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New Approaches to the Conservation of Rare Arable Plants in Germany
26. Deutsche Arbeitsbesprechung über Fragen der Unkrautbiologie und -bekämpfung, 11.-13. März 2014 in Braunschweig New approaches to the conservation of rare arable plants in Germany Neue Ansätze zum Artenschutz gefährdeter Ackerwildpflanzen in Deutschland Harald Albrecht1*, Julia Prestele2, Sara Altenfelder1, Klaus Wiesinger2 and Johannes Kollmann1 1Lehrstuhl für Renaturierungsökologie, Emil-Ramann-Str. 6, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Deutschland 2Institut für Ökologischen Landbau, Bodenkultur und Ressourcenschutz, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft (LfL), Lange Point 12, 85354 Freising, Deutschland *Korrespondierender Autor, [email protected] DOI 10.5073/jka.2014.443.021 Zusammenfassung Der rasante technische Fortschritt der Landwirtschaft während der letzten Jahrzehnte hat einen dramatischen Rückgang seltener Ackerwildpflanzen verursacht. Um diesem Rückgang Einhalt zu gebieten, wurden verschiedene Artenschutzkonzepte wie das Ackerrandstreifenprogramm oder das aktuelle Programm ‘100 Äcker für die Vielfalt’ entwickelt. Für Sand- und Kalkäcker sind geeignete Bewirtschaftungsmethoden zur Erhaltung seltener Arten inzwischen gut erforscht. Für saisonal vernässte Ackerflächen, die ebenfalls viele seltene Arten aufweisen können, ist dagegen wenig über naturschutzfachlich geeignet Standortfaktoren und Bewirtschaftungsmethoden bekannt. Untersuchungen an sieben zeitweise überstauten Ackersenken bei Parstein (Brandenburg) zeigten, dass das Überstauungsregime und insbesondere die Dauer der Überstauung die Artenzusammensetzung -
Plant Pollinator Networks Along a Gradient of Urbanisation Benoît Geslin, Benoit Gauzens, Elisa Thebault, Isabelle Dajoz
Plant Pollinator Networks along a Gradient of Urbanisation Benoît Geslin, Benoit Gauzens, Elisa Thebault, Isabelle Dajoz To cite this version: Benoît Geslin, Benoit Gauzens, Elisa Thebault, Isabelle Dajoz. Plant Pollinator Networks along a Gra- dient of Urbanisation. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2013, 8 (5), pp.e63421. 10.1371/jour- nal.pone.0063421. hal-01620226 HAL Id: hal-01620226 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01620226 Submitted on 20 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Plant Pollinator Networks along a Gradient of Urbanisation Benoıˆt Geslin1,3,4*, Benoit Gauzens1, Elisa The´bault1, Isabelle Dajoz1,2 1 Laboratoire Bioge´ochimie et E´cologie des Milieux Continentaux UMR 7618, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris,ˆ Ile-de-France, France, 2 Universite´ Paris Diderot, Paris,ˆ Ile-de-France, France, 3 Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris,ˆ Ile-de-France, France, 4 E´cole Normale Supe´rieure, Paris,ˆ Ile-de-France, France Abstract Background: Habitat loss is one of the principal causes of the current pollinator decline. With agricultural intensification, increasing urbanisation is among the main drivers of habitat loss. -
Etude Sur L'origine Et L'évolution Des Variations Florales Chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) À Travers La Morphologie, L'anatomie Et La Tératologie
Etude sur l'origine et l'évolution des variations florales chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) à travers la morphologie, l'anatomie et la tératologie : 2019SACLS126 : NNT Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay préparée à l'Université Paris-Sud ED n°567 : Sciences du végétal : du gène à l'écosystème (SDV) Spécialité de doctorat : Biologie Thèse présentée et soutenue à Paris, le 29/05/2019, par Felipe Espinosa Moreno Composition du Jury : Bernard Riera Chargé de Recherche, CNRS (MECADEV) Rapporteur Julien Bachelier Professeur, Freie Universität Berlin (DCPS) Rapporteur Catherine Damerval Directrice de Recherche, CNRS (Génétique Quantitative et Evolution Le Moulon) Présidente Dario De Franceschi Maître de Conférences, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (CR2P) Examinateur Sophie Nadot Professeure, Université Paris-Sud (ESE) Directrice