Final Report

In fulfillment of a Chickadee Check-off Grant

A Follow-up Evaluation of Two Anuran Repatriations in Southeastern and Southwestern

Joseph T. Collins, Suzanne L. Collins, and Travis W. Taggart JTC Enterprises, Inc. 1502 Medinah Circle Lawrence, Kansas 66047 jtcenterprises.org

8 December 2009

1 Introduction

The repatriation of a back into an area from which it is currently believed to be extirpated is a widely used and often successful tool of wildlife managers. Two amphib- ian repatriations were attempted in Kansas within the past fifteen years. The Green ( debilis, formerly Bufo debilis) was repatriated to the Cimarron National Grass- land in Morton County (Taggart, 1994) and the Pickerel (Lithobates palustris, for- merly Rana palustris) was repatriated into the Ozark Plateau of Cherokee County (Kirk, 2001a). No formal follow-up surveys on these repatriations had been attempted prior to this study. The Pickerel Frog was historically known from two counties (Crawford and Chero- kee) in extreme southeast Kansas. It is an inhabitant of deeply incised streams and damp shaded woodlands. It is often associated with rock structures and caves in these habitats. It breeds in woodland ponds from March through May, where a single female may deposit up to 2,900 eggs in a globular mass. Within four months the froglets hatch, transform, and begin to leave the breeding site. Pickerel Frog tadpoles can be differenti- ated from sympatric species by differences in pattern, coloration, tail morphology, and structures of the oral disk. Pickerel were released in the vicinity of Schermerhorn Cave (south of Galena) in Cherokee County during 1999 and 2000. A follow-up survey conducted in April of 2000 resulted in the collection of several of the released individu- als. The recaptured specimens were healthy and each had gained mass since their release, providing an optimistic initial assessment of the repatriation. However, since that time (albeit with no concerted systematic effort) no additional Pickerel Frogs have been discovered. The Green Toad was historically known from the western most tier of Kansas counties. They were found from Wallace and Logan in the north to Morton and Grant counties in the south. Since the dust bowl of the 1930s, no Green have been found in southwestern Kansas (an area particularly hard hit by drought and airborne soil). To assist the farmers and ranchers of the region, the Federal Government purchased approximately 100,000 acres of the most extensively eroded lands along the Cimarron River in Morton and Ste- vens counties. This acreage was designated the Cimarron National Grassland and has largely converted back to its historic conditions, thereby removing the purported condi- tions that eliminated the Green Toad in the first place, and facilitated the attempted re- patriation. Currently, the greatest population of Green Toads resides in the canyons of southeastern Wallace and southwestern Logan counties, south of the Smoky Hill River. Four hundred twenty-two toads from this area were release at several sites on the Grass- land that periodically hold water. No follow-up monitoring has since been conducted to determine the successfulness of the repatriation. The objective of this project was to follow up on two repatriations that were attempted in Morton (Taggart, 1994, 1997) and Cherokee (Kirk, 2001) counties. The Kansas Com- prehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan (KCWCP) was developed to increase the collec- tive knowledge of those faunal resources in need of conservation. The ultimate goal is to set a course towards achieving positive conservation results and tangible results. To this end, the monitoring of repatriations conducted under the auspices of the KDWP is a worthwhile endeavor. Both of the target species are listed in the Kansas Comprehen-

2 sive Wildlife Conservation Plan (KCWCP) (Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. 2005. A Future for Kansas Wildlife, Pratt, Kansas). The Green Toad is a Tier II species and the Pickerel Frog is a Tier III species. Additionally, our surveying methodology al- lowed the concomitant monitoring of several other sympatric species also listed in the KCWCP.

