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Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan

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Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Assessment and Action Plan N W E S Umpqua Basin Tiller Region Assessm ent Area Prepared by Nancy A. Geyer for the Umpqua Basin Watershed Council November, 2003 UBWC Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Umpqua Basin Watershed Council 1758 NE Airport Road Roseburg, Oregon 97470 541 673-5756 www.ubwc.org Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Prepared by Nancy A. Geyer November, 2003 Contributors Robin Biesecker Jeanine Lum Barnes and Associates, Inc. Barnes and Associates, Inc. Kristin Anderson and David Williams John Runyon Oregon Water Resources BioSystems Consulting Department Publication citation This document should be referenced as Geyer, Nancy A. Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan. Roseburg, Oregon: Prepared for the Umpqua Basin Watershed Council; 2003 November. This project has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement CO-000451-02 to the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. 2 UBWC Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Acknowledgments This assessment would not have been possible without the help of community volunteers. I am very grateful to the landowners, residents, and UBWC directors and members who attended the monthly assessment meetings and offered their critical review and insight. Their input and participation was invaluable. I am also grateful for the assistance of the following individuals and groups: • The staff of the Umpqua National Forest, Douglas Soil and Water Conservation District, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Oregon Water Resources Department who answered many questions and provided much of the assessment’s quantitative and qualitative data. • The resource professionals who agreed to serve as guest speakers at our monthly assessment meetings: o Dave Williams, OWRD; o Kent Smith, InSight Consultants; and o Sam Dunnavant, ODFW. I would also like to thank Eric Geyer for his unwavering support throughout the process. 1 UBWC Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan Table of Contents Lists of Photographs, Figures, Maps, and Tables.......................................................... 5 Acronym List..................................................................................................................... 8 Forward ............................................................................................................................. 9 1. Introduction............................................................................................................. 10 1.1. Purpose and development of the assessment .................................................... 10 1.1.1. The Umpqua Basin Watershed Council.......................................................... 10 1.1.2. The assessment and action plan ...................................................................... 10 1.1.3. Assessment development................................................................................ 11 1.2. Tiller Region description .................................................................................. 11 1.2.1. Location, size, and major features .................................................................. 11 1.2.2. Ecoregions....................................................................................................... 14 1.2.3. Topography..................................................................................................... 15 1.2.4. Geology........................................................................................................... 18 1.2.5. The Tiller Region stream network .................................................................. 24 1.2.6. Climate............................................................................................................ 26 1.2.7. Vegetation....................................................................................................... 27 1.3. Land use, ownership, and population............................................................... 27 1.3.1. Land use and ownership.................................................................................. 27 1.3.2. Population and demographics......................................................................... 31 2. Past Conditions ....................................................................................................... 36 2.1. Pre-Settlement: Early 1800s............................................................................. 36 2.1.1. Indian lands..................................................................................................... 36 2.1.2. European visitors ............................................................................................ 38 2.2. Settlement period: Late 1840s to the 1890s..................................................... 39 2.2.1. Early settlement .............................................................................................. 39 2.2.2. Gold mining .................................................................................................... 40 2.2.3. Mercury mining .............................................................................................. 41 2.2.4. Nickel mining.................................................................................................. 41 2.2.5. Agriculture ...................................................................................................... 41 2.2.6. Commercial fishing......................................................................................... 41 2.2.7. Logging........................................................................................................... 42 2.2.8. Transportation................................................................................................. 42 2.3. Onset of the modern era: Early 1900s to the 1960s ......................................... 43 2.3.1. Transportation................................................................................................. 43 2.3.2. Logging........................................................................................................... 44 2 UBWC Tiller Region Assessment and Action Plan 2.3.3. Mercury mining .............................................................................................. 45 2.3.4. Nickel mining / copper and zinc mining......................................................... 46 2.3.5. Hatcheries ....................................................................................................... 46 2.3.6. Agriculture ...................................................................................................... 47 2.4. Modern era: 1970s to the present..................................................................... 47 2.4.1. Logging........................................................................................................... 47 2.4.2. Mining............................................................................................................. 48 2.4.3. Dam construction............................................................................................ 49 2.4.4. Tourism........................................................................................................... 49 2.4.5. Settlement patterns and urbanization.............................................................. 49 2.5. Douglas County population growth.................................................................. 50 2.6. History of the Tiller Region .............................................................................. 50 2.6.1. Historical timeline........................................................................................... 50 2.6.2. Population ....................................................................................................... 53 2.6.3. Historical fish use ........................................................................................... 54 2.6.4. 1900 forest conditions..................................................................................... 54 2.7. Historical references......................................................................................... 56 3. Current Conditions................................................................................................. 59 3.1. Stream function ................................................................................................. 59 3.1.1. Stream morphology......................................................................................... 59 3.1.2. Stream connectivity ........................................................................................ 78 3.1.3. Channel modification...................................................................................... 80 3.1.4. Stream function key findings and action recommendations........................... 81 3.2. Riparian zones and wetlands ............................................................................ 82 3.2.1. Riparian zones................................................................................................. 82 3.2.2. Wetlands ......................................................................................................... 84 3.2.3. Riparian zones and wetlands key findings
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