de thèse Florian Jabbour Maître de conférences, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (ISYEB) Invité Etude sur l'origine et l'évolution des variations florales chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) à travers la morphologie, l'anatomie et la tératologie Remerciements Ce manuscrit présente le travail de doctorat que j'ai réalisé entre les années 2016 et 2019 au sein de l'Ecole doctorale Sciences du végétale: du gène à l'écosystème, à l'Université Paris-Saclay Paris-Sud et au Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Même si sa réalisation a impliqué un investissement personnel énorme, celui-ci a eu tout son sens uniquement et grâce à l'encadrement, le soutien et l'accompagnement de nombreuses personnes que je remercie de la façon la plus sincère. Je remercie très spécialement Florian Jabbour et Sophie Nadot, mes directeurs de thèse. -
Impoverishment of the Arable Flora of Central Germany During the Past 50 Years: a Multiple-Scale Analysis
Impoverishment of the arable flora of central Germany during the past 50 years: a multiple-scale analysis Dr. Stefan Meyer Georg-August-University Göttingen Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences Plant Ecology /Vegetation Analysis OUTLINE ► Drivers in agroecosystems ► Changes on multiple scales ► Needs - Outlook Sanctuary fields on calcareous sites in Brandenburg (left) and Legousia speculum-veneris (right) Stefan Meyer 2 of 30 28.10.2016 STATUS QUO Arable land dominating land-use type in Europe (Stoate et al. 2009) Germany: half of the country area = agricultural land (DESTATIS 2014) ~4 Mio. ha (11.5%) grassland/pastures – ~12 Mio. ha (35%) arable land High pressure on arable land! Stefan Meyer 3 of 30 28.10.2016 STATUS QUO Trends in agriculture à European Union subsidy system à Farmers produce on a global market base (milk, meat) à Family farm systems vanishing à Overproduction (waste!) © Heinrich Böll Stiftung Stefan Meyer 4 of 30 28.10.2016 STATUS QUO ► intensive (conventional) agriculture requires high energy use (pesticides, synthetic fertilizers), tight crop rotations, low crop species diversity…. Area [%] Year (Leuschner, Meyer et al. 2013) à increasing yields (e.g. winter wheat 2.5 higher than in the 1950s) Stefan Meyer 5 of 30 28.10.2016 STATUS QUO ► Strong plant diversity losses on arable sites by agricultural intensification (BIRDS: Stoate et al. 2009, FLORA: Meyer et al. 2013) (Storkey, Meyer et al. 2012 – Proc. Royal Soc. B 279: 1421-1429) CH GER AUT CZ DEN BEL IRL UK à with each ton more produced wheat 10 arable plants become endangered! Stefan Meyer 6 of 30 28.10.2016 INTRODUCTION Strong plant diversity losses in arable habitats by agricultural intensification (Stoate et al. -
The Mallows of Ohio
Feb., 1912.] The Mallows of Ohio. 465 THE MALLOWS OF OHIO. MARY B. LINNELL. MALVACEAE Mallow Family. Mucilaginous, innocent herbs or shrubs with alternate, pal- mately-veined leaves and small deciduous stipules. Flowers hypogynous, regular, often large and showy, usually bisporangiate; calyx usually of 5 sepals more or less united, often with bracts at the base; corolla of 5 petals, convolute; andrecium of numerous stamens, the filaments united into a tube around the gynecium and also united with the base of the petals; ovulary with several cavities, styles united below, distinct above; stigmas usually as many as the cavities of the ovulary. Fruit a capsule with several cavities; the carpels falling away entire or else loculicidally dehiscent. Synopsis of Genera. I. Stamen-column anther-bearing at the tip; carpels 5-20 in a ring around a prominent central axis from which they separate when ripe. A. Carpels 1-seeded. 1. Flowers bisporangiate. (1) Stigmas linear, on the inner face of the styles. a. Involucre of 1-3 bracts. (a) Carpels beakless; petals obcordate. Malva. (b) Carpels beaked; petals truncate. Callirrhoe. b. Involucre of 6-9 bracts. Althaea. (2) Stigmas terminal, capitate. Sida. 2. Flowers monosporangiate, diecious. Napaea. B. Carpels 2—several seeded. Abutilon. II. Stamen-column naked at the 5-toothed tip; carpels forming a loculi- cidal capsule. A. Involucre of many bracts. Hibiscus. Key. 1. Flowers without an involucre. 2. 1. Flowers with involucre below the calyx. 4. 2. 'Leaves not lobed; flowers bisporangiate. 3. 2. Leaves deeply lobed; flowers diecious. Napaea. 3. Leaves broadly cordate, abruptly acuminate. Abutilon. -
