Allodial Titles and Land Patents
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Guidance Note
Guidance note The Crown Estate – Escheat All general enquiries regarding escheat should be Burges Salmon LLP represents The Crown Estate in relation addressed in the first instance to property which may be subject to escheat to the Crown by email to escheat.queries@ under common law. This note is a brief explanation of this burges-salmon.com or by complex and arcane aspect of our legal system intended post to Escheats, Burges for the guidance of persons who may be affected by or Salmon LLP, One Glass Wharf, interested in such property. It is not a complete exposition Bristol BS2 0ZX. of the law nor a substitute for legal advice. Basic principles English land law has, since feudal times, vested in the joint tenants upon a trust determine the bankrupt’s interest and been based on a system of tenure. A of land. the trustee’s obligations and liabilities freeholder is not an absolute owner but • Freehold property held subject to a trust. with effect from the date of disclaimer. a“tenant in fee simple” holding, in most The property may then become subject Properties which may be subject to escheat cases, directly from the Sovereign, as lord to escheat. within England, Wales and Northern Ireland paramount of all the land in the realm. fall to be dealt with by Burges Salmon LLP • Disclaimer by liquidator Whenever a “tenancy in fee simple”comes on behalf of The Crown Estate, except for In the case of a company which is being to an end, for whatever reason, the land in properties within the County of Cornwall wound up in England and Wales, the liquidator may, by giving the prescribed question may become subject to escheat or the County Palatine of Lancaster. -
REAL ESTATE LAW LESSON 1 OWNERSHIP RIGHTS (IN PROPERTY) Real Estate Law Outline LESSON 1 Pg
REAL ESTATE LAW LESSON 1 OWNERSHIP RIGHTS (IN PROPERTY) Real Estate Law Outline LESSON 1 Pg Ownership Rights (In Property) 3 Real vs Personal Property 5 . Personal Property 5 . Real Property 6 . Components of Real Property 6 . Subsurface Rights 6 . Air Rights 6 . Improvements 7 . Fixtures 7 The Four Tests of Intention 7 Manner of Attachment 7 Adaptation of the Object 8 Existence of an Agreement 8 Relationships of the Parties 8 Ownership of Plants and Trees 9 Severance 9 Water Rights 9 Appurtenances 10 Interest in Land 11 Estates in Land 11 Allodial System 11 Kinds of Estates 12 Freehold Estates 12 Fee Simple Absolute 12 Defeasible Fee 13 Fee Simple Determinable 13 Fee Simple Subject to Condition Subsequent 14 Fee Simple Subject to Condition Precedent 14 Fee Simple Subject to an Executory Limitation 15 Fee Tail 15 Life Estates 16 Legal Life Estates 17 Homestead Protection 17 Non-Freehold Estates 18 Estates for Years 19 Periodic Estate 19 Estates at Will 19 Estate at Sufferance 19 Common Law and Statutory Law 19 Copyright by Tony Portararo REV. 08-2014 1 REAL ESTATE LAW LESSON 1 OWNERSHIP RIGHTS (IN PROPERTY) Types of Ownership 20 Sole Ownership (An Estate in Severalty) 20 Partnerships 21 General Partnerships 21 Limited Partnerships 21 Joint Ventures 22 Syndications 22 Corporations 22 Concurrent Ownership 23 Tenants in Common 23 Joint Tenancy 24 Tenancy by the Entirety 25 Community Property 26 Trusts 26 Real Estate Investment Trusts 27 Intervivos and Testamentary Trusts 27 Land Trust 27 TEST ONE 29 TEST TWO (ANNOTATED) 39 Copyright by Tony Portararo REV. -
Filing a Homestead Declaration with the County Recorder in Your County
Informational FILING A HOMESTEAD Brochure DECLARATION If you own a home, you should consider filing a homestead declaration with the County Recorder in your county. A homestead declaration protects your home from being seized and sold in the event that a money judgment is entered against you by a court. What kind of properties may be declared as a homestead? These types of property may be homesteaded: Land with a dwelling house on it plus appurtenances (fixtures and buildings). A mobile home, whether or not the mobile homeowner owns the land on which it sits. A condominium unit. Who can decide to declare a homestead? A single person or, in the case of a married couple, either or both spouses. If someone obtains a money judgment from a court against me, how will a homestead declaration protect my home? For most judgments against you, a homestead declaration protects the first $605,000 of equity you have in your home. If you have less than $605,000 equity in your home and the judgment is not of the type listed below, your home will not be sold to satisfy a judgment. If your equity exceeds $605,000, the property (or a portion of it, if a court determines it can be divided) may be sold, but you are entitled to keep the first $605,000. If allodial title has been established, the exemption extends to all equity in the land, dwelling and appurtenances. A homestead declaration will not prevent your home from being sold to pay a judgment for: Taxes. A mortgage, trust deed or other loan arrangement used to purchase or refinance your property or improvements to your property. -