Materials and Methods

Suitable breeding habitat for the Pickerel Frog and Green Toad was identified by con- sulting USGS 7.5 minutes topographic maps, aerial photography from the 2008 National Agricultural Inventory Program, and subsequently, through field reconnaissance. From these, sites were narrowed down in which to conduct active aural surveys, maintain frog loggers to record calls passively, and to ultimately survey for tadpoles and recently trans- formed frogs. Aural surveys consisted of listening for calling frogs and identifying them by their dis- tinctive calls. These surveys were conducted both at the sites previously identified as well as periodic intervals between these sites. The voices of the calling frogs were compared to those available on cassette from Coleman (1998). Surveys were made in Schermer- horn Park and vicinity in Cherokee County on the following dates: 13–15 March 2009; 21 March 2009, 18–19 April 2009; and 7 May 2009. Surveys were made throughout the Cimarron National Grassland during 26–27 June; 16–19 July 2009; 31 July to 2 August 2009; and 14–16 August 2009. Dates were determined to coincide with the presumed instances of chorusing (early spring for Lithobates palustris, and following significant rain- fall for Anaxyrus debilis). Custom made frog loggers (passive audio recording device) were used to record calls over an extended period of time. The frog loggers consisted of Olympus DS-50 digital voice recorders. The timer feature of this recorder was set to make three recording each night (at 11pm, 1am, and 3 am); each recording was 10 minutes in duration. Using this configuration, the units could be left in the field for three weeks before using up their avail- able memory or exhausting their batteries. A RadioShack Hands-Free Tie-Clip Omnidi- rectional Electret microphone (model 33-3013) was attached to the voice recorder. The voice recorders were sealed inside polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing housing with only the microphone exposed externally. The previously identified sites were sampled by dip nets and all tadpoles were collected and identified. Additionally, the margins of each site were examined for newly metamor- phosed frogs. The sites where the two target species were sought are presented in Figure 1 (Lithobates palustris) and Figure 2 (Anaxyrus debilis).

Results

No Lithobates palustris or Anaxyrus debilis were discovered. Localities examined for the presence of Lithobates palustris are presented in Figure 1 and Appendix 1. Localities examined for the presence of Anaxyrus debilis are given in Figure 2 and Ap- pendix 2. A list of non-targeted , reptiles, and turtles observed during this study is given in Appendix 3 (southeastern Kansas) and Appendix 4 (southwestern Kansas).

3 Discussion

The presence of the Pickerel Frog and Green Toad in the repatriated areas cannot be ruled out, despite the fact that that neither were discovered, even in the presence of suit- able local environmental conditions (precipitation and temperature). Future attempts to locate these anurans within the state would benefit from an expanded use of the passive frog-loggers, especially within the putative range of Anaxyrus debilis. An increase in both the number of recorders and the length of time they were deployed would greatly increase the chances of finding both of these species, and would also contribute a wealth of data on other sympatric chorusing anurans. Repatriations elsewhere have been proven successful for several other frog species, and suggest that the lack of a positive findings following these two releases should not preclude future attempts. Suitable habitat does exist for each of the species within the state. In future repatriations, it would be desirable to include immediate monitoring of the growth and abundance of the repatriated anurans. Not only would this provide data on their initial responses to their environment, their growth and development, but may also lead to the recognition of specific details (predators, chytrid fungus, slow growth, unsuit- able breeding conditions, etc.) of their demise. For example, we do not currently know if either of these two species was chorusing in the repatriated area during the years immediately following their repatriation, which would have been their best chance at re- establishing themselves. We suggest that a long-term effort at re-discovery of the Green Toad in Morton County might have a better chance at revealing its presence there. For the Pickerel Frog, we suggest that an intensive program in both the Ozarkian Region and the Cherokee Plain, using custom made frog loggers (passive audio recording device), might demonstrate that this species still exists in Cherokee County.