Hungary in Summer
Hungary in Summer Naturetrek Tour Report 9 – 16 August 2016 Keeled Skimmer by Clive Pickton Crested Lark by Gerard Gorman Geometrician by Paul Harmes White-tailed Skimmer by Clive Pickton Report by Gerard Gorman & Paul Harmes. Images by Gerard Gorman, Clive Pickton & Paul Harmes Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Hungary in Summer Tour Leaders: Paul Harmes (leader), Gerard Gorman(Local Guide & Tour manager & Driver: Norbert With eight Naturetrek clients Day 1 Tuesday 9th August Fly Heathrow to Budapest – Transfer to the Kiskunsag.Area Eight group members met with Paul at London’s Heathrow, Terminal 3 for the 8.50am British Airways flight BA866 to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International (formerly Ferihegy) Airport. On arrival we completed immigration formalities, collected our luggage and made our way to the arrivals hall where we were met by Gerard, our local guide, and Norbert, our driver for the week. Before very long, Norbert had loaded our luggage into the bus, and we were on our way south towards the Kiskunsag National Park. After about an hour we passed through the village of Bugyi, making a stop to see nesting White Stork. Moving on south, we recorded Red-backed Shrike, Common Kestrel and Western Marsh Harrier, before stopping at country store at Szittyourbo. Here we had a snack lunch and local coffee, and got our first look at this sandy habitat. Essex Skipper, Meadow Brown and Chestnut Heath butterflies were seen, as well as Straw Belle and Rose-banded Wave moths. -
Gymnaconitum, a New Genus of Ranunculaceae Endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
TAXON 62 (4) • August 2013: 713–722 Wang & al. • Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae Gymnaconitum, a new genus of Ranunculaceae endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Wei Wang,1 Yang Liu,2 Sheng-Xiang Yu,1 Tian-Gang Gao1 & Zhi-Duan Chen1 1 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Wei Wang, [email protected] Abstract The monophyly of traditional Aconitum remains unresolved, owing to the controversial systematic position and taxonomic treatment of the monotypic, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau endemic A. subg. Gymnaconitum. In this study, we analyzed two datasets using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods: (1) two markers (ITS, trnL-F) of 285 Delphinieae species, and (2) six markers (ITS, trnL-F, trnH-psbA, trnK-matK, trnS-trnG, rbcL) of 32 Delphinieae species. All our analyses show that traditional Aconitum is not monophyletic and that subgenus Gymnaconitum and a broadly defined Delphinium form a clade. The SOWH tests also reject the inclusion of subgenus Gymnaconitum in traditional Aconitum. Subgenus Gymnaconitum markedly differs from other species of Aconitum and other genera of tribe Delphinieae in many non-molecular characters. By integrating lines of evidence from molecular phylogeny, divergence times, morphology, and karyology, we raise the mono- typic A. subg. Gymnaconitum to generic status. Keywords Aconitum; Delphinieae; Gymnaconitum; monophyly; phylogeny; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Ranunculaceae; SOWH test Supplementary Material The Electronic Supplement (Figs. S1–S8; Appendices S1, S2) and the alignment files are available in the Supplementary Data section of the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax). -
Malvaceae Mallow Family