As a Texian National You Will Be Identified with a Sovereign Entity (Herein After), the Republic of Texas
1. IDENTIFICATION – As a Texian National you will be identified with a sovereign entity (herein after), the Republic of Texas. A Texian National will not be a Citizen of the State of Texas, a United States Citizen or an American Citizen. Just as one born or naturalized in Norway would be a Norwegian National, one born or naturalized in the Republic of Texas will be a National of the sovereign Texas Republic. Texian Nationals will not be subjects of any other government. 2. TAXATION – As a Texian National you will not be subject to comply with any tax of the State of Texas or parts of the States of Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming, or the United States. Texian Nationals will not be required to pay enforcers Federal Income Tax, Social Security, or FICA. IRS, Federal taxes including those limited to basics such as national defense, highway, police or courts. The people’s Government will operate only from importexport fees and Chartered Corporate fees. 3. LAND OWNERSHIP – As a Texian National you will have the ability to reclaim the land that you live on through a land patent and the possibility of owning your land outright (allodial title) exists. 4. ENERGY – As a Texian National you will be free to use and develop any energy system technologically available. Texian Nationals will be free to pursue and use renewable and free energy options. 5. MEDICINE – As a Texian National you will be free to pursue any remedy available to cure or relieve symptoms related to your body. Vaccines will not be forced upon Texian Nationals. -
Real & Personal Property
CHAPTER 5 Real Property and Personal Property CHRIS MARES (Appleton, Wsconsn) hen you describe property in legal terms, there are two types of property. The two types of property Ware known as real property and personal property. Real property is generally described as land and buildings. These are things that are immovable. You are not able to just pick them up and take them with you as you travel. The definition of real property includes the land, improvements on the land, the surface, whatever is beneath the surface, and the area above the surface. Improvements are such things as buildings, houses, and structures. These are more permanent things. The surface includes landscape, shrubs, trees, and plantings. Whatever is beneath the surface includes the soil, along with any minerals, oil, gas, and gold that may be in the soil. The area above the surface is the air and sky above the land. In short, the definition of real property includes the earth, sky, and the structures upon the land. In addition, real property includes ownership or rights you may have for easements and right-of-ways. This may be for a driveway shared between you and your neighbor. It may be the right to travel over a part of another person’s land to get to your property. Another example may be where you and your neighbor share a well to provide water to each of your individual homes. Your real property has a formal title which represents and reflects your ownership of the real property. The title ownership may be in the form of a warranty deed, quit claim deed, title insurance policy, or an abstract of title. -
The Doctrine of Tenure in Australia Post-Mabo: Replacing the 'Feudal Fiction'
The doctrine of tenure in Australia post-Mabo: Replacing the ‘feudal fiction’ with the ‘mere radical title fiction’ — Part 2 Dr Ulla Secher* Until the decision of the High Court in Mabo, the universal acceptance and application of the English doctrine of tenure in Australia led to the view that all titles, rights and interests in land had to be the direct consequence of some grant of the Crown. In Mabo, however, six justices of the High Court agreed that the common law, as it had been previously understood, should be changed to recognise native title rights to land; rights which do not derive from a Crown grant. The common law device adopted by the High Court to effect this change, and thereby reconcile the doctrine of tenure and native title when the Crown acquired sovereignty of Australia, was ‘radical title’. This two-part article examines how the Mabo High Court redefined the English doctrine of tenure, or, more accurately, defined the Australian doctrine of tenure, by developing the concept of radical title. It will be seen that in order to achieve this redefinition, the court had to clarify two interrelated aspects of the common law: the applicability of the English (feudal) doctrine of tenure in Australia and the legal effect of the classification of Australia as settled. Part 1 lays the foundation for this analysis by examining the genesis of the doctrine of tenure in pre-Conquest England and the pre-Mabo effect of the colonisation of Australia and the reception of English land. The question posed in Part 2 is twofold: first, how and why the Australian doctrine of tenure, with radical title as its postulate, diverges from the doctrine of tenure in English land law. -
