Grand Coulee Dam Columbia River –Central Washington

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Grand Coulee Dam Columbia River –Central Washington Becky Brosz Objectives ► Irrigation Original goal More than half a million acres of farmland ► Hydropower 24 generators - up to 6.8 GW ► Flood control Regulates highly variable flows in Columbia River Owners & Financing ► Managgyed by U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Department of the Interior Columbia Irrigation Project ► State of Washington $377,000 (1933 ► Franklin D . Roosevelt $63 million (1933) Public Works Administration Technical Description ► Gravity Dam ► 5223 feet long ► 440 feet thick at the base ► 550 f eet high ► 11,975,521 cubic yards of concrete ► Nine million acreacre--feetfeet of water Technical Challenges ► Getting enough materials The railroad hauled ► over twelve million barrels of cement (46,500 carloads) ► 77 millioopoudsoen pounds of reinfo ocgrcing steel ► and ten million pounds of steel for the penstocks ► Excavating earth 2 mi long conveyor belt ► Cold weather Steam through pipes in wet concrete to keep from freezing ► Hot weather 2000 mi of cooling pipes Technical Successes ► Pumping Plant 6 – 65,000 hp pumps 6 – 67,500 hp pumps 12 - 12 ft diameter pipes 1,600 –2– 2,,p000 cu ft per second When reversed – 50 MW each ► Largest concrete structure in the United States ► Fourth largest hydropower producer in the world ► Largest hydropower producer in the U.S. (6.8 GW) Benefits & Disbenefits ► Benefits Hydropower Flood Protection Tourism Irrigation Jobs ► Disbenefits Salmon Steelhead Colville Native Americans Project Now ► Electricity generated has returned over $4 billion ► Tourist attraction - laser shows, fireworks ► Effor ts for fis h – hthhatcheri es, t ransport tb by truc k Remarkable Traits ► Woody Guthrie – folk singer hired by government to write pro-dam propaganda (26 songs) ► Wippyed out more salmon than any single structure in American history. ► Colville Native Americans – fighting for money (15-25%, $62 - $103 million annually) ► Been called the 8th Wonder of the World Questions.

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Gills Coulee Creek, 2006 [PDF]
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Watershed Management Sediment TMDL for Gills Coulee Creek INTRODUCTION Gills Coulee Creek is a tributary stream to the La Crosse River, located in La Crosse County in west central Wisconsin. (Figure A-1) The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) placed the entire length of Gills Coulee Creek on the state’s 303(d) impaired waters list as low priority due to degraded habitat caused by excessive sedimentation. The Clean Water Act and US EPA regulations require that each state develop Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for waters on the Section 303(d) list. The purpose of this TMDL is to identify load allocations and management actions that will help restore the biological integrity of the stream. Waterbody TMDL Impaired Existing Codified Pollutant Impairment Priority WBIC Name ID Stream Miles Use Use Gills Coulee 0-1 Cold II Degraded 1652300 168 WWFF Sediment High Creek 1-5 Cold III Habitat Table 1. Gills Coulee use designations, pollutants, and impairments PROBLEM STATEMENT Due to excessive sedimentation, Gills Coulee Creek is currently not meeting applicable narrative water quality criterion as defined in NR 102.04 (1); Wisconsin Administrative Code: “To preserve and enhance the quality of waters, standards are established to govern water management decisions. Practices attributable to municipal, industrial, commercial, domestic, agricultural, land development, or other activities shall be controlled so that all waters including mixing zone and effluent channels meet the following conditions at all times and under all flow conditions: (a) Substances that will cause objectionable deposits on the shore or in the bed of a body of water, shall not be present in such amounts as to interfere with public rights in waters of the state.
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