Clinical Impact of Primary Infection with Roseoloviruses
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Roseola Fact Sheet
Sixth Disease/ Exanthem Subitum DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH Division of Epidemiology, Disease Surveillance and Investigation 899 N. Capitol Street, NE, Suite 580 Washington, D.C. 20002 202-442-9371 Fax 202-442-8060 * www.dchealth.dc.gov What is Roseola? medications. Frequent hand washing may Roseola is an acute, febrile rash illness caused by a limit transmission (spread). Women who are virus. pregnant and have been exposed to this illness should discuss the exposure with Who gets Fifth Disease? their doctor. Roseola occurs in children usually under four years of age. It is most common in children under the age Should a child with Roseola be excluded of two. from Child-care? Yes, a child with fever and rash should be What are the symptoms of Roseola? excluded from child-care until seen by a The symptoms of roseola include a high fever that health-care provider. The child may return lasts for three to five days. A runny nose, irritability, to child-care once the fever has gone, even if eyelid swelling, and tiredness may also be present. the rash is present. When the fever disappears, a rash appears, mainly on the face and body. How can Roseola be prevented? There is no vaccine or medicine that How is Roseola spread? prevents roseola. Frequent and thorough Roseola is spread from person to person but the hand washing is recommended as a practical exact way is not known. It appears that saliva may be and effective method of preventing most an important way for the spread of the virus. -
Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection on the Expression of Factors Associated with Cell Fibrosis and Apoptosis: Clues for Implication in Systemic Sclerosis Development Maria-Cristina Arcangeletti 1,*, Maria D’Accolti 2 , Clara Maccari 1, Irene Soffritti 2 , Flora De Conto 1, Carlo Chezzi 1, Adriana Calderaro 1, Clodoveo Ferri 3 and Elisabetta Caselli 2 1 Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Virology, University-Hospital of Parma, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; [email protected] (C.M.); fl[email protected] (F.D.C.); [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (A.C.) 2 Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; [email protected] (M.D.); irene.soff[email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (E.C.) 3 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Rheumatology Unit, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0521-033497 Received: 29 July 2020; Accepted: 31 August 2020; Published: 3 September 2020 Abstract: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by vasculopathy and multi-organ fibrosis; its etiology and pathogenesis are still largely unknown. Herpesvirus infections, particularly by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), have been suggested among triggers of the disease based on virological and immunological observations. However, the direct impact of HCMV and/or HHV-6 infection on cell fibrosis and apoptosis at the cell microenvironment level has not yet been clarified. -
Communicable Disease Chart
COMMON INFECTIOUS ILLNESSES From birth to age 18 Disease, illness or organism Incubation period How is it spread? When is a child most contagious? When can a child return to the Report to county How to prevent spreading infection (management of conditions)*** (How long after childcare center or school? health department* contact does illness develop?) To prevent the spread of organisms associated with common infections, practice frequent hand hygiene, cover mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, and stay up to date with immunizations. Bronchiolitis, bronchitis, Variable Contact with droplets from nose, eyes or Variable, often from the day before No restriction unless child has fever, NO common cold, croup, mouth of infected person; some viruses can symptoms begin to 5 days after onset or is too uncomfortable, fatigued ear infection, pneumonia, live on surfaces (toys, tissues, doorknobs) or ill to participate in activities sinus infection and most for several hours (center unable to accommodate sore throats (respiratory diseases child’s increased need for comfort caused by many different viruses and rest) and occasionally bacteria) Cold sore 2 days to 2 weeks Direct contact with infected lesions or oral While lesions are present When active lesions are no longer NO Avoid kissing and sharing drinks or utensils. (Herpes simplex virus) secretions (drooling, kissing, thumb sucking) present in children who do not have control of oral secretions (drooling); no exclusions for other children Conjunctivitis Variable, usually 24 to Highly contagious; -
Human Herpesvirus 6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients Infected with HIV
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:789–792 789 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.67.6.789 on 1 December 1999. Downloaded from SHORT REPORT Human herpesvirus 6 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients infected with HIV: frequency and clinical significance Simona Bossolasco, Roberta Marenzi, Helena Dahl, Luca Vago, Maria Rosa Terreni, Francesco Broccolo, Adriano Lazzarin, Annika Linde, Paola Cinque Abstract convulsions or other neurological symptoms The objective was to evaluate the fre- complicating exanthema subitum.2–4 HHV-6 quency of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) encephalitis or milder neurological symptoms DNA detection in the CSF of patients have been described in both immunocompet- infected with HIV and its relation to brain ent adults and transplanted patients,5–7 and the disease and systemic HHV-6 infection. virus might also play an aetiological part in Nested polymerase chain reaction multiple sclerosis.8 HHV-6 has also been found (PCR) was used to analyse CSF samples in the brain or CSF of adults and children with from 365 consecutive HIV infected pa- AIDS, but its role in neurological disease is still tients with neurological symptoms. When unclear.9–12 available, plasma and brain tissues from To study the possible relation between patients whose CSF was HHV-6 positive HHV-6 and brain disease in patients infected were also studied. with HIV, the presence of HHV-6-DNA in the HHV-6 was found in the CSF of eight of CSF was assessed in a large group of patients copyright. Division of Infectious the 365 patients (2.2%): two had type A with neurological disease and was correlated Diseases, San RaVaele and four type B; the HHV-6 variant could with clinical and neuropathology patterns. -