SECTION 1.0 Summary of California Water Rights
SECTION 1.0 Summary of California Water Rights 1.1 Types of Water Rights In California, the different types of water rights include: 1.1.1 Prescriptive Water use rights gained by trespass or unauthorized taking that ripen into a title, on a par with rights to land gained through adverse possession.1 1.1.2 Pueblo A water right possessed by a municipality that, as a successor of a Spanish-law pueblo, is entitled to the beneficial use of all needed, naturally occurring surface and groundwater of the original pueblo watershed.2 1.1.3 Groundwater The Dictionary of Real Estate Appraisal, defines groundwater as “all water that has seeped down beneath the surface of the ground or into the subsoil; water from springs or wells.”3 This is an adequate working definition if the “springs or” is eliminated because once water issues out of a spring it becomes surface water, not groundwater. As is also indicated in the following text, it is not water flowing in an underground channel. Groundwater should be thought of as the water that occupies the space between soil particles beneath the surface of the land. Groundwater is extracted exclusively by means of wells. Whenever groundwater reaches the surface in a natural manner, whether through springs or seepage into a surface water stream channel or lake, it ceases to be groundwater and becomes surface water. The jurisdiction of the SWRCB [State Water Resources Control Board] to issue permits and licenses for appropriation of underground water is limited by section 1200 of the California Water Code to “subterranean streams flowing through known and definite channels.” If use of underground water on nonoverlying land is proposed and the source of the water is a subterranean stream flowing in a known and definite channel, an application pursuant to the California Water Code is required. -
OP-236 Hartford CT 06102-5035 Connecticut Real Estate Conveyance Tax Return (Rev
Department of Revenue Services State of Connecticut PO Box 5035 OP-236 Hartford CT 06102-5035 Connecticut Real Estate Conveyance Tax Return (Rev. 04/17) Town Code Land Record OP236 0417W 01 9999 For Town Clerk Use Vol. Pg. Complete Form OP-236 in blue or black ink only. Only 1. Town 2. Location of property conveyed (number and street) Amended return 3. Are there more than two grantors/sellers? Yes If Yes, attach OP-236 Schedule A - Grantors, Supplemental Information for Real Estate Conveyance Tax Return. 4. Grantor/seller #1 (last name, first name, middle initial) Taxpayer Identification Number FEIN SSN Grantor/seller address (street and number) after conveyance City/town State ZIP code - 5. Grantor/seller #2 (last name, first name, middle initial) Taxpayer Identification Number FEIN SSN Grantor/seller address (street and number) after conveyance City/town State ZIP code - 6. Is the grantor a partnership, S corporation, LLC, estate, or trust? s Ye 7. Was more than one deed filed with this conveyance? Yes If Yes, attach OP-236 Schedule A - Grantors 8. If this conveyance is for no consideration or less than Federal only State only Both fed. & state None adequate consideration, which gift tax returns will be filed? 9. Is there more than one grantee/buyer or, is the grantee a partnership, S corporation, LLC, estate, or trust? Yes If Yes, attach OP-236 Schedule B - Grantees, Supplemental Information for Real Estate Conveyance Tax Return. 10. Grantee/buyer (last name, first name, middle initial) Taxpayer Identification Number FEIN SSN Grantee/buyer address (street and number) after conveyance City/town State ZIP code - 11. -
WHAT IS a LIEN? Your House Or Land
collect on the lien that was placed on I AM NO LONGER ON after debts are paid, any remaining WHAT IS A LIEN? your house or land. ASSISTANCE. HOW CAN I GET assets go to the proper people. RID OF THE LIEN ON MY This means that money from the sale For assets passing outside the probate goes to the State to pay off the OAA, PROPERTY? A lien is a document filed with the county process, the surviving owners or ANB, MEAD, or APTD assistance you beneficiaries will be sent a notice of the registry of deeds which alerts anyone received. You can make a voluntary payment to who wants to buy your house or land that the State in an amount equal to the Department’s claim. you have a debt against the property WHAT IF I OWN MY PROPERTY assistance provided. Upon receipt of the which must be paid when the home is WITH OTHER PEOPLE? payment, the State will remove the lien. WILL THE STATE FILE A sold or refinanced. CLAIM AGAINST MY ESTATE? If you receive OAA, ANB, or APTD cash Even if you no longer receive assistance, assistance and the property is jointly the State will only act upon the lien if you When probate is started for someone WILL THE STATE FILE sell or refinance your property, or die. owned with your spouse, when the who received OAA, ANB, MEAD, or A LIEN ON MY HOUSE? property is sold or refinanced the State APTD cash or medical assistance, the will collect on the full amount of the lien, WHAT IS AN ESTATE CLAIM? State may file a claim against the estate If you receive OAA, ANB, or APTD cash if the money from the sale is enough to for repayment of the assistance received. -
