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Diversidad De Ascomicetes Macroscópicos En Bosque Las Bayas, Municipio De Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, México

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Diversidad De Ascomicetes Macroscópicos En Bosque Las Bayas, Municipio De Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, México Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83: 1-14, 2012 Diversidad de ascomicetes macroscópicos en Bosque Las Bayas, municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, México Diversity of macroscopic ascomycetes in Las Bayas Forest, Municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, Mexico Tania Raymundo1, 2, Raúl Díaz-Moreno3, Silvia Bautista- Hernández 4, Elvira Aguirre-Acosta4 y Ricardo Valenzuela2 1Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa. Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186. Col. Vicentina 09340 México, D. F., México. 2Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Sto. Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 México, D. F., México 3Laboratorio de Micología, Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez Estado de Durango, Boulevard Durango 501, Cd. Universitaria, 34120 Durango, Durango, México. 4Colección de hongos, Herbario Nacional de México, Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., México. [email protected] Resumen. Se presenta un listado de ascomicetes macroscópicos derivado de 4 exploraciones micológicas al Bosque Las Bayas en el municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, realizadas en los años 2007, 2008 y 2009. Se determinaron 45 especies, incluidas en 26 géneros, 13 familias, 5 órdenes y 4 clases del phylum Ascomycota. De las especies estudiadas, 19 se citan por primera vez para la entidad y Spathulariopsis velutipes, Tapesia lividofusca y Tuber dryophilum se describen por primera vez para México. Palabras clave: Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, registros nuevos. Abstract. A checklist of macroscopic ascomycetes, which were collected from 4 mycological explorations in 2007, 2008 and 2009 from Las Bayas Forest in the Municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, is presented. It was possible to determine 45 species, including 26 genera, 13 families, 5 orders and 4 classes of the phylum Ascomycota. Nineteen species are cited for the first time from the state andSpathulariopsis velutipes, Tapesia lividofusca and Tuber dryophilum are described for the first time from Mexico. Key words: Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, new records. Introducción Actualmente no se cuenta con trabajos específicos sobre hongos en la zona de estudio; no obstante, en algunos El Bosque Las Bayas se localiza en el municipio de listados generales para Durango se citan especies de asco- Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, 100 km al sur de la capital del micetes macroscópicos, como en los de Guzmán (1972) estado y posee una superficie total de 4 721 ha. Geográfica- sobre los ejemplares mexicanos depositados en herbarios mente se ubica entre los paralelos 23°22’15” y 23°29’50” del extranjero quien mencionó a Hypoxylon malleolus N y los meridianos 104°48’45” y 104°53’01” O. Berk. et Ravenel; Pérez-Silva (1973, 1977) citó a Dal- El predio forma parte de la región hidrológica río Presi- dinia vernicosa (Schwein.) Ces. et De Not y Cordyceps dio-río San Pedro y el tipo de vegetación es de coníferas, ophioglossoides (Ehrh.) Link, respectivamente; Chacón compuesto principalmente de Abies durangensis Martínez, y Guzmán (1983b) mencionaron a Geoglossum glutino- Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Pinus ayacahuite K. sum Pers. y Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers. de la región de Ehrenb. ex Schlecht., P. cooperii C.E. Blanco, P. durangen- El Salto; Quintos et al. (1984) registran a Cordyceps capi- sis Martínez, P. engelmannii Carr., P. leiophylla Schlecht. tata (Holmsk.) Link, Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) et Cham., P. lumholtzii Rob. et Fern., P. teocote Schlecht. Tul. et C. Tul., Helvella crispa (Scop.) Fr., Elaphomyces et Cham., Cupressus arizonica Greene, Juniperus deppeana granulatus Fr. y Macropodia macropus (Pers.) Fuckel; Steud. y latifoliadas, como Arbutus, Alnus y Quercus. Rodríguez-Scherzer y Guzmán-Dávalos (1984) listan a Hypomyces lactifluorum, Hypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Lloyd, Aleuria aurantia (Pers.) Fuckel, Helvella crispa Recibido: 10 diciembre 2010; aceptado: 02 junio 2011 y H. lacunosa Afzel. de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la 2 Raymundo et al.