Malvaceae mallow family A large family, it includes prized ornamentals such as hibiscus and the textile cotton. Nova Scotia has but Page | 666 two genera of the 75 known. Ours are escaped garden flowers and weedy ruderals. The hollyhock, a much-loved flower, is cultivated locally. Typical of the more than 1000 species, are flowers with numerous stamens, united to form a tube around the pistil. Petals are large and showy, delicate in texture. Key Leaves cordate and merely toothed, not lobed; ovules (seeds) 2 or more per Abutilon carpel. Leaves serrated, variously palmately divided; ovules (seeds) 1 per carpel. Malva Abutilon Miller velvet-leaf A warm-temperate genus, we have a single species out of more than 100, in NS. Ours is an adventive in sandy soils of gardens and fallow fields. Broadly cordate leaves are densely white tomentose, alternating along the stems. Yellow flowers are axillary. Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Indian Mallow, Velvet-leaf or India Hemp; abutilon de Theophraste Plants are tall annuals, reaching 1.5m in height. Very large leaves exceed 18cm in length, softly tomentose; the hairs are stellate. Petioles are equal in length to the blades. Leaves are held stiffly erect in daylight, softly drooping by evening. Flowers may be 2.5cm wide. Carpels commonly number 15, with recurved beaks. Plant has an unpleasant Photo by Martin Thomas odour if crushed. 3-55 Malvaceae Flowers from July to October. Fallow fields, waste ground, in sandy soils. Recently reported from Grand Pré, Wolfville and Halifax. Page | 667 Ranges throughout suitable habitat in North America. Introduced from India. -
Alien Plants in Central European River Ports
A peer-reviewed open-access journal NeoBiota 45: 93–115 (2019) Alien plants in Central European river ports 93 doi: 10.3897/neobiota.45.33866 RESEARCH ARTICLE NeoBiota http://neobiota.pensoft.net Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions Alien plants in Central European river ports Vladimír Jehlík1, Jiří Dostálek2, Tomáš Frantík3 1 V Lesíčku 1, 150 00 Praha 5 – Smíchov, Czech Republic 2 Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Jiří Dostálek ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ingo Kowarik | Received 14 February 2019 | Accepted 27 March 2019 | Published 7 May 2019 Citation: Jehlík V, Dostálek J, Frantík T (2019) Alien plants in Central European river ports. NeoBiota 45: 93–115. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.45.33866 Abstract River ports represent a special type of urbanized area. They are considered to be an important driver of biological invasion and biotic homogenization on a global scale, but it remains unclear how and to what degree they serve as a pool of alien species. Data for 54 river ports (16 German, 20 Czech, 7 Hungarian, 3 Slovak, and 8 Austrian ports) on two important Central European waterways (the Elbe-Vltava and Dan- ube waterways) were collected over 40 years. In total, 1056 plant species were found. Of these, 433 were alien, representing 41% of the total number of species found in all the studied Elbe, Vltava, and Danube ports. During comparison of floristic data from literary sources significant differences in the percentage of alien species in ports (50%) and cities (38%) were found. -
Musk Mallow Malva Moschata
Musk mallow Malva moschata Description Introduced to North America as an ornamental. Habit Erect; perennial; 1-3 ft tall; roughly hairy forb. Leaves Alternate, roundish in outline; upper leaves divided into 5-7 parts to below the middle. Stems Grows between 8-40 in tall; erect; hairy; and often branched near the base. Flowers Dark pink to white, 5-parted, 1 1/2-2 3/4 in wide, petals triangular, 3 very small bracts below, inflorescence solitary on long stalks from the leaf axils or usually crowded in a terminal cluster. Fruits and Seeds Source: MISIN. 2021. Midwest Invasive Species Information Network. Michigan State University - Applied Spatial Ecology and Technical Services Laboratory. Available online at https://www.misin.msu.edu/facts/detail.php?id=108. Doughnut shaped, hairy, fruit contains brown, kidney-shaped seeds; 1/2 in long, concave sides, rounded edges. Habitat Native to Europe. Found along roadsides, grassy places, pastures, hedgebanks etc, especially on rich soils, avoiding acid soils. Reproduction By seed. Similar Common Mallow (Malva neglecta); Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea). Monitoring and Rapid Response Hand-pulling; mowing before seeds ripen. Credits The information provided in this factsheet was gathered from North Carolina State University, the USDA PLANTS Database and the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point. Individual species images that appear with a number in a black box are courtesy of the Bugwood.org network (http://www.invasive.org).Individual photo author credits may not be included due to the small display size of the images and subsequent difficulty of reading the provided text. All other images appear courtesy of Google (http://images.google.com). -