4 Bibliography

Arano, Begona, Gustavo Llorente, Mario Garcia-Paris and Pilar Herrero 1995. Species Translocation menaces Iberian Waterfrogs. Conservation Biology 9(1): 196-198. Belzer, Bill and Mary Beth Steisslinger 1999. The Box Turtle: Room with a View on Species Decline. The American Biology Teacher 61(7): 510-513. Berglind, Sven-Åke 2000. Demography and Management of Relict Sand Lizard Lacerta agilis Popula- tions on the Edge of Extinction. Ecological Bulletins 48: 123-142. Bragg, Arthur N. 1955. The Tadpole of Bufo debilis debilis. Herpetologica 11(3): 211-212. Buhlmann, Kurt A. 1995. Habitat Use, Terrestrial Movements, and Conservation of the Turtle, Deiro- chelys reticularia, in Virginia. Journal of Herpetology 29(2): 173-181. Burke, Russell L. 1991. Relocations, Repatriations, and Translocations of Amphibians and Reptiles: Taking a Broader View. Herpetologica 47(3): 350-357. Chiszar, David, James B. Murphy and Hobart M. Smith 1993. In Search of Zoo-Academic Collaborations: A Research Agenda for the 1990’s In Search of Zoo-Academic Collaborations: A Research Agenda for the 1990’s. Her- petologica, 49(4): 488-500. Coleman, Keith 1998. The Calls of Kansas Frogs & Toads. DeBano, Leonard F., John N. Rinne and Malchus B. Baker Jr. 2003. Management of Natural Resources in Riparian Corridors Management of Nat- ural Resources in Riparian Corridors. Journal of the -Nevada Academy of Science 35(1): 58-70. Denton, Jonathan S., Susan P. Hitchings, Trevor J. C. Beebee and Antony Gent 1997. A Recovery Program for the Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) in Britain. Conser- vation Biology 11(6): 1329-1338. Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. and Richard A. Seigel 1991. Relocation, Repatriation, and Translocation of Amphibians and Reptiles: Are they Conservation Strategies that Work? Herpetologica 47(3): 336-350. Dreitz, Victoria J. 2006. Issues in Species Recovery: An Example Based on the Wyoming Toad. Bio- Science 56(9): 765-771. King, Richard, Craig Berg and Bob Hay 2004. A Repatriation Study of the Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catena- tus) in Wisconsin. Herpetologica 60(4): 429-437. Kirk, J. D. 2001. Reintroduction of the Pickerel Frog (Rana palustris) to Cherokee County, Kan- sas. Masters Thesis, Friends University, Wichita. vi + 45 pp.

5 Livo, Lauren J., Geoffrey A. Hammerson and Hobart M. Smith 1998. Summary of Amphibians and Reptiles Introduced into . Northwestern Naturalist 79(1): 1-11. Matthews, Kathleen R. Response of Mountain Yellow-Legged Frogs, Rana muscosa, to Short Distance Translocation. Journal of Herpetology 37(3): 621-626. Muths, Erin, Therese L. Johnson and Paul Stephen Corn 2001. Experimental Repatriation of Boreal Toad (Bufo boreas). Eggs, Metamorphs, and Adults in Rocky Mountain National Park. Southwestern Naturalist 46(1): 106- 113. Parker, Joshua M. and Stanley H. Anderson 2003. Habitat Use and Movements of Repatriated Wyoming Toads. Journal of Wild- life Management 67(2): 439-446. Pough, F. Harvey 1993. Zoo-academic Research Collaborations: How Close are We? Herpetologica 49(4): 500-508. Rathbun, Galen B. and Julie Schneider 2001. Translocation of California Red-Legged Frogs (Rana aurora draytonii). Wildlife Society Bulletin 29(4): 1300-1303. Reinert, Howard K. 1991. Translocation as a Conservation Strategy for Amphibians and Reptiles: Some Comments, Concerns, and Observations. Herpetologica 47(3): 357-363. Rundquist, Eric M. 1979. The Status of Bufo debilis and Opheodrys vernalis in Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 82(1): 67-70. Seigel, Richard A., Abigail Dinsmore and Stephen C. Richter 2006. Using Well Water to Increase Hydroperiod as a Management Option for Pond- breeding Amphibians. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34(4), Special Section: Farm Bill Con- tributions to Wildlife Conservation: 1022-1027. Smith, Hobart M. 1934. The Amphibians of Kansas. American Midland Naturalist 15(4): 377-527. Storfer, Andrew 2003. Declines: Future Directions. Diversity and Distributions 9(2): 151- 163. Taggart, Travis W. 1994. The Natural History and Distribution of the Green Toad (Bufo debilis) in Kan- sas, with a Report on an Effort to Reintroduce the Species into the Cimarron National Grasslands. Final Report Kansas Dept. Wildlife and Parks, Pratt, Kansas. 12 pp. Taggart, Travis W. 1997. Status of Bufo debilis (Anura: Bufonidae) in Kansas. Kansas Herpetol. Soc. Newsl. 109: 7–12. Watkins, Graham G. and Maureen A. Donnelly 2005. Biodiversity Research in the Neotropics: From Conflict to Collaboration. Pro- ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 154: 127-136.

6 Figure 1. Map of the southeastern most portion of Cherokee County, Kansas, showing localities exam- ined (red circles) for the Pickerel Frog, Lithobates palustris, along Shoal Creek. Bodies of water are shaded in blue. Urban areas are in yellow. The black arrow indicates the release site of Kirk (2001). Refer to Ap- pendix 1 for the survey methods applied at each locality.