History of Estate Planning William D
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 37 | Issue 2 Article 4 12-1-1961 History of Estate Planning William D. Rollison Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation William D. Rollison, History of Estate Planning, 37 Notre Dame L. Rev. 160 (1961). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol37/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HISTORY OF ESTATE PLANNING William D. Rollison* There is no part of the law of greater interest to the people of America and England, from the standpoint of numbers, than estate planning. This interest is not something that is new; it goes back to the days of a feudal society in England shortly after the Norman Conquest. It is my purpose to give a survey of the historical development of the subject. I. Estate planning is a process that is not subject to precise delimitation, owing to the innumerable factors which must be considered. As a process it involves the use and arrangement of property for and among the members of the owner's family group according to a design that will afford the greatest benefit to the objects of the owner's bounty commensurate with estate conser- vation.' But this is only a part of the process. While the basic steps are fairly well defined, the ramifications and combinations are only limited by the ability of the deft planner, acting consistently with the law and the wishes of the prop- erty owner. -
1984-048 | 6/5/1984 | Kansas Attorney General Opinion | Robert T
June 5, 1984 ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINION NO. 84- 48 David Belling Miami County Attorney P.O. Box 245 Paola, Kansas 66071 Re: Personal and Real Property -- Conveyances of Land -- Recordation of Instruments Affecting Real Estate Synopsis: A register of deeds is required to file of record a written instrument whereby real estate may be affected. Such filing can properly be refused only if the instrument contains apparent errors, or is not proved or acknowledged and certified in the manner prescribed by law, or the register of deeds has been directed by a court not to file the instrument. A register of deeds also may refuse to file instruments that clearly do not affect real estate, or where the law requires some act, such as payment of the mortgage registration fee, before the instrument may be received and filed of record. Cited herein: K.S.A. 5872211, 58-2221; Affirming Attorney General Opinion go'. 82-164. Dear Mr. Belling: As Miami County Attorney and on behalf of the Miami County Regis- ter of Deeds you seek an opinion as to the appropriate response to a document presented to the Register of Deeds for filing which is entitled "Land Patent." You indicate that you and the Regis- ter of Deeds are uncertain as to whether such a document should be filed as requested. You have enclosed a copy of the instrument in question. It is captioned "Land Patent (The Title Deed By The Government)", and describes a parcel of property in Miami County. Attached to the document is a copy of an official United States Govern- ment land patent which apparently describes the same property (the copy is illegible). -
Effects of Title Ownership on Property
Title and or physical possession is the manner in Effects of Title which both real and personal property is owned. Ownership on Title may come in the form of deed, certificate, bill of sale, contract or some other document. Property These pieces of paper designating title are important designations that cannot be separated Author: Carolyn Paseneaux from a will. 307-778-0040 [email protected] Forms of Property Ownership Sole ownership of property is the simplest and Until substantial amounts of property are gives the holder the most complete ownership acquired, few focus on estate planning. However, possible. When the property is transferred, there the method by which titles are held to land, is a minimum of red tape since the titleholder livestock, machinery and other property can have has the right to dispose of the property. During important estate planning implications. When, the titleholder’s life there are laws of the state late in life, it is decided to plan an estate, making that dictate how the property is to be managed. changes in title ownership can create problems You cannot infringe on the rights of a neighbor, such as gift taxes. zoning restrictions dictate whether an agriculture operation is allowed in certain areas, and you Deciding on ownership is generally based on cannot disregard the interest rights of a surviving the following five factors: Preference as to sole spouse. Wyoming is a common law state and ownership or co-ownership (joint tenancy and thus protects spouses and keeps them from tenancy in common); desired disposition of being left out in the cold when the other spouse property at death; estate and inheritance tax dies.