Working Paper Series No. 33 Government of Kerala Impact Study
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Working Paper Series No. 33 Government of Kerala Impact Study of Chamravattom Regulator cum Bridge Malappuram District The Report Evaluation Division Kerala State Planning Board January 2017 Disclaimer The report has been prepared by the Technical Officers, District Planning Office, Malappuram. The facts and figures in this report are based on primary and secondary data collected by the Technical Officers from District Planning Office, Malappuram and from other sources and it does not reflect the views or policy of Kerala State Planning Board. Sd/- Dr. V. Vijayakumar Chief, Evaluation Division Kerala State Planning Board 2 Acknowledgement We express our sincere thanks to Dr.V. Vijayakumar Chief, Evaluation Division, Kerala State Planning Board for his guidance and scholarly assistance in every step of the study and for giving all help and facilities to carry out the study. I also recognize the help and co-operation from Shri. V.S. Biju & Shri. Prakasan. K, former District Planning Officers, Malappuram, Smt. N. Prasannakumari, former Deputy District Planning Officer, Malappuram and Shri. Deepu.S, former Research Assistant. I also thank the following officers of District Planning Office, Malappuram for their co-operation and help in the completion of the study. 1. Rajesh.T Asst. District Planning Officer 2. Sathianandan M.P Research Officer 3. Mohamed Ansal Babu N.K Research Officer 4. Sadiq Kalathingal Research Assistant 5. Sangeetha P.K Research Assistant 6. Abdul Salam K.K Research Assistant Sd/- N.K.Sreelatha District Planning Officer (i/c) District Planning Office Malappuram 3 CONTENTS List of Tables List of Figures Acronyms and Abbreviations Abstract Chapter Title Page No. I. Introduction 15-23 II. Review of Related Literature 24-35 III. Analysis 36-75 IV. Conclusions and Suggestions 76- 81 Appendices 4 List of Tables Table Page Title No. No. 3.1 Availability of irrigation facilities. 34 Changes in irrigation facilities after 3.2 the implementation of 34 Chamravattom Project. Impact of production sector after the 3.3 implementation of Chamravattom 35 Project. Excess benefit after the 3.4 36 implementation of the project. Agricultural land area under 3.5 38 cultivation ( in Ha) 3.6 Agricultural production ( in Tons) 39 Irrigated land area under cultivation 3.7 41 (in Acres) Details of agricultural land area (in 3.8 43 Ha) and production (in Tons) Details of agricultural land area (in Ha) and production (in Tons) data 3.9 45 analysis of two local body (Thavanur and Thirunavaya) Salinity of water in well before and 3.10 48 after the Chamravattom scheme. Over all view of availability and 3.11 scarcity of drinking water before and 52 after the scheme. 5 Table Page Title No. No. Availability of drinking water before 3.12 53 the scheme. Availability of drinking water after 3.13 55 the scheme. Availability of drinking water in 3.14 56 summer after the scheme 3.15 Elemental analysis of the sample 58 Electrical conductivity of water 3.16 59 samples 3.17 Dissolved Oxygen(DO) 59 3.18 Total Coliforms & E.coli 60 3.19 Level of income of shopkeepers 61 3.20 Volume of consumers 62 3.21 Type of visitors 63 Purpose of visit of 3.22 64 outsiders/passengers 3.23 Time of visitors 65 3.24 Area of availability of fish 69 3.25 Average production of fish (in Kg) 70 6 List of Figures Figure Page Title No. No. Excess benefit after the implementation 3.1 36 of the project. Agricultural land area under cultivation 3.2 38 ( In Ha) 3.3 Agricultural production ( In Tons) 40 Irrigated land area under cultivation (In 3.4 41 Acres) Details of agricultural land area (In Ha) 3.5 44 and production (In Tons) Details of agricultural land area (In Ha) and production (In Tons) data analysis 3.6 46 of two local bodies (Thavanur and Thirunavaya) Salinity of water in well before the 3.7 49 scheme. 3.8 Decrease in salinity after the scheme 50 3.9 Availability of water before the Scheme 54 3.10 Availability of water after the Scheme. 55 Availability of drinking water in 3.11 57 summer after the scheme 3.12 Purpose of visit of outsiders/passengers 64 3.13 Area of availability of fish 70 3.14 Average production of fish (in Kg) 71 7 Acronyms and Abbreviations RCB - Regulator cum Bridge CRCB - Chamaravattam Regulator Cum Bridge FRL - Full Reservoir Level LI - Lift Irrigation Nos - Numbers CET - College of Engineering, Trivandrum IIT - Indian Institute of Technology DTPC - District Tourism Promotion Council PAO - Principal Agricultural Officer Ha - Hector BIS -Bureau of Indian Standards 8 ABSTRACT The objectives of Chamravattom Regulator Cum Bridge are irrigation, prevention of salt water intrusion to the river from the sea and reducing the distance by road between Kozhikode and Kochi by 38 km. Regulator cum bridge is now just working as a bridge due to technical problems. The present study evaluates the impact of the project in Agriculture, Tourism, Water Supply, Employment Generation and the overall development of the area. Normative survey method has been used for the present study as it involves a process of collecting data from a specific population and the existing data from various departments like agriculture, fisheries, tourism and from various Grama Panchayaths. For the present study, interview schedules and questionnaires are used as tools for gathering primary data from various departments like agriculture, fisheries, tourism and from various Grama Panchayaths. The investigators have also collected primary data from the various beneficiaries of the project like fishermen, farmers & businessmen in the project area and also by visiting the site. The area of agricultural production was increased in Vettom, Mangalam and Purathur Grama Panchayaths after the implementation of Chamravattom project. Except paddy cultivation, an increasing trend is seen in the case of productivity in almost all crops. Salt water intrusion is decreased after commissioning of the project, especially in the upstream of nearby Thriprangode Grama Panchayath. Even though the availability of drinking water is increased in the project area, the availability of drinking water could not achieve as much as the target, due to salt water intrusion. The Project also promotes tourism activities of the locality. Generation of employment and thereby income of the people around the project area have increased considerably after the project. 9 Chapter I INTRODUCTION Chamravattom Bridge also known as Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge is one of the longest bridge in Kerala. The Bridge has 978-meter length and 10.5 m width which is built across Bharathapuza. It is the largest regulator-cum- bridge in the Kerala state. Bridge has 70 shutters. The foundation stone for the project was laid by former Chief Minister VS Achuthanandan on September 13, 2009, and the Bridge was inaugurated by the former Chief Minister of Kerala, Oommen Chandy, on 17 May 2012. Chamravattom project would benefit irrigation, transport, agriculture drinking water supply and tourism. The road distance between Kochi and Kozhikode stands reduced by 38 km through Bridge, distance between Ponnani-Tirur, Ponnani-Malappuram stands reduced by 20Km, 10Km respectively. The bridge has also helped to reduce the traffic congestion at Edappal, Valanchery and Kottakal towns. Chamravattom regulator cum Bridge has been conceptualizing from early 1977 or 1984 but it has in 10 dormant position several times. There has been side walls are built across the bridge because there is a possibility of inordinate increase in the water level of the river after the activation of the Chamravattom project. The side walls have built in two shore of the bridge as 1 km and 300 m long to Kuttipuram side and 125 m long along west Ayyappa temple while in other shore 1 km long to Naripparambu side and 150m along west side. Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge had been developed as a highly perceptible project in the extreme southern state of India. This seems to be the largest of its type in Kerala, India. The project was commissioned at a record pace of two years. The dream behind the 978 mts and 70 shutters of the Bridge cum regulator was that it could provide irrigation facilities to 4000 hectors of agricultural land and drinking water for Tirur - Ponnani Taluks. Sanctioned amount for the project is Rs. 144.65 crores, out of which Rs. 95.12 is from NABARD and the remaining fund is the state plan fund to Irrigation Department. Total fund received from 2009-15 is Rs. 165.53 crores. Work implementaion period is 05.06.2009 to 17.05.2012. The up to date expenditure of the project is Rs. 134.51 crore. Construction of Regulator Cum Bridge (RCB) is a multipurpose project. The main objective is to evolve sufficient storage for irrigating the gross ayacut area and for meeting the drinking water supply. Another important objective is the effective control of saline water intrusion into the upstream side of regulator. Besides, the river when bridged connecting the two banks, will improve the communication facilities and the employment opportunities in that area. Radial or sluice gates are used in Barrage or RCB to control and raise water levels in their upstream reaches of streams and irrigation canals with mild slopes. 11 The area housing Chamravattom Regulator-cum- Bridge project is geographically co-ordinate at 10.82085°N 75.959108°E. As an integral part of Chamravattom regulator, this project is geographically crucial who's other name Ponnani-Tirur Bridge is also famous in the region. The reservoir formed at upstream side of RCB is envisaged to impound 14.20 Mm3 of fresh water at +4.00 m FRL for stabilizing 4344 hectors of ayacut area for irrigation under 9 Nos of existing L.I.