7 Figure 2. Map of Morton County, Kansas, showing localities examined (red circles) for the Green toad, Anaxyrus debilis. The Cimarron National Grassland is shaded in light blue. Urban areas are in yellow. The black arrows indicate the release sites of Taggart (1994). Refer to Appendix 2 for the survey methods applied at each locality.

8 Appendix 1

Coordinates of localities examined for the Pickerel Frog, Lithobates palustris, as illus- trated in Figure 1. Survey methods (SM) listed are A-aural, N-net/sight, R-recorders.

Site Lat Long SM 47 37.03409 -94.63340 A,N 48 37.02502 -94.63362 A,N 1 37.03172 -94.61365 A,N 49 37.03485 -94.63558 A,N 2 37.00931 -94.61814 A,N 50 37.02399 -94.63663 A,N 3 37.05046 -94.61846 A,N 51 37.02458 -94.63681 A,N 4 37.02972 -94.61857 A,N,R 52 37.03464 -94.63706 A,N 5 37.01037 -94.61859 A,N 53 37.04252 -94.63818 A,N 6 37.05047 -94.61862 A,N 54 37.03121 -94.63834 A,N 7 37.02808 -94.61939 A,N 55 37.04328 -94.63839 A,N 8 37.01007 -94.62034 A,N 56 37.03145 -94.63869 A,N 9 37.03160 -94.62090 A,N 57 37.04698 -94.63919 A,N 10 37.04059 -94.62125 A,N 58 37.04723 -94.63939 A,N 11 37.03780 -94.62163 A,N 59 37.03637 -94.64058 A,N 12 37.00689 -94.62173 A,N 60 37.04345 -94.64065 A,N,R 13 37.03851 -94.62200 A,N 61 37.04490 -94.64097 A,N,R 14 37.04054 -94.62203 A,N 62 37.04400 -94.64185 A,N 15 37.00975 -94.62252 A,N 63 37.03067 -94.64296 A,N 16 37.03480 -94.62283 A,N 64 37.03239 -94.64319 A,N 17 37.03637 -94.62332 A,N 65 37.03828 -94.64346 A,N 18 37.00891 -94.62337 A,N 66 37.03125 -94.64407 A,N 19 37.03448 -94.62343 A,N 67 37.03114 -94.64407 A,N 20 37.00406 -94.62402 A,N 68 37.03067 -94.64576 A,N 21 37.04221 -94.62474 A,N 69 37.03039 -94.64625 A,N 22 37.04221 -94.62474 A,N 70 37.03669 -94.64678 A,N 23 37.01826 -94.62504 A,N 71 37.03818 -94.64758 A,N 24 37.01296 -94.62519 A,N 72 37.03072 -94.64807 A,N 25 37.00288 -94.62542 A,N 73 37.03515 -94.64810 A,N 26 37.00864 -94.62582 A,N 74 37.03428 -94.64864 A,N 27 37.03447 -94.62609 A,N 75 37.02626 -94.64879 A,N 28 37.03681 -94.62662 A,N 76 37.02695 -94.65034 A,N 29 37.02454 -94.62671 A,N 77 37.02929 -94.65052 A,N 30 37.02049 -94.62698 A,N 78 37.03263 -94.65060 A,N 31 37.02149 -94.62703 A,N 79 37.02669 -94.65183 A,N 32 37.02257 -94.62758 A,N 80 37.03482 -94.65208 A,N 33 37.02545 -94.62788 A,N 81 37.04139 -94.65271 A,N 34 37.01791 -94.62798 A,N 82 37.02818 -94.65294 A,N 35 37.03537 -94.62821 A,N 83 37.02588 -94.65333 A,N 36 37.04388 -94.62825 A,N 84 37.04171 -94.65338 A,N 37 37.04422 -94.62842 A,N 85 37.03948 -94.65338 A,N 38 37.04370 -94.62879 A,N 86 37.04234 -94.65350 A,N 39 37.04309 -94.62896 A,N 87 37.02894 -94.65372 A,N 40 37.03034 -94.62914 A,N 88 37.03376 -94.65408 A,N 41 37.00170 -94.62942 A,N 89 37.02806 -94.65424 A,N 42 37.02990 -94.62965 A,N 90 37.04307 -94.65440 A,N 43 37.02368 -94.62979 A,N 91 37.04311 -94.65474 A,N 44 37.03378 -94.62994 A,N 92 37.03122 -94.65704 A,N 45 37.02033 -94.63120 A,N 93 37.03277 -94.65789 A,N 46 37.03144 -94.63217 A,N 94 37.03922 -94.65821 A,N,R