But Significantly Different From, Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Cytomegalovirus (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/T Lymphocytes) Zwi N
Proc. Natd. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 89, pp. 10552-10556, November 1992 Medical Sciences Human herpesvirus 7 is a T-lymphotropic virus and is related to, but significantly different from, human herpesvirus 6 and human cytomegalovirus (chronic fatigue syndrome/T lymphocytes) Zwi N. BERNEMAN*, DHARAM V. ABLASHIt, GE LI*, MAUREEN EGER-FLETCHER*, MARVIN S. REITZ, JR.*, CHIA-LING HUNGO§, IRENA BRUS¶, ANTHONY L. KOMAROFFII, AND ROBERT C. GALLO*,** *Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology and tLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; TPharmacia, Columbia, MD 21045; NMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; and IlDepartment of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Communicated by Maurice Hilleman, August 6, 1992 ABSTRACT An independent strain (JI) of human herpes- for 1-2 hr at 370C with virus-containing culture supernatant. virus 7 (HV-7) was isolated from a patient with chronic Afterward, the cell lines were cultured in RPMI 1640 medi- fatigue syndrome (CFS). No s cant association could be um/2-10%o fetal calf serum, whereas the CBMC were grown established by seroepidemiology between HHV-7 and CFS. in RPMI 1640 medium/5-20%o fetal calf serum with or with- HHV-7 is a T-lymphotropic virus, infecting CD4+ and CD8+ out 10% (vol/vol) interleukin 2 (Advanced Biotechnologies, primary lymphocytes. HHV-7 can also infect SUP-T1, an Columbia, MD). Infection was assessed by the appearance of immature T-cell line, with variable success. Southern blot large cells, immunofluorescence, and EM. -
Measles Diagnostic Tool
Measles Prodrome and Clinical evolution E Fever (mild to moderate) E Cough E Coryza E Conjunctivitis E Fever spikes as high as 105ºF Koplik’s spots Koplik’s Spots E E Viral enanthem of measles Rash E Erythematous, maculopapular rash which begins on typically starting 1-2 days before the face (often at hairline and behind ears) then spreads to neck/ the rash. Appearance is similar to “grains of salt on a wet background” upper trunk and then to lower trunk and extremities. Evolution and may become less visible as the of rash 1-3 days. Palms and soles rarely involved. maculopapular rash develops. Rash INCUBATION PERIOD Fever, STARTS on face (hairline & cough/coryza/conjunctivitis behind ears), spreads to trunk, Average 8-12 days from exposure to onset (sensitivity to light) and then to thighs/ feet of prodrome symptoms 0 (average interval between exposure to onset rash 14 day [range 7-21 days]) -4 -3 -2 -1 1234 NOT INFECTIOUS higher fever (103°-104°) during this period rash fades in same sequence it appears INFECTIOUS 4 days before rash and 4 days after rash Not Measles Rubella Varicella cervical lymphadenopathy. Highly variable but (Aka German Measles) (Aka Chickenpox) Rash E often maculopapular with Clinical manifestations E Clinical manifestations E Generally mild illness with low- Mild prodrome of fever and malaise multiforme-like lesions and grade fever, malaise, and lymph- may occur one to two days before may resemble scarlet fever. adenopathy (commonly post- rash. Possible low-grade fever. Rash often associated with painful edema hands and feet. auricular and sub-occipital). -
Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpesvirus 6, and Bacteriophage T4 DNA Polymerases (Antibody/Viral Enzyme) CHING-HWA ANN TSAI*, MARSHALL V
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 87, pp. 7963-7%7, October 1990 Medical Sciences A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerases (antibody/viral enzyme) CHING-HWA ANN TSAI*, MARSHALL V. WILLIAMS*t, AND RONALD GLASER*tt *Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and tComprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 Communicated by Leo A. Paquette, July 23, 1990 (received for review May 18, 1990) ABSTRACT A monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated DNA polymerase activity (20), it is not known whether this 55H3 was produced by using chemically induced Epstein-Barr polyclonal antibody neutralizes the DNA polymerase activity virus genome-positive B95-8 cells. mAb 55H3, which reacted by binding to the enzyme or due to its binding to one of the with an 85- to 80-kDa polypeptide, neutralized Epstein-Barr associated polypeptides. Thus, further studies on the inter- virus-encoded DNA polymerase activity in crude extracts of actions of these polypeptides have been hampered, in part, chemically induced M-ABA, HR-1, and B95-8 cells, as well as from the lack of specific antibodies against the EBV-encoded the partially purified Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase in a DNA polymerase. dose-dependent manner. The mAb also neutralized the virus- Recently, we reported the isolation of an EBV-specific encoded DNA polymerase activity from cells infected with monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated 55H3, that neutral- human cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and the puri- izes the activity of EBV-encoded DNA polymerase (21). In fied bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerases. -
Topics in Viral Immunology Bruce Campell Supervisory Patent Examiner Art Unit 1648 IS THIS METHOD OBVIOUS?