- Ascomicetes de Las Bayas, Durango Michilia y Mapimí; Pérez-Silva y Aguirre-Acosta (1985) rizados en fresco, tomándose los caracteres morfológicos citan a Hypomyces chrysospermus Tul. et C. Tul., H. lacti- macroscópicos tales como forma, color, tamaño, consis- fluorum, Hypoxylon thouarsianum, Poronia punctata (L.) tencia de los ascocarpos o estromas, así como el hábito Fr., Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél. y H. infula Schaeff.; de crecimiento y su hábitat. Los ejemplares deshidratados, Naranjo-Jiménez et al. (2002) registran para la región desinfectados y etiquetados se depositaron en la Colec- de El Salto a Hypomyces lactifluorum, Gyromitra infula ción de Hongos del Herbario de la Escuela Nacional de (Schaeff.) Quél. y Morchella sp.; Medel (2002) citó a Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Poronia oedipus (Mont.) Mont. y a Hypoxylon trunca- (ENCB). Para la determinación de las especies se utilizó la tum (Schwein.) J. H. Mill. La aportación más reciente es literatura especializada de Seaver (1928, 1951), Kanouse el trabajo de Díaz-Moreno et al. (2005) en el que enlistan (1948), Mains (1954, 1955), Guzmán et al. (1980), Dennis a Hypoxylon thouarsianum, Cordyceps canadensis Ellis (1981), Valenzuela (1990), Abbott y Currah (1997), Medel et Everh., Hypomyces lactifluorum, Spathularia flavida y Chacón (2000) y Vite-Garín et al. (2006). Se incluyen Pers., Leotia lubrica, Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr., Hel- fotografías in situ de algunas especies. vella crispa, H. lacunosa, Macropodia macropus, Paxina acetabulum (L.) Kuntze, Morchella conica Pers., Peziza Resultados arvernensis Boud., P. brunneoatra Desm. y P. michelii (Boud.) Dennis, de los bosques de pino y pino-encino en Se identificaron 45 especies incluidas en 26 géneros, la entidad. Con el presente estudio se pretende contribuir 13 familias, 5 órdenes y 4 clases del phylum Ascomycota. al conocimiento de la diversidad fúngica de ascomicetes Pezizomycetes con 6 familias, 11 géneros y 27 especies macroscópicos en el estado de Durango. fue la clase mejor representada, siguiéndole Leotiomy- cetes con 3 familias, 9 géneros y 11 especies. La familia Materiales y métodos Helvellaceae con 13 especies fue la más abundante, donde el género Helvella presentó 10 especies determinadas. A En este trabajo se realizaron 4 exploraciones de campo continuación se listan las especies estudiadas; las previa- en los años 2007, 2008 y 2009, recolectándose 135 ejem- mente citadas para Durango (sin asterisco) únicamente se plares procedentes de 9 localidades del Bosque Las Bayas, presentan con el material estudiado; las que se citan por municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, en el estado de Durango primera vez para el estado, con un asterisco (*), incluyen (Cuadro 1). Los ejemplares recolectados fueron caracte- observaciones sobre algunas características distintivas de Cuadro 1. Localidades exploradas del Bosque Las Bayas, municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Durango Localidad Coordenadas geográficas Altitud Vegetación m snm 1 km antes del Bosque Las Bayas 23° 29’ 47.4” N 2 873 Bosque de Pinus ayacahuite 104° 49’ 10.6”O 2. El Rosillo 23° 26’ 50.9” N 2 850 Bosque de Pinus-Quercus 104° 51’ 37.4”O 3.El Bajío Redondo 23° 26’ 47.4” N 2 783 Bosque de Pinus-Quercus y Cupressus 104° 49’ 10.7”O arizonica 4. A 2 km de las cabañas camino a 23° 26’ 32.9” N 2 841 Bosque de Pinus-Querus y Cupressus ari- zona ecológica 104° 51’ 0.7” O zonica 5. Entrada de la zona ecológica 23° 26’ 14.9” N 2 802 Bosque de Abies durangensis y Pseudotsu- 104° 51’ 00” O ga menziesii 6. Zona ecológica 23° 26’ 20.3” N 2 832 Bosque de Abies durangensis, Pseudotsuga 104° 50’ 57.8”O menziesii y Cupressus arizonica 7. Bajío del Niño 23° 26’ 28.5” N 2 810 Bosque de Quercus 104° 50’ 51.7”O 8. Arroyo Los Otates 23° 27’ 50.4” N 2 807 Bosque de Pseudotsuga menziesii y Popu- 104° 51’ 31.6”O lus tremuloides 9. Matachín 23° 27’ 12.67”N 2 700 Bosque de Pinus-Quercus 104°52’ 6.57”O Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83: 1-14, 2012 3 las especies; finalmente, los nuevos registros para México, 2.0-3.5 µm, respectivamente) que en C. aeruginascens (40- con doble asterisco (**), se describen macro y micromor- 60 × 3-4 µm y 4-7 (-9) × 1-1.5 (-2) µm, respectivamente); fológicamente y se discute su hábitat y distribución. La la primera se encontró sobre Pseudotsuga menziesii y la clasificación adoptada en este trabajo es la de Kirk et al. segunda en Quercus sp. Las descripciones completas de (2008). estas 2 especies, así como su distribución en México, se encuentran en Valenzuela (1990). Phylum Ascomycota ** Tapesia lividofusca (Fr.) Rehm, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl., Clase Eurotiomycetes Edn 2 (Leipzig) 1.3:576 (1891) [1896] Orden Eurotiales Apotecio cupulado a discoidal, de 1-2 mm de diámetro, Familia Elaphomycetaceae sésil; sobre un subículo lanoso; excípulo tomentoso, azul Elaphomyces granulatus Fr. grisáceo cuando fresco a marrón grisáceo cuando seco; Material estudiado. Loc. 9: septiembre 26, 1995. I. Uribe himenio blanquecino en fresco a color marfil al secarse, 150b. con el margen blanquecino. Ascosporas de 6.4-8 × 2.4-2.8 µm, cilíndricas, ligeramente curvadas, hialinas. Ascas de Clase Leotiomycetes 60-80 × 4-6.4 µm, clavadas a cilíndricas, de pared delgada, Orden Helotiales hialinas, octosporadas, biseriadas, con el poro amiloide. Familia Geoglossaceae Paráfisis de 2.4-3 µm de diámetro, cilíndricas, hialinas, *Geoglossum glabrum var. americanum Mains (Fig. 1) con un septo hacia la base (Fig. 5). Material estudiado. Loc. 6: agosto 21, 2008. T. Raymundo Resumen taxonómico. Esta especie se encontró sobre y R. Valenzuela 1787, 1790. madera de Pseudotsuga menziesii. Sólo se conoce de algu- Observaciones. Esta especie se puede confundir macros- nos países de Europa creciendo en madera de coníferas y cópicamente con otras del género, pero la observación latifoliadas (Gerhardt et al., 2000). microscópica permite reconocerla con facilidad por sus Material estudiado. Loc. 6: agosto 3, 2009.
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