9 95 37.0383 -94.65855 A,N 105 37.02953 -94.66471 A,N 96 37.03827 -94.65856 A,N 106 37.03000 -94.66484 A,N 97 37.03817 -94.65876 A,N,R 107 37.03294 -94.66544 A,N 98 37.02670 -94.65888 A,N 108 37.02517 -94.66692 A,N 99 37.03322 -94.65910 A,N 109 37.02589 -94.66753 A,N 100 37.02677 -94.65968 A,N 110 37.03393 -94.66906 A,N 101 37.03944 -94.65993 A,N,R 111 37.03575 -94.67074 A,N 102 37.03110 -94.66202 A,N 112 37.03236 -94.67083 A,N 103 37.03075 -94.66417 A,N 113 37.02885 -94.67096 A,N 104 37.03076 -94.66422 A,N 114 37.04108 -94.64163 A,N,R

Appendix 2

Localities examined for the Green Toad, Anaxyrus debilis, as illustrated in Figure 2. Survey methods (SM) listed are A-aural, N-net/sight, R-recorders.

Lat Long SM 34 37.15425 -101.83376 A,N 35 37.18012 -101.83750 A,N 1 37.22344 -101.64900 A,N 36 37.18042 -101.83853 A,N 2 37.22354 -101.64907 A,N 37 37.20916 -101.85715 A,N 3 37.21730 -101.65176 A,N 38 37.20981 -101.85842 A,N 4 37.21879 -101.65441 A,N 39 37.25090 -101.86318 A,N 5 37.21495 -101.66351 A,N 40 37.25032 -101.86440 A,N 6 37.21472 -101.66429 A,N,R 41 37.27154 -101.86595 A,N 7 37.20372 -101.67060 A,N 42 37.27292 -101.86810 A,N 8 37.20427 -101.67242 A,N 43 37.17419 -101.87025 A,N 9 37.21380 -101.67998 A,N 44 37.17405 -101.87271 A,N 10 37.21339 -101.68126 A,N 45 37.13528 -101.88370 A,N,R 11 37.20048 -101.69260 A,N 46 37.17756 -101.89111 A,N 12 37.20065 -101.69297 A,N 47 37.13151 -101.89148 A,N 13 37.19345 -101.71808 A,N 48 37.17849 -101.89183 A,N 14 37.19528 -101.71813 A,N 49 37.13155 -101.89698 A,N 15 37.17608 -101.72231 A,N 50 37.13185 -101.90823 A,N 16 37.17714 -101.72287 A,N 51 37.13203 -101.90935 A,N 17 37.19602 -101.73210 A,N 52 37.12127 -101.91211 A,N 18 37.19573 -101.73317 A,N 53 37.12099 -101.91278 A,N 19 37.16406 -101.74344 A,N 54 37.11456 -101.91283 A,N 20 37.16472 -101.74470 A,N 55 37.11321 -101.91421 A,N 21 37.17813 -101.75010 A,N 56 37.11319 -101.92248 A,N 22 37.17849 -101.75043 A,N 57 37.11317 -101.92701 A,N,R 23 37.18335 -101.75264 A,N 58 37.12670 -101.93325 A,N 24 37.18285 -101.75299 A,N 59 37.12691 -101.93680 A,N,R 25 37.16459 -101.75960 A,N 60 37.14229 -101.93923 A,N 26 37.16592 -101.76019 A,N 61 37.14473 -101.93998 A,N 27 37.15695 -101.78616 A,N 62 37.12215 -101.94835 A,N 28 37.15773 -101.78624 A,N 63 37.12214 -101.94955 A,N 29 37.19932 -101.80571 A,N 64 37.28324 -101.94972 A,N 30 37.19897 -101.80846 A,N 65 37.11021 -101.95045 A,N 31 37.14971 -101.81655 A,N 66 37.10095 -101.95048 A,N 32 37.15044 -101.81686 A,N 67 37.10118 -101.95121 A,N 33 37.15400 -101.83225 A,N 68 37.11568 -101.95148 A,N