Koroteeva D. the INSECTS – VISITORS of MALVA ALCEA L. IN
channel of collimator provides significant increase in output of reference radiation from target simultaneously decreasing unneeded parts of the spectrum. To decrease flux of thermal neutrons using borated polyethylene is rec- ommended. Koroteeva D. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus THE INSECTS – VISITORS OF MALVA ALCEA L. IN BELARUS Analysing of anthophilous insects communities has a great significance in the process of studying of the symbiotic relationship between pollinators and plants. Anthophilous insects as pollinators play an important role in the pollination and seed reproduction of plants. Pollinators can provide the efficiency of seed produc- tion process in many different ways. Studying the species composition of pollina- tors of any particular plant may help in predicting similar results during studying of another plant from this family or genus. Malva alcea L. is an introducent in Belarusian flora. Thereby studying of polli- nators’ community may help in the process of analyzing interspecies communica- tion between different similar to Malva alcea L. plants during the process of introduction process of Malva alcea L. to our flora. The collecting of insects was held during July, 2016. Insects were caught on the territory of the botanical garden of biology faculty of BSU, Minsk. Insects were caught one by one in the moment of visiting the inflorescence of Malva alcea L., then they were placed in the tubes with alcohol for pollen cargo analysis. The taxo- nomic identification has been established with the key. Malva alcea L. is a plant in the mallow family native to southwestern, central and eastern Europe, also it can be found in southwestern Asia. -
First Record of Eriochloa Villosa (Thunb.) Kunth in Austria and Notes on Its Distribution and Agricultural Impact in Central Europe
BioInvasions Records (2020) Volume 9, Issue 1: 8–16 CORRECTED PROOF Research Article First record of Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth in Austria and notes on its distribution and agricultural impact in Central Europe Swen Follak1,*, Michael Schwarz2 and Franz Essl3 1Institute for Sustainable Plant Production, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria 2Data, Statistics and Risk Assessment, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria 3Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Author e-mails: [email protected] (SF), [email protected] (MS), [email protected] (FE) *Corresponding author Citation: Follak S, Schwarz M, Essl F (2020) First record of Eriochloa villosa Abstract (Thunb.) Kunth in Austria and notes on its distribution and agricultural impact in Eriochloa villosa is native to temperate Eastern Asia and is an emerging weed in Central Europe. BioInvasions Records 9(1): Central Europe. Its current distribution in Central Europe was analyzed using 8–16, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.1.02 distribution data from the literature and data collected during field trips. In 2019, E. Received: 6 September 2019 villosa was recorded for the first time in Austria. It was found in a crop field in Accepted: 28 November 2019 Unterretzbach in Lower Austria (Eastern Austria). So far, the abundance of E. villosa in the weed communities in Austria and the neighboring Czech Republic is low and Published: 21 February 2020 thus, its present agricultural impact can be considered limited. However, in Romania Handling editor: Quentin Groom and Hungary, the number of records of E.