Topics in Viral Immunology Bruce Campell Supervisory Patent Examiner Art Unit 1648 IS THIS METHOD OBVIOUS? Claim: A method of vaccinating against CPV-1 by… Prior art: A method of vaccinating against CPV-2 by [same method as claimed]. 2 HOW ARE VIRUSES CLASSIFIED? Source: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2000) Edited By M.H.V. van Regenmortel, C.M. Fauquet, D.H.L. Bishop, E.B. Carstens, M.K. Estes, S.M. Lemon, J. Maniloff, M.A. Mayo, D. J. McGeoch, C.R. Pringle, R.B. Wickner Virology Division International Union of Microbiological Sciences 3 TAXONOMY - HOW ARE VIRUSES CLASSIFIED? Example: Potyvirus family (Potyviridae) Example: Herpesvirus family (Herpesviridae) 4 Potyviruses Plant viruses Filamentous particles, 650-900 nm + sense, linear ssRNA genome Genome expressed as polyprotein 5 Potyvirus Taxonomy - Traditional Host range Transmission (fungi, aphids, mites, etc.) Symptoms Particle morphology Serology (antibody cross reactivity) 6 Potyviridae Genera Bymovirus – bipartite genome, fungi Rymovirus – monopartite genome, mites Tritimovirus – monopartite genome, mites, wheat Potyvirus – monopartite genome, aphids Ipomovirus – monopartite genome, whiteflies Macluravirus – monopartite genome, aphids, bulbs 7 Potyvirus Taxonomy - Molecular Polyprotein cleavage sites % similarity of coat protein sequences Genomic sequences – many complete genomic sequences, >200 coat protein sequences now available for comparison 8 Coat Protein Sequence Comparison (RNA) 9 Potyviridae Species Bymovirus – 6 species Rymovirus – 4-5 species Tritimovirus – 2 species Potyvirus – 85 – 173 species Ipomovirus – 1-2 species Macluravirus – 2 species 10 Higher Order Virus Taxonomy Nature of genome: RNA or DNA; ds or ss (+/-); linear, circular (supercoiled?) or segmented (number of segments?) Genome size – 11-383 kb Presence of envelope Morphology: spherical, filamentous, isometric, rod, bacilliform, etc. -
Fundamentals of Dermatology Describing Rashes and Lesions
Dermatology for the Non-Dermatologist May 30 – June 3, 2018 - 1 - Fundamentals of Dermatology Describing Rashes and Lesions History remains ESSENTIAL to establish diagnosis – duration, treatments, prior history of skin conditions, drug use, systemic illness, etc., etc. Historical characteristics of lesions and rashes are also key elements of the description. Painful vs. painless? Pruritic? Burning sensation? Key descriptive elements – 1- definition and morphology of the lesion, 2- location and the extent of the disease. DEFINITIONS: Atrophy: Thinning of the epidermis and/or dermis causing a shiny appearance or fine wrinkling and/or depression of the skin (common causes: steroids, sudden weight gain, “stretch marks”) Bulla: Circumscribed superficial collection of fluid below or within the epidermis > 5mm (if <5mm vesicle), may be formed by the coalescence of vesicles (blister) Burrow: A linear, “threadlike” elevation of the skin, typically a few millimeters long. (scabies) Comedo: A plugged sebaceous follicle, such as closed (whitehead) & open comedones (blackhead) in acne Crust: Dried residue of serum, blood or pus (scab) Cyst: A circumscribed, usually slightly compressible, round, walled lesion, below the epidermis, may be filled with fluid or semi-solid material (sebaceous cyst, cystic acne) Dermatitis: nonspecific term for inflammation of the skin (many possible causes); may be a specific condition, e.g. atopic dermatitis Eczema: a generic term for acute or chronic inflammatory conditions of the skin. Typically appears erythematous, -
The Development of New Therapies for Human Herpesvirus 6
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The development of new therapies for human herpesvirus 6 2 1 Mark N Prichard and Richard J Whitley Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infections are typically mild and data from viruses are generally analyzed together and in rare cases can result in encephalitis. A common theme reported simply as HHV-6 infections. Here, we will among all the herpesviruses, however, is the reactivation upon specify the specific virus where possible and will simply immune suppression. HHV-6 commonly reactivates in use the HHV-6 designation where it is not. Primary transplant recipients. No therapies are approved currently for infection with HHV-6B has been shown to be the cause the treatment of these infections, although small studies and of exanthem subitum (roseola) in infants [4], and can also individual case reports have reported intermittent success with result in an infectious mononucleosis-like illness in adults drugs such as cidofovir, ganciclovir, and