10 69 37.11455 -101.95150 A,N 95 37.08639 -102.00126 A,N 70 37.28797 -101.95173 A,N 96 37.11359 -102.00200 A,N 71 37.10989 -101.95203 A,N 97 37.08737 -102.00302 A,N 72 37.10299 -101.95758 A,N 98 37.09387 -102.00306 A,N 73 37.10254 -101.95769 A,N 99 37.11253 -102.00307 A,N 74 37.28653 -101.95806 A,N 100 37.15696 -102.00332 A,N 75 37.12705 -101.96356 A,N 101 37.09386 -102.00343 A,N 76 37.12350 -101.96411 A,N 102 37.17869 -102.00525 A,N 77 37.10195 -101.96832 A,N 103 37.15575 -102.00540 A,N 78 37.10221 -101.96842 A,N 104 37.17881 -102.00761 A,N 79 37.10311 -101.97881 A,N 105 37.18272 -102.01120 A,N 80 37.10313 -101.97913 A,N 106 37.15965 -102.01534 A,N 81 37.14110 -101.98413 A,N 107 37.09102 -102.01726 A,N 82 37.14102 -101.98533 A,N 108 37.09075 -102.01891 A,N 83 37.19851 -101.98554 A,N 109 37.09825 -102.02615 A,N 84 37.19804 -101.98830 A,N 110 37.09798 -102.02652 A,N 85 37.11583 -101.99088 A,N 111 37.15493 -102.03049 A,N 86 37.11167 -101.99233 A,N 112 37.15507 -102.03058 A,N 87 37.20750 -101.99441 A,N 113 37.08587 -102.03214 A,N 88 37.10162 -101.99524 A,N 114 37.08591 -102.03306 A,N 89 37.10253 -101.99541 A,N 115 37.25626 -102.03359 A,N 90 37.10515 -101.99644 A,N 116 37.20714 -102.03369 A,N 91 37.20693 -101.99648 A,N 117 37.25720 -102.03412 A,N 92 37.10524 -101.99671 A,N 118 37.20725 -102.03417 A,N 93 37.12302 -101.99757 A,N 119 37.10535 -102.03636 A,N,R 94 37.12302 -101.99860 A,N 120 37.10492 -102.03639 A,N

Appendix 3

Non-targeted amphibians, reptiles, and turtles observed in association for our search for the Pickerel Frog, Lithobates palustris, in southeastern Kansas.

Species Observed County Lat Long Date

Acris blanchardi Cherokee 37.04489 -94.63951 13 March 09 Acris blanchardi Cherokee 37.04171 -94.63899 14 March 09 Acris blanchardi Cherokee 37.04419 -94.64137 21 March 09 Acris blanchardi Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Apalone spinifera Cherokee 37.03254 -95.05808 07 May 09 Aspidoscelis sexlineata Cherokee 37.16295 -94.68748 07 May 09 Coluber constrictor Cherokee 37.01680 -94.86230 07 May 09 Diadophis punctatus Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Eurycea longicauda Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Eurycea longicauda Cherokee 37.04489 -94.63951 13 March 09 Eurycea longicauda Cherokee 37.04489 -94.63951 13 March 09 Eurycea longicauda Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Eurycea lucifuga Cherokee 37.04489 -94.63951 13 March 09 Eurycea spelaea Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Hyla chrysoscelis Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Lithobates areolatus Cherokee 37.10463 -94.78268 14 March 09 Lithobates areolatus Cherokee 37.07432 -94.77699 14 March 09 Lithobates catebeianus Cherokee 37.04489 -94.63951 13 March 09 Lithobates catebeianus Cherokee 37.25154 -94.81410 14 March 09

