Comparative Media Law Practice
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ANDRÁS KOLTAY – ANDREJ ŠKOLKAY (EDS) COMPARATIVE MEDIA LAW PRACTICE MEDIA REGULATORY AUTHORITIES IN THE VISEGRAD COUNTRIES VOLUME II POLAND AND HUNGARY Comparative Media Law Practice Comparative Media Law Practice Media Regulatory Authorities in the Visegrad Countries Edited by András Koltay and Andrej Školkay Volume II Poland and Hungary Poland Ewa Galewska Hungary Szabina Berkényi Published in Hungary by the Institute for Media Studies of the Media Council of the National Media and Infocommunications Authority 5 Reviczky utca, Budapest, 1088 © Szabina Berkényi, Ewa Galewska, Ondrej Jurišta, András Koltay, Ľuboš Kukliš, Ondřej Moravec, Andrej Školkay 2016 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. Media Studies Library 22 of the Institute for Media Studies Series Editor – András Koltay and Levente Nyakas ISBN 978-615-5302-18-3 Contents POLAND – Ewa Galewska I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................17 II. Legal System of Poland ....................................................................................... 18 III. Th e Broadcast Media—Th eir Viewership / Listeners, History, Political, and Social Impact ....................................................................... 21 A. History of Media in Poland .................................................................................21 B. Media Market in Poland ......................................................................................22 IV. Key Principles of Electronic / Digital Media Regulations ..................................23 A. Radio and Television—Terminology and Tasks ...................................................23 B. Types of Regulated Media ...................................................................................24 C. Public Radio and Television .................................................................................24 D. Th e System of Licensing / Registration ................................................................25 E. Content Regulation .............................................................................................26 V. Institutional Structure of Media Regulation in Poland .......................................29 A. National Broadcasting Council ............................................................................29 B. Chairman of the National Broadcasting Council .................................................31 C. Procedure before the Chairman of the Council—Administrative Procedure .......32 D. System of Judiciary ..............................................................................................40 E. Procedure before the Courts—Civil Procedure ...................................................42 VI. Freedom of Speech ............................................................................................. 52 VII. Protection of Human Dignity .......................................................................... 56 A. Case Studies Concerning Human Dignity ...........................................................57 i. Insulting Religious Feelings of Others ................................................................58 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................58 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................58 c. Argumentation of Superstacja .......................................................................58 d. Judgment of 29 May 2014 of the Regional Court in Warsaw, XX GC 374/13 .......... 58 e. Comments ...................................................................................................59 ii. Insulting a Person Because of Skin Colour .........................................................59 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................59 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................60 c. Argumentation of Radio Eska ROCK............................................................60 d. Judgment of 3 October 2012 of the Regional Court in Warsaw, XXVI GC 571/12 ........................................................................................60 6 Comparative Media Law Practice e. Judgment of 30 August 2013 of the Appeal Court in Warsaw, I ACa 94/13 ....61 f. Comments ...................................................................................................61 iii. Tarnishing the National Flag ...........................................................................61 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................61 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................62 c. Argumentation of TVN S.A. ........................................................................62 d. Judgment of 26 August 2009 of the Regional Court in Warsaw, XX GC 491/08 ............................................................................................62 e. Judgment of 11 August 2011 of the Appeal Court in Warsaw, VI ACa 867/10 ............................................................................................63 f. Judgment of 2 July 2013 of the Supreme Court, III SK 42/12 ........................63 g. Comments .................................................................................................. 64 iv. Mimicking a Disabled Person ......................................................................... 64 a. Case Description ......................................................................................... 64 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................65 c. Argumentation of TV Polsat S.A. .................................................................65 d. Judgment of 15 November 2007 of the Regional Court in Warsaw, XX GC 592/06 ............................................................................................65 e. Judgment of 8 October 2008 of the Appeal Court in Warsaw, VI Aca 332/08 ........................................................................................... 66 f. Judgment of 14 January 2010 of the Supreme Court, III SK 15/09 ................ 66 g. Comments .................................................................................................. 66 VIII. Prohibition of Hate Speech ............................................................................. 67 A. Case Studies Concerning Hate Speech .................................................................68 i. Discriminating Against Persons of Ukrainian Nationality .................................68 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................68 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................68 c. Argumentation of Eska ROCK .....................................................................69 d. Judgment of 14 August 2013 of Regional Court in Warsaw, XX GC 757/12 ............................................................................................69 e. Judgment of 20 August 2014 of the Appeal Court in Warsaw, VI ACa 1740/13 ..........................................................................................69 f. Comments ...................................................................................................70 IX. Balanced Coverage .............................................................................................70 A. Case Studies Concerning Balanced Coverage ......................................................71 X. Commercial Communications .............................................................................71 A. Case Studies Concerning Commercial Communications .....................................72 i. Surreptitious Commercial Communications in Radio Maryja—Scene 1 ............72 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................72 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................74 c. Argumentation of Warszawska Prowincja Redemptorystów ............................73 d. Judgment of 19 of July 2013 of Regional Court in Warsaw, XX GC 335/12 ..........73 Contents 7 ii. Surreptitious Commercial Communications in Radio Maryja—Scene 2 ............73 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................73 b. Argumentation of the Chairman of the Council .............................................74 c. Argumentation of Warszawska Prowincja Redemptorystów ............................74 d. Judgment of 23 July 2013 of the Regional Court in Warsaw, XX GC 653/12 ............................................................................................74 e. Judgment of 17 June 2014 of the Appeal Court in Warsaw, VI ACa 1562/13 ..........................................................................................75 iii. Surreptitious Commercial Communications in TVP S.A...................................75 a. Case Description ..........................................................................................75