate mid to tip. deciduous. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 43

WHITE ALDER (Alnus rhombifolia) Native CALIFORNIA COFFEE BERRY (Frangula COAST LIVE OAK (Quercus agrifolia var. BLUE OAK (Quercus douglasii) Native Perennial Perennial - Birch Family - (Apr–Jun) - Along californica subsp. californica) Native Perennial - agrifolia) Native Perennial - Oak Family - - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - Dry slopes, interior permanent streams - Tree. Leaves flat, not rusty Buckthorn Family - (May–Jul) - Coastal-sage (Mar–Apr) - Valleys, slopes, mixed-evergreen foothills, woodland - Tree 20-66', deciduous. Bark underneath, margins serrate, not rolled under. scrub, chaparral, forest, woodland - Shrub < 16' forest, woodland - Tree 30-80'. Leaves convex, checkered into scales. Leaves 1.2-2.4" long, Female flowers cone-like. Wood used for tall. Flowers greenish. Leaves smooth beneath. hair-tuft below in vein axils. Acorns on 1st year bluish green, unlobed to shallowly lobed, lacking furniture and for smoking meats. twigs, shell glabrous inside. bristles.

CALIFORNIA BLACK OAK (Quercus kelloggii) VALLEY OAK (Quercus lobata) Native Perennial GRAY PINE (Pinus sabiniana) Native Perennial - BIG-LEAF MAPLE (Acer macrophyllum) Native Native Perennial - Oak Family - (Apr–May) - - Oak Family - (Mar–Apr) - Slopes, valleys, Pine Family - - - Foothill woodland, n oak Perennial - Soapberry Family - (Mar–Jun) - Slopes, valleys, woodland, conifer forest - Tree < savanna - Tree < 115' tall, deciduous. Leaves woodland, chaparral, infertile soils in Common. Streambanks, canyons - Tree < 100'. 80', deciduous. Leaves 3.5-8" long, supple, 2-5" long, not leathery, deeply lobed, lobes mixed-conifer and hardwood forests - Tree < 125' Leaves 5-lobed, 3-6" long, 4-10" wide. Group of deeply-lobed, lobes bristle-tipped. without bristles. Acorns 1.2-2" long, slender, cup tall. Needles in 3s, 3.5-15" long, gray-green. 20-90 hanging flowers appear after leaves. 0.4-1.2" deep. Cone brownish, seed > wing. Winged seeds. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 44

WESTERN POISON OAK (Toxicodendron CALIFORNIA SAGEBRUSH (Artemisia N. CALIFORNIA BLACK WALNUT (Juglans FREMONT COTTONWOOD (Populus fremontii diversilobum) Native Perennial - Sumac Family - californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - hindsii) Native Perennial - Walnut Family - subsp. fremontii) Native Perennial - Willow Family (Apr–Jun) - Canyons, slopes, chaparral, coastal (Aug–Nov) - Coastal scrub, chaparral, open (Apr–May) - Along streams, disturbed slopes - - (Mar–Apr) - Scattered. Alluvial bottomland, scrub, oak woodland - Shrub or vine. Leaflets 3, woodland - Shrub 2-8.5' tall, rounded. Leaves Tree 20-75'. Leaflets 13-21, 3-5". Fruit 1.4-2" streamsides - Tree < 66' tall. Leaves red in fall, mid leaflet stalked. Flowers green. 0.4-4", hairy, thread-like, lt green to gray. Flower wide. CNPS: SERIOUSLY ENDANGERED heart-shaped to triangular, coarsely scalloped, Fruits white. TOXIC. heads < 5 mm wide. Sage-scented. (unplanted). blade 1.2-2.8" long.

WESTERN SYCAMORE (Platanus racemosa) CHAPARRAL CLEMATIS (Clematis lasiantha) WESTERN VIRGIN'S BOWER (Clematis HILLSIDE GOOSEBERRY (Ribes californicum Native Perennial - Sycamore Family - (Feb–Apr) - Native Perennial - Buttercup Family - (Jan–Jun) - ligusticifolia) Native Perennial - Buttercup Family var. californicum) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Common. Streamsides, canyons, arroyos - Tree Hillsides, chaparral, open woodland - Woody - (Jun–Sep) - Along streams, wet places - Family - (Feb–Mar) - Forest openings, woodland - 33-115' tall. Bark peeling pale. Leaf blades 4-10" vine. Leaflets 3-5, +-3-lobed. Flowers gen 1, in Leaflets 5-15, irregularly lobed. Flowers many, in Shrub < 5' tall. Leaf blades 0.4-1.2" long, not long, palmately lobed, smooth to hairy above, spring; sepals white to cream, 0.4-0.8" long. fall. Sepals white to cream, 0.2-0.24" long. sticky. Sepals greenish, petals 0.12" long, white. short-woolly under. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 45