11 Lithobates catebeianus Cherokee 37.03831 -94.77687 14 March 09 Lithobates catebeianus Cherokee 37.04419 -94.64137 21 March 09 Lithobates catebeianus Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Lithobates catebeianus Cherokee 37.04438 -94.64061 07 May 09 Lithobates clamitans Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Lithobates clamitans Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Lithobates clamitans Cherokee 37.04424 -94.62835 13 March 09 Lithobates clamitans Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 13 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.04489 -94.63951 13 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.04424 -94.62835 13 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.25154 -94.81410 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.11850 -94.79083 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.10463 -94.78268 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.07432 -94.77699 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.03831 -94.77687 14 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.04419 -94.64137 21 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.22279 -94.90945 21 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Cherokee 37.04438 -94.64061 07 May 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Crawford 37.35363 -94.79604 21 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Crawford 37.35995 -94.77789 21 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Crawford 37.36845 -94.77794 21 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Crawford 37.37280 -94.79603 21 March 09 Lithobates sphenocephalus Crawford 37.36084 -94.77800 21 March 09 Nerodia erythrogaster Cherokee 37.01731 -95.01124 07 May 09 Nerodia erythrogaster Cherokee 37.03229 -95.02251 07 May 09 Opheodrys aestivus Cherokee 37.01739 -94.96091 07 May 09 Plestiodon anthracinus Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 14 March 09 Plestiodon fasciatus Cherokee 37.04438 -94.64061 07 May 09 Plestiodon laticeps Cherokee 37.00125 -94.63526 07 May 09 Pseudacris crucifer Cherokee 37.25154 -94.81410 14 March 09 Pseudacris crucifer Cherokee 37.11850 -94.79083 14 March 09 Pseudacris crucifer Cherokee 37.03831 -94.77687 14 March 09 Pseudacris maculata Cherokee 37.25154 -94.81410 14 March 09 Pseudacris maculata Cherokee 37.11850 -94.79083 14 March 09 Pseudacris maculata Crawford 37.37280 -94.79603 21 March 09 Pseudacris maculata Crawford 37.37673 -94.79597 21 March 09 Pseudacris maculata Crawford 37.36084 -94.77800 21 March 09 Scincella lateralis Cherokee 37.03848 -94.65937 14 March 09 Scincella lateralis Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Terrapene carolina Cherokee 37.17476 -94.64962 19 April 09 Terrapene carolina Cherokee 37.16525 -94.68586 07 May 09 Terrapene carolina Cherokee 37.00891 -94.70402 07 May 09 Terrapene carolina Cherokee 37.03241 -95.03522 07 May 09 Thamnophis proximus Cherokee 37.11680 -94.63112 07 May 09 Thamnophis sirtalis Cherokee 37.22915 -94.81401 14 March 09 Thamnophis sirtalis Cherokee 37.04504 -94.63982 18 April 09 Thamnophis sirtalis Cherokee 37.01739 -94.96091 07 May 09 Trachemys scripta Cherokee 37.05671 -94.69341 14 March 09 Trachemys scripta Cherokee 37.02090 -94.64101 07 May 09

12 Appendix 4 Non-targeted amphibians, reptiles, and turtles observed in association during our search for the Green Toad, Anaxyrus debilis, in southwestern Kansas.

Species Observed County Lat Long Date

Ambystoma mavortium Morton 37.11002 -101.95206 17 July 09 Ambystoma mavortium Morton 37.12294 -101.99863 17 July 09 Ambystoma mavortium Morton 37.08749 -102.00315 18 July 09 Ambystoma mavortium Morton 37.08050 -101.70774 14 August 09 Ambystoma mavortium Morton 37.20334 -101.70877 15 August 09 Ambystoma mavortium Morton 37.10085 -101.59327 31 August 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.12294 -101.99863 17 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.12294 -101.99863 17 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.10538 -102.03609 18 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.20042 -101.64416 18 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.16974 -101.70138 18 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.15879 -101.72607 18 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.13457 -101.72906 18 July 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.17084 -101.87997 14 August 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.26352 -101.98770 15 August 09 Anaxyrus woodhousii Morton 37.00500 -101.64258 31 August 09 Arizona elegans Morton 37.14976 -101.81663 26 June 09 Arizona elegans Morton 37.24097 -101.59901 27 June 09 Arizona elegans Morton 37.08051 -101.70776 14 August 09 Aspidoscelis sexlineata Morton 37.12864 -101.90487 17 July 09 Aspidoscelis sexlineata Morton 37.10097 -101.97224 17 July 09 Aspidoscelis sexlineata Morton 37.08046 -101.70769 1 August 09 Chelydra serpentina Lincoln 39.01676 -98.39347 16 July 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.20717 -101.66963 27 June 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.09105 -101.96922 18 July 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.10344 -101.89912 1 August 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.19028 -101.69355 14 August 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.08048 -101.70771 14 August 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.34174 -101.82761 15 August 09 Coluber constrictor Morton 37.05713 -101.62997 31 August 09 Coluber constrictor Stevens 37.18457 -101.50619 19 July 09 Crotalus viridis Morton 37.10655 -101.80686 27 June 09 Crotalus viridis Morton 37.07660 -101.66133 27 June 09 Crotalus viridis Morton 37.18522 -102.01387 17 July 09 Crotalus viridis Morton 37.17073 -101.89292 18 July 09 Crotalus viridis Morton 37.13233 -101.87805 18 July 09 Crotalus viridis Morton 37.07945 -101.96527 1 August 09 Heterodon nasicus Morton 37.01887 -101.87791 26 June 09 Heterodon nasicus Morton 37.23041 -101.63049 26 June 09 Holbrookia maculata Morton 37.11549 -101.00198 17 July 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.05679 -101.78130 26 June 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.16678 -101.68006 27 June 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.13588 -101.63331 27 June 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.11002 -101.95206 17 July 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.09104 -102.01775 18 July 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.08749 -102.00315 18 July 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.08043 -101.70765 14 August 09