foscarnet. In addition [5]. Infections caused by HHV-6A and HHV-7 have not to the current experimental therapies, many other compounds been well characterized and are typically reported in the have been reported to inhibit HHV-6 in cell culture with varying transplant setting [6,7]. Serologic studies indicated that degrees of efficacy. Recent advances in the development of most people become infected with HHV-6 by the age of new small molecule inhibitors of HHV-6 will be reviewed with two, most likely through saliva transmission [8]. The regard to their efficacy and spectrum of antiviral activity. The receptors for HHV-6A and HHV-6B have been identified potential for new therapies for HHV-6 infections will also be as CD46 and CD134, respectively [9,10]. -
Human Herpesvirus-6 and -7 in the Brain Microenvironment of Persons with Neurological Pathology and Healthy People
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Human Herpesvirus-6 and -7 in the Brain Microenvironment of Persons with Neurological Pathology and Healthy People Sandra Skuja 1,* , Simons Svirskis 2 and Modra Murovska 2 1 Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, R¯ıga Stradin, š University, Kronvalda blvd 9, LV-1010 R¯ıga, Latvia 2 Institute of Microbiology and Virology, R¯ıga Stradin, š University, Ratsup¯ ¯ıtes str. 5, LV-1067 R¯ıga, Latvia; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (M.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +371-673-20421 Abstract: During persistent human beta-herpesvirus (HHV) infection, clinical manifestations may not appear. However, the lifelong influence of HHV is often associated with pathological changes in the central nervous system. Herein, we evaluated possible associations between immunoexpression of HHV-6, -7, and cellular immune response across different brain regions. The study aimed to explore HHV-6, -7 infection within the cortical lobes in cases of unspecified encephalopathy (UEP) and nonpathological conditions. We confirmed the presence of viral DNA by nPCR and viral antigens by immunohistochemistry. Overall, we have shown a significant increase (p < 0.001) of HHV antigen expression, especially HHV-7 in the temporal gray matter. Although HHV-infected neurons were found notably in the case of HHV-7, our observations suggest that higher (p < 0.001) cell tropism is associated with glial and endothelial cells in both UEP group and controls. HHV-6, predominantly detected in oligodendrocytes (p < 0.001), and HHV-7, predominantly detected in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (p < 0.001), exhibit varying effects on neural homeostasis. -
Pathogenic Viruses Commonly Present in the Oral Cavity and Relevant Antiviral Compounds Derived from Natural Products
medicines Review Pathogenic Viruses Commonly Present in the Oral Cavity and Relevant Antiviral Compounds Derived from Natural Products Daisuke Asai and Hideki Nakashima * Department of Microbiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-44-977-8111 Received: 24 October 2018; Accepted: 7 November 2018; Published: 12 November 2018 Abstract: Many viruses, such as human herpesviruses, may be present in the human oral cavity, but most are usually asymptomatic. However, if individuals become immunocompromised by age, illness, or as a side effect of therapy, these dormant viruses can be activated and produce a variety of pathological changes in the oral mucosa. Unfortunately, available treatments for viral infectious diseases are limited, because (1) there are diseases for which no treatment is available; (2) drug-resistant strains of virus may appear; (3) incomplete eradication of virus may lead to recurrence. Rational design strategies are widely used to optimize the potency and selectivity of drug candidates, but discovery of leads for new antiviral agents, especially leads with novel structures, still relies mostly on large-scale screening programs, and many hits are found among natural products, such as extracts of marine sponges, sea algae, plants, and arthropods. Here, we review representative viruses found in the human oral cavity and their effects, together with relevant antiviral compounds derived from natural products. We also highlight some recent emerging pharmaceutical technologies with potential to deliver antivirals more effectively for disease prevention and therapy. Keywords: anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); antiviral; natural product; human virus 1. Introduction The human oral cavity is home to a rich microbial flora, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.