CANYON GOOSEBERRY (Ribes menziesii var. PACIFIC MADRONE (Arbutus menziesii) Native BIG-BERRY MANZANITA (Arctostaphylos BLUE ELDERBERRY (Sambucus nigra subsp. menziesii) Native Perennial - Gooseberry Family Perennial - Heath Family - (Mar–May) - Conifer, glauca) Native Perennial - Heath Family - caerulea) Native Perennial - Muskroot Family - - (Feb–Apr) - Common. Forest openings, oak forests - Tree < 130' tall, evergreen, peeling (Dec–Mar) - Rocky slopes, chaparral, woodland - (Mar–Sep) - Common. Streambanks, open chaparral - Shrub < 10', prickly. Leaves sticky red bark. Leaf blades < 5" long. Flowers Shrub-small tree, 3-26' tall. Twigs glabrous. places in forest - Shrub 7-26' tall. Flower cluster below. Styles glabrous, anthers exserted, sepals yellow-white or pink, < 3.1" long. Berries red, < Leaves smooth, waxy-white. Flower stalk 0.3-0.4" flat-topped, 1.6-13" diam, petals spreading. Fruits purplish. 0.5" diam, round. long, sticky-hairy. waxy blue-black.

BLUE GUM (Eucalyptus globulus) Naturalized CHAMISE (Adenostoma fasciculatum var. UTAH SERVICE-BERRY (Amelanchier CHRISTMAS BERRY / TOYON (Heteromeles Perennial - Myrtle Family - (Oct–Jan) - Common. fasciculatum) Native Perennial - Rose Family - utahensis) Native Perennial - Rose Family - arbutifolia) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Disturbed areas - Tree < 200' tall. Flowers single, (May–Jun) - Dry slopes, ridges, chaparral - Shrub (Apr–Jun) - Open, rocky slopes, canyons, banks ((May)Jun–Aug) - Chaparral, oak woodland, large, gen stemless. Leaves 4-12" long, 1-1.6" or small tree < 13' tall. Flowers cream to white. of creeks, deserts, conifer forest - Shrub-small mixed-evergreen forest - Shrub-tree < 33' tall, wide; used medicinally by Aboriginals. INVASIVE Leaves narrow, shiny with flammable oils in warm tree 2-16'. Leaves deciduous, toothed along outer evergreen. Leaf 2-4" long. Petals white, < 0.16" weed. weather. half of blade. long. Fruit bright red. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 46

OCEANSPRAY (Holodiscus discolor var. OSO BERRY (Oemleria cerasiformis) Native PACIFIC NINEBARK (Physocarpus capitatus) WESTERN CHOKE CHERRY (Prunus virginiana discolor) Native Perennial - Rose Family - Perennial - Rose Family - (Feb–Apr) - Chaparral, Native Perennial - Rose Family - (May–Jul) - var. demissa) Native Perennial - Rose Family - (May–Aug) - Moist woodland edges, rocky slopes canyons, streambanks, lowland wet to dry open Moist banks, n-facing slopes, mixed-conifer forest (May–Jun) - Rocky slopes, canyons, scrubland, - Shrub 5-20' tall. Leaf blade 0.6-3.1" long, woodland, coast to shaded conifer forest - Shrub - Shrub 3.3-8'. Leaf blades gen < 4" wide, 3-5 oak/pine woodland - Shrub/tree < 20'. Leaf blade toothed at end. Flower cluster 0.8-10" long. 3-20'. Leaf 2-5" long. Flower cluster 1.2-4". Petals lobed. Petals white, ~0.1" long. Fruits reddish, 1.2-4" long. Flowers 18+, petals white, 0.16-0.3" Petals white, ~0.07" long. white, 0.12-0.24". 0.3-0.4" long. long.