13 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.23272 -101.98073 15 August 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.29453 -101.84332 15 August 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.02987 -101.93408 31 August 09 Kinosternon flavescens Morton 37.22232 -101.59493 31 August 09 Masticophis flagellum Morton 37.01887 -101.87791 26 June 09 Masticophis flagellum Morton 37.16961 -101.67980 26 June 09 Masticophis flagellum Morton 37.08412 -101.98740 17 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.20015 -101.68633 26 June 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.13515 -101.75924 26 June 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.10422 -101.98260 17 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.08564 -102.03290 18 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.10434 -102.03596 18 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.15582 -101.80089 18 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.15704 -101.79893 18 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.17823 -101.65592 18 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.14628 -101.84727 19 July 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.19687 -101.76672 1 August 09 Phrynosoma cornutum Morton 37.20990 -101.70509 31 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.08749 -101.31126 26 June 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.14976 -101.81663 26 June 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.23750 -101.68116 26 June 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.13215 -101.71747 27 June 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.12864 -101.90487 17 July 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.09363 -101.96374 18 July 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.17099 -101.73579 19 July 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.08042 -101.70763 1 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.12295 -101.91121 2 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.11548 -101.94138 2 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.08041 -101.70761 2 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.10051 -101.96282 2 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.18896 -101.74950 14 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.28452 -101.71119 14 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.08049 -101.70773 15 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Morton 37.02817 -101.95534 31 August 09 Pituophis catenifer Stevens 37.24603 -101.29050 19 July 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.28515 -101.68616 26 June 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.13520 -101.75930 27 June 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.08044 -101.70766 1 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.10622 -101.95476 1 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.08045 -101.70768 14 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.08052 -101.70777 14 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.32130 -101.97405 14 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.29963 -101.97804 14 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.30886 -101.78664 15 August 09 Spea bombifrons Morton 37.18291 -101.66473 31 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.06074 -101.68089 26 June 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.23750 -101.59021 26 June 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.04024 -101.67171 27 June 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.06681 -101.61821 27 June 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.09543 -101.58209 27 June 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.08095 -102.03420 18 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.09948 -102.03664 18 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.10538 -102.03609 18 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.17823 -101.65592 18 July 09

14 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.13351 -101.74330 18 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.07686 -101.89980 19 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.15881 -101.77759 19 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.18780 -101.70476 19 July 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.23771 -101.58352 1 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.10623 -101.92903 1 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.20343 -101.67098 1 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.33427 -101.97219 14 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.21549 -101.73182 14 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.18563 -101.81875 15 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.23114 -101.56308 31 August 09 Terrapene ornata Morton 37.08042 -101.70763 31 August 09 Terrapene ornata Stevens 37.22566 -101.31126 19 July 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.05946 -101.82255 26 June 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.19115 -101.66181 27 June 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.08749 -102.00315 18 July 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.08737 -101.90021 1 August 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.18083 -101.72530 14 August 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.22499 -101.67687 14 August 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.19761 -101.79480 15 August 09 Thamnophis radix Morton 37.27275 -101.74608 31 August 09

Respectfully submitted,

Suzanne L. Collins President JTC Enterprises, Inc. 1502 Medinah Circle Lawrence, Kansas 66047 (785) 393-2392 8 December 2009

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