Beyond Banneker Solving Fermat’S Last Theorem” (P
one Introduction ho are Black mathematicians? What are their paths to the profession? WAlthough this book provides some answers to these questions, it is by necessity a synthesis of many stories past and present. By one estimate, there are roughly 300 living Black mathematicians in the United States. They work in colleges and universities; for federal, state, and local governments and agencies; in private and public secondary schools; and in industry. Their fields encompass pure and applied mathematics, including operations research, analysis, game theory, topology, algebra, number theory, and statistics. The mathematics they do is elegant, relevant, and practical, as well as critical, for the sciences, technology, engineering, finance, public policy, national security, and a host of other domains relevant to the well-being of the country and the world. Black mathematicians are indeed a rarity, as are mathematicians in the United States generally. Recent American Mathematical Society data show that roughly 1,400 people were granted the PhD in a mathematical science by a U.S. university in 2008–2009, the most recent year for which data are available. Half of those individuals hailed from outside of the United States. Of the 669 American citizens who received the PhD, 86 were Black, Latino, Asian, or Native American. Nineteen, or less than 3% that year, were Black. In the public imagination, mathematicians seem to spring fully formed as individuals whose sole interest is mathematics, who are socially inept, and who are unconcerned with any topic other than mathematics. There is a prev- alent idea that mathematics is a completely solitary enterprise, done in the absence of any community.
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