HIMALAYAN BLACKBERRY (Rubus THIMBLEBERRY (Rubus parviflorus) Native CALIFORNIA BLACKBERRY (Rubus ursinus) CALIFORNIA BUCKEYE (Aesculus californica) armeniacus) Naturalized Perennial - Rose Family Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Aug) - Common; Native Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–Jul) - Native Perennial - Soapberry Family - (May–Jun) - (Mar–Jun) - Common. Disturbed areas, moist semi-shaded areas, esp edges of Open, disturbed areas - Stem round, - Dry slopes, canyons, borders of streams - Large roadsides - Shrub w/thorny 5-angled stem. woodland - Shrub 0.5-2 m tall, not prickly. Petals bristly/prickly. Leaves simple to 3 leaflets, shrub or tree 13-39' tall. 5-7 leaflets. Flowers Leaflets 3-5, white-hairy beneath. Blackberry-type 0.5-0.9" long, white. Leaves simple, 3-5 lobed. underside green. Plants unisexual. Petals white to pale rose. Large seeds toxic but edible fruit. INVASIVE. Raspberry-type fruit. 0.24-0.6" long, white. Blackberry-type fruit. after leaching out saponins. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - White Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 47

PEPPER TREE (Schinus molle) Naturalized COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. MULE FAT (Baccharis salicifolia subsp. HOLLYLEAF REDBERRY (Rhamnus ilicifolia) Perennial - Sumac Family - (Jun–Aug) - Washes, consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower salicifolia) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Native Perennial - Buckthorn Family - (Mar–Jun) - slopes, abandoned fields - Tree 16-60' tall. Family - (Jul–Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, (All year) - Riparian woodland, canyon bottoms, Chaparral, montane forest - Shrub < 13' tall, Flowers white to yellow. Leaves compound, grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - disturbed sites, often forming thickets - Shrub < evergreen w/stiff branches. Leaf blades 0.8-1.6" leaflets stemless. Fruits pink to red, 0.2-0.3" Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen 13' tall, often sticky. Leaves to 6" long, with 1-3 long, toothed. Fruits 0.2-0.3" wide, red. diam. 0.6-1.6" long. main veins.

CALIFORNIA BAY (Umbellularia californica) BUSH MONKEYFLOWER (Mimulus aurantiacus TREE TOBACCO (Nicotiana glauca) Naturalized BIRCH-LEAF MOUNTAIN-MAHOGANY Native Perennial - Laurel Family - (Nov–May) - var. aurantiacus) Native Perennial - Lopseed Perennial - Nightshade Family - (Apr–Aug) - (Cercocarpus betuloides var. betuloides) Native Common. Canyons, valleys, chaparral - Tree < Family - (Mar–Jun) - Disturbed areas, coastal Open, disturbed flats or slopes - Shrub or small Perennial - Rose Family - (Mar–May) - Dry, rocky 150' tall. Leaf 1.2-4", 0.6-1.2" wide, aromatic. cliffs, canyon sides - Shrub 4-60". Flowers yellow, tree, waxy-blue. Leaves 2-8" long. Flowers slopes, chaparral - Shrub 3-10'. Leaf 0.4-1" long, Cluster of 5-10 small, yellow or yellow-green orange or red; 1-2.3" long; bract tube glabrous. yellow, 1.2-1.4" long. INVASIVE. TOXIC to end toothed. Flower 0.16-0.3" wide. Hairy fruit flowers. Fruit 0.8-1" diam. livestock. styles 2-3.5" long. Revision: 3/2/2014 Woody - Yellow Wild Plants of Sunol Regional Wilderness - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 48

GOLDEN-YARROW (Eriophyllum confertiflorum CALIFORNIA MATCHWEED (Gutierrezia HINDS' WILLOW (Salix exigua var. hindsiana) RED WILLOW (Salix laevigata) Native Perennial var. confertiflorum) Native Perennial - Sunflower californica) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Apr–May) - - Willow Family - (Dec–Jun) - Common. Family - (Apr–Aug) - Many dry habitats - (Jul–Nov) - Grassland, arid woodland and Common. Floodplains, sandy gravel - Shrub or Riverbanks, seepage areas, lakeshores, canyons Shrubby, 8-28" tall. Leaves 0.4-2" long, deeply shrubland, serpentine - Stem 8-40" long, woody tree < 17' tall. Leaf blades 1.2-6" long, linear, - Tree bark fissured. Leaf lanceolate, glaucous 3-5 lobed. Flowers yellow; rays 4-6, 0.08-0.2" base. Leaf narrow, flat, <= 2" long. Ray flowers mature dense soft-hairy below. Ovary hairy. below, gen w/stalk glands. Stamens 5. Fruit long; head bracts 4-7. 4-13, 0.1-0.3" long. glabrous.

ARROYO WILLOW (Salix lasiolepis) Native Perennial - Willow Family - (Jan–Jun) - Common. Shores, marshes, meadows, etc - Shrub-tree, bark smooth. Leaf-like stipules. Leaf egg-shaped, waxy below. Fruit smooth, bract persistent, dark, stamens 2. Notes:

Decimal Inches

.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 .5 2 .5 3 .5 4 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 8 .5 9

1/8 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1/2 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 5 1/2 6 1/2 7 1/2 8 1/2 9 English Inches

Notes: