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Morphologie Externe De NEOGLYPHEA INOPINATA, Espèce Actuelle De Crustacé Décapode Glyphéide

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Morphologie Externe De NEOGLYPHEA INOPINATA, Espèce Actuelle De Crustacé Décapode Glyphéide ‘LTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. 1 - PHILIPPINES (18-28 MARS 1976) - RÉSULTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. 1 - PHILIPPIP 2 La morphologie externe de Neogi’yphea inopinztz, espèce actuelle de Crustacé Décapode Glyphéide Jacques FOREST* et Michèle de SAINT LAURENT” RÉSUMÉ Description des caractères de morphologie externe de Neoglyphea inopinata, espèce récente de Crustacé Décapode Glypheoidea. Ce travail comporte également des observations sur les variations liées à la taille, et sur les différences observées entre un mâle et une femelle juvéniles. Il est basé sur le mâle holotype et sur les neuf spécimens recueillis pendant la campagne MUSO RSTOM. ABSTRACT The external morphological features of the actult male of Neoglyphea inopinata, recent species of Crustacea Decapoda Glypheoidea, are described. It includes some observations on the variations related to the size and on the differences between two juveniles, one mule and one female. This study is founded on the male holotype and nine specimens collected during the MUSORSTOM Expedition. * Muséum national d’Hietoire naturelle, Laboratoire de Zoologie (Arthropodes), et &ole Pratique des Hautes Études, laborafoire de Carcinologie ef d’ocdanographie biologique, 61, rue de Buffon 75231 Paris Cedex 05. 52 JACQUES FOREST ET MICHÈLE DE SAINT LAURENT SOMMAIRE 1. Introduction ............................ 52 f. Maxilles .......................... 69 g. Premiers maxillipédes .............. 69 II. Matériel. .............................. 53 h. Deuxièmes maxillipédes ............ 69 III. Description du mâle adulte i. Troisièmes maxillipèdes ............ 69 A. Céphalothorax...................... 54 j. Premiers péréiopodes .............. 71 a. Carapace........................ 54 k. Deuxiémes péréiopodes ............. 73 b. Region cephalique anterieurc ...... 57 1. Troisiémes péréiopodes ............. 75 c. Épistome ....................... 57 m. Quatriémes péréiopodes ............ 75 d. Sternum thoracique .............. 58 n. Cinquièmes péréiopodes ............. 75 B. Abdomen .......................... 60 o. Premiers pléopodes ................ 76 a. Régions tergales et pleurales ...... 60 p. Deuxiémes pléopodes. ............. 78 b. Régions sternales ................ 61 q. Troisièmes Q cinquiémes pleopodes . 78 c. Telson .......................... 61 r. Uropodes ......................... 78 C. Appendices ...................... 61 D. Appareil branchial .................... 78 a. Pédoncules oculaires. ......... 61 E. Coloration ................................. 79 b. Antennules ................... , . 63 c. Antennes ..................... 64 IV. Variations liées a la taille et différence entre le mâle .......................... 80 d. Mandibules ................... 67 et la femelle juvéniles e. Maxillules .................... 67 Bibliographie .................................. 84 1. INTWQBUCTIBN état de conservation, a fait l’objet d’un examen et d’une figuration détaillée. Cependant, seule la diagnose mentionnée plus haut en a été donnée, La présence, dans la faune actuelle, du groupe afin de caractériser l’espèce, avant que le type ne soit des Glypheoidea (Crustacé Décapode Reptantia), renvoyé au National Museum of Natural History, considéré jusqu’alors comme exclusivement méso- à Washington. La perspective d’obtenir à bref délai zoïque, a été découverte en 1975. L’espèce récente des exemplaires intacts de Neoglyphea inopinafa a été nommée et succinctement décrite d’après un nous incitait en effet à différer la publication de sa spécimen unique et mutilé, capturé en 1908 aux description, accompagnée d’une illustration adéquate. Philippines par le navire océanographique Alba- Après l’issue heureuse de la campagne du Vauban, tross (FOREST et de SAINT LAURENT, 1975). Neuf en 1976, nous avons été en mesure grâce au matériel autres exemplaires ont été obtenus en 1976 dans supplémentaire obtenu, de compléter et de réviser la même région, ce qui a permis de compléter la notre première description, puis d’aborder l’étude diagnose (FOREST et de SAINT LAURENT, 1976). de l’anatomie interne. Nous poursuivions en même Par ailleurs, le compte rendu de la campagne temps nos recherches sur les affinités de l’espèce MUSORSTOM, publié dans le présent volume de actuelle avec les Glyphéides fossiles, dont nous Résultats (FOREST, 1980) relate les circonstances avions réuni de nombreux échantillons provenant qui ont conduit a l’identification de ce Crustacé, de divers musées européens. ainsi que les conditions d’organisation et de déroule- Le travail présenté ici est exclusivement consacré ment de l’expédition au cours de laquelle l’espèce à la morphologie externe de Neoglyphea inopinata. a été retrouvée. Cette relation inclut également les 11 comprend essentiellement la description du mâle données relatives à l’éthologie et à l’écologie de adulte de l’espèce, basée sur le spécimen type, mais Neoglyphea inopinafa, telles qu’elles se dégagent complétée, en ce qui concerne les parties manquantes des conditions de capture, en même temps que les chez ce dernier, par l’observation de spécimens observations effectuées sur les animaux vivants, recueillis en 1976. Nous avons également fait état au moment où ils ont été recueillis. des variations que ceux-ci présentent par rapport L’étude du Glyphéide actuel a été entreprise au type. De même, la dissection de l’un des exem- aussitôt après son identification. La morphologie plaires a rendu possible ou facilité la figuration de externe du type, dont la dissection n’était pas certains détails. La capture, en plus de six exemplaires souhaitable, d’autant qu’il était dans un médiocre d’une taille voisine de celle du type, d’un mâle LA MORPHOLOGIE EXTERNE DE Neoglyphea inopinata 53 adulte beaucoup plus petit et de deux juvéniles, essentiels restent encore ignorés : seuls des mâles a aussi permis d’illustrer les variations liées à la adultes et des juvéniles sont connus. Or plusieurs taille. Nous n’avons qu’exceptionnellement procédé lignées de Décapodes se distinguent précisément à des comparaisons. Les recherches actuellement par les structures génitales de la femelle adulte en cours sur les relations des Neoglyphea inopinata (présence ou non d’un thélycum) et par le type et, d’une façon générale, des Glypheoidea, avec les de développement. La connaissance de ces états autres Décapodes Reptantia seront en effet exposeés -.- femelles adultes et premiers stades - constituera dans un autre travail. Elles sont rendues malaisées vraisemblablement le facteur décisif qui conduira par la médiocrité de nos connaissances sur la morpho- à préciser la position phylétique du groupe tout logie des groupes. Le plus souvent pour un caractère entier. donné, la comparaison entre Neoglyphea et les autres Décapodes, ne peut s’appuyer sur aucune donnée publiée, et nécessite l’étude approfondie de ce caractère à travers tout le sous-ordre. Nous pouvons dès à présent signaler, sans préjuger II. MATÉRIEL des conclusions auxquelles nous pourrons aboutir dans ce domaine, que rien ne permet pour l’instant Albatros : de considérer les Glypheoidea comme un groupe primitif, dont seraient issus une partie des Reptantia Station 5278, 17.07.1908, 186 m : 1 $ 50,0- actuels. En fait, comme l’un de nous l’a exposé dans 115 mm (Holotype, National Museum of Natural un essai de classification des Décapodes (M. de SAINT History, Washington, USNM 152650). LAURENT, 1979) les Glypheoidea apparaissent comme une lignée distincte dont les relations avec les autres MUSORSTOM : Reptantia restent obscures. Il semble établi que le Station 6, 200-182 m : 1 $ 52,0-116 mm (no 1) rapprochement proposé par les plus récents auteurs Station 12, 210-187 m : 1 $ 53,5-120 mm (no 2) avec les Eryonidea et avec les Scyllaridea ne se justifie pas. Par contre les Glypheoidea présentent Station 26, 189 m : 1 $ 53,5-121 mm (no 3) et quelques traits communs avec les Axiidea d’une 1 9 16,5-34,0 mm (no 4) part, les Nephropoidea d’autre part. Station 33, 197-187 m : 2 $ 55,0-123 mm (no 5) La survivance d’une espèce de Glypheoidea est et 17,5-39 mm (no 6) d’un intérêt capital pour la recherche des atllnités Station 34, 191-188 m : 1 6 33,0-73,0 mm (no 7) du groupe qu’elle représente, mais sa découverte Station 35, 186-187 m : 1 $ 52,5-120 mm (no 8) n’a pas encore fourni tous ses fruits. Des éléments Station 36, 210-187 m : 1 $ 54,0-121 mm (no 9) Fig. 1. - Animal entier en vue latérale. Holotype, complété par un spécimen do 1976, x 1 x 1. 54 JACQUES FOREST ET MICHÈLE DE SAINT LAURENT Les données complétes sur les conditions de récolte progressivement vers I’arriére, jusqu’au quart posté- sont indiquées dans le compte rendu de la campagne rieur ; presque verticales par rapport à une face MUSORSTOM et dans la liste des stations (FOREST, dorsale déprimée à ce niveau, les faces laterales 1980). Les deux dimensions mentionnées ci-dessus sont en grande partie représentées par les branchi- pour chaque spécimen sont la longueur de la carapace ostèges, larges et faiblement renflés. suivant la ligne médiane, rostre inclus, et la longueur totale du corps, Les exemplaires recueillis pendant la campagne ont été inscrits au catalogue des collec- tions de Crustacés du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle sous les numéros Gl 1 à G19 (1). Nous avons précisé plus haut que les dessins qui illustrent la description ont été en grande partie exécutés d’aprés le type (2). Celui-ci étant mutilé et présentant quelques anomalies, certains caractèires ont été figurés d’après d’autres exemplaires. De plus, la dissection du spécimen no 5 a permis de décrire et de représenter des
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