Sustainable Natural Resources Management and Productivity Enhancement Project

Initial Environmental Examination and Environmental Management Plan

August 2014

Lao PDR: Sustainable Natural Resources Management and Productivity Enhancement Project

Prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination and environmental management plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Lao People’s Democratic Republic Peace Independence Democracy Unity Prosperity

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Department of Planning and Cooperation

INITIAL ENVIRONMENT EXAMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Lao PDR: Sustainable Natural Resources Management and Productivity Enhancement Project (SNRMPEP)

ADB Grant -0144-LAO(SF) IFAD Grant 0145-LAO (DSF 8025-LA)

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank ATT – Attapeu CPA – Champasak COM – Commercialization DAFO – District Agriculture and Forestry Department DoNRE – Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOP – Department of Planning (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) DPI – Department of Planning and Investment (provincial) DPWT – Department of Public Work and Transport EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMMP – Environment Management and Monitoring Plan EPL – Environment Protection Law IEE – initial environmental examination IFAD – International Fund for Agricultural Development MAF – Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MONRE – Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment NREO – Natural Resources and Environment Office NTFP – Non-Timber Forest Products PAFES – Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Extension Service PAFO – Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Department PCC – Provincial Coordination Committee PCO – Project Coordination Office PPMS – project Performance Monitoring System PPO – Provincial Project Office PR – Poverty Reduction PSC – Project Steering Committee ROW – Right of Way SAL – Salavanh SEK – Sekong SIEE – Summary Initial Environmental Examination SVK – Savannakhet SNRMPEP – Sustainable Natural Resources and Productivity Enhancement Project WUA – Water Use Association

Chapter 1: introduction 8 1.1 Overview of the project and environmental safeguard requirements 8 1.2 Objective of the Initial Environmental Examination 8 1.3 Scope of Initial Environmental Examination 8 1.4 Process and Methodologies 10 Chapter 2: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ON ENVIRONMEMTAL SAFEGUARDS 11 Chapter 3: describption of the subprojectS 13 3.1 SVK COM 10 Promotion Commercialization ofLivestock in Savanakhet 13 3.2 SVK PR 1Food Security and Poverty Reduction through Livestock in Savannakhet 18 3.4 SAL COM 4: The Integrated Commercial Cultivation of Sweet Potato, Peanut and Banana Subproject in Lao Ngam district of Salavanh Province 23 3.5 SAL COM1: Irrigation Development in Khong Sedone District of Salavanh 26 3.6 SALPR3:Promotion Commercialization ofLivestock in Salavanh 32 3.7 CPA COM 9: Promotion Commercialization of Small Livestock in Champasak 37 3.8 CPA COM 10: Promotion Commercialization of Pig Farmingin Champasak 41 3.9 SEK COM 4: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Sekong 44 3.10 ATT COM 1: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Attapeu 48 3.11 ATT COM 2: Integrated Rice-Pulse Based Farming System in Attapeu 56 Chapter 4: describption of environment 60 4.1. SVK COM 10 Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Savanakhet 60 4.2. SVK PR 1 Food Security and Poverty Reduction through Livestock inSepon District of Savannakhet 63 4.3. SAL COM 4: Road Rehabilitation in Lao Ngam Distric of Salavanh 66 4.4. SAL COM 1: Irrigation Development in Khong Sedone District of Salavanh 71 4.5. SAL PR3: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Salavanh 74 4.6. CPACOM 9: Promotion Commercialization of Small Livestock in Champasak 75 4.7. CPA COM 10: Promotion Commercialization ofPig Farming in Champasak 79 4.8. SEK COM 4: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Sekong 79 4.9. ATT COM 1: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Attapeu 82 4.10. ATT COM 2: Integrated Rice-Pulse Based Farming System in Attapeu 85 Chapter 5: potential environmental impacts and assessment 87 5.1. Livestock and Small Scale Agriculture Development Subproject Type 87 5.2. Irrigation Development Subproject Type 94 5.3. Road Development Subproject Type 100 Chapter 6: mitigation measures and environment management and monitoring plan 106 6.1. Mitigation Measures and Environmental Management and Monitoring Program 106 6.2. Institutional Arrangement forImplementation of EMMP 106 6.3. Grievance and Redness Mechanism 106 Chapter 7: public consultation and information disclosure 108 Chapter 8: conclusion and recommendation 113 ANNEX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN of Livestock intervention Subprojects 114

ANNEX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN for tHE kongsedone IRRIGATION intervention subproject: SAl/com/01 119 ANNEX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE LAO NGAM ROAD INTERVENTIONSubproject: SAL/COM/04 122 ANNEX 4: LIST OF KEY PARTICIPANTS OR CONTRIBUTORS IN IEE REPORT DEVELOPMENT 125

List of Tables

Table 1: Catergory B suprject which required for IEE and EMMP ...... 9 Table 2: List of villages in the SVK Com 10 subprojects ...... 13 Table 3: SVK Com 10 Subproject Implementation Schedule ...... 17 Table 4: SVK PR 1 subproject targeted villages ...... 19 Table 5: SVK PR 1 subproject implementation schedule ...... 21 Table 6: SAL COM 4 subproject implementation schedule ...... 26 Table 7: SAL COM 1 subproject targeted villages ...... 27 Table 8: SAL COM 1 subproject implementation schedule ...... 30 Table 9: SAL PR 3 subproject targeted villages ...... 33 Table 10: SAL PR 3 implementation schedule ...... 36 Table 11: CPA COM 9 subproject targeted villages ...... 38 Table 12: CPA COM 9 subproject implementation schedule ...... 41 Table 13: CPA COM 10 subprojecttargeted villages-pig raising ...... 42 Table 14: CPA COM 10 implementation schedule ...... 43 Table 15: SEK COM 4 subproject targeted villages ...... 45 Table 16: SEK COM 4 implementation schdule ...... 47 Table 17: ATT COM 1 subproject villages ...... 49 Table 18: ATT COM 1 implementation schedule ...... 53 Table 19: Name of villages in subproject area ...... 57 Table 20: Implementation schedule ...... 59 Table 21: Livestock situration in the subproject area ...... 63 Table 22: Main information of Kumban Phabang ...... 65 Table 23: NBCA in Salavanh ...... 67 Table 24:The main information of 5 Kumbans ...... 70 Table 25: Livestock situation in subproect area ...... 79 Table 26: Existing conditions of three Kumban ...... 86 Table 27: Potential impact from livestock and small scale griculture subproject type .... 88 Table 28: Impact assessment from livestock and small scale griculture ...... 90 Table 29: Potential impact from irrigation based subproject type ...... 94 Table 30: Impact significance of irrigation development ...... 96 Table 31: Potential impact from road based subproject type ...... 101

Table 32: Impact significance from road construction ...... 103 Table 33: Site visit to key activities during January, February and March 2013 ...... 108 Table 34: Site visit for validation of impacts and stakeholders consultationJanuary 26- 30th, 2014 ...... 111

List of Figures

Figure 1: SVK COM 10 subproject areamap ...... 15 Figure 2: SVK PR 1 subproject area map ...... 18 Figure 3:SAL COM 4 subproject area map ...... 24 Figure 4: Arial map of the proposed road rehabilitation area ...... 24 Figure 5: SAL COM 1 subproject area map ...... 27 Figure 6: SAL PR 3 sub-project area map ...... 32 Figure 7: CAP COM 9 subproject area map ...... 37 Figure 8: CAP COM 10 subproject area map-pig raising ...... 42 Figure 9: SEK COM 4 subproject area map ...... 44 Figure 10: ATT COM 1 subproject area map...... 49 Figure 11: ATT COM 1 subproject area map...... 57 Figure 12: Temperature in Savannakhet between 1971 to 2009 ...... 60 Figure 13: Precipitation in Savannakheet between 1970 to 2010 ...... 61 Figure 14: Map of the NBCAs in Savannakhet ...... 62 Figure 15: Templerature of Salavanh between 1990 and 2009 ...... 66 Figure 16: NBCAs in Salavanh ...... 68 Figure 17: Overview of road rehabilitation in Teme village, Lao Ngam District ...... 69 Figure 18: Overview forest and land use in the irrigation area in Sedone River ...... 72 Figure 19: Trends of the temperature of Champasak ...... 76 Figure 20: Trends of the precipitation of Champasak ...... 76 Figure 21: NBCA in Champasak ...... 77 Figure 22: Temperature in Sekong ...... 80 Figure 23: Rainfall in Sekong ...... 80 Figure 24: NBCA in Sekong ...... 81 Figure 25: Temperature in Attapeu ...... 83 Figure 26: Rainfall in Attapeu ...... 83 Figure 27: NBCA in Attapeu ...... 84 Figure 28: Examples of Pig Farming Situation ...... 93 Figure 29: Irrigation Area Situation ...... 99

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview of the project and environmental safeguard requirements

The Sustainable Natural Resources Management and Productivity Enhancement Project (SNRMPEP) are co-financed by ADB and IFAD with contribution of the Lao Government, approved in 2009 and will be implemented until 2015 with total cost of $36.77 million. Overall, this project aims to achieve sustainable natural resource management and improvedagricultural productivity by implementing threemain componentsof activities namely: (1) capacity building for agriculture and natural sector management; (2): investment in resource management and productivity enhancement (subproject investment); and (3): project management.The project was divided into 70 subprojects which focus on three areas: commercialization of agricultural production, natural resources management and poverty reduction.Of which, the small infrastructure (access road, irrigation, processing facilities) is integrated in all areas.56,000 households in 1,044 villages of five provinces in the south of Laos: Savannakhet, Salavanh, Champasak, Sekong and Attapueparticipatein the project. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) is the executing agency (EA) and Department of Planning Cooperation (DoPC) represents the MAF for overall overseeing and coordinating implementation of the project. In the local level, Provincial and District Agriculture and Forestry Offices (PAFOs and DAFOs)are the implementing agency. This project, regarding to environmental safeguards particularly the screening, is classified as category B project which only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) isrequired. This IEE report is prepared to mainly identify key potential impacts on environment and mitigation measuresor Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) includinginstitutional arrangement, consultation process and information disclosurefor execution of the EMMP. It was prepared based on IEE procedures and requirementsdefined in the EIA Decree No. 112 of Lao PDR and ADB Safeguard Policy 2009 particularly the technical guideline for impact assessment for Laos, IEE report formats of other projects funded ADB, field visits, use of affordable and available data and technologies,stakeholders consultation and consensus with Natural Resources and Environment agencies in each province.

1.2 Objective of the Initial Environmental Examination Overall the preparation of the IEE is to compliance with Lao PDR and ADB environmental safeguard requirements. Specificallythis report aims to study and analyse the data to estimate the key environmental and social impact including identifying mitigation and prevention measures to address theanticipated impacts.

1.3 Scope of Initial Environmental Examination The scope of the IEE focuses on 10 Category B subprojects in five provinces mentioned before. Specifically the assessment covered most socioeconomic and environmental aspects in each phrase of project cycle. 10 Category B subprojects and the aspects that this IEE addresses are in the Table 1 and as follows:

Table 1: Catergory B suprject which required for IEE and EMMP

Subproject Name of Subprojects District Codes 1. Attapeu Province: 2

A. Commercialization ATP/COM/01 Promotion of service providers for the commercial Pig, Poultries, Goat and Fish Raising in Vernkhene and Bat Luang Villages of Samakhixai district, Samakhixai Attapeu province ATP/COM/02 Integrated Rice-Pulse based farming system in irrigated areas of Sanamxai, Sanamxai, Samakhixai and Saysettha districts Samakhixai and Saysettha 2. Sekong Province:1 A. Commercialization SEK/COM/04 Promotion of service providers for the commercial Pig, Poultries, Goat and Thateng Fish Raising in 4 Kumb Ban of Thateng district of Sekong province 3. Salavanh Province:3 A. Commercialization SAL/COM/01 Integrated Organic Rice Based Farming for the commercialization of organic rice cultivation in Khong Sedone district, Salavanh Province Khong Sedone

SAL/COM/04 Integrated Commercial Cultivation of Sweet Potato, Peanut and Banana in Lao Ngyam district Lao Ngyam B. Poverty Reduction SAL/PR/03 Promotion of service providers for the commercial Pig, Poultries and Fish Raising in 6 Kumb Ban of Salavanh district of Salavanh province Salavanh

4. Champasack Province: 2 A. Commercialization CPA/COM/09 Promotion of service providers for the commercial Poultries, Goat and Fish Raising in Champasak province All CPA/COM/10 Promotion of service providers for the commercial Pig in Champasak province All

5. Savanakhet Provice: 2 A. Commercialization SVK/COM/10 Promotion of service providers for the commercial production of Native Chickes, Ducks in Savanakhet province All

B. Poverty Reduction SVK/PR/01 Food security and poverty reduction through improved agriculture and livestock raising in 9 villages of Sepone districts of Savannakhet Province Sepone

The socioeconomic and environmental elements that the IEE leveraged in three phases of the projects: pre-construction, during construction and post construction are:

 Physical Environment: especiallyClimate and ambient air, Geology and Soil, Topography, Water (river and underground) and Hydrologyetc

 Biological Environment: Flora (trees, shrubs and herbs) and Fauna (mammals, birds, butterflies, reptiles, amphibians and fishes)

 Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment: Economic Characteristics, Industrial Development, and Social and Cultural Resources

1.4 Process and Methodologies

As mentioned in the introduction, the IEE preparation followed the IEE procedures particularly 1) review/screening of the subprojects; 2) review environmental safeguard requirements, policies, laws and institutional framework; 3) field visits,data collection and analysis;4) impact identification and assessment; 5) report preparation; 6) consultation with stakeholders and consensus with Natural Resources and Environment agencies in each province.

As for the impact assessment, it was conducted by using impact assessment matrix which considers three dimensions: the type and scale of activities, site circumstance and timeframe to identify and determine degree and aspects of impacts. In addition, impacts were also validated through site visits, consultation/expert judgment and consensus with the stakeholders.

CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ON ENVIRONMEMTAL SAFEGUARDS

Basically the environmental assessment of development or investment projects in Lao PDR is required environmental laws and regulations. In addition, it is required by laws of other sectors and international conventions that Lao PDR ratified depending on the scope and aspects of impacts. Intuitionally, the Natural Resources and Environment (NREA) Authorities is the key body oversees overall environmental assessment including approval and certify the environmental assessment reports with coordination with relevant sectors.

The current and specific environmental laws and regulations that regulate the environmental assessment of Laos are the Environmental Protection Law (EPL) 2013, Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment 2010, Decree on the Resettlement and Compensation of Impacted people in the development project 2009, Decree on the Public Involvement 2012 and Natural Resources and Environment Minister’s Agreement on the Environment standard 2009.

The EPL 2013 is the updatedand replacement of the first EPL 1999. However, the environment impact assessment is still a core element of the EPL and defined in the article 12 and 13 about Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements for investment or development project. In addition, number of articles in the EPL 2013 also calls for other environmental obligations and meeting environmental standards and performance.

The recent Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment (ESIA) 2010 (well known as DecreeNo. 112) is the update of the Regulation on Assessment of Environmental Impact 2000. This Decree defines specifically principles, procedures and requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) especially screening of the project to determine whether the proposed project is required for IEE (group 1 project) or EIA (group 2 project). Usually Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required for large and complicate project and Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required for small scale and impact. In addition, the EIA is encouraged to follow the EIA guideline and good practice; must involve stakeholders and various level consultations, information disclosures and follow the Decree 192 below if there is resettlement and compensation.

The Decree on the Resettlement and Compensation 2009(well known as Decree No. 192) provides also principles, procedures, requirements and measures for addressing issues in relation to resettlement and compensation for impacted people in the investment project, when resettlement and compensation is required.

Decree on the Public Involvement2012 is a reinforcement policy of the Decree No.112 and 192. It also defines principles, procedures, requirements and mechanisms on public participation. This Decree is implemented in line or along with the Decree on EIA, Resettlement and Compensation mentioned above.

The Natural Resources and Environment Minister’s Agreement on the Environment standard defines specific environmental standard and requirements for meeting the standard such quality of drink and use water including waste water discharge, air and emissions standards and so on.

The relevant sectoral laws and regulations that is usually applicable and defines environmental management practices or safeguarding requirements in their specific sectors such as law on road, construction, electric, economic zone, forest, wildlife, land, water, competition handling etc depending on the area and aspects of the impacts.

In addition, the following are key international conventions that Lao PDR ratified and necessary to take in account when conducting the impact assessment. 1) ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; 2) Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage; 3) Agreement on the Cooperation for Sustainable Development of Mekong River Basin; 4) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification; 5) United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change; 6) Convention on Biological Diversity; 7) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; 8) Vienna Convention for the protection of theProtocol of the Ozone Layer; 9) Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; 10) Millennium Declaration; 11) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; 12) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; and 13) Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention).

CHAPTER 3: DESCRIBPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS

3.1 SVK COM 10 Promotion Commercialization ofLivestock in Savanakhet

This subproject is to promote commercialization of pig raising, poultry and fishery through stainable value chain approach especially by promoting linkage between livestock producer groups and business operator in Outhoumphonh, Saiphouthong, and Atsaphangthong districts, Savannakhet province. 3600 households in 70 villages of Outhoumphonh, Saiphouthong and Atsaphangthong districts will be organized as producer groups and then engaged with 6 operator who can supply inputs (small livestock: pigs, native ducks and chicken; and processed feed), markets and also meat processing. This subproject was expected to be implemented between January 2011 and December 2014 by the Division of Livestock and fisheries, PAFO with total cost of US$ 632,835. Details of the location, activities and implementation schedules are described below.

3.1.1 Location The subproject placed at 70 villages in Outhoumphonh, Saiphouthong, and Atsaphangthong districts of the Savannakhet Province. Those villages are in the Table 2 and a map of location is shown in the Figure 1 below.

Table 2: List of villages in the SVK Com 10 subprojects

Sub-Sector: Pig raising Total target HH in 3 years: 300 S.N. Village name Kumb Ban District 1 Somphetvilay No 5 Outhoumphonh 2 Nongbouathong 3 Namphou Namphou 4 Mouangkhai 5 Thapho Thapho 6 Khanthachanh Khanthachanh Saiphouthong 7 Donvay Thamueung 8 Thadane 9 Nala oong Thapho 10 Nakham Sub-Sector: Duck & Chicken raising Total target HH in 3 years: 3300 S.N. Village name Kumb Ban District

1 Seno 2 Chanthalangsy No 1 Outhoumphonh 3 Vongsamphanh 4 Saisomboon

5 Oudoummyxai 6 Chomphet 7 SAyamongkhoon 8 Nathad 9 Xai oudom 10 Nondokmai No 3 11 Vathanasomboon 12 Non Ahongnoi 13 Sanamxai 14 Nongkhamhed 15 Houymao 16 Dongmakngeo 17 Phakkhanga No 4 18 Nonvilay 19 Phonmarnga 20 Loanga 21 Thampha 22 Nakaso 23 Dongnoi No 10 24 Koudkhee 25 Haokham 26 Khok 27 Nachanh 28 Nonsavang 29 Phintai No 11 30 Saiyaphet 31 Chaleunsouk 32 Houysangthong 33 Nasenkeo 34 Dongmakko No 7 35 Phonsikeo 36 Dongnakham 37 Dongkum 38 Nalaikhok 39 Nalaidong No 2 Atsaphangthong 40 Nongpaksong 41 Tabongphet 42 Donghenh 43 Dongkilo No 1 44 Sivilay 45 Huameoung No 7

46 Dongkhouang 47 Pongdong 48 Nonghoi 49 Nongsai 50 Samakkhysai No5 51 Palai 52 Phonphang 53 Phonngoi 54 Naphangkhok 55 Pongna 56 Chealamong 57 Phonnokkeane No3 58 Lieanxai 59 Houy No6 60 Nasavang No

Figure 1: SVK COM 10 subproject areamap

COM 10 Saiphouthong Atsaphangthong

COM 10

COM 10 Outhoumphonh

3.1.2 Activities

There are four components of activities in the subproject. Component 1 is tosupport to business operator or service providers; Component 2 supportestablishment of revolving funds for the livestock raising for producer groups; Component 3: formation of producer groups of all 3600 targeted households and Component 4: provision for demonstrations of livestock raising.

The Component 1: Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP)is to: 1) Support existing Piglet Production Center for producing at least 2,000 piglets per year to supply to 300 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs, 10 piglets per household. 2) Support establishing Piglet Production Center for producing at least 40,000 ducklings to supply to 300 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs,30 ducklings per household. 3) Support establishingChick Production Center for producing at least 40,000 chicks to supply to 300 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs,30 chicks per household. 4) Support establishingone Meat Processing Centerto process and package pig meat and poultry 5) Support establishing Feed Processing Factory, minimum one to two tones per day. The feed processing factory shall have to enter into agreement with maize farmers (whom the project is supporting) 6) Support production of Maize, applies intercropping with pigeon peain 200 ha to supply as raw material for animal feed processing center.

Component 2: Provision of revolving fund for livestock raising groups: 1) For purchase of piglets and feedfor 300 households, 30 Groups. 2) For purchase of ducklings and feedfor 1500 households, 150 Groups. 3) Revolving fund for purchase of native chicks and feedfor 1800 households ,180 Groups.

Component 3: Group Formation is to Supportforming 3 producer groups in each village; Pig, Duck Raising and Chicken Raising Groups. 30 Pig raising groupsfor 300 households, 150 Duck raising groups for 1500 households and 180 Chicken raising groups for 1800 households.

Component 4: Demonstration of Livestock Raisinginclude establish: 1) 10 deep litter pig raising system (10 piglets)for 10 project villages 2) 20 Duck raising demonstration (20 ducklings)in each villages. 3) 20 Chicken raising demonstration (20 chicks) in each poorest Kumb Ban

3.1.3 Implementation Schedule

The subproject implementation will be started from January 2011 until December 2014by the Division of Livestock and fisheries ofProvincial Agriculture and Forestry Offices, PAFO.Detail time schedules of each activity are as in the table below.

Table 3: SVK Com 10 Subproject Implementation Schedule

No. Components 2011 2012 2013 2014

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 Support to establish piglet breeding center 2 Support to establish the duckling production center 3 Support to establish the Native chick production center 4 Support to establish the Meat Processing Center 5 Support to establish the Feed Processing Factory 6 Support to production of maize with intercropping with pigeon peas 7 Revolving fund for the purchase of piglets and feeds 8 Revolving fund for the purchase of ducklings and Feed 9 Revolving fund for the purchase of native chicks and feed 10 Formation of Pig Raising Groups 11 Formation of Duck Raising Groups 12 Formation of Chick Raising Groups 13 Demonstration of Pig Raising using the deep litter system 14 Demonstration of Duck Raising Groups 15 Demonstration of Chicken Raising Groups

3.2 SVK PR 1Food Security and Poverty Reduction through Livestock in Savannakhet

This subproject aims at enhancing food security and poverty reduction through improved agriculture and livestock raising in 568 households with 3,192 persons in 9 villages Kum Ban Phabang of Sepone districts of Savannakhet Province. US$519,476 US$ will be invested for this subproject. Of which US$ 494,976 is under SNRMPEP support and US$ 24,500 contributed by Farmers.Savannakhet PAFO is the functional Executing agency; the DAFO Sepone and Governor Office of Sepone district are implementing agencies. Details of the project are described below.

3.2.1 Location The subproject will be implemented in 9 villages of Kumb Ban Phabang of Sepone district. Figure 2 and Table 4 shows the location and villages respectively.

Figure 2: SVK PR 1 subproject area map

PR 1

Sepon

Table 4: SVK PR 1 subproject targeted villages

S.No. Village Village Name Name of Kumban District Code

1 001 Ban Lousalia Kumban Phabang Sepone 2 002 Ban Tapong 3 004 Ban Sobsalou 4 006 Ban Kok 5 009 Ban Laveun 6 010 Ban Na 7 012 Ban Phabang 8 013 Ban Mai 9 015 Ban Namthone

3.2.2 Activities There are 6main components in the subproject, the detailed of componentsare as follows: Component 1: Land Use Planning and Land Allocation

Land use planning in 9 target villages of 1 Kumb Ban, soil analysis, issue of permanent land certificate for target households, produce land use boundary maps for each target villages

Component 2: Improved Crop Productivity and stabilization of cultivation in upland area

1) Revolving fund for the improved upland Rice-Pigeon pea and other pulse crops based farming and Zero Tillage Farming System for 450 ha in 9 target villages.50 ha increased every year. 2) Revolving fund for the other commercial crops/trees cultivationfor 50 ha. 25 ha increased every year. 3) Revolving fund for the intensive irrigated cultivationfor30 ha area planted under double cropping system following appropriate crop rotation in Phabang Kumban 4) Establishment of nursery for the production of seedlings of commercial treewith production capacity of 100,000 commercial tree seedlings under private sector.

Component 3: Livestock development 1) Development of pasture land for the cow and goat raising: 50 ha. Area planted under the fodder crops like mulato, guinea and Napier grass 2) Revolving fund for the livestock raising: 50 household will raise 3 livestock for each with improved management practices 3) Male livestock of improvement breed: 18 bulls of Red Sindhi will be provided to the cattle raising groups, 2 bulls in each village 4) Revolving fund for the Goat raising: 100 families will raise 4 goat for each family with improved management practices

5) Promotion of poultry raising: 100 families start compost making from the organic waste and animal dung 6) Vaccination Revolving Fund for DAFO: DAFO have one functional vaccination storage and supply center with refrigerator facilities 7) Cattle shade: Animal cage one for cattle raising group 8) Animal fodder storage: Cattle raising group have storage to give animal dry fodder 9) Bio gas: Cattle raising group have 2 units

Component 4: Construction of Gravity Irrigation Scheme

Survey, design and construct a100 ha Gravity Irrigation Scheme for 40 Householdin Phabang village.

Component 5: Capacity Building

1) 3 TOTs for the Technical Staff for the upland agriculture and zero tillage farming system. 2) Training for the upland agriculture and zero tillage farming system for 390 farmers (30 from each village). 3) Training on pasture land development, fodder tree plantation and management for farmers. 4) Training on cattle raising and health management for 50 households each year for 3 years. 5) Training on goat raising and health management for 100 households each year for 3 years. 6) Training onpoultry raising and health management for 100 households each year for 3 years. 7) Training for (2) Village Veterinary Workers on the livestock vaccination and basic training for the animal disease treatment. 8) 3 trainingson the group fund management for Kumb Ban. 9) 6 trainingsfor WUG in Phabang village on the irrigation system management, water distribution and judicious use of irrigation water for the crop production. 10) Need based trainings: 10 need based farmers training will be conducted depending upon the prevailing training need.

Component 6: Farmers Contribution

1) Making 200 poultry cages using local material. Increase 50 households every year. 2) Development and maintenance of 50 ha pasture land. 3) Making 50 cattle shades using local material. 4) Labour for construction of irrigation schemes. 5) Management of 100 ha plantation of Yangbong, banana and black pepper.

3.1 SNK PR 1 Subproject Implementation Schedule The subproject will start from December 1st, 2011 to December, 2014. Table below is detail time schedule of each component of activity:

Table 5: SVK PR 1 subproject implementation schedule

Activities 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Land Use Planning and Land Allocation Land Use Planning in 9 target villages Natural Resource Conservation Improved Crop Productivity and stabilization of cultivation in upland area Revolving fund for the improved upland Rice-Pigeon pea and other pulse crops based farming system and Zero Tillage Farming System Revolving fund for the other commercial crop/tree cultivation Revolving fund for the intensive irrigated cultivation Establishment of nursery for the production of seedlings of commercial tree Livestock development Development of pasture land for the cow and goat raising Revolving fund for the livestock raising Male livestock of improvement breed Revolving fund for the Goat raising Male Goat of improved variety Promotion of poultry raising Compost making Vaccination Revolving Fund for villages Vaccination Revolving Fund for DAFO Cattle shade Animal fodder storage Bio gas Construction of Gravity Irrigation Scheme Survey and design of Gravity Irrigation Scheme in Thaphing village Construction of Gravity Irrigation Scheme in Thaphing village Capacity Building TOT for the Technical Staff for the upland agriculture and zero tillage farming system Farmers Training for the upland agriculture and zero tillage farming system Farmers training for the pasture land development and fodder tree plantation and management

Activities 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Farmers training for the cattle raising and cattle health management Farmers training for the Goat raising and Goat health management Farmers training for the Poultry raising and Poultry health management Training of the Village Veterinary Workers for the livestock vaccination and basic training for the animal disease treatment Farmers training for the group fund management Training of WUG for the irrigation system management, water distribution and judicious use of irrigation water for the crop production Need based trainings Farmers Contribution Farmers Contribution for poultry raising to make the poultry cages using local material Farmers contribution for the pasture land development Farmers Contribution for Making cattle shade Farmers Contribution for Construction of Irrigation schemes Farmers Contribution for Plantation crop management

3.4 SAL COM 4: The Integrated Commercial Cultivation of Sweet Potato, Peanut and Banana Subproject in Lao Ngam district of Salavanh Province

The Integrated Commercial Cultivation of Sweet Potato, Peanut and Banana Subproject in Lao Ngam district, Salavanh Province aims at development of the new variety crops production, support the post harvest, processing, road linked with markets and value-adding technology of sweet potatos, peanuts, bananas for the farmers; leading to improve livelihood and reduce poverty for 1474 households with 7553 persons in 9 villages in the district. There are 6 main components of activities defined for the subproject namely Component 1:Establishment of the production & Processing group; Component 2: Land Use planning & Land Allocation; Component 3: Establishment of Farm Mechanization Demonstration; Component 4: Revolving Funds for the planting of the crops; Component 5: Establishment of processing Plant and Component 6: Rural Access Road to production villages. The subproject will implement from November 1st, 2011 to November, 2014 with total budget of US$487,450.7553 persons in the five kumbans are expected to get direct benefits from the subproject and thousands of people in the neighbor villages can benefit indirectly.Salavanh PAFO is the functional Executing Agency, the Lao Ngam districts particularly DAFO is the direct management agency. This subproject, according to the screening, is classified as category B project and required for Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) particularly road development. Therefore, following description was focused on only road construction activity.

3.4.3 Location

As mentioned earlier, the proposed road construction is one of the subproject’s main activities in Lao Ngam district, Salavanh Province. The proposed roadconnects road No. 20 which link Pakse and Salavanh at Km 45 or Teme village and passes directly through 9 villages belong 5 Khum Ban. Those villages and Khum Ban are Ban Ngew, Ban Lane, Ban Teme, Ban Donedou, Ban Nongkae, Ban Dongluang, Ban Dongsuang, Ban Dongban, Ban Vanpeuay. Figure 3 and 4 below shows the location of the subproject and road.

Figure 3:SAL COM 4 subproject area map

Figure 4: Arial map of the proposed road rehabilitation area

3.4.2 Road Construction

The existing road is 36.30 km long, road surface is 6.00-6.45m wide. There are currently 3 bridges and 25 culverts. In spite of an important alignment of the district, the road was upgraded 4 years ago and now is in poor state. Drainage capacity and road width are not sufficient. In rainy season, traffic is not so convenience, which negatively impacts on domestic and production aspects of local people in the sub-project area and neighboring areas. So Salavanh PAFO, Lao Ngam DAFO, villages and farmers in the villages asked for investment for update 3 km starting point at Teme Village (Km45+00) of the road No. 20 to Ngew Village. The road can assist farmers in subproject area for transportation sweet potato, banana, peanut and other production, agricultural input, especially there are 70 - 92 ha of sweet potato, 25 ha banana, 25 ha peanut nearby of road that will get direct benefit from the road for linked with markets. Initially the proposed rural access road in the feasibility report was 3 km. Itslocation start from Teme village at Km 45+00 of Provincial Road No.20 to the connect road to Khongsedone district (Figure 1). It expected the road to be upgraded to asphalt road grade VI with 7m wide road-way and 6 wide road surfaces in accordance with the design standard of road Ministry of Communication and Transportation (MCT) of Lao PDR. The road mainly keeps the existing alignment. Exceptionally, some sections are locally adjusted. Road-way is designed with frequency 4% and loading capacity of 11 tons. It follows the elevation of the existing road-way to minimize backfill volume.Sections Km0+00Km3+00 will constructed with asphalt layer in accordance with the standard of MCT; 3cm thick. Sub-base is 20 cm thick macadam layer grade 1 above compacted aggregate soil layer K98.Particularly, road surface has never flooded and will be constructed with asphalt grade 300, 22cm thick ballast 1x2 above aggregate sub-base with 20cm thick macadam grade. The lower layer is 30cm thick compacted aggregate soil layer K98.There are totally 25 culverts. Structures are mainly round culverts or concrete slab culverts. Longitudinal drainage system is triangular earth canal with a dimension of 50x50x100cm. At some sections with longitudinal slope of ≥ 6%, canal bed will be reinforced with 25 cm thick stone and concrete mortar.System of pickets, signs will be fully equipped to ensure traffic safety in accordance with road sign regulation. At some backfilled positions with an elevation of ≥ 4m, curves and roads at both ends of bridges, reflective signs will be used. Total cost of road improvement is US$ 300,000. However, there were some changes to satisfy local demand and transport necessity, the proposed road design was changed to 15 km of graveled road with same ROW on the existing soil packed road. Quarry sites are on the areas along the road. Some sites are under villagers’ ownership but it is voluntarily dedicated to project and/or the quarry sites are converted to fish pond for the villagers. No camp site and material stock area as the contractor office is in the area and materials such as soil and gravel are stocked on the road side. Water from nearby river is used for watering the road.

3.4.3 Implementation schedule Overall, the subproject will be started from November 1st, 2011 to November, 2014. In which, the construction of road duration is 24 months and it is estimated that the construction is started in April 2012 and completed in March, 2014. Below are details about time schedule of each activity.

Table 6: SAL COM 4 subproject implementation schedule

2011 2012 2013 2014 No. Activities Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Establishment of Sweet Potato and 1 Peanut Production Group Establishment of Peanut Production 2 Group

Establishment of Banana 3 Production Group Land Use Planning & Land 4 Allocation 5 Tractor with 90 HP Revolving Fund for the 6 Management of the Tractor Revolving funds for the planting of 7 crops Revolving fund for Processing of the 8 Banana, Peanut and Sweet potato Establishment of Market information 9 System 10 Survey and design of Road 11 Construction of Road

3.5 SAL COM1: Irrigation Development in Khong Sedone District of Salavanh

The sub-project is to improve the livelihoods for 498 rice producing households in 12 villages of Khong Sedone district by the adoption of a sustainable irrigation-based organic rice cultivation farming system particularly through implementation of 5 main components of activities: (1) Establishment of the Production Groups, (2) Land Use Planning and Land Allocation, (3) Establishment of the demonstrations and revolving funds for the production, (4) Post Harvest Processing & Establishment of the Market Information System, (5) Repair of 3 irrigation schemes. The subproject will be started from October 1st, 2011 to October, 2014 by PAFO Salavanh which is the functional Implementation Agency and the Khong Sedone district DAFO which is the direct management agencies. The toal cost is US$449,649 including training costs. This subproject, according to the screening, is classified as category B project and required for Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) particularly development of irrigation schemes. Therefore, following description was focused on only irrigation schemes.

3.5.3 Location As mentioned, the sub-project’s irrigation schemes located at 12 villages of Khong Sedone district. These villages lie along the Sedone River and National Road No. 13th South. Picture and table below are the map and list of key villages that the irrigation schemes cover.

Figure 5: SAL COM 1 subproject area map

Table 7: SAL COM 1 subproject targeted villages

No Number and name of Kumb Bans Number and name of villages

Name Number Name

1 Tan Piao 1 Ban Tan Piao

Khamthong 3 1. Khamthong, 2. Donemuang 3. Hin Sieu,

Khong Sedone 4 1.Nahan, 2. Boulapha, 3. None Khor, 4.Bang Kang,

Keng Huat 2 1. Keng Khone, 2. Keng Huat

Tha Luang 2 1. Okart, 2 Nong Khulu

3.5.2 Irrigation schemes rehabilitation The main works for rehabilitation are only repair of pump, the reconstruction of extension concrete canals of about 500 metres or replace earth canals, their associated tertiary canals and control gates. Existing pumps are more than 10 years old and required repair regular or yearly. The existing canals are earth canals which are also more than 10 years, broken and caused water leakage in number of places. Described below are current situation of each irrigation schemes.

1. Tanpiao Irrigation Scheme

This scheme is located in Tanpiao village. Currently 80 ha area is under irrigation by this scheme. Total 51 households are using this scheme. This scheme is equipped with electric pump and concrete canal of about 110 meters. Because of not well maintained, there is lot of leakage of water resulting water logging on head area and shortage of water in tail end. There is need to repair this scheme and the proposed rehabilitation of this irrigation scheme is to fix the broken pump, canal and improvement of organization for rehabilitation and water use mechanism.

2. Khamthong Irrigation Scheme

This scheme is located in Khamthong village. Currently 100 ha area is under irrigation by this scheme. Total 42 households are using this scheme.

This irrigation schemes was developed in 1997 and through improvement in the periods of 1981 to 1985 and 1991-1993. The development and improvement works were under government’s budget. dated This schemes is not well maintained, there is lot of leakage of water resulting water logging on head area and shortage of water in tail end. There is need to repair this scheme. The rehabilitation of the irrigation includes the construction of the concrete canal of 410 meters.

3. Beungkang and Khamthong Irrigation Scheme

This scheme is located in Beungkang village. Currently 110 ha area is under irrigation by this scheme. Total 50 households are using this scheme. This schemes is not well maintained, there is lot of leakage of water resulting water logging on head area and shortage of water in tail end. There is need to repair this scheme.

4. Kenghuat Irrigation Scheme

This scheme is located in Kenghuat village. Currently 85 ha area is under irrigation by this scheme. Total 50 households are using this scheme. This schemes is not well maintained, there is lot of leakage of water resulting water logging on head area and shortage of water in tail end. There is need to repair this scheme.

5. Nongkhulu Irrigation Scheme

This scheme is located in Nongkhulu village. Currently 100 ha area is under irrigation by this scheme. Total 26 households are using this scheme. This schemes is not well maintained, there is lot of leakage of water resulting water logging on head area and shortage of water in tail end. There is need to repair this scheme.

All irrigated rice production yields 4 t/ha for rice dry season and 3.5 t/ha for rice rainy season. The total cost for irrigations system development is expected US$ 102,500.

3.5.3 Implementation schedule Overall, the subproject will be started from October 1st, 2011 to October, 2014. Of which the proposed rehabilitation of irrigation is scheduled in 2012. Table 6 below is the implementation timeframe for each component of activities.

Table 8: SAL COM 1 subproject implementation schedule

2011 2012 2013 2014 June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Preparation of Sub-project 1 design & feasibility analysis Form farmer production groups, 2 organic training, group leader training Train & mobilize district & 3 Kumban crop extension specialists Establish Organic production 4 demonstrations in 6 villages Train revolving fund managers, 5 disperse funds Survey, design of irrigation canal 6 extensions Organic rice produced and 7 certified on trial basis Preparation of bidding plan, 8 selection of construction contractors for irrig. Canal Commencement - completion of 9 irrigation canal construction Source & supply improved seed 10 variety& bio-fertilizer Preparation of design, bidding plan, selection of construction contractors for processing plant 11 building

2011 2012 2013 2014 June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May 12 Identify organic rice market Establish organic rice processing plant ownership & management 13 structure Procurement of organic rice 14 processing equipment Operate organic rice grading & 15 packaging plant Continuing technical support to 16 organic farmers Organic rice production contracts 17 to farmers Production of organic rice on 18 commercial scale Land use planning and title 19 certificates issued

20 M&E on-going 21 O&M of processing equipment

22 O&M of irrigation infrastructure

3.6 SALPR3:Promotion Commercialization ofLivestock in Salavanh

This subproject is to promote commercialization of livestock especially pig, poultry and fishery with the use of Value Chain Approach which focused on enhancing producer groups and business service providers in Salavanh, Wapi, Tumlan, Khonsedon districts; Salavanh province. 1950 households in 67 villages in these districts will embrace sustainable value chain; in which producer groups are established and engaged with 6 business service providers who provide inputs such as small livestock namely pigs, native ducks and chicken, and fish; processed feed and buy back the livestock to process meat products for external markets.

Total budget of this subproject is 512,815. Of which is contributed by SNRMPEP 457,815 and 55,000 shared by the private companies. This subproject will be implemented by Division of Livestock and Fisheries of Salavanh Provincial PAFO.Details of subproject location, activities and schedule are as follows.

3.6.1 Location The subproject will be implemented in the Salavanh, Wapi, Tumlan and Khongsedon districts of the Salavanh province. The Figure 6 show the target villages in the map and numbers of targeted villagers are was in the Table 8. Figure 6: SAL PR 3 sub-project area map

Table 9: SAL PR 3 subproject targeted villages

No Village name Kumb Ban District Sub-Sector: Fishery Total target HH in 3 years: 450 1 Nakoisao Nakoisao 2 Nalath 3 Soung Viengkham 4 Phao 5 Thuongnakham Beungkharm Salavanh 6 Charn Tai 7 Phakpheoset Beungxai 8 Napholeune 9 Nadornkhuang Naphaeng Nhai 10 Naphaeng Nhai 11 Maed Souliya Wapi 12 Muangvernkham Banlaoh 13 Dindark Kalaeng Tumlan 14 Nongkaxorng Khong Nhai Khongsedon 15 Natarnse Kaengkhon Sub-Sector: Pig Raising Total target HH in 3 years: 300 1 Nakoinsao Nakhoinsao

2 Naxai Noin Naxai Noin Salavanh 3 Naxai Nhai 4 Beungxai Beungxai 5 Samia Souliya 6 Nongphoh Wapi 7 Wapi Neua Wapi 8 Hinsew Khamthong 9 Namouang Nhai Namouang Khongsedon 10 Napong Napong Sub-Sector: Duck Raising Total target HH in 3 years: 450 1 Koh Viengkham Kuay

Thuongnakham Beungkharm Salavanh

Nongmor Beungsay Beungsay Neua

2 Banlaoh Banlaoh Kangsouthi

Saphah Wapi

Bangkhanam Wapi Huaykhon

3 Hinsew Khamthong Khongsedon

No Village name Kumb Ban District Nonsamlarn

Nongkhuluh

Khok Hinkong Nanuong

Hatdoo Kaenghuat

Sub-Sector: Native Chicken Poultry Total target HH in 3 years: 900

1 Nathoun Nhai Nakhoisao 2 Thathuay 3 DongNong

4 Laengkaoh Naxai Noin 5 Songkalong Salavanh 6 Kaengkavaoh 7 Thameuangkaoh Naphaeng Nhai 8 Saokadee 9 Khornlath

10 Phon Ngarm Kalaeng 11 Samakheexay 12 Kaenghang 13 Kokmuang Kokmuang Tumlarn 14 Tabaeng 15 Huaylai Tumlarn 16 Nalacharng 17 Naphontarn Banlaoh 18 Nahuahaed 19 Khornsay Khornsay 20 Dornkhaa Wapi

21 Khanaoh Naxiat 22 Naxiat 23 Thuongkhian 24 Dinkork Napuong 25 Koodmyxay

26 Natarndong Namek 27 Namek Khongsedon 28 Nateuay 29 Eleung Namuang 30 Khok Huaxarng

3.6.2 Activities This subproject has four components of activities like the SVK COM4. Component 1 is to support to business service providers; Component 2 support establishment of revolving funds for the livestock raising for producer groups; Component 3: formation of producer groups of all 3600 targeted households and Component 4: provision for demonstrations of livestock raising.

Component 1: Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP): 1) Establishing the Piglet Production Center can produce and supply at least 2,000 piglets per year for 300 target beneficiaries (10 piglets per household). 2) 2 functional public and private fish hatcheries which can produce and supply 2 million fish fingerlings per year for 450 target beneficiaries. One of the fish hatcheries shall be set up by the Nong Deng Technical Center andthe fish varieties are common carp, cat fish, tilapia and other varieties of carp. 3) Establishing the Duckling Production Center which can produce and supply at least 40,000 ducklings for450 target beneficiaries (30 ducklings per household). 4) Establishing the Chick Production Center for producing and supplying at least 40,000 chicksfor900 target beneficiaries (30 chicks per household). 5) Establishing one Meat Processing Center to process and package pig meat and poultry. 6) Establishing the Feed Processing Factory, minimum one to two tones per day. (The feed processing factory shall engage with maize farmers whom the project is supporting). 7) Supporting 60 groups of farmers to produce maize with intercropping with pigeon pea in 100-200 ha to supply as raw material for animal feed processing center.

Component 2: Provision of revolving fund for livestock raising particularly: 1) For the purchase piglets and feed for 300 households organised into 30 Groups. 2) For the purchase ducklings and feed for 450 households organised into 45 Groups. 3) For the purchase fish fingerlings and feedfor 450 households organised into 45 Groups. 4) For purchase native chicks and feed for 900 households organised into 90 Groups.

Component 3: Group Formation 1) 30 Pig raising groups (300 hhs), 45 Fish raising groups (450 hhs), 45Duck raising groups (450 hhs) and 90 Chicken raising groups (900 hhs) shall be established. 2) 60 farmer groups for maize and pigeon pea integrated cropping for 200 ha/year promoted.

Component 4: Demonstration of Livestock Raising 1) 10 deep litter pig raising system (10 piglets) demonstrated in 10 project villages 2) 23 Fish raising sites (1000 fingerlings of all the 5 native varieties) demonstrated in 23 different villages. 3) 40 Duck raising sites (20 ducklings each) demonstrated in each of the target villages.

4) 50 Chicken raising sites (20 chicks each) demonstrated each of the poorest Kumb Ban

3.6.3 Implementation schedule The Sub-Project will be started from 1st November 2011 to October 2014 in which the time period to support in establishing service providers is 36 months. Details of activities are as shown in the table below.

Table 10: SAL PR 3 implementation schedule

Components 2011 2012 2013 2014 No Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Support to establish piglet breeding center 2 Support to improve the fish hatchery 3 Support to establish the duckling production center 4 Support to establish the Native chick production center 5 Support to establish the Meat Processing Center 6 Support to establish the Feed Processing Factory Support to production of maize with intercropping with 7 pigeon peas 8 Revolving fund for the purchase of piglets and feeds 9 Revolving fund for the purchase of Fish fingerlings and feed 10 Revolving fund for the purchase of ducklings and Feed 11 Revolving fund for the purchase of native chicks and feed 12 Formation of Pig Raising Groups 13 Formation of Fish Raising Groups 14 Formation of Duck Raising Groups 15 Formation of Chick Raising Groups 16 Formation of maize and pigeon pea group 17 Demonstration of Pig Raising using the deep litter system 18 Demonstration of Fish Raising Groups 19 Demonstration of Duck Raising Groups 20 Demonstration of Chicken Raising Groups

3.7 CPA COM 9: Promotion Commercialization of Small Livestock in Champasak

This subproject promote commercialization of poultry, fishery and frog hatchery with Value Chain Approach by promoting producer groups and business service providers in 79villages in 9 distircts (Bachieng, Champasak, Khong, Pakse, Phonethong, Sanasomboun, Sukhuma, Munlapamok and Pathumphone) of Champasak province by:  Creating sustainable value chain for small livestock and meat especially financial, technological support and market linkage to 3020 households in the 79 villages.  Formation of producer groups healthy livestock rearing and engage with promoted 5 business service providers who can supply small livestock (native ducks, Fishes, Frogs and chicken); purchase back, processed feed and processed meat products for external markets. The Division of Livestock and fisheries is the functional Implementation agency, Champasak PAFO is the management and O&M agency. The implementation will be started from 1st January 2012 to December 2014 with total investment of US$ 601,945. Details of subproject location, activities and implementing schedule are described below.

3.7.1 Location The subproject will be implemented in the Bachieng, Champasak, Khong, Pakse, Phonethong, Sanasomboun, Sukhuma, Munlapamok and Pathumphone districts of Champasak province, Lao PDR. The subproject site and targeted villages are presented in the Figure 8 and Table 9 respectively.

Figure 7: CAP COM 9 subproject area map

Table 11: CPA COM 9 subproject targeted villages

No Village name District Sub-Sector: Fishery 1 1. Lak 20 2. Lak 25 3. Ban Muang 4. Lak 30 5. Huayphay Pathumphone 6. Nongbuanoi 7. NongbuaNgai 8. Tomotha 9. Pathumphone 1. Boungkeo 2. Kongkian 3. Bark 4. Samkham Thadsampang 2 5. Nongphanvong Sukhuma 6. Nonghuaban 7. Hae 8. Hauylek 9. Paksang 1. Ban Mai 2. Luangsok 3. Pamok 4. Veunkhaen 5. SaphangNgai 3 Munlapamok 6. HuayNgang 7. Nadi 8. Sanwa 9. Salaosong 10. Veun 1. Thahai 4 Pakse 2. Nonesawang Sub-Sector: Duck Raising 1 1. Donekhor 2. HuayNgangkham Pakse 3. Ban Kang 1. Nonesawanh 2 2. Boungkha Sanasomboum 3. Paksone 1. Wathor 2. Thaluang 3 Phonethong 3. Phonethong 4. Phoxai 1. Lak 18 4 2. Kaengchia Bachieng 3. Nongkok 1. Lak16 5 2. Xiengwang Pathumphone 3. Boungkham

No Village name District 4. KhoneNoi 1. Somhong 6 2. Thatan Champasak 3. Nongpham 1. Donghuaban 2. Thaseng 7 Sukhuma 3. Pakuay 4. Boungkeo 1. Donepeay 8 2. Donenangloi Munlapamok 3. Thahae 1. Boung 9 2. Hadsaikhoun Khong 3. Kadan Sub-Sector: Chicken Raising 1 1. Nonesawang 2. Xongxe 3. Chadsan 4. Nachieng 5. Dongkalong Pakse 6. Phonesikhai 7. Hauylao 8. PhoneGnam 9. Nonedou 10. Hae 1. Huayten 2. Pakhuaydeua 3. Nongsai 4. NongbokNgai 5. Lomsaktai 2 Bachieng 6. Oudomsouk 7. Nonesai 8. Kaeng Ngao 9. Kaengchia 10. Nongkok 1. Lak 40 2. Pathumphone 3. Boungkham 4. Huaymaesang 3 5. Tomotha Pathumphone 6. Lak 48 7. Paktuay 8. Nongbuanoi 9. Huayphay

10. Muang

3.7.2 Activities This subproject has four components of activities like the SVK COM4 and SAL PR 3. Component 1 is to support to business service providers; Component 2 support establishment of revolving funds for the livestock raising for producer groups; Component 3: formation of producer groups of all 3020 targeted households and Component 4: provision for demonstrations of livestock raising.

Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP) includes: 1) Providing financial support 1 public and 1 private center for purchase of fish seeds, fish and feed, installation of the sterilization facility which can produce 1 million fish fingerlings per year for 450 targeted HHs of the subproject. 2) Establishing the ducklings Production Center for producing at least 40,000 ducklings to supply to 900 target beneficiaries (30 ducklings per household). 3) Establishing the Chick Production Center for producing at least 40,000 chicks to supply to 900 target beneficiaries (30 chicks per household). 4) Establishing3Goat and Sheep production center for producing 2,000 goats and lambs/kids for 300 target HHs (10 goat or lambs/kids per HH).

Provision of revolving fund for livestock raisingparticularly: 1) For the purchase fish fingerlings and feed for 900 households (90 groups, average 10 members per group) including fund for 60 households (6 groups). 2) For the purchase ducklings and feed for 900 households organised (90groups). 3) For purchase native chicks and feed for 900 households (90groups).

Group Formation includes: 1) 30 goats/sheep raising groups (300 households). 2) 90 fish raising groups for pond fishery and 6 for cage fishing (900 and 60 households respectively). 3) 90 duck raising groups (900 households). 4) 90 chicken raising groups (900 households).

Demonstration of Livestock Raising includes: 1) 10 goat/sheep demosites (10 kids/lambs) demonstrated in each village. 2) 10 frog raising demo sites in rice fields, 1site for each village. 3) 10 duck raising demo sites (20 ducklings) demonstrated each village. 4) 10 chicken raising sites (20 chicks) demonstrated in each village.

3.1 Implementation schedule Overall, the implementation will be started from 1st January 2012 to December 2014. In which, each activity will be implemented in different time as show in the table below.

Table 12: CPA COM 9 subproject implementation schedule

No. Components 20 2012 2013 2014 11 Q4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Support to improve the Government Fish & Frog Hatchery in government sector 2 Support to improve Fish and Frog Hatchery in the Private sector 3 Support to establish the duckling production center 4 Support to establish the Native chick production center 5 Support to establish the Goat & Sheep breeding Center under private sector 6 Revolving fund for the purchase of Fish fingerlings and feed for Pond Fishery 7 Support for practicing cage fishing 8 Revolving fund for the purchase of ducklings and Feed 9 Revolving fund for the purchase of native chicks and feed 10 Revolving fund for the purchase of goat 11 Formation of Goat Raising Groups 12 Formation of Fish Raising Groups 13 Formation of Duck Raising Groups 1 Formation of Chick Raising Groups 15 Demonstration of Goat and Sheep raising 16 Demonstration of Frog raising in rice fields 17 Demonstration of Duck Raising Groups 18 Demonstration of Chicken Raising Groups

3.8 CPA COM 10: Promotion Commercialization of Pig Farmingin Champasak

This subproject promotes commercialization of pig raising and feed production with the use of Value Chain Approach especially enhancing linkage between producers groups of 300 households and 4 business service providers in 11 villages of Bachieng, Champasak, Khong, Pakse, Sanasomboun, Sukhuma, Munlapamok and Pathumphone districts of Champasak province. US$ 410,375 will be invested to this subproject which will be commenced on 1stNovember 2011and last until October 2014 by Division of Livestock and fisheries of Champasak PAFO. Details of project location, activities and implementing schedule are described below.

3.8.1 Location As mentioned, the subproject will be implemented in 11 villagesof the Bachieng, Champasak, Khong, Pakse, Sanasomboun, Sukhuma, Munlapamok and Pathumphone districts of Champasak province. The maps and targeted villages are as in the Figure 9 and Table 11 below.

Figure 8: CAP COM 10 subproject area map-pig raising

Table 13: CPA COM 10 subprojecttargeted villages-pig raising

No Village name District 1 1. BounNgaie Pathumphone 2 1. Sukhuma Sukhuma 3 1. Pamok Munlapamok 4 1. Nahaek Pakse 5 1. Huaxae Bachieng 2. Kaeng Ngao 6 1. Boungkha Sanasomboun 1. Slonoi 7 1. Watsai Champasak 2. Phosai 8 1. Phiangdi Khong

3.8.2 Activities There are four components of activities under this subproject like the CPA COM 9. Component 1 is to support to business service providers; Component 2 support establishment of revolving funds for the livestock raising for producer groups; Component 3: formation of producer groups of all 3020 targeted households and Component 4: provision for demonstrations of livestock raising.

Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP): 1) Establishing the Piglet Production Center for producing at least 40,000 piglets to supply to 900 target beneficiaries (30piglets per household). 2) Establishing a feed processing factory to produce pig feed, fish and poultry feed per year to supply to 3300 HHs. 3) Establishing a meat processing center to process and package pig meat, poultry and fish. 4) Support maize production with intercropping with pigeon pea for 200ha/year.

Provision of revolving fund for livestock raisingparticularlyfor the purchase of piglets and feed for 300 households (30 groups, average 10 members per group).

Group Formation includes: 1) Formation of 30 pig raising groups (300 households). 2) Formation of 60 farmer groups to grow 200 ha/year of maize.

Demonstration of Livestock Raising includes: 1) 18 Pig raising sites using the deep litter system (10 piglets) demonstrated. 2) 10 bio-gas systems for pig farms demonstrated in each village.

3.8.3 Implementation schedule Overall, the implementation will be will be commenced on 1stNovember 2011and last until October 2014. In which, each activity will be implemented in different time as show in the table below.

Table 14: CPA COM 10 implementation schedule

No Components 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Support to establish piglet breeding center 2 Support to establish the feed processing factory 3 Support to establish the meat processing factory 4 Support to Production of Maize with intercropping with pigeon pea 5 Revolving fund for the purchase of piglets and feed 6 Formation of Pig Raising Groups

No Components 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 7 Formation of maize and pigeon pea group 8 Demonstration of Pigs raising system using the deep litter system 9 Demonstration for Bio gas

3.9 SEK COM 4: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Sekong This subproject promotes commercial pig raising, poultry and fishery with Value Chain Approach by enhancing linkage between producer group 1950 of households and 6 business service providers in 50 villages in Thateng and Lamam districts, Sekong province. US$ 551,860 will be invested for implementation of this Sub-Project for the period 1stNovember 2011 to October 2014. It is managed by the Division of Livestock and fisheries but under Sekong PAFO’s supervision.

3.9.1 Location As mentioned, the Sub-Project located in two district of Sekong province namely Lamam and Thateng with targeting producer group comprising of 1950 of households and 6 business service providers in 50 villages in those districts. Figure 9 and Table 14 below show the details of location and villages.

Figure 9: SEK COM 4 subproject area map

Table 15: SEK COM 4 subproject targeted villages

No Village name Kumb Ban District Fish pond Number of HHs Population area (Ha) Sub-Sector: Fishery Total target HH in 3 years: 450 1 Ban Danh Danh-Dornchan Lamam 0.8 30 170 2 Ban Dornchanh Danh-Dornchan Lamam 0.9 30 175 3 Ban Mo Danh-Dornchan Lamam 1.5 30 182 4 Ban Pholn Ban Pholn Lamam 1.0 30 190 5 Ban Beng Ban Pholn Lamam 1.0 30 170 6 Ban Tiew Ban Pholn Lamam 1.2 30 180 7 Ban Nongbong Ban Pholn Lamam 0.8 30 182 8 Ban Nolnongwah Ban Pholn Lamam 0.7 30 182 9 Ban Huaixye Tadsaban Thateng 0.7 30 170 10 Ban Huaxe Tadsaban Thateng 0.7 30 185 11 Ban Thateng Tai Tadsaban Thateng 1.8 30 200 12 Ban Kapue Ban Kapue Thateng 1.0 30 190 13 Ban Joonla Ban JakamGnai Thateng 1.0 30 180 14 Ban Kandorn Ban JakamGnai Thateng 0.85 30 160 15 Ban Palay Ban JakamGnai Thateng 0.75 30 185 Total 14.70 450 2,701

Total target HH in 3 years:300 Sub-Sector: Pig Raising 1 Ban Parktoln Ban Danh-Dornchan Lamam 30 30 180 2 Ban HongLay Ban Pholn Lamam 33 30 170 3 Ban Huaikiew Ban Pholn Lamam 35 30 175 4 Ban PholKham Wadluang Lamam 38 30 185 5 Ban Nolmixay Wadluang Lamam 30 30 155 6 Ban Phiamay Wadluang Lamam 34 30 182 7 Ban ThatengNeua Tadsaban Thateng 32 30 185 8 Ban Kontagnounh Tadsaban Thateng 30 30 180 9 Ban Joonla Ban JakamGnai Thateng 31 30 190 10 Ban Kapue Kapue Thateng 30 30 185 Total 323 300 1,787 Sub-Sector: Duck raising Total target HH in 3 years: 450 1 Ban Mayhuameung Wadluang Lamam 230 30 180 2 Ban Thaluang Wadluang Lamam 220 30 185 3 Ban Xenamnoi Danh-Dornchanh Lamam 250 30 175 4 Ban Lavilamphan Danh-Dornchanh Lamam 180 30 170

No Village name Kumb Ban District Fish pond Number of HHs Population area (Ha) Sub-Sector: Fishery Total target HH in 3 years: 450 5 Ban Lavinoi Danh-Dornchanh Lamam 155 30 165 6 Ban songkhone Ban Parkpoon Lamam 150 30 175 7 Ban Kengluang Ban Parkpoon Lamam 160 30 180 8 Yorkthong Ban JakamGnai Thateng 130 30 160 9 Ban Kamkork Ban JakamGnai Thateng 140 30 175 10 Ban Yibmai Ban JakamGnai Thateng 135 30 165 11 Ban Nolsamphan Ban JakamGnai Thateng 143 30 170 12 Ban JakamGnai Ban JakamGnai Thateng 145 30 173 13 Ban Lakaow Tadsaban Thateng 150 30 145 14 Ban Palye Ban Palye Thateng 140 30 160 15 Ban Meuenkang Ban Palye Thateng 135 30 165 Total 2,463 450 2,543 Sub-Sector: Native Chicken Poultry Total target HH in 3 years: 450 1 Ban Lavi Ban Danh-Dornchan Lamam 150 30 170 2 Ban Lavifandeng Ban Danh-Dornchan Lamam 140 30 165 3 Ban Torksaming Ban Pholn Lamam 160 30 175 4 Ban Kengluang Ban Parkpoon Lamam 140 30 160 5 Ban Parkagnong Ban Parkpoon Lamam 152 30 180 6 Ban Parkpoon Ban Parkpoon Lamam 155 30 178 7 Ban Nang Yong Ban Parkpoon Lamam 150 30 168 8 Ban Kasankang Ban Kasankang Lamam 145 30 173 9 Ban Wangsang Ban Kasankang Lamam 137 30 160 10 Ban Kokhai Ban JakamGnai Thateng 160 30 170 11 Ban Kapue Ban Kapue Thateng 164 30 175 12 Ban Nongnok Ban Kapue Thateng 150 30 162 13 Ban Nongbuasai Thedsaban Thateng 160 30 165 14 Ban NongbuaNeu Thedsaban Thateng 150 30 168 15 Ban Nongbua Tai Thedsaban Thateng 163 30 173 Total 2,276 450 2,542

3.9.2 Activities

The Sub-Project implemented will cover 50 villages in Thateng and Lamam districts of Sekong Province of Laos PDR. There are four components in the Sub-Project which include: Component 1: Support to 6 business service providers; Component 2: Setting up of revolving Funds for the livestock raising to producer groups; Component 3: Formation of Producer

Groups of all 1950 targeted households and Component 4: Provision for 4 demonstrations of Livestock Raising in 6 Poorest Kumb Bans.

Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP) includes: 1) Support to establish the Piglet Production Center for producing at least 2,000 piglets to supply to 300 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs,10 piglets per household. 2) 1 public fish hatchery with capacity of producing 2 million fish fingerlings per year to supply to 450 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs. 3) 1 functional duckling production center with duckling production capacity of 40,000 ducklings benefiting 450 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs. 4) 1 functional Native Chick Production center with production capacity of 40,000 chicks benefiting 450 target beneficiaries and other producers HHs. 5) 1 functional meat processing center, under private sector to process and package pig meat, poultry and fish. 6) 1 functional Feed Production Center under private sector to produce pig feed, fish and poultry feed. 7) Support group of farmers to grow maize with intercropping of pigeon pea in 100 ha to supply as raw material for animal feed processing.

Provision of revolving fund for livestock raising for 300 households organized into 30 pig raising groups, 450 households organized into 45 duck raiding groups, 450 households organized into 45 fish and 450 households organized into 45 chicken raising groups.

Group Formation includes: 30 Pig raising groups covering 300 households, 45 Fish raising groups covering 450 households, 45 Duck raising groups covering 450 households, 45 Chicken raising covering 450 households and 30 maize grower groups for growing 100 ha/year of maize and other integrated crops.

Demonstration of Livestock Raising includes: 1) 6 Pig deep litter raising system (10 piglets) demonstrated in 6 project villages of 6 different Kumb Bans. 2) 6 Fish raising sites(1000 fingerlings and 5 native varieties) demonstrated in 6 different villages 3) 6 Duck raising sites (20 ducklings) demonstrated each of the target villages. 4) 6 Chicken raising sites (20 chicks) demonstrated in each of the poorest Kumb Ban

3.9.3 Implementation Schedule The implementation will be commenced on 1stNovember 2011and last until October 2014. The implementing timing of activities is as follow:

Table 16: SEK COM 4 implementation schdule

No Components 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Support to establish piglet breeding center 2 Support to improve the fish hatchery 3 Support to establish the duckling production center Support to establish the Native chick production 4 center 5 Support to establish the Meat Processing Center 6 Support to establish the Feed Processing Factory Support to production of maize with intercropping 7 with pigeon peas Revolving fund for the purchase of piglets and 8 feeds Revolving fund for the purchase of Fish fingerlings 5 and feed Revolving fund for the purchase of ducklings and 6 Feed Revolving fund for the purchase of native chicks 7 and feed 8 Formation of Pig Raising Groups 9 Formation of Fish Raising Groups 9 Formation of Duck Raising Groups 10 Formation of Chick Raising Groups 11 Formation of maize and pigeon pea group Demonstration of Pig Raising using the deep litter 10 system 10 Demonstration of Fish Raising Groups 11 Demonstration of Duck Raising Groups 12 Demonstration of Chicken Raising Groups

3.10 ATT COM 1: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Attapeu

This subproject is intended to promote commercial pig raising, poultry and fishery with application of Value Chain Approach especially enhancing business linkage between producer groups of 2170 households in 53 villages and business 7 service providers who supply of litters of small livestock (pigs, native ducks and chicken, goats and fish), processed feed and processed meat products for external markets in Sanamxai, Samakhixai, Xaysettha, Xanxay and Phovong districts; Attapeu province. US$ 784,125 will be invested to complete such activities and from January 2012 to December 2014. The Division of Livestock and fisheries is the functional Implementation agency, Attapeu PAFO is the management these activities with coordination with PCO and relevant sectors in the provinces, district and village level. Below are details about location, activities and implementing timeframe.

3.10.1 Location As stated above, the subproject will be implemented in the Samakhixai, Xaysettha, Sanamxay, Sanxay and Phouvong districts of Attapeu province. Figure 11 and Table 14 below are details of map and list of villages under this subproject. The subproject covers 53 villages in Samakhixai, Xaysettha, Sanamxay, Sanxay and Phouvong in Attapeu Province of Laos PDR. Currently the village identification has been done for three years whereas the target households have been identified for 1st year. Other target households shall be subsequently identified in the second year.

Figure 10: ATT COM 1 subproject area map

Table 17: ATT COM 1 subproject villages

No Village name Kumb Ban District Fishery Total target HH in 3 years:450 1 Viengxay Namkong Phouvong 2 Kang Vongsamphanh Phouvong 3 Naxueak Khamvongsa Phouvong 4 Somboun NamPa Xanxay 5 Houaysamong Hin Sanamxay

No Village name Kumb Ban District Banxay Phoxay Vatlouang Phoxay Saysettha 6 Fangdeang Phoxay Kaeng Nhai Phoxay Ban Hom Ban Hom Vatlouang Thetsaban Samakkhixay 7 Sekamane Sekamane Samakkhi Thetsaban Pig Raising Total target HH in 3 years:240

Palai Vongsamphanh Viengxay Namkong 1 Phouvong Kang Vongsamphan Naxeuak Khamvongsa Donephay Donesoung Thahintay Hinlat 2 Ban May Hinlat Lamam Ban Mitsamphanh Ban nhay mitsamphan BAN Thae Ban Thae Kaeng nhay Ban xay 3 Phoxay Saysettha Khanmakong Ban xaysy Sekamane Sisomphone Ban Lanhao Sekamane Sayphosy Ban Hom Samakkhixay 4 Ban Moun Ban lanhao Dakkiad Ban xok Somboun Phiakeo Duck raising Total target HH in 3 years:600 1 Tamayod Hinlat Hinlat Hinlat Sanamxay Samong Hinlat

Pindong Hinlat Donephay Donesoung 2 Phouxay Nampa Xanxay Dakhiad Nampa

Vangsay Nampa 3 Dakyiang Phameuang Saysettha

No Village name Kumb Ban District Daktoud Phameuang Vatneua Phameuang Vathhat Phameuang Vat Louang Phameuang 4 Sekamane Sekamane Lanhao Lanhao Samakkhixay Sisomphone Ban Hom

5 Ban Viengxay Namkong Ban Phouxay Namkong Ban Kang Vongsamphanh Phouvong Ban Naxeuak Khamvongsa Ban Palai Vongsamphanh Chicken Poultry Total target HH in 3 years:900 Sekamane Sekamane Lanhao Lanhao 1 Sisomphone Ban Hom Samakkhixay Saphaothong Thetsaban Sayphosy Ban xok Kaengnhay Phoxay Xaysy Phoxay 2 Saysettha Hatsaty Phonengam Sakhae Phonngam 3 Donephay Donesoung Sanamxay Thahintay Hinlat Sanamxay 4 Pindong Hinlat

Thasengchanh Hinlat Phiakeo Nampa Somboun Nampa Donekhaen Nampa Xanxay 5 Hindanh Nampa Vangxay Nampa Phouxay Nampa Viengsay Namkong Phouvong 6 Ban Kang Vongsamphanh Phouvong Naxeuak Khamvongsa Goat Raising Total target HH in 3 years:100 Namxuan Somboun Phouvong 1 Viengsay Namkong Phouvong

No Village name Kumb Ban District Kanhu Lanhao 2 Konghang Lanhao Samakkhixay Xayphosy Ban xok 3 Ban Chaleunxay Nam su Xanxay 4 Ban Donephay Donesoung Sanamxay Ban daktoud Phameuang 5 Saysettha Ban Nhay Oudom Ban Nhay Oudom

3.10.2 Activities There are four components of activities in the subproject namely (1) Component 1: Support to business service providers; (2) Component 2: Setting up of revolving Funds for the livestock raising to producer groups; (3) Component 3: Formation of Producer Groups of all 2170 targeted households and (4) Component 4: Provision for demonstrations of Livestock Raising.

Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP) includes: 1) Support to establish the Piglet Production Center for producing at least 2,000 piglets to supply to 240 target beneficiaries (10 piglets per household). 2) 1 public fish hatchery with capacity of producing 2 million fish fingerlings per year to supply to 450 target beneficiaries. 3) 1 functional duckling production center with duckling production capacity of 40,000 ducklings benefiting 600 target beneficiaries. 4) 1 functional Native Chick Production center with production capacity of 40,000 chicks benefiting 900 target beneficiaries. 5) 1 functional goat breeding center with capacity of 3,000 goat kids per year to supply to 300 target beneficiaries. 6) 1 functional meat processing center, under private sector to process and package pig meat, poultry and fish. 7) 1 functional Feed Production Center under private sector to produce pig feed, fish and poultry feed. 8) Support group of farmers to grow maize with intercropping of pigeon pea in 100 ha to supply as raw material for animal feed processing.

Provision of revolving fund for livestock raising: - For 300 households (30 pig raising groups), 450 households (45 duck raiding groups), 450 households (45 fish groups) and 450 households (45 chicken raising groups).

Group Formation includes: - 24 Pig raising groups (240 households), 45 Fish raising groups (450 households), 60 Duck raising groups (600 households), 90 Chicken raising (900 households), 30 goat

raising (300 households) and 30 maize grower groups for growing 100 ha/year of maize and other integrated crops.

Demonstration of Livestock Raising includes: 1) 10 Pig deep litter raising system (10 piglets) demonstrated in each village 2) 10 Fish raising (1000 fingerlings and 5 native varieties) demonstrated in 10 different villages 3) 10 Duck raising sites (20 ducklings) demonstrated each village. 4) 10 Chicken raising sites (20 chicks) demonstrated in each of the poorest Kumb Ban 5) 10 Goat raising sites (10 goats kids) demonstrated in 10 villages of 10 different Kumb Bans.

3.10.3 Implementation schedule Overall, the implementation will be will be commenced on 1stNovember 2011and last until October 2014. In which, each activity will be implemented in different time as show in the table below.

Table 18: ATT COM 1 implementation schedule

No. Activities Indicators Work Partners Time frame From To A Support to Establish Service Providers Support to Private Sector, 1 functional pig breeding center under Establish the farmers, Provincial 1 private sector with capacity of 2,000 piglets Nov-11 Oct-12 Piglet Breeding and District per year to supply to 240 producers HHs. Center Extension Center 1 functional fish hatchery under private sector with capacity of producing 2 million Private Sector, Support to fish fingerlings per year to supply to 450 farmers, Provincial 2 improve the HHs as direct beneficiaries and others as Nov-11 Oct-12 and District Fish Hatchery indirect. The breeds to be promoted are Extension Center local and sterilized (Paa Pak, Pa Nae, Panin, Paduk, Pakin Nya) 1 functional duckling production center under private sector with duckling production Support to capacity of 40,000 ducklings benefiting 600 Private Sector, establish the direct househols and other indirect farmers, Provincial 3 duckling Nov-11 Oct-12 beneficiaries per year. 50% of the ducklings and District production produced will be meat variety and 50% egg Extension Center center laying variety. Native ducks with good productivity shall be promoted. 1 functional Native Chick Production center Support to under private sector with production capacity Private Sector, establish the of 40,000 chicks benefiting 900 direct farmers, Provincial 4 Native chick households and other indirect beneficiaries Nov-11 Oct-12 and District production per year. 100% of the chicks produced will Extension Center center be of meat variety. Native chicks with good productivity shall be promoted. Support to 1 functional goat (kid) breeding center under Private Sector, establish the private sector with capacity of 2,000 goat farmers, Provincial 5 Goat Nov-11 Oct-12 kids per year to supply to 300 producers and District production HHs. Extension Center center

No. Activities Indicators Work Partners Time frame From To Support to Private Sector, establish the 1 functional meat processing center under farmers, Provincial 6 meat private sector to process and package pig Nov-12 Oct-13 and District processing meat, poultry and fish. Extension Center center Support to Private Sector, establish the 1 functional Feed Production Center under farmers, Provincial 7 feed private sector to produce pig feed, fish and Nov-12 Oct-13 and District processing pultry feed. Extension Center factory Support to Production of Farmers Maize with Functional groups of farmers to grow maize 8 production group Nov-11 Oct-13 intercropping with intercropping of pigeon pea for maize with pigeon pea B Revolving Funds for Small Livestock Raising Revolving fund is for 240 households organized into 24 Groups (average10 members/group). Each group will receive Private Sector, Support for funds for 1/3rd of its members and the same Producer Groups, the purchase money will be revolved to cover all the 9 Provincial and Nov-11 Oct-14 of piglets and members in the three years. Per Household District Extension feed the $1000 budget shall be used for purchase Center of 10 piglets and animal feed. Project will provide vaccination support through other sub-project. Revolving fund is for 450 households organized into 45 Groups (average 10 members/group). Each group will receive Support for funds for 1/3rd of its members and the same Private Sector, the purchase money will be revolved to cover all the Producer Groups, 10 of Fish members within three years. Per Household Provincial and Nov-11 Oct-14 fingerlings the $150 budget shall be used for purchase District Extension and feed of minimum 2000 fish fingerlings and feed. Center However, the HHs can decide the variety and numbers to purchase by contributing funds from their own sources. Revolving fund is for 600 households organized into 60 Groups (average 10 members/group). Each group will receive funds for 1/3rd of its members and the same Private Sector, Support for money will be revolved to cover all the Producer Groups, the purchase members within three years. Per Household 11 Provincial and Nov-11 Oct-14 of Ducklings the $200 budget shall be used for purchase District Extension and feed of minimum 20 ducklings of native variety and Center feed. However, the HHs can decide the numbers to purchase by contributing funds from their own sources. Revolving fund is for 900 households organized into 90 Groups (average 10 members/group). Each group will receive Support for Private Sector, funds for 1/3rd of its members and the same the purchase Producer Groups, money will be revolved to cover all the 12 of Native Provincial and Nov-11 Oct-14 members within three years. Per Household Chicks and District Extension the $150 budget shall be used for purchase feed Center of minimum 20 chicks of native variety and feed. However, the HHs can decide the numbers to

No. Activities Indicators Work Partners Time frame From To purchase by contributing funds from their own sources. Revolving fund is for 300 households organized into 30 Groups (average 10 members/group). Each group will receive Private Sector, funds for 1/3rd of its members and the same Support for Producer Groups, money will be revolved to cover all the 13 the purchase Provincial and Nov-11 Oct-14 members in the three years. Per Household of goats District Extension the $800 budget shall be used for purchase Center of 10 kids and animal feed. Project will provide vaccination support through other sub-project. Farmers contribution in 14 livestock raising C Producers Group Formation 30 Pig raising groups each group comparing Farmer's of 10 households. Funds will be used for the Production Formation of establishment of group regulation, Groups and 15 Pig Raising Nov-11 Oct-13 documentation of the group work, creation of Provincial and Groups books and stationeries for the groups. No District Extension funds will be utilize for the Travel and DSA Center 45 Fish raising groups each group comparing Farmer's of 450 households. Funds will be used for the Production Formation of establishment of group regulation, Groups and 16 Fish Raising Nov-11 Oct-13 documentation of the group work, creation of Provincial and Groups books and stationeries for the groups. No District Extension funds will be utilize for the Travel and DSA Center 60 Duck raising groups each group Farmer's comparing of 600 households. Funds will be Production Formation of used for the establishment of group Groups and 17 Duck Raising regulation, documentation of the group work, Nov-11 Oct-13 Provincial and Groups creation of books and stationeries for the District Extension groups. No funds will be utilize for the Travel Center and DSA 90 Chicken raising groups each group Farmer's comparing of 10 households with a total of Formation of Production 900 households. Funds will be used for the Chicken Groups and 18 establishment of group regulation, Nov-11 Oct-13 raising Provincial and documentation of the group work, creation of Groups District Extension books and stationaries for the groups. No Center funds will be utilize for the Travel and DSA Farmer's Formation of 100 ha/year area will be planted in potential Production maize and village. There will be 30 farmer groups Groups and 19 Nov-11 Oct-14 pigeon pean promoted under this project and 1/3rd of the Provincial and group group will receive every year. District Extension Center Revolving fund is for 300 households organized into 30 Groups (average 10 members/group). Each group will receive Farmer's funds for 1/3rd of its members and the same Production Formation of money will be revolved to cover all the Groups and 20 Goat raising Nov-11 Oct-13 members in the three years. Per Household Provincial and group the $1000 budget shall be used for purchase District Extension of 10 piglets and animal feed. Project will Center provide vaccination support through other sub-project.

No. Activities Indicators Work Partners Time frame From To D Demonstration of Livestock Raising Demonstratio 1 Pig raising demonstration with 10 piglets Model Family and n of Pig with deep litter system. The demonstration Provincial and 21 Raising using Nov-11 Oct-12 will be done by a farmer to be known as District Extension the deep litter Model Farmer. Center system 10 Fish raising demonstration with 1000 Demonstratio fingerlings of all the 5 native varieties shall be Model Family and n of Fish set up. The demonstration shall be region Provincial and 22 Nov-11 Oct-12 Raising based where all the regions shall be covered. District Extension Groups The demonstration will be done by a Model Center Farmer. 10 duck raising demonstration with 20 native Demonstratio Model Family and ducklings shall be set up. The demonstration n of Duck Provincial and 23 shall be region based where all the regions Nov-11 Oct-12 Raising District Extension shall be covered. The demonstration will be Groups Center done by the Model Farmer. 10 chicken raising demonstration with 20 Demonstratio native chick shall be set up. The Model Family and n of Chicken demonstration shall be region based where Provincial and 24 Nov-11 Oct-12 raising all the regions shall be covered. The District Extension Groups demonstration will be done by a farmer to be Center known as Model Farmer. 10 Pig raising demonstration with 10 goat kids in 10 project villages of 10 different Model Family and Demonstratio Kumb Bans. The demonstration shall be Provincial and 25 n of Goat Nov-11 Oct-11 region based where all the regions shall be District Extension Raising group covered. The demonstration will be done by a Center Model Farmer.

3.11 ATT COM 2: Integrated Rice-Pulse Based Farming System in Attapeu

The subproject aims at improving livelihood and reduces poverty for 5,653 households with 12844 persons in 12 villages of 3 Kumb Bans of three districts (Sanamxai, Samakhixai and Xaysettha) in Attapeu province through rehabilitation of irrigation systems, revolving fund for the agricultural development, farming demonstrations and capacity building for villages and farmers.The subproject will be implemented from October 1st, 2011 to October, 2014 by Attapeu PAFO which is the functional Excuting agency, together with Sanamxai, Samakhixai and Xaysettha districts DAFO and total cost of about 544,095 US$. Details subproject location, activity and implementing schedule are described below.

3.11.1 Location As mentioned above, the subproject will be implemented in the 12 villages of three Kumb Ban in three districts, Attapeu province. List of the villages and map are provided below.

Table 19: Name of villages in subproject area

No Name of Number and name of Kumb Number and name of villages district Bans

Number Name Number Name

1 Xaysettha 1 Phameuang 3 Vat Neu, Vat That and Vat Luang

2 Sanamxai 1 Hinlat 3 Tor Mor Yord, Hin Lat, Samong Tay

3 Samakhixai 1 Thetsaban 6 Meuang Mai, Se Nhai, Vat Luang, Sammakkhi, Sekong, Sivilay

Figure 11: ATT COM 1 subproject area map

3.11.2 Activities There are four components in the subproject, the detailed of component and sub - components as follows: Component 1:Construction three irrigation systems In Samong, Wat That and Naphok irrigation systems especially construction/rehabilitation of Samong irrigation system’ concrete second canal with length 1,500 m (rectangle, h = 0.5 m, b =

0.55m, t = 10 cm) for increasing 32 ha irrigated in dry season and irrigated additional 16 ha area in rainy season. Of which: Construction/rehabilitation of Wat That irrigation system’ concreted second canal with length 824 m (Noong He area: 484 m and Wat Kao area: 340 m) h = 0.5 m, b = 0.55 m for increasing 25 ha. Irrigated area in dry season (22 ha of rice and 3 ha for other crops).

Construction/rehabilitation of Naphok irrigation system: Construction/rehabilitation of concrete second canal with length 902 m, h = 0.5 m, b = 0.55 m for increasing 28 ha. irrigated area in dry season.

Component 2: Demonstrations

1) 1 ha for SRI Technique of rice plantation crop rotation with legume cropsat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 2) 1 ha of direct seeded (Na Jot) rice plantation crop rotation with legume cropsat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 3) 1 ha for rice planting with improved technology crop rotation with legume cropsat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 4) 1 ha for fodder cultivationat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 5) 1 ha for fish & frog in rice fieldat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 6) A deep litter pig raising for native Pig at each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 7) 1 ha of Green Manuringat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 8) 1 ha ofproduction of seed for the green manuring cropat each irrigation scheme for 5 schemes for 3 years. 9) 1 ha for the chilly, tomato etc at each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 10) 1 ha for cash crops like peanut, maize intercropping with legume etcat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 11) 1 ha for increase size of rice fieldat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes. 12) 1 ha for compost, Dry BE and Wet BE and vermin compostingat each irrigation scheme for 3 schemes.

Component 3: Revolving fund for the agricultural groups 1) Revolving fund for 9 chicken raising groups each group for 30 families each family for 20 chicken 2) Revolving fund for 2,000 fingerling each family for 60 families (20 families at each irrigation scheme). 3) Revolving fund for 9 pig raising group each group for 10 families with 2 piglets per family.. 4) Revolving fund for rice plantation and cash crop plantationfor the 160 ha.

3.11.3 Implementation schedule Overall, the subproject will be implemented from October 1st, 2011 to October, 2014. Specifically, each activity is expected to implemented as defined in the schedule below.

Table 20: Implementation schedule

No Item 2011 2012 2013 2014 Q4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 Survey and Design for Samong irrigation system 2 Construction of Samong irrigation system 3 Survey and design for the Naphok Irrigation system 4 Construction of the Naphok Irrigation system 5 Survey and design the Wat That irrigation system 6 Construction of the Wat That irrigation system 7 SRI Technique of rice plantation crop rotation with legume crops 8 Direct Seeded (Na Jot) Rice plantation crop rotation with legume crops 9 Rice Planting with improved technology crop rotation with legume crops 10 Demonstration for Fodder cultivation 11 Demonstration for Fish & Frog in rice field 12 Demonstration for deep litter pig raising for Native Pig 13 Demonstration for Green Manuring 14 Production of seed for the green manuring crop 15 Demonstration for the Chilly, Tomato etc. 16 Demonstration for Cash crops like peanut, maize intercropping with legume etc. 17 Demonstration for Increase size of rice field 18 Demonstration for compost, Dry BE and Wet BE and vermicomposting 19 Farmers Contribution in demonstrations 20 Revolving fund for the Chicken raising groups 21 Revolving fund for Fish raising groups 22 Revolving fund for Pig raising groups 23 Revolving fund for rice plantation and cash crop plantation 24 Farmers Contribution in the form of Labor for the cultivation and raising

CHAPTER 4: DESCRIBPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

4.1. SVK COM 10 Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Savanakhet

4.1.1 Physical Environment Savannakhet Province has a total land area of 21,774 km2. In which, around 90% of the area is flat land and the rest 10% is mountainous especially northeast part which is linked to Anamite mountain range. Soil;Based on the geological survey and finding of dinosaur bones in the province, it was suggested that soil in this area has been evolved for millions of year. However, as quite large area of land is or converted from dipterocarp, deciduous forest and flat plain along Mekong River; soil in or converted from the deciduous and scrub forest region is quite dry and sandy while it is sandy roam and rather fertile in along Mekong River. Climate is a tropical wet and dry climate which is generally very warm throughout the year. On average, temperatureis about 26 C.Of which mean maximum temperature is 31.4 C and mean minimum is21.2 C. Figure below show the pattern and trend of the temperature in the province.

Figure 12: Temperature in Savannakhet between 1971 to 2009

Average Temperature of Savannakhet 28.50 28.00 27.50 27.00 26.50 26.00 25.50 25.00 y = 0.025x + 25.76 24.50 R² = 0.173 24.00 23.50 23.00 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

There are two seasons, wet and dry. The wet season is between April and October and the dry season is from November to March. The average rainfall is roughly 1500 mm per year. While the precipitation is significantly different between both season. In the dry season it is so dry and precipitation is only 25.9 mm per year on average whereas it increases to 220.1 mm/year for rainy season. The pattern and trend of the precipitation in the province is as in the Figure below.

Figure 13: Precipitation in Savannakheet between 1970 to 2010

Rainfall in Savannakhet 2500.0

2000.0

1500.0

1000.0 y = 3.527x + 1405. 500.0 R² = 0.028

0.0 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

Sebanhieng is the main river of the province. Its source is in the northeast bordering with Vietnam. The total length is about 370 km with river basin of 19,223 km2. Its main tributaries are Sepone, Sethamouk and Sechamphone. Mean precipitation in the river basin is about 1,600mmper year and discharge of 538 m3/sec and maximum of 4,097m3/sec on average. However, the annual discharge is remarkably different; 90% of the discharge is in raining season.The dry season discharge is as low as 10%, resulting irrigation is limited for the dry season compare to demand which is about 46m3/sec (WREA, 2008).

4.1.2 Biological Environment Overall Savannakhet Province is a natural resources rich province especially large flat agricultural land along Mekong River, forest and river network including Mekong tributary. About 1.5 million hectares (ha) or68% of the total provincial land area was classified as agricultural land area. Parts are alluvial soil along the Mekong, however, as mentioned;a large area land is arid and infertile.

Forest,particularly NBCA covers quite large proportion of the province. There are four NBCAs lie down within Savannakhet. Phou Xang He to the north, Dong Phou Vieng and part of Xe Xap to the east and part of Xe Bang Nouan to the west. Phou Xang He covers area of 109,900 ha and

it is IUNC’s NBCA category V 1 . Dong Phou Vieng has an area of 220,000ha (IUCN classification is inapplicable). Xe Xap covers 133,550 ha (IUCN classification is inapplicable) and Xe Bang Nouan’s area is 150,000 ha and IUCN’s category IV. However, as the SVK COM 10 subproject’s targeted areas and activities are in Outhoumphonh, Saiphouthong, and Atsaphangthong districts or are not situated and will not cause negative impact to those NBCAs. Below are locations of four NBCAs.

Figure 14: Map of the NBCAs in Savannakhet

As for forest in and around the subproject’s targeted villages especially activity areas; it is, in general, limited. It is also true for wildlife and aquatics which are limited or unlikely to be affected. No endanger species of fauna and flora exists or encountered.Most forest has been converted for resettlement and agricultural land for century. What exists are small village and district forest area, however they are far away from the activity location.Hunting is used to be one of the main activities which now limited because of declining of wildlife population and habitats.

4.1.3 Social Environment There are about 800 thousand people live in Savannakhet. These populations consist of 12 different ethnic groups, mixed of Lao, Thai, Chinese and Vietnamese communities. Savannakhet is also a major trading route in the southern part of Laos. Lao, Thai, Chinese and Vietnamese-made goods pass through this city daily.Agriculture is the main economic sector sharing 49.04% of the total GDP during 2009-2010. The economics of the province grow rapidly

1http://www.nationalparks-worldwide.info/laos.htm

and only 10% of the populations live under poverty line. However, those poor people are high in eastern part including the subproject’s targeted districts. As for the subproject, there are70 villages and 3600 households of Outhoumphonh, Saiphouthong and Atsaphangthong districts involve in.These villages and households main production and income source are livestock. However, majority livestock keepers are small scale and embrace traditional livestock keeping approach with some trading or basic breeding, keeping for self consumption or selling them in the local market only during difficult times. In addition, there is basic livestock health care and hygiene. Type and population of livestock in these districts are as in the table below:

Table 21: Livestock situration in the subproject area

No Districts Pigs(heads) Poultry(heads) 1 Outhoumphonh 15,916 212,195 2 Saiphouthong 6,789 127,280 3 Atsaphangthong 11,070 117,194 Total 33,775 456,669

4.2. SVK PR 1 Food Security and Poverty Reduction through Livestock inSepon District of Savannakhet

4.2.1 Physical Environment Sepon is only one out of 15 districts in Savannakhet province targeted by this subproject. It is very poor districts situated in the northeast which is rugged terrain of Anamite and share border with Vietnam, around 70 km from Savanakhet town. It is in between Sepon and Sebanghiang River; and the altitude, at the Seponriver bank, is about 170 meter2. The Sepon River is the biggest and important river of Sepon originates from the border between Savannakhet Province of Laos and Quang Tri province of Vietnam while Sebanghiang is an important tributary of the Mekong River. Temperature is quite similar to the average temperature of Savanakhet.Mean temperature is around 26 C; whereas mean maximum temperature is around 31 C and mean minimum is around 21C. However, rainfall is slightly higher in Sepon since it is closer and or influenced by weather from Vietnam Sea3. The subproject activities are in the northeast of Sepon. They are in low land, community area and few kilometres to the river(see also Figure 2).

2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A9p%C3%B4n 3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A9p%C3%B4n

4.2.2 Biological Environment Sepon situates about middle of Dong Phou Vieng NBCA (to the south) and Phou Xang He (further northwest).

Dong Phou Vieng is one of the most important NBCA with recent area is of about 220,000 ha. Majority of ecological character is the Semi Evergreen and Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest.The key wildlife species are Douc and langur, elephants, cattle, tigers, pangolin, hornbill and vultures.21 villages comprising of around 3,700 people of Sepone lived in or adjacent to the Dong Phou Vieng NBCA during the established year.These villages are Makong, Tri and Phou Thia ethnic4.

Phou Xang He has an area is of around 109,000 ha and it is IUCN’s Category V NBCA5. Main forest types are the Mixed Deciduous which covered 44% and the forest is Evergreen 41%. Dominant species are Asian Elephant, Giant Muntjack, Gaur, Banteng, Loris, Douc Langur, Gibbons, Bears, Tiger, Leopard, Civet and wild Dog. In addition, there number of birds species such as Siam Fireback, Wookpecker, Peacock, Partridge, Kingfisher, Hornbill, Barbet, Pitta, Treepie, Tit-babler, Fulvetta ad Mynah. This NBCA covers 4% of Sepone district land area and there were 13 villages under Sepone district settled in and around it6.

However, there is limited forest or important ecosystem area in and around the subproject’s activity areas. As mentioned, the activities are mostly in the community area. Although there is river in the area, waste (liquid and solid) is not directly or indirectly discharged to the river (far from the river). It was reported that there is no endanger species of aquatics in the river and fishery is declining since the aquatics are limited.

4.2.3 Social Environment There are 14 Kumb Ban comprising of 88 villages and 8,325 household in Sepone. Total population of the districts is 56,523 and women are about half. However, only 9 villages consisted of 3,192 people (568 households)involved in this subproject. Quite large population is ethnic minority. Of which, Tri ethnic minority accounted for 90%; Mongkong accounted for 5% and Lao Theung 5%. The main income derived from agriculture and livestock. Total cultivationarea is 1,023 ha but mostly cultivated in wet season and productivity of rice is only 1.5-1.7 tons per hectare.Only 49.3 hectare is irrigated rice field and the rest are other land uses which were showed in the table below.

4http://www.ecotourismlaos.com/directory/protected_areas/dongphouvieng.htm 5http://www.nationalparks-worldwide.info/laos.htm 6http://www.ecotourismlaos.com/directory/protected_areas/phouxanghe.htm

Table 22: Main information of Kumban Phabang

Kumban Phabang

No Item Unit Ban Ban Ban Ban Ban Total Ban Ban Ban Ban Lous Tapo Sobs Pha Namt Kok Laveun Na Mai alia ng alou bang hone

1 Total area Ha 54 48 126 65 35 44 145 35 76 628

Agricultural 2 Ha 42 37 95 58 28.3 55 129 31 63 538.3 land Total area of 3 Ha 40 35 71 54 21.3 40 94 25 57 437.3 rice field Dry season 4 Ha 5 7 15 2 1.3 5 7 2 5 49.3 rice

5 Upland rice Ha 35 28 56 52 20 35 87 23 52 388

6 Other crops Ha 2 2 24 4 7 15 35 6 6 101

He 7 Cattle 25 30 45 50 42 27 54 24 24 321 ad

8 Buffalo No. 8 13 9 4 3 7 20 5 15 84

9 Pig No. 23 47 35 26 27 34 120 35 35 382

10 Goat No. 42 15 35 24 30 23 53 38 28 288

11 Poultry No. 230 250 80 75 125 230 220 125 86 1421

12 Fish pond No. 12 5 8 6 5 3 12 3 6 60

Per No of 13 son 125 191 235 528 112 420 803 343 3,192 population s 435 No. of 14 No. 23 27 67 100 19 111 177 78 73 675 household No. of 15 population in No. 125 191 235 528 112 420 803 343 3,192 Agriculture 435 No. of Per Women is 16 son 73 80 141 249 55 242 321 223 219 1,603 owner of s household Source: Statistics survey by PAFO, June 2011 and Savannakhet PPO survey, June 2011

As limited agriculture land and income opportunity; 448 families learned or produced less than 16 kg of rice per month. In that 24% faced rice shortage for 3 months and 49% experienced 6 months of rice shortage. NTFPs were important sources of food and income for the stress season. However, NTFPs are declining due to shifting cultivation and land occupying for intensive private farm; the poor is still vulnerable.

4.3. SAL COM 4: Road Rehabilitation in Lao Ngam Distric of Salavanh

4.3.1 Physical Environment Lao Ngam District situated in the Boloven Plateau and quite large area is flat terrain.Soil is volcanic evolved and quite fertile. However, it can be dry in surface and easy to generate dust especially during dry season.

The climate of tropical monsoon, divided into 2 seasons. The dry season is from November to April meanwhile the rainy season starts from May to October. Temperature is 26.5 0C on average.Mean maximum of the temperature rose to 31.8 while mean minimum is about ten time lower or 220C.Figure below show captured the pattern and trend of the temperature of the province in last 20 years.

Figure 15: Templerature of Salavanh between 1990 and 2009

Average Temperature of Salavanh 28.50

28.00

27.50

27.00

26.50 y = 0.004x + 26.85 26.00 R² = 0.005 25.50

25.00 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

The annual average precipitation is 2,100 mm. There are about the average relative humidity is 75 %/year.

Rainfall in Salavanh 3000.0

2500.0

2000.0

1500.0 y = 8.302x + 2013. 1000.0 R² = 0.021

500.0

0.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

There is a small river which is about 0.5-1 km away from the road. However, during raining season, water from this river together with water elsewhere could cause road area inundated. However, this is only occurred once in 3-4 years. Aquatics and fishery are limited.

Overall, based on observation, air quality is in natural good condition. However, since it is quite windy in dry season, together with some dry soil, dust can be often observed.

4.3.2 Biological Environment Overall,there are three main National Biodiversity Conservation Areas (NBCA) in Salavanh; Xebangnouan in the north, Phouxiengthong to the west and along Mekong River and Xe Xap in the east.Xebangnouan, Phouxiengthong and Xe Xap covers an area of about 155,000 ha; 120,000 ha 133,500 ha respectively. Of which, Xebangnouan, Phouxiengthong are classified as Category IV NBCA. Below are some specific characteristics of the NBCAs.

Table 23: NBCA in Salavanh

Name of NBCA Habitat Key wildlife Remark Xebangnouan Eergreen, dry dipterocarp and Not available mixed deciduous forest with altitudes range from 200-1,000m. Phouxiengthong Semi-dry evergreen, dry diptercarp Peafowl, banteng and and mixed deciduous with altitude leopard 300-500m and maximum 716m Xe Xap Hill evergreen, semi-evergreen Bear, gaur, dhole, and pine forest with altitudes range serow, muntjac and from 400-1,400 m tiger

Figure 16: NBCAs in Salavanh

However, the subproject area including road construction in Lao Ngam district is far away from those mentioned NBCA. Environment is different.In general, almost entire area is farm and residential land.Forest is limited in the subproject area.There is only a small area of forest scattering in the area.Of which, there is one water source forest which villagers preserved for protection of the water source is the closest to the village and road (50m). However, it is rather small or less than 3 ha. Natural forest particularly in the road of row is also none. The water source forest of the village is far from road or ROW. Although there are some plantations along the road; it is not in or more than 3 meters from the ROW.

Similar to forest; wildlife and aquatics are limited due to lack of forest and river. In addition, no endanger species of fauna and flora encountered in the project area.

Figure 17: Overview of road rehabilitation in Teme village, Lao Ngam District

4.3.3 Social Environment The proposed road initially passes through 9 villages: Ban Ngew, Ban Lane, Ban Teme, Ban Donedou, Ban Nongkae, Ban Dongluang, Ban Dongsuang, Ban Dongban, Ban Vanpeuay. There are 1,474 households with 7,553 persons in the area. Of which 43.6% was women and 21.3% is minority group.

Like other villages, agriculture is the important production and economy. Total land of villages is 7,967.6 ha, which includes agricultural land of 2,180.2 ha. In 2010, the farmers grew 342.6 ha of rice in rainy season and only 42.0 ha of rice in dry season. Subsidiary to rice are peanut and corn which are a main cash crops and earning. Their areas in 2010 are 206ha and 361 ha respectively. In addition, villagers also keep livestock. In 2010, there were 688 head of pigs, 998 of cows, 63 of buffalo and more than 13 thousand of poultry (Table 25).

Table 24:The main information of 5 Kumbans

No. Item Ngew/I Dasiar/II Nongkae/VI Nabone/VII Vangpeuay/VIII Total

Total area 1342.7 2902.3 3035.2 443.4 244.1 7967.6 1 Agricultural land 431.8 283.3 902.8 323.3 239.0 2180.2 2 Paddy land 29.5 0.0 313.1 0.0 0.0 342.6 3 Irrigated land 15.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.0 Area of rice rainy 4 29.5 0.0 313.1 0.0 0.0 342.6 season Yield of rice rainy 5 3.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 season Area of rice dry 6 0.0 0.0 42.0 0.0 0.0 42.0 season Yield of rice dry 7 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 season 8 Area of corn 40.0 6.0 143.0 8.0 9.0 206.0 9 Yield of corn 3.7 2.0 4.7 3.0 4.0 3.5 10 Area of ground nut 88.0 12.0 223.0 31.7 7.0 361.7 11 Yield of ground nut 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.4 12 Total of pigs 365.0 10.0 115.0 48.0 150.0 688.0 13 Total of Cow 104.0 20.0 835.0 29.0 10.0 998.0 14 Total of Buffalo 15.0 0.0 43.0 4.0 1.0 63.0 15 Total of Poultry 3500.0 2000.0 6130.0 800.0 1000.0 13430.0 Total of other 16 40.0 0.0 52.0 0.0 0.0 92.0 livestock Total of farm 17 453.0 107.0 654.0 102.0 158.0 1474.0 households (FH) 18 % of poor FH 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 5.9 19 Total of population 2351.0 587.0 3268.0 587.0 760.0 7553.0 % women / 20 49.0 26.9 49.5 48.0 44.8 43.6 population % minority/ total 21 26.7 65.0 9.7 0.0 5.0 21.3 population % of FH lack of food 22 0.0 0.0 17.4 0.0 0.0 3.5 for 3 month per year % of FH lack of food 23 0.0 0.0 6.1 20.0 0.0 5.2 for 6 month per year

Numbers of villagers in these villages are under poverty line.3.5% of the population is facing rice shortage for 3 months per year and 5.2% suffered for 6 months per year. However, because of there is huge potential of cash crops such as banana, sweet potato, peanut which are grown along the proposed rehabilitation road; once road access is improved together withmarketing of agricultural product; it is perceived that local can earns from those cash crops and buy rice instead of growing rice.

4.4. SAL COM 1: Irrigation Development in Khong Sedone District of Salavanh

4.4.1 Physical Environment Irrigation area is lowland and along Sedone River and national Road No 13 south . This area is about 300m above see level. The soils are severely lacking in organic matter and most crop nutrients are provided in the form of chemical fertilizers. Farmers not follow the practice of soil fertilility management like crop rotation, use of green manuring, use of compost etc. Dry season rice yields are typically around 4 tonne per ha and wet season yields are around 2.75 tonne per ha. Households with holdings greater than 1 ha and yields of greater than 2.5 tonne per ha have assured food security all year round.

Sedone River which originates from northeat of the Bolaven Plateau with total length of 1,574 km is the source of water for irrigation. Its catement area is 7,229 km2 covering Salavanh, Xekong and Champasack province. About 380,000 people live in the catement (2005). Mean annial rain fall is 1,800 mm, mean discharge of 177 m3/s and mean minimum monthly discharge is 5m3/s. However, water discharge is so different from the raining and dry season. About 92 percent of the water dischage found in the raining season and only 8 percent is on the dry season which sometimes causing water shortage in the season. In addition, it is likely that the water would be short if the demand for water use including irrigation continue to increase. The main tributary of Sedone is Seset river which also has its water source from the Bolaven Plateau. Seset 1 and 2 dam were established and are operating in upper part and sometimes results in change in water flow into Sedone river (WREA, 2008).

4.4.2 Biological Environment In the large view, Kong Sedone is close to Phouxiengthong to the west (Figure above). Phouxiengthong is IUCN’s Category IV NBCA, located along the Mekong River with altitude range from 100 to about 700 m above sea level. The dominant forest is semi-evergreen and dry dipterocarp. About 16 mammals and 188 bird species were recorded in the area. There are about 32 villages comprising of 11,169 people lived in and surrounding areas of the NBCA7.

However, the SAL COM 1 subproject area is along Sedone River on the other side which is far or opposite to the NBCA.There some mangrove and scrub forest scattering in the area. However, overall it is limited in the irrigation head pump and canals area. Wildlife is also limited.

7http://www.ecotourismlaos.com/directory/protected_areas/phouxiengthong.htm

No endanger species of fauna and flora exists. The majority of the canal is lying along and in the edge of rice paddy, some gardens and far from the community.

Fish and aquatics in the Sedone River, based on the interview with Khamthong villagers, are declining and fishery is harder. Majority of fish catched recently are carp and Terapia which released in the river rather than natural fishes.

Figure 18: Overview forest and land use in the irrigation area in Sedone River

4.4.3 Socioeconomics

Overall, Salavanh occupies a land area of 10,369 km2 and population of 364,405. Around 93% of the population depend on agriculture and incomes is around 810 US$ per capita per year.

Rice paddy accounts for 64,655 ha and majority of the population lives on the more fertile plain areas, including Khong Sedone district. There are 10 ethnic minority groups in Salavanh, who are very poor - the average poverty rate in Salavanhis 10%, but the poverty rate of 3 poor mountainous districts where ethnic minority people are living is 44%.

As mentioned, there are 12 villages,comprising of households and 10,049 people in the subproject area.Some are ethnic minority people such as Katang and Xouei ethnic groups. 5 percent these households are below poverty line and majority are ethnic people.

Rice production is the main activities and source of income. On average, each household own a land of 1 ha. Rice production is practiced in both rainy and dry season. Productibity was about 2.75 tonne per ha, lower then dry season which rice yields are around 4 tonne per ha.It was percieved that if household owns a land more than 1 ha and produce more than 2.5 tonne per ha would be secured from food shortage.

4.5. SAL PR3: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Salavanh

4.5.1 Physical Environment Salavanh’s most area is quiteplain terrainand only northeast part ismountainous and the loop upstream. The total land area of the province is 10,553 km2. The high mountain area is covered with quite dense forest while majority of fertile plain is patchwork of rice paddies and fruits orchard. The climate is a tropical monsoon which divided into 2 seasons. The dry season is between November to March and the rainy season is from April to October. The annual average precipitation is 2500 mm. The average relative humidity of the province is 74%. The annual average temperature of the province is 25.5 0C with minimum 11 0C while the maximum can go up to 40 0C. As mentioned in SAL COM1, the key river for Salavan is Sedone River. In addition, there are Selamang, Seset and Setapungwhich are also important river for livelihood and hydropower development. Seset 1 and 2 hydropower dam were already completed in Seset River. Some micro dams also proposed for Selamang and Setapung

4.5.2 Biological Environment

As show in the Figure 16, there are some NBCAs around the SAL PR 3 subprojects, however, those NBCAs are long distance.In addition, as the livestock keeping is close to villages and homes; the forest in this specific livestock areas is limited and majority are residential and agricultural land especially home gardens and paddy field.

Similarly, wildlife and aquatics are also rarely encountered in the livestock raising areas. Although some farmers and producing centres are in Kong Sedone district, they are in long distance to and unlikely to cause impact aquatics in the Sedone River.

4.5.3 Social Environment In 2010, Salavanh population comprises of 61,211 households and 364,405 people, of which 184,778 people were female. The Lao Loum accounted for 67% and the rest 33% was the ethnic minority. 10 major ethnic groups are Lao, Katang, Suay, Taoy, Pako, Phuthai, Ngai, Katou, Ala and Yulaven. The main economy and occupation is agriculture production. GDP per capita is estimated to be at $US 710 (the national average at $US 983). However, Salavanh is among the poorest province in the country, where only its capital town: Salavanh district is not classified as poor district. In 2010, over 28,790 people or 8.1% of the total population are still living below the poverty line. The infrastructure especially road is underdeveloped and access to markets and other services is difficult. Agriculture remains only choice and lack of alternatives for off-season earnings. However, in this subproject area, local people have been rearing livestock for century although it is not yet a farm system for commercialization. So far there are 108,595 heads of pigs and 674,861 heads of poultry Salavanh district; 141,100 heads of pigs and poultry estimates to be 250,000 heads in Wapi district; 123,606 pig heads and 540,260 poultry heads inTumlan district.

4.6. CPACOM 9: Promotion Commercialization of Small Livestock in Champasak

4.6.1 Physical Environment Champasak province is in the Southern most part of Laos, where Mekong flows through the middle of land, creating hundreds of islands.Land area is predominant with flat land along Mekong River, Bolaven plateau and mountainous terrain especially in the northeast part. Total land area is 15,350 km2;of which, upland area that occupies 26% total area or 74% is low land area.

Climate, like other province, is tropical monsoon. The average annual temperature is 27°C and rainfall is 2,300 mm/year. Figures below are trends of the temperature and precipitation in the province.

Figure 19: Trends of the temperature of Champasak

Average Temperature of Champasack 29 28.5 28 27.5 27 26.5 y = 0.025x + 26.96 R² = 0.440 26 25.5 25 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

Figure 20: Trends of the precipitation of Champasak

Rainfall in Champasak 3500.0 y = 2.939x + 2021. 3000.0 R² = 0.007 2500.0

2000.0

1500.0

1000.0

500.0

0.0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Overall, there are several important rivers flow through Champsak. Among these are Mekong and Sedone. In addition, there are also small important river such as Se Nam Noy, Sekatume and Sekong and Sekaman that also form its way in the province. These rivers are livelihood and economic significance. It is main sources of proteins/fishery, transport, irrigation and agriculture and power development.

4.6.2 Biological Environment There are two main NBCAs in the province namely Dong Houa Sao and Xepain. Dong Houa Sao has an area of 110,000 ha covering four districts: Champasak, Pathoumphone, Paxong and Bachieng.It is IUCN’s Category III NBCA. The forest is predominant by semi-dry evergreen withelevation of 100-300 m above sea level. However, some areas reached 1000-1,300 m. 62 species mammals, 30 species of bats, 291 species of birds and 41 species of retiles were recorded. Of which key species of wildlife are elephant, tit-babbler and gibbon8.

Xepain is in the south of Dong Houa Sao, covers area of 240,000 ha and three districts: Pathoumphone, Khong of Champasak and Sanamxai of Attapeu. The forest is predominant by evergreen, mixed evergreen and deciduous forest with elevation of 150-300 m above sea level. 39 species of mammals, 51 key species of birds, 44 species of reptiles, 21 species of amphibians and 197 species of fish were found in the area. Of which key species of wildlife are tiger, banteng, elephant, guar, bear, pangolin, otter, gibbon, dhole, ibis, crane, white wing-duck, vulture, woolly-necked stork, lesser adjutant, river tern, masked finfoot, peafowl, hornbill, Asiatic giant and soft shell turtle and Irrawaddy dolphin9.

Figure 21: NBCA in Champasak

8http://www.ecotourismlaos.com/donghouasao.htm 9http://www.ecotourismlaos.com/directory/protected_areas/xepian.htm

4.6.3 Social Environment Champasak province is the 2nd largest pollution in Laos, there was 667,305 persons in 2010. It consists of 10 districts namely: Bachieng chaleunsouk, Champasak, Khong, Muonlapamok, Pakse, Pakxong, Pathoumphone, Phonethong, Sanasomboun and Sukhuma.Lao Lum is the majority accounting for 62.1% of the population. Agriculture remains key econmycontributing 49.04% of the total production value of the province.The rest are service and industry sector which share 26.42% and 24.54% respectively. There are 9 districts involving the subproject except Pakxong. The area, population and ethnics are diverse. However, agriculture is till the important sector of the developments. Bachieng district has total land area is of 78,476 ha. It comprises of 5 communes, 45 villages, 8,175 families and total population of 50,011 people. There are almost 15 ethnic groups and main tribes are Laolum, Taoy, Phouthasi, Suay, Laven, Alak, Oaung, Talieng, Lavae, Yaheun, Kachaeng, Gnae, Oy, Katou. 369 out of 8,175 households are recorded as the poor. Champasak district has total land area of 85,375 ha and consists of 5 communes, 75 villages, 9,988 households. The total population is 61,165 persons of which the main ethnic groups are Laolum, Phouthai and Phaophakeo and More than 789 families are considered as the poor. The Khong district occupies 76,291 ha of land area, comprising of 10 communes, 114 villages, 14,769 households. The total population is 85,905 persons and only 2 ethnics groups: Laolum and Prauo which accounted for 98% and 2% respectively. Munlapamok district has land area of 237,554 ha and there are 5 communes, 36 villages, 5,588 households with33,799 people. There are also only 2 ethnics groups namely Laolum which covers 88% of the district and Khmer covering 12% of the population. There are 1,114 households earn a living below the poverty line. Pakse occupies total land area of 92,039 ha. Its population comprises of 5 communes, 42 villages, 12,998 households and 77,997 people. Women are more than half of the total population.100% of the population is Laolum and only some households are known as the poor. Pathumphone covers 287,039 ha and 9 communes, 68 villages, 9,608 households and56,034 people. There are two major ethnic groups namely Laolum figuring in 91.3% and LaoTheung of 8.7%.of which key sub-tribes are Laven, Katang, TaOy, Suay, Lavae, Yaheun, Gnae, Katou, Oy, Kaseng, Inh, Talieng, Yaeh, Alak and Pakho.Among these 3,666 households are living under poverty line. Phonethong district covers 100,855 ha and 5 communes, 71 villages, 16,218 households and 89,769 people. Women are 45,156 persons. Most of the people are Laolum and 1,288 are poor households. Sanasomboun district covers 92,039 ha and 5 communes, 73 villages, 11,313 households and 65,037 people.There are 2 ethnics groups namely Laolum which is majority and 3.7% Katang group.

Sukhuma district covers 117,931 ha and 6 communes, 56 villages, 8,630 households and population 53,212 people. There are 3 ethnics groups: Laolum, Suay and Khmer. 2,957 out of 8,630 are poor households. As mentioned, the agriculture are important sources of income of the people in the subproject areas as well as 9 districts. The agriculture covers more than 65% of the economic activity and present numbers of livestock in the 9 districts are as follows.

Table 25: Livestock situation in subproect area

No Districts Pigs(heads) Fish ponds (in Goats Poultry(heads) Ha) (heads) 1 Pakse 5,811 49 ha 1,328 46,916 2 Sanasomboun 17,255 206,68 ha 978 111,079 3 Phonethong 12,707 198 ha 640 1,109,789 4 Bachieng 8,574 200 ha 2,904 120,700 5 Pathumphone 20,624 221 ha 694 300,716 6 Champasak 6,640 180.76 ha 0 334,178 7 Sukhuma 10,210 113 ha 230 101,200 8 Munlapamok 7787 96.5 ha 112 349,915 9 Khong 14,522 72 ha 0 486,442

4.7. CPA COM 10: Promotion Commercialization ofPig Farming in Champasak

4.7.1 Physical Environment This subproject located at the same targeted districts as CPA COM 9; the physical environments of this subproject are referred to what was described in the CPA COM 9 above.

4.7.2 Biological Environment See the biological environment described in the CPA COM 9.

4.7.3 Social Environment See the social environment described in the CPA COM 9.

4.8. SEK COM 4: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Sekong

4.8.1 Physical Environment Sekong occupies a total land area of 7,665 km2. It is geographically formed with mountainous and plateau terrain.The high mountain is especially in the northeastern or part of Anamite mountain range. Southwestern connects with Bolavenplateau which is quite flat with volcanic fertile soil.

As mentioned, there are two districts, Thaeng and Lamam involved in the subproject.Thateng districtis in the western part of the Bolaven Plateau. Majority of land area is flat with some rolling mountains. Lamam, the capital of Sekong issituated in the middle of the Province and the land

area is also in Bolaven which is low land and suitable for agriculture. The altitudes range from 81m to 1269m.

The average precipitation is relatively high or up to 3,943.2 mm; resulting height of humidity which accounts for 73%.Temperature is around 27.8 oC while the minimum temperature is 21.4oC and maximum of 32.9 oC.

Figure 22: Temperature in Sekong

Average Temperature of Sekong 27.8 27.6 27.4 27.2 27 26.8 26.6 y = 0.011x + 26.88 26.4 R² = 0.026 26.2 26 25.8 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Figure 23: Rainfall in Sekong

Rainfall in Sekong 2000.0 1800.0 1600.0 1400.0 1200.0 1000.0 y = -5.207x + 1548. R² = 0.021 800.0 600.0 400.0 200.0 0.0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

The main river of the province is Sekong River which flows through most district of the province. Lamam, the capital town of Sekong is situated along Sekong River bank. But Thateng is further away from the river. However, there are some rivers that liedown on Thateng district such as Huay Lamphan Yai and its tributaries.

4.8.2 Biological Environment In general, Sekong’s territory include part of two NBCAs, Xe Xap to the northeast and Dong Amphan in the southeast. As mentioned above, theXe Xap NBCA isimportant ecosystem and rich in biodiversity. Predominant forest are Hill evergreen, semi-evergreen and pine forest and Key wildlife reported to be found in the area are Bear, gaur, dhole, serow, muntjac and tiger. Dong Amphan NBCA is mainly in Attapeu province, only part of it lies in Sekong in the northeast. Below is the map of Xe Xap while detail of Dong Amphan was described in the NBCAs in Attapeu.

Figure 24: NBCA in Sekong

4.8.3 Social Environment Sekong is one of the low population and density. Total population, as of 2010, was 101,809 people. 51,737 were female. Ethnic groups are quite dominant and the main groups include Katang, Tahoy, Pako, Kado and Suay. Majority of these tribes still keep lifestyle as origins.

Local economy depends on agriculture and livestock rearing. Based on the estimates, about 71% of Sekong’s households are poor and GDP per capita is estimated to be at $US 426 (the national average at $US 983). Although the agriculture is the main occupation but rice paddy and other production are limited or small scale;leading province to face food insecurity. The targeted districts, Lamam and Thateng are provincial capital and new developing district respectively. There are 42 villages, 7 Kumb Bans and population of 30,970 people in District. Of whom 15, 835 are females. Majority of the population are ethnic minority groups and only 5% is Laoloum. Those ethnics are Alak, Ngaeh, Katu, Trieng, Yaehs, Lavy, Laven, Lavae, Souai, Ta Oih, Katang, Kapork. The main land area is covered by forest which accounted for 136,492 Ha. Only 28,938 Ha is agricultural land and the remaining 13,869 Ha is residential and other land uses. Small livestock rearing is primary and traditional. At present, there are 4,389 heads of pigs; 1,833 heads goats;27,757 heads of poultry and 80 tons of fish produced in the district. There are 6 Kumb Ban and 55 villages and total population of 32,176 people in the Thateng district in 2010. In that 16, 722 were women. Its population consists of the major 8 ethnic groups namely Katu, Ngaeh, Trieng, Yaehs, Lavy, Laven, Lavae, Katang. Like other ditrict, livestock is key income earning of Thateng.Based on the estimates made by province, there are about 5,338 heads of pigs;2,530 heads of goats; 235,263 heads of poultry andalso around 80 tons of fish is being reared.

4.9. ATT COM 1: Promotion Commercialization of Livestock in Attapeu

4.9.1 Physical Environment Attapeuprovince is located in the most Southeastern of Lao PDR. The capital city, Samakhixai is built in a large picturesque valley surrounded by mountains and the loop upstream. The total land area is 10,320 km2. Attapeu is bordered with Sekong in the North, Champasack in the West, Vietnam in the East and Cambodia in the South. There are 5 districts in the province, namely: Samakhixai, Xaysettha, Sanamxay, Sanxay and Phouvong. Attapeu is known for its six rivers: Se Kong, Se Kaman Se Sou, Se Nam Noe, Sepien and Nam Ngone. People can take a boat along the Se Kong River and then up the Se Pian River to access Se Pian National Protected area. The remote and little known Nong Fa Lake is the largest and possibly only crater lake in the country. Overall, the Attapeu river valley is characterized by a landscape of a fertile plain patterned with a patchwork of rice paddies and fruits orchard. The natural protected areas in Attapeu are Se Pian and Dong Ampham National Protected areas. The Eastern slopes of Bolaven plateau in Attapeu are heavily forested and support various wildlife species. In Attapeu the main crops are growing, rice, coffee, rubber, vegetables and fruit tree, and others annual crops.

Attapue province has the climate of tropical monsoon with 2 distinguished seasons: the dry season is from November to March meanwhile the rainy season starts from April to October. The annual average precipitation is 2,100 mm. There are about the average relative humidity is 74%/year. The annual average temperature is 27.5 0C, minimum 14.2 0C, maximum is 39.8 0C.

Figure 25: Temperature in Attapeu

Average Temperature of Attapeu 29.00

28.50

28.00

27.50 y = 0.009x + 27.53 27.00 R² = 0.018 26.50

26.00 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Figure 26: Rainfall in Attapeu

Rainfall in Attapeu 3500.0 y = -3.403x + 2334. 3000.0 R² = 0.002 2500.0

2000.0

1500.0

1000.0

500.0

0.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

4.9.2 Biological Environment Dong Amphan NBCAis the key natural resources situated in the east and Annamite mountain range of Attapeu province. It is IUCN’s Category VI NBCAconsisting of 197,500 ha of five districts: Saysetha, Samakhixay, Sanamxay, Xanxay and Phouvong and 188 villages. The forest is predominant by lowland evergreen, semi-evergreen and deciduous and dry dipterocarp forest with wide range of elevation from 120 to 2,000 m above sea level. 80 species of mammals, 280 species of birds and 300-400 species of fish and numerous species of reptileswere documented in the area. The key mammals are Douc Langur, Buff-cheeked Gibbon, Fishing and Asiatic Golden Cat, Clouded Leopard, Tiger, Giant and Trong Song Muntjac and Asian Elephants.

Key species of birds are Siamese Fireback , Crested Argus , Masked Finfoot , Lesser Fish Eagles , Red-collared and Pale-headed Woodpeckers, Bar-bellied and Blue-rumped Pittas, Grey-faced Tit Babbler, White-rumpedand Red-headed vulture, and Woolly-necked Stork and Great Hornbills.

Figure 27: NBCA in Attapeu

4.9.3 Social environment

As of 2010, population in the Attapeu province reached a total of 120,886 people, 59,521 of which were female. Lao Loum group occupy 17% and Ethnic minority groups occupy 83%. The population density is 11.7 persons/ km2. Attapeu is where one can find many minority peoples, nine major groups are Alak, Katang, Kaleum, Katou, Suay, Nge, Lave, Tahoy, Nyajeung, these people live and work follows their unchanging lifestyle for century. The annual growth rate in Attapeu is 2.7%. The birth rate is 3.7% and the mortality rate is 1.6%. The average life expectancy is 52 and 55.5 for men and women respectively. 95% of the population lives in rural areas and the majority of economic revenue comes from the agriculture sector. (UNDP, 2001)

The incidence of poverty is highest in the most remote, mountainous areas of the province. Sanxay and Phouvong are classified as very poor districts, Sanamxai is classified as a poor district, and Samakkixay and Xaysettha are not identified as poor (Map14, Poverty in Southern Lao PDR) (GoL, 2003). GDP per capita is estimated to be at $US350 (the national average at $US 983), and the main income of population is agriculture production. The irony is that though agriculture is the main occupation, the province still lacks in foodgrains, especially rice every year. Attapeu is ranked as the 7th poorest province in the country with 45.9% of the population falling under the poverty line (based on Lao Expenditure and Consumption Surveys – LECS). The impact of poverty is especially severe on women. Work that is traditionally done by women includes clearing fallows for agriculture, rearing livestock, and collecting fire wood. Resource depletion and introduction of new diseases results in a larger labour burden for less overall outputs. Women must also conduct their work while raising young children (SPC, 2001).

4.10. ATT COM 2: Integrated Rice-Pulse Based Farming System in Attapeu

4.10.1 Physical Environment In general, Attapeu province situated in a large valley, surrounded by mountains and 6 main rivers: Se Kong, Se Kaman Se Sou, Se Nam Noe, Sepien and nam Ngone. The total land area is 10,320 km2 and quite large parts of areas are in the Bolaven plateau. Overall, along the rivers are fertile plainsand now becomes a patchwork of rice paddies and fruits orchard. The climate is tropical monsoon 2 distinguished into 2 seasons as other provinces.The dry season is from November to March meanwhile the rainy season starts from April to October. The annual rainfall is 2,100 mm on average. Humidity is rather high, indicating 74% on average. The mean annual temperature is 27.5 0C;with minimum of 14.2 0C and maximum of 39.8 0C.

4.10.2 Biological Environment As mentioned and shown in the map above, the key forest and habitat of the province is Dong Amphan NBCA. However, the NBCA is in the northeast while subproject area is in the middle and southwest, which further away and unlikely to be impacted by subproject.

4.10.3 Social Environment There are 5 districts: Samakhixai, Xaysettha, Sanamxay, Sanxay and Phouvong and as of 2010, population in the province was about 120,886 people. 59,521 were female. Lao Loum group occupy 17% and Ethnic minority groups occupy 83%. The GDP per capita is around US$ 614 (while the national average is at US$983).17.8 % of households are under poverty line and some faced rice shortage for every year. This subproject covered 3 districts namely: Sanamxai, Samakhixai and Xaysettha. Of which, there are three clusters of villages (Kumb Bans): Hinlat, Phameuang and Thetsaban;and twelve villages and around 10% of 3 districts population.Of which, women in the subproject target

villages presented 52%. The majority or 90% of population are Lao Loum. The rest 10% are ethnic minority group which include Ta Lieng, La Vai (Samakkhi village and Thetsabane Kumb Ban); Su and Ya Heun (Tor Mor Yord, Samong Tay villages and Hinlat Kumb Ban). Almost all the households depend on agriculture. Main production and income is agriculture. There are4097 ha of rainy season rice paddy which its productivity is at 2.5 - 2.9 ton/ha;522 ha of dry season paddy which yield a bit better or 4 ton/ha. However, overall, the cultivation area is relatively small considering the area per households. In addition, livestock also plays important roles of the local economy. There are about 5-6 thousand of buffalos and cattle, 3 thousand of pigs, a thousand of goat and 61 thousand of poultries are being raised by farmers in the three districts. Table below shows basic socioeconomic information of targeted villages.

Table 26: Existing conditions of three Kumban

Kumb Ban % of 3 Total of Kumb No Item Unit three Pha Thetsa Bans/ Hinlat Total district meuang ban district Total area Ha 5,671 34,643 209,08 612,22 438,949 0.14

1 Agricultural land Ha 2,764 1,581 1,049 5,394 65,340 0.08 Rainy season 2 Ha 2,084 1,159 854 4,097 23,905 0.17 rice 3 Dry season rice Ha 212 192 118 522 1,106 0.47 4 Upland rice Ha 0 0 0 0 2 0.00 5 Other crops Ha 0 0 5.95 5.95 690.24 0.01 6 Cattle Head 944 3,847 573 5,364 26,236 0.20 7 Buffalo Head 2,973 2,830 749 6,552 41,381 0.16 8 Pig Head 1,239 1,589 382 3,210 17,370 0.18 9 Goat Head 173 456 190 819 3,670 0.22 10 Poultry Head 18,314 37,692 4,986 60,992 320,553 0.19 11 Fish Ha 0 0.08 0 0.08 1.34 0.06 12 No of population Person 9,544 3,300 12,844 92,130 0.14

No. of 13 No. 1,953 3,098 602 5,653 23,121 0.24 household No. of 14 Agriculture No. 1,726 1,547 558 3,831 19,319 0.20 household Women is owner Person 15 of agricultural 1,738 39 17,77 3,138 0.57 s household Source: Statistics survey by PAFO, June 2011 and Attapeu PPO survey, June 2011.

CHAPTER 5: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ASSESSMENT

The potential environmental impacts were identified and assessed through 1) classification of the subproject, 2) identify and 3) assessment with the use of impact checklist and matrix. In addition, the impact identification and assessment were conductedthrough stakeholder consultation.

Based on similarity of subprojects type and aspects including impacts; subprojects were classified into three main groups: livestock and small scale agriculture development, infrastructure which includes irrigation and access road.The livestock and small scale agriculture subproject types areSVK COM 10, SVK PR1, SAL PR 1, SEK COM 10, CPA COM 9 and 10, ATP COM 1 and COM 2 while SAL COM1 is irrigation based/prominent subproject10 and SAL COM 4 is road based subproject11.

The potential impacts were identified with the use of impact checklist for each type of the subproject.Inwhich the identification of impact covered three main phrases: pre-construction, construction and close or operation of the subproject and also covered most impact areas or targets such as physical, biological and social value.

The impacts were assessed with help of impact matrix which looks at impact significance through assessment of types and scales of activities against ecological and social value and also impact duration.

5.1. Livestock and Small Scale Agriculture Development Subproject Type

As mentioned, theSVK COM 10, SVK PR1, SAL PR 1, SEK COM 10, CPA COM 9 and 10, ATP COM 1 and 2 are livestock and small agriculture development type subproject. Although impacts and scales might be slightly different especially because of different location environment and context including different stakeholder involvement and implementation style;such differencesare not significant or majority of impactsare similar and in overall, can be one group. So the potential impacts of these subprojects were identified and assessed by use of same set of impact checklist and matrix. Details of the impacts identification and assessment forpre-, during and post construction phase of the subproject are as follows.

5.1.1 Environmental Impacts due to the location and Design Overall there is no significant or direct negative impact at this stage. The key activities during this stage are only survey, selection of location and partnersforestablishing production centres andsmall facilities,livestock pens, maize or crops production areas,preparation of subproject detailed design including improvement options of subproject activities and bidding. These activities are unlikely to cause major impact. However, selection of location and design is crucial because if suitable location and design are not selected; negative impact can be anticipated. So the concern at this stage is that improper selection and/or change of subproject location and design which may result in changing the scope or scale of environmental impacts predicted in

10Irrigation rehabilitation is the main activities that is likely to cause the negative impact 11Road rehabilitation is the main activities that is likely to cause the negative impact

the IEE or locating production centres, facilities, livestock pens at inappropriate site such as un- approved areas, forest areas,or unstable or close to community.Another concern is exclusion of environmental management and mitigation measures in biding documents and contracts.

However, the concern or risk is avoidable and shall be addressed through consultation process and use of participatory approach including using appropriate criteria for considerations and selection of suitable sites/areas for the production and processing centres, demonstration, for maize production and include mitigation measures in the contract or agreement.

5.1.2 Environmental problems associated with construction stage Overall livestock system and agriculture development such as livestock farming, processing and feed and fodder production can cause some negative impacts on physical, biological and social environment such as land and soil, water, air, forest, wildlife and aquatics, health, conflict and disturbance due to solid waste and waste water, odour, noise, forest encroachment and land use conflict due to expansion of maize or fodder production and so on. However, it depends on the type and scale of activities, location, design and implementation methods. As for the SNRMPRP’s proposed livestock and small scale agriculture development subprojects; its main activities in this stage are only establishing livestock producing centres (engaged with and increase production of existing livestock producing centres), demonstration, establish and provision of revolving fund and production group formulation; so only some impacts especially odour, unhygienic environment and health risk are likely to be key issues. The forest encroachment or land use conflicts resulted from maize production could be also issues if there is no appropriate measure in place. Apart from these impacts or risks, it is unlikely to occur or significant. However, such impacts are not significant because the activities are small scale and temporary; majority of livestock and maize production are on existing farming ones.Followings are description ofpotential impacts and impact assessment.

1. Potential impact identification

The potential impacts were identified based on activity type, location and implementation mode; with the use of impact identification checklist, site observation and consultation;the results of the identification can be shown as in the Table 30 below.

Table 27: Potential impact from livestock and small scale griculture subproject type

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Yes No AND SOCIAL (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS PHYSICAL RESOURCES The livestock and agriculture development subproject type are subject to cause increase or change of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emission rather than impact on the other aspect of air Air Quality (GHGs) X quality e.g. methane and nitrous from enteric fermentation and manure; carbon dioxide and nitrous from land use change and soil disturbance. Especially at existing pig producing centers and larger farms Noise X (20 pigs) Existing pig producing centers, meat processing Odor X (slaughterhouse) and large farm where manure and waste

water including odor are improperly managed In general, the erosion could occur due to maize cultivation Erosion/Sedimentation X especially in steep slope area and maize only cropping.

However, in this case it is different maize is promoted on the

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Yes No AND SOCIAL (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS existing farm land which is plateau or not on steep slope. In addition, some applied intercropping techniques and erosion evident are not found. So it is unlike to occur. Soil degradation/ Especially maize production where no intercropping and or X Fertility reduction rotation cropping is promoted. Most of the activity areas are not close to river;no use of huge Surface water/ X water from river or cause a hugeland use change in the Hydrology watershed area. So it could be free from hydrological impact. Most of the activity areas are not close to and no direct Surface water Quality X discharge to river. Ground water is perceived to be so deep in the ground (based on observation of wells) while waste water is stored in the Groundwater Quality X concrete or soil packed pond especially producing centers and

large farms. So no contact and impact to the ground water are anticipated. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Producing centers, livestock facilities and processing, maize Forest encroachment X and fodder producing are mostly on the exiting area. In addition,

forest in adjacent area is limited. Limited forest, river-fauna habitat and fauna in or adjacent Terrestrial Fauna X subproject activity areas Limited forest, river -flora habitat and flora in or adjacent Aquatic Flora X subproject activity areas No river-aquatic habitat and aquatic fauna in or adjacent Aquatic Fauna X subproject activity areas Irrelevant and no NBCAs, conservation ponds and endanger Endangered species X species in or adjacent areas Protected areas/ X Irrelevant and no impact since no NBCAs in or adjacent areas NBCAs etc HUMAN USE VALUES AND QUALITY OF LIFE Population and community See odor and noise mentioned above

(disturbance) Settlements X None

No negative impact but positive impacts such as improvement Infrastructures/Facilities X of livestock and farming facilities. No negative impact but positive impacts such as improvement Industries commercialization of livestock and agricultural products No negative impact but positive impacts such as improvement Trade and Commerce commercialization of livestock and agricultural products No negative impact but positive impacts such as improvement Agricultural Activities X livestock health, productivity and commercialization. Positive impact such as improvement livestock health, Livestock X productivity and commercialization Irrelevant to negative impact but positive impacts (improve fish Fisheries X farming including feeds for fish and reduce feeds cost) Irrelevant or no negative impact but positive impacts Education X (improvement skills and knowledge) - Positive: improvement of livestock health, sanitation, training and facilities Health X - Risk: odour, unhygienic livestock handing are existing although minor. Health risk could be anticipated due to someinappropriate management of livestock manures and animal health including techniques, facilities and labour. Safety X None/Irrelevant

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Yes No AND SOCIAL (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS Traffic X None/Irrelevant

Especially for maize and fodder production expansion. Land use X However, the subprojects also promote land use planning and

preventing encroachment Land taken/Grasping X See land use

Tourism and X None/Irrelevant recreational resources Aesthetic values X None/Irrelevant

Historical Treasures X None/Irrelevant

Cultural Values X None/Irrelevant

Conflicts X See land use

2. Impact assessment

The impact assessment intends to determine impact significance by considering the impact versus environmental values and scale of the impact. Based on the impacts or risked identified in the Table 28 above, the assessment and outcomes could be assessed and revealed as follows.

Table 28: Impact assessment from livestock and small scale griculture

ENVIRONMENTAL Intensity12 Extent13 Duration14 Scale or Description AND SOCIAL Significance15 ASPECTS PHYSICAL RESOURCES Intensity: Low:CH4, N2O, CO2 emission from livestock and manure management, maize growing are small scale. In addition,promotion of biogas and intercropping in some areas could help minimizing the emission.

Air Quality 1 1 3 Low Extent: Medium: although the (GHGs) GHGs or global warming is global concern; livestock and agriculture are for livelihood subsistence

Duration:Long term: the livestock and agriculture development will be ongoing beyond the timeframe of the subprojects Intensity: Low:the disturbance or impact is low due to it couldjust Noise 1 1 1 Low happens only for animals and some cases e.g. when the animals are

12 Intensity: High =3, Medium=2, Low=1 13 Extent: Regional=3, Local (provincial and district)=2, Village or site specific=1 14 Duration: Long term=3, Medium term=2, Short term=1 15High=3, Medium=2, Low=1

ENVIRONMENTAL Intensity12 Extent13 Duration14 Scale or Description AND SOCIAL Significance15 ASPECTS hungry and not timely feed, and removal. But it is quite common to local.

Extent: village or site specific.

Duration: short term: e.g. when the animals are hungry and not timely feed, and removal. Intensity: Low:the disturbance or impact is low due to it is small scale, there are some handlings (e.g. use of manure to produce fertilizer, use of EM, dry manure system. in addition, it is quite common to local. Odor 1 1 1 Low Extent: village or site specific:within village’s territory.

Duration: short term: e.g. only when the manure is not entirely managed and wet season. Intensity: Low:the disturbance or impact is low due to intercropping and application of green manure is promoted.

Soil degradation/ Extent: village or site specific: 1 1 1 Low Fertility reduction Duration: short term: during maize production only. Soil fertilizer is expected to recover once other crops and green manure are applied. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES None or insignificant since far from or limited and or important flora, fauna and aquatics including ecosystem in the activity areas. HUMAN USE VALUES AND QUALITY OF LIFE Intensity: Low:the disturbance or impact is low due it could only occur when the manure, waster water and livestock pens are poorly managed or unhygienic (due to shortage of labor) and seasonal disease outbreak. Since livestock health care or vaccination present disease is promoted, some applied biogas and produce manure fertilizer to Health risk 2 1 1 Low minimize the manure and water waster, training on how to handle with livestock safely was promoted; it is expected that impact is low.

Extent: village or site specific:

Duration: short term: e.g. during poorly managed or unhygienic (due to shortage of labor) and seasonal

ENVIRONMENTAL Intensity12 Extent13 Duration14 Scale or Description AND SOCIAL Significance15 ASPECTS disease outbreak. Intensity: Low:the disturbance or impact is low due to it is mainly promoted on the existing farm land.

Extent: village or site specific:land use or expansion of the maize and other production are within each village’s territory or with agreement with other villages if land use is Land use 1 1 1 Low expanded into other village’s territory.

Duration: short term: land use planning and allocation is under way. It is expected that land use conflict is minimized n is completed. Or land use conflict may happen only short-term (during land use plan is unclear).

Overall, the impact or risk are minor, however, shall be handled appropriately by performing following key mitigation measures: - Increase awareness/provision of information, include appropriate manure, waste water, handling, disease prevention, sustainable agriculture and land use planning; - Promote application of manure and waste water or treatment forexisting and demonstration farms; - Select suitable areas for maize production including promote integrate/rotation cropping and application of manure while control chemical fertilizer use.

5.1.3 Environmental Problems during Operation

The key activities especially ones that are like to cause negative impacts are producing thousand of piglets, ducks, chicks and millions of fingerlings and especially at the producing centers. In addition, some potential impacts can be taken place due to household livestock raising, meat and fish processing centers.

The key impacts or risks are solid waste from vaccination; waste water and odor discharge from livestock breeding centers, processing and pens; disease outbreak and health risk resulted from inappropriate livestock handling, overuse or misuse of manure which can cause water contamination, degradation, and unhygienic environment.

These impacts or risks are unlikely critical but it is important to ensure that such impact are avoided or minimized. - Vaccinate livestock and disposal vaccination waste at the suitable area/landfill or otherwise burning especially contagious waste; - Establish proper discharge and treatment system for treating waste water (waste water pond, use for crops growing, use bio-extract liquid, risk husks or ash to cope with odor or use manures and waste as the input for biogas production;

- Provide training and information or awareness on the hygiene livestock handling practice.

Figure 28: Examples of Pig Farming Situation

5.2. Irrigation Development Subproject Type

5.2.1 Environmental Impacts due to the location and Design The main activities for this stage are survey and detail design including improvement options of subproject irrigation scheme and procurement or bidding. Overall there is no environmental impact in this stage; there is no major change in the project design and location. In addition, majority of activities are not yet implemented. Although the rehabilitation of the irrigation schemes is taken place in the area of Sedone River, there is no valuable forest as well as endangered species of fauna and flora in and adjacent area. Impact on any protected areas and important flora or fauna are not anticipated.

5.2.2 Environmental problems associated with construction stage Overall there could be negative impacts resulting from irrigation construction such as land grapping, land use conflict and forest encroachment due to expansion of cultivation areas resulted from irrigation expansion; soil salinity due to off and on irrigation;sedimentation; disturb aquatic and fisheries and water use conflict. However, since this irrigation is on the existing or just replace the soil packed canal, expand the concrete canal and repairing some damages of existing concrete canal; no major impacts are likely observed and foreseen. Details of potential impacts and impacts assessment are as follows.

1. Impact identification

With the same approach and processes of the impact identification and assessment mentioned above, the potential impacts of the irrigation based subproject can be identified were presented in the Table 32 below.

Table 29: Potential impact from irrigation based subproject type

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Yes No AND SOCIAL (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS PHYSICAL RESOURCES Air quality/Dust/ Dust and emission could generate from transportation and X Pollution emissions earth work. But it is so negligible and temporary. Only during use of equipment and construction but it is Noise X negligible and temporary

Odor X No odor is anticipated

- Erosion and sediment including damage of canal could be happened especially during flooding. Erosion/Sedimentation X - Sediment could release into the paddy field especially during canal cleaning and flooding Soil degradation/ Indirect impact. Improvement can increase cultivation area and X Fertility reduction frequency; leading to increase synthetic fertilizers. Surface water/ Only small amount of water irrigated compare to discharge of X Hydrology the Sedone River. Only oil spill from pump repair can cause some impact on the Surface water Quality X quality. Pump repair is only conducted once a year and usually

with care. So oil spill is rarely taken place. Most part or project funded is concrete canal. Although irrigation Groundwater Quality X is off (raining season) and on (dry season), it is unlikely to

cause impact to ground water.

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Yes No AND SOCIAL (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Irrelevant. Although there is mangrove forest along Sedone River, the constructions of canals are on the existing alignment Forest encroachment X or just replace the soil packed canals which are mostly lie down the paddy field. Terrestrial Fauna X See forest encroachment above

Aquatic Flora X Irrelevant

Indirect. Only small amount of water irrigated from the Sedone Aquatic Fauna X River. Important species of aquatics or fish are rarely found in

the River at irrigation area. Endangered species X Irrelevant, see forest encroachment above

Protected Irrelevant, see forest encroachment above X areas/NBCAs etc HUMAN USE VALUES AND QUALITY OF LIFE Population and X None communities/Migration Settlements X None

Existing canal passes through home garden, road and paddy field. Repairing of some damage canal or revitalize the canal Infrastructures/Facilities X could just impact some facilities such as road in the village.

However, impact is not significant since it is only some areas, small scale and temporary. Positive but indirect. Improvement of the irrigation schemes Industries X could result in increase production and processing including

commercialization of rice and rice products. Trade and Commerce X See industries above

Agricultural Activities X See industries above

Open and deep canal could pose a risk to large livestock to fall down and trapped especially off cultivation season when Livestock X livestock are released for free grazing in the paddy field where open irrigation located. - Positive. Irrigation provides fish farming in the rice paddy field Fisheries X - Negative. Noise and irrigation of water could disturb fishery but it is small scale and temporary Irrelevant or indirect positive impact. Improvement irrigation Education X revitalize the water use group performance - Risk of falling into the open canal and hurt especially kids. Some kids like playing or having a bath on the canal. Previously kids fell and hurt on the old open canalsin Khamthong and nearby village. However, village leaders already educated and encourage taking care of kids and be aware of such danger. Health X - No water born disease is anticipated. No water in dry season or off season. Although there is water in the canal during cultivation, raining and flooding period; there was no record. - Indirect negative impact. Improvement irrigation could lead to increase production area and frequency including pesticide and chemicals use; leading to health risk. Safety X See health risk above

Irrelevant. Although there are sometimes transportation of Traffic X construction materials, it does not cause or increase traffic

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Yes No AND SOCIAL (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS impact. Although improvement of irrigation might lead to increase expansion of rice and other cultivation area, expansion is on Land use X household land or no land grapping. In addition, it did not happen in the past. Land taken/Grasping X See land use

Tourism and X Irrelevant recreational resources Especially water use or allocation. Although water use conflict could occur e.g. the end or tributary canal rice field might not adequately access to water compare rice field that locate head Conflicts (water use) X or main canal. However, it is manageable and addressed by water use group which, from observation, perform pretty well so far. Aesthetic values X Irrelevant

Historical Treasures X Irrelevant

Cultural Values X Irrelevant

2. Impact assessment

Based on the table above, only some environmental impacts or risks associates with those mentioned activities can be taken place but such impacts or risks are minor because activities and most of the impacts small scale, site specific, temporary and manageable.

Table 30: Impact significance of irrigation development

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Scale or AND SOCIAL Intensity Extent Duration Significance ASPECTS PHYSICAL RESOURCES Intensity: low disturbance due to temporary and far from community. Although transport of the construction materials on the soil packed road could generate dust and emissions but it temporary and Air quality/Dust/ short term. 1 1 1 Low Pollution emissions Extent: Site specific e.g. only in traffic road and irrigation construction sites. Duration: temporary e.g. during transport of material and construction of the earth bank canal of irrigation. Intensity: low disturbance due to temporary and far from community. Although transport of the construction materials and Noise 1 1 1 Low construction of irrigation release only low noise or common for local (for construction work). Extent: Site specific e.g. only in

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Scale or AND SOCIAL Intensity Extent Duration Significance ASPECTS traffic road and irrigation construction sites. Duration: temporary e.g. during transport of material and construction of irrigation. Intensity: low disturbance due to low erosions Extent: Site specific e.g. only Erosion/Sedimentation 1 1 1 Low irrigation back of canal Duration: temporary e.g. during transport of material and construction of irrigation. Intensity: low disturbance due to it is indirect impact. Soil degradation/ Extent: Site specific e.g. only paddy 1 1 3 Low Fertility reduction field Duration:Long term: rice growing will be continued for future Intensity: only small amount of water irrigated compare to discharge of the Sedone River. Extent: Sedone river Surface water quantity 1 2 3 low Duration: Long term: rice growing will be continued, irrigation is expected to maintain and support the production for future Intensity: only oil spill from pump operation and repair are likely minor Extent: Site specific or only pumping site and near by Surface water Quality 1 1 1 Low Duration: Long term: rice growing will be continued, irrigation is expected to maintain and support the production for future Most part or project funded is concrete canal. Although irrigation is Groundwater Quality 1 1 1 Low off (raining season) and on (dry season), it is unlikely to cause impact to ground water. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Intensity: only small amount of water irrigated compare to discharge of the Sedone River. Extent: Sedone river Aquatic Fauna 1 1 1 Low Duration: Long term: rice growing will be continued, irrigation is expected to maintain and support the production for future HUMAN USE VALUES AND QUALITY OF LIFE Intensity: low disturbance: existing canal passes through home garden, road and paddy field. Repairing of Infrastructures/ some damage canal and expansion Facilities/ 1 1 2 Low of concrete canal could just impact Property some facilities and pieces of rice field Extent: within village or local road and land

ENVIRONMENTAL Description Scale or AND SOCIAL Intensity Extent Duration Significance ASPECTS Duration: Long term or permanent: irrigation will cause the change land use permanently Intensity:although it is critical issues but fall and hurt are rarely Health and safety 1 1 1 Low happened. Extent:irrigation canal Duration:temporary Intensity: it is critical issues but there is rare possibility since water use group is quite strong with good Conflicts 1 1 1 Low solidarity. Extent:village or water use group Duration:could temporary since it can be solved from time to time

However, the main impacts or risks to be taken into account or monitoring are impact on property (road and home garden), risk of accident, and water use conflicts because if the construction and operation is proceed carelessly.

1) Impact on property

Since the existing and damage canal is lined across some home garden and village road, construction/rehabilitation of the canal in these areas can result in damage of home garden and village road if the planning and construction are proceed carelessly, without stakeholder consultation and monitoring. However, these anticipated impacts are not significant because most impacts are small scale, temporary and only few sites. These impacts or risks can be manageable by especially consultation with villagers, road authorities and contractor-ensuring that these issues are included in the contract. In addition, monitoring of the rehabilitation and risks should be conducted regularly to ensure that the risks are addressed properly and timely.

2) Risk of accident

The risk of accident is observable due to open deep canal which passes through villages. Kids and large animal could be accidentally fallen and trapped in some areas. In addition, risk of accident can be taken place at where irrigations canal meets road especially during construction of irrigation canal and local passing by. This kind of accident happened during construction of the existing canal. However, these are not major issues oravoidable. This subproject shall address these risks by especially provision of information and education for avoiding such risk or impact. Kids should be kept out of the canal. Good fencing or keep out animal can help preventing animal to access to and falling in the canal. Where possible, cover the canal with durable cover especially ones that are close to houses or community.

3) Water use conflict

Although there is water use group which functions very well, due to the level of Sedone River and irrigated water change or so different in dry and raining season which could cause water shortage or flood including maintenance cost; leading to conflict or disruption of the water use group. So monitoring and supporting the water use group is necessary.

5.2.3 Environmental Problems during Operation

Improvement of the irrigation scheme could result in increase cultivation area; leading to increase use of chemical fertilizer or pesticides. Based on the current discussion with water users group, many farmers are using and/or intend to apply compostmade of manure instead chemical fertilizer because synthesis fertilizer is costly and while they needs to improve soil fertility. Awareness raising activities will be conducted to enforce appropriate use of agriculture chemicals in accordance with the environmental guidelines for application and control of fertilizer and pesticides developed by Department of Agriculture of MAF.

There may be a possibility of overflow and breach of the canals system during flood season. Heavy rain and storm occurred every 3-4 years; causing Sedone River inundated the irrigation and farm land. In 2013, several sites of irrigation canals and pump were damaged.

Without flood, the volume of water to be conducted through the system is small; the likelihood of breach is negligible.

The water user association (WUA) exists and conducts regular maintenance; clogging and water use conflicts are manageable or unlike to occur.

Figure 29: Irrigation Area Situation

5.3. Road Development Subproject Type

5.3.1 Environmental Impacts due to the location and Design Overall there is no environmental impact in this stage; however, since the design and location are key factors determining the significance of the impact; minimizing or avoiding negative impact can be addressed in this stage to certain extend.

The proposed road construction is located in the existing road where no rare or endangered species of fauna and flora in and adjacent area.Road rehabilitation and improvement will be within the existing Right of Way (ROW) and involves no major design changes in alignment but raising the surface of the road above the flood level. Due to the soil type of sandy and clay loam, there may a need to procure the soil from outside the village.Borrow pits will be located at sites that do not result in erosion. Only government approved quarry sites will be used for construction materials such as stone, sand, and gravel. In addition, compensation should be taken into account for the quarry site selection to avoid compensation or otherwise, compensation for loss of structures and affected persons should be considered.

The road improvement will be done through participation scheme in which villagers will contribute necessary labor for construction and minor regular maintenance (e.g. fill up pot holes, cleaning culvert and road sides) while major road work will be done by machinery of contractor. Some parts of the road pass through undulations with patches of forest areas. However, the forests are not categorized as protected areas and prior clearance from the forest department will be obtained before execution of works.

5.3.2 Environmental problems associated with construction stage Overall road rehabilitation could bring about negative impacts such as impact on property including land, forest encroachment due to enlargement ofroad ROW, erosion and sedimentation, disturb wildlife, aquatic and fisheries, dust and emissions, health risk and accident etc. However, since this subproject’s road rehabilitation is on the existing or just replaces the soil packed roadwith gravel road. Followings are potential impacts and its significance.

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1. Impacts identification

Based on the similar approach of assessment; the potential impacts can be predicted as presented in the table below.

Table 31: Potential impact from road based subproject type

ENVIRONMENTAL Magnitude Description Yes No AND SOCIAL or size (if (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS yes) PHYSICAL RESOURCES Dust and emission could generate from Air quality/Dust/ transportation and earth work and especially X Moderate Pollution emissions during windy period and inadequate watering. However, it is temporary. Insignificant Only during use of equipment but it is negligible Noise X and temporary

Odor X Or irrelevant

- Erosion and sediment including damage of canal could be happened especially during flooding. Erosion/Sedimentation X Minor - Sediment could release into the paddy field especially during canal cleaning and flooding Indirect impact. Improvement road access might Soil degradation/ X Insignificant lead to increase cultivation area and use of Fertility reduction synthetic fertilizers. Surface water/ Only a small stream cross the road and no major X Insignificant Hydrology water work Only a small stream crosses the road and no major water work. Oil spill, erosion and Surface water Quality X Insignificant sedimentation are rarely happened on the stream area. Although there is quarry work but it is on soil Groundwater Quality X surface, so it is unlikely to cause impact on

ground water. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES Road rehabilitation is on the existing one or ROW, limited forest nearby or no forest on the ROW. However, it could be indirect impact; the Forest encroachment X Insignificant improvement of road might lead to expansion agricultural land to forest area elsewhere or further area Terrestrial Fauna X See also forest encroachment above

Only a small stream in the road area, no or Aquatic Flora X limited aquatic life and no major water work. So it

is unlikely to cause negative impact. Aquatic Fauna X See above

See also forest encroachment and aquatics Endangered species X above Protected See also forest encroachment above X areas/NBCAs etc HUMAN USE VALUES AND QUALITY OF LIFE - Especially migration, but it is likely small Population and X Insignificant scale and there is a control migration communities/Migration measures

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ENVIRONMENTAL Magnitude Description Yes No AND SOCIAL or size (if (Likely) (Unlikely) ASPECTS yes) - See dust and noise mentioned above Settlements X Irrelevant

Irrelevant negative impact but positive impacts Infrastructures/Facilities X (improvement of road) Positive but indirect. Improvement of the road could result in increase production and Industries X processing including commercialization of

agricultural products such as sweet potato, banana and peanut. Trade and Commerce X See industries above

Agricultural Activities X See industries above

Livestock X Irrelevant

Fisheries X -

Education X Irrelevant or see the impact from dust

- Construction of road could lead to road Health X Minor accident and work place accident

- See impact from dust Safety X Minor See health risk above

- Negative: Increase some congestion Traffic X - Positive: improve traffic in long term and bring about high benefits - Loss some pieces of land due to quarry sites. However, agreement could be reach with land owners and reciprocal practice is in place e.g. convert quarry site into fish Land use X Minor pond. - Improvement of road might lead to increase areas for crops and demand for land; resulting land grasping land use conflict Land taken/Grasping X Insignificant See land use

Tourism and X Irrelevant recreational resources Conflicts X Insignificant Especially land use

Limited or no change of landscape. Only dust, Aesthetic values X quarry and stock piling could impact on aesthetic

value but these are small scale and temporary Historical Treasures X No important historical sites encountered

Although there is temple and cultural activities, it Cultural Values X is unlikely to be impacted

2. Impacts assessment

Apart from impact identification, it is important to determine significance of the impact. The significance of the impact, in general, assessed based on the important of the environmental values and degree of disturbance or impact which consider the intensity, extent and duration of the impact. However, presented below are only assessment of the key impacts which are required to be included in the management and monitoring plan.

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Table 32: Impact significance from road construction

Major Potential Intensit Extent Duration Significance Description Environmental y Impact Intensity: some pieces of land area could be lost due to quarry sites and expansion of ROW. However, recovery landscaping and/or convert into fish pond are practiced and likely acceptable Loss of land 1 1 3 1 by villagers. If consensus is reached by this reciprocal, it would low disturbance.

Extent: site specific

Duration:permanent

Accident (due to use Intensity: low risk since low of careless vehicles traffic and local is quite aware of and equipment use, the accident. Construction rules busy traffic or of conduct are in placeand congestion, workers are aware of. inappropriate 1 2 3 Low construction material Extent:Entire road, camp and stock piling, dust, no quarry site use of warning sign and no use of safety Duration: long term since local equipment etc) will use road for long term

Intensity: every day although watering dust is in place while low risk for exposure to other emissions Health risk due to 2 1 1 Medium dust and emissions Extent: entire road

Duration: long term since road will be used for long term Intensity: it is about medium however it is temporary except dust may last for long since it is Local disturbance soil packed road. (traffic, noise, dust 2 1 1 Low etc) Extent: entire road

Duration: long term

1) Loss of parcel of land

As described in the matrix,quarry site and overall construction resulted in loss of some land area due to quarry sites are mostly on the village land. Some of farmers expanded their cultivation land close to ROW. While recovery landscaping and/or convert into fish pond were practiced and acceptable in the villages. So the impacts can beminor.

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However, there is a need to ensure road construction is only limited to ROW and quarry areas approved by land owners and authorities. In addition, there may need a monitoring of impacted orchards andcompensation may need if monitoring found necessary.

2) Risk due to workplace accidents

The accident can be occurred with workers, villagers and other and users. The accident with these groups can be due to use of careless vehicles and equipment use, busy traffic or congestion, inappropriate construction material stock piling, dust, no use of warning sign and no use of safety equipment etc.The accident can be happened especially during construction and quarry; windy, dusty and raining; busy traffic or congestion; transportation and stock piling construction materials. However, these risks can be reduced or avoided. Key mitigation measures are defined in the following table.

3) Health risk due to pollution emissions

During construction, at the micro-level and temporary only, air quality may be degraded by generation of dust (SPM) and generation of polluting gases including SO2, NOX and HC (hydrocarbons) for short periods from vehicular movements, site clearance, earth filling and material loading and unloading. However, impact is minimal and manageable or reducible for instance by (i) regular check-up and maintenance of construction equipment; (ii) vehicles delivering loose and fine materials should be covered to reduce spills; (iii) disposal of solid and dangerous materials properly; (iv) train and ensure working safety, and (v) water the road regularly.Key mitigation measures are defined in the following table.

4) Disturbance of local living

The disturbance can be occurred to especially four villages that situate on the road or passed by roadand particularly during construction.The disturbance usually are caused by busier traffic, dust, mud, improper stocking construction materials, noise, vibration, quarry and other construction works.

However, these are temporary or short term impact and can be addressed by training of workers on the workplace safety, provide and use of safety equipments, create detour and installation of warning and or instruction signage,properly stocking construction materials, maintain vehicles and equipments, careful planning of machinery operation and the scheduling operations properly, provision information for local people and watering the road to reduce dust properly or not too much. Key mitigation measures are defined in the following table.

5.3.3 Environmental Problems during Operation

The key potential negative impacts are increase of emissions and accident due to increase of traffic volume, land and resettlement due to easy access. However, such impacts are not significant and there more positive more than negative impacts.

Traffic flow may increase due to improved economic activities associated with better access but such increase is expected to be moderate since main vehicles will be tractors and light vehicles. The impacts such as emissions and accident are also likely minor.

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The impacts on land use and settlement patterns are anticipated limited. Improved access will inevitably lead to increased in and out migration, but this is likely to occur gradually and over a prolonged period. There will be time for new residential areas to be established. There may, however, be a need to control ribbon development and increase awareness about safety drive.

Figure 30: Road Area Situation

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CHAPTER 6: MITIGATION MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

6.1. Mitigation Measures and Environmental Management and Monitoring Program Environmental mitigation measures were included in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) which defined key activities that are likely to cause negative impactsduring pre-construction, construction and operation phase; mitigation measures and framework to address such anticipated impacts.

Since the key areas of concerned are impacts that may results from three main types of subprojects namely 1) small livestock and agricultural development;2) irrigation development and 3) access road development;therefore, three types of EMMPs were proposed for those types of subprojects, Annex 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In addition, organizational arrangement for implementation of EMMP and grievance mechanism can be referred and/or translated from to what have been described in the section 6.2 below.

However, to put theEMMP into practice, it is necessary to develop action plan which defines clearly how to, organizational structures and responsibilities, schedule and budget for implementation of the environmental management and monitoring activities in each phase of project. The detail of action plan will be developed once this IEE report is approved.

6.2. Institutional Arrangement forImplementation of EMMP

The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) is the Executing Agency (EA). Within its Department of Planning (DOP), there is Project Coordination Office (PCO). The PCO is responsible for day-to-day management of the Project. The Provincial Project Office (PPO) which was established within the governors’ office in the Province is responsible for day-to-day management of the Project in the province or field. The Project Steering Committee (PSC) which composed of relevant local agencies such as Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO), Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Extension Services (PAFES), Department of Public Works and Transport (DPWT), Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) is overall oversee implementation of the project including IEE and EMMP. Within PPO, a staff in the PAFO staff was assigned to responsible for support/coordinatingimplementation of EMMP with coordination with DONRE and DAFO staff charges of environment and reporting to the PPO and then PPO to PCO, DoNRE and the Steering Committee. At district level, A District Agriculture and Forestry (DAFO) staff who in charge of environment implement and reporting the EMMP to PPO with coordination with DoNRE, district natural resources and environment office (NREO) and irrigation constructor.

6.3. Grievance and Redness Mechanism

The grievance and redness mechanism is important tool to handle with complaints and disputes. The grievance and redness mechanism for the project mainly follow the dispute settlement principles and procedures defined in the Prime Minister’s Decree on Environmental Impact Assessment Decree 2010 and Compensation and Resettlement of People Affected by Development Projects 2009 and executed by DAFO/PAFO and under supervision of PCO and EA.

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Overall, the dispute settlement recommended and agreed by stakeholders for this subproject is step by step approach: 1) pier to pier dispute settling or handling; 2) solved at village level, mediated or arbitrated by village authority; 3) solved at district level, mediated or arbitrated by district authority particularly the environmental management and monitoring authority and 4) or arbitrated by higher level and so on. This means the disputes, conflicts and complaints or problems should be addressed at early stage and as early and as much as possible. Otherwise, it can be brought to solve at higher leveland by third parties such as Economic Dispute Arbitration Organizations or even people court to adjudicate if consensus or even a compromised agreement cannot be reached.

However, in any cases, step by step approach including consultation, negotiation and compromise should be the priority dispute settlement approach and channel.The dispute settlement proposal should be in writring and prepared in consultation with and agreed by village authorities. The proposal in words is also possible especiallyduring consultation meeting on IEE and project or IEE and project implementation. In most cases, all relevant evident, references should be recorded and annexed to the proposal. However, proposed through one channel or direct to the project committee-dispute settling committee or coordination points at village, district level etc respectively should be promoted although proposal could be made via national assembly and other organizations.

The project committee-dispute settling committee, PCO or coordination points at village, district level etc should have both urgent and regular dispute settling mechanism. The urgent dispute settling mechanism could be an urgent consultation meeting and direct negotiation with disputes proposed body to address the urgent issues immediately or timely manner. Or otherwise, address the issues by using monthly and quarterly meeting as platform for sorting out the disputes. Results of the dispute solving should be communicated with concerned people or bodies efficiently and timely manner.

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CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

The consultation and information disclosure are specifically stipulated in the Decree on Public Involvement 2012, Decree No. 112 on EIA 2010 and Decree No. 192 on Resettlement and Compensation 2009. The public consultation and information closure about the project and IEEor environmental safeguardsfor this project were conducted during feasibility study, IEE process namely:environmental screening, IEE preparation and finalization. In addition, it should be continued on regular basis through projectconstruction, operation and closure phrases and at various levels (village, district and provincial level) and forms. However, this IEE report focused on the consultation and information disclosure in the IEE processes.

The consultation and information disclosure in the IEE processes were conducted mainly during data collection and validation,IEE draft report and IEE report finalization stage.

The data collection and validation is an initial stage of IEE, which aims to understand socioeconomic, environmental baseline information and environmental impact or changeswhich may resulted from the subprojects including village level consultation. The activities conducted in this stage included visit subproject location, re-check and discussion with key stakeholders on the socioeconomic and environmental baseline information described in the Feasibility Report;key activities and its potential impactsincluding magnitudes.The visits to some key subprojects are on January 7-12th, 2013; February 19-25th, 2013, March 4-6th,2013and outcomes were briefed in the Table 34 below while met stakeholders from districts and villages were included in the Annex 5.

Table 33: Site visit to key activities during January, February and March 2013

No Subproject visited Summary of the outcomes or findings 1 SVK/COM/10: Livestock is the key source of income of the targeted villages though Promotion of service it is small or household scale which livestock pens are located in the providers for the residential plots of lands of each household in community rather than commercial separate farm area.Livestock especially pigs are mainly kept in pens production of Native while other livestock are mixed pen system and free-grazing. Overall, Chickes, Ducks in base on the scale and system of livestock rearing, it can be predicted Savanakhet that there will be no major concerns on the environmental impacts. province However, once the farmers get supported by the subproject to expand their production, some environmental issues such as unpleasant odor, noise, unhygienic environment and expose to animal disease outbreak need to be taken into account. So, it was suggested that mitigation measures which may include regular cleaning and removal or use waste or produce manure fertilizer, apply Effective Microorganisms (EM)-where possible and provide knowledge and information about livestock disease prevention should be considered for the up-scaling the production. 2 SAL/COM/01: Most of the villages in the SAL COM1 live along Sedone River and Integrated Organic mainly growing rice for earning a living. Fishing in Sedone River is Rice Based Farming only sometimes now due to declining of fishes and aquatics. Electric for the pump irrigation systems which pump water from support dry season commercialization of rice growing Sedone River were installed and been used since

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organic rice 1990s.Most irrigation schemes consist of irrigation head which are cultivation in Khong made up of concrete and canals which are mainly earth canal. Forest Sedone district, along the River bank and in the villages are limited and land is mainly Salavanh Province used for resident, rice paddy and home garden. The proposed irrigation under this subproject is to rehabilitate and expand concrete canal to increase farm area especially in dry season. Based on the observation of the existing environment and proposed activities, it can be predicted that there will notbe major environmental impacts resulted from the activities. However, there are other concerns such cost of eclectic pump which as high as 600,000 LAK per ha per producer. In addition, there could be some risks and conflicts required to be monitored. 1) Risk due to open irrigation concrete canal (kids like to play in the area and water in the canal which is risky to fall on and hurt). 2) Conflicts due to extension of canal while line along with home gardens and paddy field; 3) conflict related to water use (end canal rice paddy may gain less water or water would not be reached especially during dry season. 3 SAL/COM/04: There are about 9 villages along the existing soil-packed road which Integrated will upgraded by this subproject. Main activities in this area are Commercial growing and commercializing sweet potato, banana, maize, orchards. Cultivation of Sweet Rice paddy is limited. Forest and wildlife are limited in the area. There Potato, Peanut and is a small river in the area but quite far from the road. Road traffic is Banana in Lao quite low now but it would increase remarkably because of new road Ngyam district, and increase trucks to load the production.So, construction of road Salavanh Province (graveled road around 15km) is expected to cause some the environmental impacts and concerns such as 1) health risks due to dust; 2) increase traffic and may accompany with accident and 3) cost to maintain the road. In this regard, It was suggested that road should be watered regularly (1) at least road area in from of each household and (2) entire road by whole village watering scheme- rotation). In order to reduce accident; put a warning signs (slow down, community area, people pass the road etc) and also educate kids not to play on the road. Maintaining the road remains challenge since it involves with high cost and mush depends on government support. However, basically villagers support the road maintenance model which set by the government (30% by villagers versus 70% government). SAL/PR/01: Bong Bong Tree caught in the trend and could be important option for wood planting in income generation, replacing shifting cultivation and reduce collection commercial & of Bong Tree’s barks from natural forest that being practiced by Improving farmer targeted villages. Proposed Bong Tree plantation that will be livelihood in the promoted by this subproject are 1-3 ha per household up to 150-200 focus Kumban, ha for whole targeted villages. The plantation is planned to locate at Samouay & Taoy the existing shifting cultivation land and no chemical fertilizer is district, Salavanh intended to be used. Demand for Bong Tree bark is rather high and province good price (5-6,000 LAK/Kg of dry bark). However, only environmental concern is the expansion of the plantation and or expansion of upland rice to forest area especially during first 1-2 yearswhen Bong Tree have not yielded the barks or income from Bong Tree are not generated yet (to buy rice). So, alternative income earning is recommended. In addition, close monitoring is needed to ensure that forest is not converted for upland rice and or Bong Tree. 4 SAL/PR/03: Like other targeted villages that under this SNMPE project, the

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Promotion of service targeted villages, livestock is a means of income earning and providers for the livestock keeping is traditional way and mainly for consumption with commercial Pig, basic trading. So, base on the findings, there will not be major Poultries and Fish environmental impacts apart from unpleasant odor and health risk Raising in 6 Kumb due to unhygienic circumstances which resulted from livestock waste Ban of Salavanh and waste water. However, basic livestock waste and waste water district of Salavanh management are in place such as direct use of manure to crops province growing or fish feeding, produce manure fertilizer. SAL/NRM/01 The situation is quite similar to the SAL/PR/01 which one of the most Integrated Forest concern is forest encroachment. Alternative income generation is also Conservation by recommended during first 2 years. In addition, close monitoring is reducing the slash needed as well. and burn in Tumlan, Ta Oy and Samouay district, Salavanh Province 5 CPA/COM/10: The mission found that, because of location of livestock centers and Promotion of service pens are close to communities, some impacts or risks like livestock providers for the activities elsewhere such as unpleasant odor, health risk due to commercial Pig in unhygienic circumstances and noise are anticipated. Although Champasak impacts are unlikely to be significant but mitigation and monitoring are province needed. CPA/PR/01 The subproject promotes agriculture development by mainly enhance Integrated Rice the productivity of existing farming. So, no major environmental based farming impact. However, the key concerns to be taken into account are system for food allocation and certificate of 100ha of land for the production; and security in Bachieng some impacts caused by irrigation such as water use conflict and district, Champasak irrigation maintenance. Province 6 SEK/COM/04: The site visit revealed that the livestock business is relatively small Promotion of service scale. Because of farmers located livestock pens close to houses and providers for the community; unpleasant odor and unhygienic circumstances are commercial Pig, concerned people surrounding.Although it would not cause major Poultries, Goat and troublebut mitigation measures are needed to avoid and reduce such Fish Raising in 4 foreseen nuisance. Kumb Ban of Thateng district of Sekong province SVK/COM/05: Like other subproject and activities; this subproject just enhances the Promotion of existing production system which is unlikely to cause major changes Integrated Rice and adverse environmental impacts. However, it needs monitoring Based Farming the impact or conflicts that may arise from the irrigation scheme System in DIDM development, increase utilization of fertilizers and soil nutrients once Irrigated area Laha the farming is expanded or more intensive.In addition, expansion of Nam-1 and Laha maize cultivation which may cause land use conflict. Nam-2 irrigation scheme in Songkhone district of Savannakhet Province

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The consultation and information disclosure with district and also village authoritiesduring preparation of the IEE was taken place during January 26-30th, 2014. The mission included consultation and soliciting feedback and concerns from key stakeholders and site visits. Table 35 briefed on the site visits and findings and participants in the visit and discussion are as in the Annex 5.

Table 34: Site visit for validation of impacts and stakeholders consultationJanuary 26- 30th, 2014

No Date Subproject 1 January SVK/COM/10: Overall, no major environmental impacts are anticipated. 27th, Promotion of service However, there could be some risks such as animal 2014 providers for the waste and waste water include unpleasant odor and commercial unhygienic circumstances which could results in health production of Native risk. Mitigation measures suggested included regular Chickes, Ducks in cleaning and efficient use or removal of waste (produce Savanakhet manure fertilizer for home garden, rice growing, orchards province and also sell to other producers). In addition, promote use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) to reduce the odor and for waste water treatment. 2 January SAL/COM/01: In general, there are only some environmental impacts to 28th, Integrated Organic be addressed such as impact on property and home 2014 Rice Based Farming garden due to expansion of irrigation canal and risk due for the to open canal. However, there was also other concern commercialization of such impact on irrigation due to flood apart from cost of organic rice eclectic pump. This is quite challenge since the irrigation cultivation in Khong design and construction have incorporated flood resilient Sedone district, techniques which was unforeseen. However, it was Salavanh Province suggested that close monitoring is needed during flood season. In addition, use of sand packs to support the irrigation canal firmly could reduce the canal damage. And for long term there irrigation development should incorporate climate resilient infrastructure techniques. 3 January SAL/COM/04: The site visit found that in general there is no major 29th, Integrated concerns on the environmental impacts by villagers and 2014 Commercial district stakeholders and no major impact are anticipated. Cultivation of Sweet However, dust is confirmed to be the issue. In addition, Potato, Peanut and part from issues anticipated during first visit, the reduction Banana in Lao of soil nutrient is likely to be other issue since the land Ngyam district use will be more intensive once road access is easy and farmers increase large production to respond to (sweet potato, banana, peanut etc) demand. 4 January CPA/COM/10: Overall, although there will not be major concerns on the 29th, Promotion of service environmental impacts but unpleasant odor and 2014 providers for the unhygienic circumstances are needed to be addressed. commercial Pig in In addition, traditional manure management such as Champasak direct use of manure to crops growing or rice husk to province produce manure fertilizer, use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) should be enhanced. Biogas should be sought and applied where feasible. 5 January SEK/COM/04: The issues found and mitigation measures suggested are 30th, Promotion of service mainly similar to other livestock promotion

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2014 providers for the subprojects.But the issues seem less serious for the commercial Pig, subproject and effective monitoring could be sufficient. Poultries, Goat and Fish Raising in 4 Kumb Ban of Thateng district of Sekong province

Furthermore, the consultation and information disclosure will also be pursued during consultation meetings prior to approval of the IEE and post IEE approval.

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CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

10 Environmental Category B out of 70 subproject of the Sustainable Natural Resources Management and Productivity Enhancement Project (SNRMPEP), which promote commercialization of agricultural production, natural resources management and poverty reduction, can be classified as three subsectors or project types namely livestock and agriculture development, irrigation and road. The impacts of these10 Environmental Category B subprojects were identified and assessed through desk review, field works, stakeholder consultation and consensus and by using impact identification and assessment matrix and quality assessment to help judging the significance of the impacts. The assessment covers three aspects (physical, biological and social environment) and project phases (pre-, during and post construction). The mitigation measures for addressing the identified impacts were identified and presented in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) matrix. In addition, institutional arrangement grievance mechanisms were also recommended to enhance the implementation of EMMP. Although the IEE found that 10 category B subprojects are unlikely to cause major or significantenvironmental impacts; to ensure theimpacts are minimized to the possible extend and in appropriate ways,the EMMP may need to be translated in details or fit in to some specific context and effectively implemented.

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ANNEX 1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN OF LIVESTOCK INTERVENTION SUBPROJECTS

Key Activities Potential Impacts and/or Location Mitigation and/or Enhancement Monitoring Responsible (Likely to cause Risk Measures Institution negative impacts) Design and Location Survey and design There is no or limited direct Entire Consultation with stakeholders to select Entire subproject PCO/PPO/ including improvement impact. However, change in project appropriate location, design with minimal design including Consultant options of subproject subproject’s design area negative impacts. activities, location and activities and location especially activities and mode of location options and scales Range of criteria shall be used for location implementation may result in changing the and design assessment and selection. scope or scale of environmental impacts Preparation of subproject There is no direct impact. Entire Incorporation of all mitigation measures Incorporation of all PCO/PPO/ detailed design and However, exclusion of project into the subproject detailed design as well mitigation measures Procurement bidding environmental management area as contract/bidding and also into the subproject officer/Consultant and mitigation measures implementation detailed design as well during contracting and as contract/bidding and construction may lead to also implementation increase impact scale and significance Construction Phase Component 1: Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP) Establish 1 pig breeding There is no major impact. Target - Consultation with stakeholders to - A monitoring of PCO/PPO/ center (2,000 piglets per However, selection and villagers select appropriate sites (develop and environmentally DONRE/ village year), 2 fish hatcheries (2 location of livestock and use a set of environmentally and and technically authority/ million fish fingerlings per facilities in inappropriate households technically criteria or conditions for criteria used for Consultant year), 1 duckling site (e.g. community areas, selection of livestock producing centers selection of production center (40,000 close to river etc) may and pens location as well as service suitable livestock ducklings per year), 1 cause unpleasant odour, providers location as well as native chick production unhygienic environment - Monitoring environmental performance service providers center (40,000 chicks per and other health impact and of the service providers - A quarterly year), 1 meat processing disturbance. - No direct discharge to environment and monitoring of center or modern support improvement the waste implementation od

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IEE SNRMPEP FINAL DRAFT

Key Activities Potential Impacts and/or Location Mitigation and/or Enhancement Monitoring Responsible (Likely to cause Risk Measures Institution negative impacts) slaughter house and 1 management facilities. mitigation feed production center to - Promote biogas where feasible. measures produce pig feed, fish and - The monitoring can poultry feed. be conducted separately or at anytime PPOs/DAFOs conduct field work or assessment Support establishment of Land use conflicts Entire Consultation with provincial DONRE, - A monitoring of PPOs in 100 ha maize production associates with land villages DAFO/PAFO and villagers to identify land allocation and collaboration with with the use of allocation or expansion for appropriate land area or follow existing process and A Provincial intercropping for animal maize production. land use plan for maize production. quarterly DONRE and feed monitoring of land Department of use conflicts Forestry-PAFO Selection and location of Maize farm - Consultation with stakeholders to - Environmentally PCO/PPO/ inappropriate site (e.g. area select appropriate sites and align with and technically DONRE/ village forest areas, cultural or land use plan (develop and use a set of criteria used for authority/ spiritual site, unstable areas environmentally and technically criteria selection of Consultant etc) may result significant or conditions for selection of suitable suitable maize environmental and social area e.g. existing farm land, avoid location as well as impacts. expansion on to forest areas including producer groups engagement with producer group that - Suitability of the encroach forest for cultivation selected maize expansion) location as well as producer groups Increase chemical uses and Maize farm - Follow the farming including best - An annual PCO/PPO/ soil degradation or area agriculture practice technical guidelines monitoring of DONRE/ village ineffectiveness of the chemical uses and authority/ integrated cropping system soil degradation or Consultant ineffectiveness of the integrated cropping system Operation Phase

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Key Activities Potential Impacts and/or Location Mitigation and/or Enhancement Monitoring Responsible (Likely to cause Risk Measures Institution negative impacts) Component 1: Support to Business Support Service Providers (BSSP) Establish 1 pig breeding Livestock Waste and - Hygiene and environmental health will - An semi-annual center (2,000 piglets per Outbreak be included in training to improve monitoring of PCO/PPO/ year), 2 fish hatcheries (2 - Increased and management practices and enhance disease DAFO/Consultant million fish fingerlings per appropriate use of environmental benefits outbreak/reduction year), 1 duckling manure could reduce - Implement other measures defined in and waste disposal production center (40,000 risks thecontractor contract ducklings per year), 1 native chick production - Appropriate maintenance center (40,000 chicks per of livestock (e.g., year), 1 meat processing housing and animal center or modern welfare, waste) could slaughter house and 1 reduce waste and animal feed production center to and human diseases and produce pig feed, fish and nuisance due to odor poultry feed. Hygiene and - - Introducing the guideline for disease - Provided trainings PCO/PPO/ Environmental Health control or regulation of ill livestock and information DAFO/Consultant - Disease control through trading (quarterly monitor) vaccination will improve - Provide training and information about - Vaccination (semi- the animal health and hygiene practices, safety livestock annual) prevents outbreak keeping/handling including risk due to - Cleaning and use of - If vaccination of large exposure or contagious diseases safety equipments number of animal is - Regular monitoring and vaccination (quarterly or anytime needed, inappropriate - Implement measures above (regular of field visit) disposal of vaccination cleaning, promote appropriate use of - Hygiene (quarterly pose some negative manures etc) or anytime of field impacts - Provide or ensure supply and use visit) safety equipments - Unpleasant odor - - Provide training and information of new A quarterly or anytime PCO/PPO/ generated from manures techniques about odor elimination (e.g. of field visit monitoring DAFO/DONRE, and waste water (due to development and application of BM, of: Consultant increase production, use of manure for producing fertilizer, - Odor and odor aged waste water design of the waste water management storage, treatment storage/treatment facilities - Villagers’ feedback facilities and shortage of - Regular cleaning (e.g. every day) and or petition (about

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IEE SNRMPEP FINAL DRAFT

Key Activities Potential Impacts and/or Location Mitigation and/or Enhancement Monitoring Responsible (Likely to cause Risk Measures Institution negative impacts) labor) removal of the manure to appropriate odor) area, use for farming or sell to other producers/farms - Promote use including commercialization of manure including waste water to produce gas through biogas digester or - Enhance the traditional manure producing technique/ practice where appropriate (e.g. use of rice husk to mix and ferment with waste water and manure to produce manure fertilizer) including increase labor - Promote and/or support improvement of the water storage/treatment facilities Support establishment of Land use conflicts - Consultation with provincial DONRE, Negative impacts or PPOs in 100 ha maize production associates with land DAFO/PAFO and villagers to identify conflicts due to land collaboration with with the use of allocation or expansion for appropriate land area or follow existing use change (A Provincial intercropping for animal maize production. land use plan for maize production. quarterly monitoring or DONRE and feed - Set up and apply appropriate redness as part of the routine Department of and grievance mechanism work of Forestry-PAFO project/DAFO/PPO)

Increase or otherwise - Consultation with provincial DONRE, - Change in the PPOs in stabilization in DAFO/PAFO and villagers to identify trend in shifting collaboration with encroachment of forest or appropriate land area or follow existing cultivation will be Provincial shifting cultivation (due to land use plan for maize production. monitored through DONRE and increased income, labor - Avoid engagement with producers who collaborating with Department of generated from feed and encroach forest for expansion of the the department of Forestry-PAFO livestock production) maize area or ensure the selection of forestry to monitor suitable producer groups to participate the trend once a in the project year (A quarterly monitoring or at anytime of field visit) - A monitoring of

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Key Activities Potential Impacts and/or Location Mitigation and/or Enhancement Monitoring Responsible (Likely to cause Risk Measures Institution negative impacts) selection of suitable producer groups to participate in the project

UXO Risks - Government clearance will be sought A quarterly monitoring PPO, PCO and - The existing land being prior to implementation or at anytime of field UXO authority used for communal or - Consultation with provincial UXO visit or during accident other productive authority and villagers to identify activities will be appropriate land area or follow existing converted to forage and land use plan for maize production. livestock production. Thus, very minor UXO risk is expected. Soil, Water Degradation - Through training, appropriate handling - An or semi-annual PPO, PCO in and Health Risk and application of manure to land will monitoring of collaboration with - A risk of declining be promoted capacity building Provincial nutrients in the soil due - Improve soil fertility and discourage - An annual soil and DONRE to continual and long- use of chemical fertilizer water quality and Department term maize production - Reduce soil and water degradation by monitoring will be of Health or including erosion promoted integrated cropping and conducted through - Potential soil, water application of nitrogen fixation crops (i) visual inspection contamination and health by project and impacts due to overuse DONRE; (ii) of manure and/or annual soil and inappropriate handling of water quality manure sampling if deems necessary; and (iii) health (of targeted groups)

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ANNEX 2: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE KONGSEDONE IRRIGATION INTERVENTION SUBPROJECT: SAL/COM/01

Intervention Responsible Potential Impacts Location Mitigation Measures Monitoring Stage/Activity party Preliminary Planning and Design Stage Survey and There is no or limited Entire Select best design option and A monitoring of widening or PCO/PPO/ improvement options impact. However, major subproject alignments (e.g. existing alignment) expansion on to agricultural Design of subproject irrigation concern is the changes in length which is avoidable widening or land, other properties and Engineer/ scheme design and/or location of expansion on to agricultural land, fragile area during selecting Consultant the irrigation especially other properties and fragile area options during the detailed design which may require adjustment of the scope and scale of impacts Preparation of There is no or limited - Revisit and adjust the IEE in A monitoring of incorporation PCO/PPO/ subproject detailed impact. However, major accordance with the final detail of revised measures in the Design design and bidding concern is that design approved to ensure that all final detailed design, Engineer/ environmental mitigation measures are contract bidding documents Consultant management and incorporated into the final detailed including contractors’ mitigation measures are design and contract bidding contracts not adjusted and documents including contractors’ incorporated in the final contracts detailed design, bidding or prior to construction Construction Stage Re- embankment (of - Disposal of silts or Along the - Disposal of silts or cut soil onto A quarterly or at anytime or PCO/PPO/ canal) and cut soil or canal bank irrigation appropriate areas or for pack in routines of PCO/PPO/ Contractor construction of the erosion onto the scheme, and the canal and avoid disposal Contractor conducting concrete canals paddy and home especially which cause impact on the rice monitoring of disposal of garden or along the rice paddy and home garden silts, erosion and its inappropriate area paddy and - Ensure the quality of associated impacts including nearby home garden embanking work, and use of bio in place mitigation measures engineering techniques (grass) to maintain or cover to stabilize canal slope. - Accident due to Along the - Inform and educate the A semi-annual or at anytime

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Intervention Responsible Potential Impacts Location Mitigation Measures Monitoring Stage/Activity party uncover canal irrigation villagers about the risk or of field work monitoring of scheme, and danger about uncover canal awareness activities and especially (e.g. fall and hurt into the canal) accidents including made deep and - Cover the canal with local solutions. close or pass materials where appropriate or by village high risk (fall and hurt) canal Disturbance of cultivation Entire irrigation Inform the villagers construction A semi-annual or at anytime Contractor, scheme period and avoid during cultivation of field work monitoring of PCO/PPO period the disturbance, feedback and implemented measures Unexpected Destruction of Entire irrigation - Avoid construction during rainy A few monitoring during Contractor, environmental constructing irrigation scheme season and flooding period raining seasons or at PCO/PPO problems/calamities canal/scheme - Ensure quality of the anytime of field work (floods) during construction monitoring of flood risk and construction activities - Where possible/appropriate, damages and solution incorporate flood resilient measures. techniques - Undertake appropriate and immediate remedial actions in coordination with relevant government and local agencies. Implementation of Inadequacy of Entire irrigation Strictly following and implement the A semi-annual EMMP PCO/PPO/ ADB EMP during environmental scheme EMP measures mentioned in the implementation assessment /Contractor construction. management measures contract documents or adopt or deviation from the suitable measures with consultation EMP measures with relevant organizations mentioned in the contract documents or during construction. Operation Stage Water use/allocation Water use/allocation Entire irrigation Maintain effective water use A quarterly or at anytime of Water use conflict scheme mechanism field work monitoring of group water use and conflicts or feedback from local

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Intervention Responsible Potential Impacts Location Mitigation Measures Monitoring Stage/Activity party Increased use of Increased use of Entire irrigated - Awareness raising to enforce An annual or at anytime of Provincial agricultural chemicals agricultural chemicals areas and promote IPM and the field work monitoring of on Department of (insecticide and existing environmental chemical uses and Irrigation/ fertilizers) and guidelines on application and impacts/risks Producer group consequent pollution of control of fertilizer and PAFES groundwater and rivers pesticides developed by due to increased intensity Department of Agriculture. of irrigation. - Train and promote application of green manure and herbicide

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ANNEX 3: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE LAO NGAM ROAD INTERVENTIONSUBPROJECT: SAL/COM/04

Intervention Responsible Potential Impacts Location Mitigation Measures Monitoring Stage/Activity party 1. Preliminary Planning and Design Stage 1.1 Improvement Location on agricultural land, Entire road Avoid widening on to A monitoring of PCO/PPO/ options of road dense forests, wildlife habitat, length agricultural land, dense road options, Design Engineer/ unstable sites and religious/ forests, wildlife habitat and impacts and Consultant cultural sites. unstable sites. Also avoid mitigation Change in improvement options widening into religious/cultural measures determined during the detailed sites. design stage, which may result Undertake additional in changing the scope or scale environment studies for new of environmental impacts alignments (if required). predicted in the IEE. 1.2 Location of Location in un approved areas, Quarry sites Only government or local An monitoring of PCO/PPO/ quarry sites and forest areas,or unstable or authority approved quarry selected quarry /Supervision borrow pits village areas sites should be used. sites Consultant

1.3 Preparation of Exclusion of environmental Incorporation of all mitigation See the monitoring PCO/PPO/ a detailed design management and mitigation measures into the detailed during construction Design Engineer/ and contract measures during construction design and contract bidding and operation Consultant including bidding documents phase 1.4 Removal of Loss of livelihood and Locations Compensation for loss of - Regular PCO/PPO encroachment structures. where structures should be provided monitoring of the /Supervision /structures along resettlement and affected persons should impact and Engineer/ the road. required be rehabilitated as per the solutions Consultant provisions of resettlement - Quarterly or at plan. anytime of field visit monitoring of affected people livelihood and feedback

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2. Construction Stage 2.1 Removal of Change in micro level Entire length Removal of only necessary A quarterly or at Contractor/Forest tress and habitat/environnent. Soil with vegetation. Re-vegetation of anytime of field Department/ vegetation erosion, scarring of landscape. vegetation. the space available on left and visit/routine PCO/PPO right boundary of the road with monitoring of tress (DPWT) suitable soil conserving plants and vegetation and immediately after earth implementation of removal activities. measures Removal of trees should be avoided and/or compensated in consultation with the PAFO 2.2 Quarry, Dust pollution for construction Stone Water sprinkling of stone A semi-annual Contractor/ crushing of stone labourers and local vegetation. crushing crushing site. Proper coverage monitoring of PCO/PPO and transport of Air pollution from machinery and sites and of vehicle transporting stone quarry and (DPWT)/ stone and vehicle exhaust. Noise pollution road and material. Regular pollutions, health /Department of materials. and disturbance to nearby construction maintenance of machinery and impacts or Geology and wildlife. vehicles. feedback from Mining Stone crushers should be surrounding located away from settlements communities and forest stretches. 2.3 Cutting of hill Soil erosion and landslides. Hilly section Use of cut and fill method. A semi-annual or at Contractor / slope and earth Scarring of landscape due to along the Disposal of debris at proper anytime of field PCO/PPO removal from improper disposal of debris. road, and disposal site. Use of bio visit monitoring of (DPWT) borrow areas Dust pollution. Disruption of location engineering techniques to erosion and local drainage. Siltation in near rivers maintain stability of slope prevention nearby water river bodies and or streams above and below ROW. Avoid measures hence negative effects on placing hairpin bends very aquatic ecology. close to each other as it enhances erosion. Proper re- vegetation of borrow areas. Provision of appropriate drainage structures/facilities. 2.4 Operation of Spillage/leakage of chemicals Construction Proper storage and handling A annual or at Contractor / machinery and and oil and contamination of soil site of chemicals and oil. Provision anytime of field PCO/PPO equipment and and water resources. Injury to of adequate facilities such as visit monitoring of (DPWT) general activities of labourers. Respiratory problems construction hats, facemasks, waste handling and

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labourers from dust and machinery earplugs, gloves etc. Provision pollutions including emissions. Hearing problem due of well equipped First Aid Kit impacts and to high level of noise. Traffic and health facilities. enforced measures delays and congestion. Preparation of traffic control plans, proper maintenance of road surface to allow smooth flow of traffic. 2.5 Unexpected Destruction of constructed road Construction Undertake appropriate A semi-annual or Contractor/PCO/ environmental and road furniture, injuries, loss camp and remedial actions in during raining PPO/ problems/calamitie of lives and property, sites coordination with relevant seasons monitoring DPWT (egg. flash floods) government and local of such events, during construction agencies. measures and activities readiness. 3. Operation Stage 3.1 Movement of Air pollution from emissions. Along the Periodic cleaning of drains. A semi-annual or at Contractor/PCO/ vehicles Noise and vibrations causing road anytime of field PPO/DPWT disturbance to residents and visit monitoring of /villagers wildlife. Contamination of soil pollutions, health and water resources due to poor impacts or drainage. feedback

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ANNEX 4: LIST OF KEY PARTICIPANTS OR CONTRIBUTORS IN IEE REPORT DEVELOPMENT

1. Central level

No Name Position Remarks 1 Mr.Vinoth Vansy National Project Director 2 Dr. Kulwant SINGH Project Team Leader 3 Dr. Sengkum Deputy Team Leader 4 Dr. Boundeth National Project Assistant 5 Mr. Buageun Khansabaph Procurement Specialist 6 Ms. Sisavanh Phanouvong, Senior Project Officer, ADB LRM

2. Provincial, district and villager level

No Name Position Organization Remarks I Savannakhet province 1 Olavanh PPD Savannakhet PPO SAMARTHMANIVONG 2 Ms. Xaysavath Technician, Savannakhet PPO safeguard official 3 Mr. Phaysanh Technician, Savannakhet PPO safeguard official 4 Ms. Chanthala Chansima Technician, Savannakhet, safeguard official DONRE 5 Mr. Phouthone Vethtavong Subproject Savannakhet PPO coordinator 6 Mr. Vixay Pig producer/ Private sector supplier 7 Mr. Aek Pig producer/ Private sector supplier 8 Mr. Vieng Manivong Village member, Phonesim village, pig keeper Kaisonephomevihan h Disitrict 9 DPPO Attapeu DONRE 10 Technical staff Attapeu DONRE II Salavanh province 1 Sonemany DOUANGVILAY PPD Salavanh PPO 2 Khampeu PHAPHOUGEUN Provincial Land- Salavanh PPO Use Planning Specialist 3 Mr. Somechan Technician DAFO of Keomanivong Kongseone, Salavanh 4 Mr. Khamsavai DAFO of Keovongsack Kongseone, Salavanh 5 Mr. Kongchai Kongheungsy Villager member Khamthong Village, Kongsedone District 6 Mr. Samly Villager member Khamthong Village Kongsedone District 7 Mr. Bounchan Villager member Khamthong Village, Kongsedone District 8 Mr. Sing Villager member Khamthong Village, Kongsedone District 9 Mr. Lom Deputy head of Khamthong Village,

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village Kongsedone District 10 Mr. Bounpone Villager member Beungkang Village, Kongsedone District 11 Mr. Khamdy Villager member Beungkang Village, Kongsedone District 12 Mr.Hinphet Villager member Beungkang Village, Kongsedone District 13 Mr. Khaenchai Head of village Ngew village, Lao Ngam District 14 Mr. Dan Head of village Ngew village, Lao Ngam District 15 Ms. Koukeo Head of women Ngew village, Lao union Ngam District 16 Mr. Khamveung Villager member Ngew village, Lao Ngam District 17 Mr. Singchalot Villager member Ngew village, Lao Ngam District 18 Mr. La Villager member Ngew village, Lao Ngam District 19 DPPO Attapeu DONRE 20 Technical staff Attapeu DONRE III Champasak province 1 Bounheng AMPHAVANH PPD Champasak PPO 2 Livestock and Pakse district fishery technical center 3 Ggoat rearing Kahe Village center

4 Mr. Bounchanh Fish hatchery owner 5 Mr. Somphoung Fish hatchery Kang village, Pakse owner district 6 Mrs. Mekohum Pig farm owner Khae village

7 Mr. Dang Pig farm owner Khae village 8 Mrs. Maikenthong Pig farm owner Huein Teng village

9 DPPO Attapeu DONRE 10 Technical staff Attapeu DONRE IV Sekong province 1 Bounsong LAMMANGOTH PPD Sekong PPO 2 DDG of PAFO Owner of fish HuaiKien village in hatchery, pig farm, Lamam district slaughter house and a feed processing centre 3 Mr. Damang Livestock Dang village farmer/villager 4 Mr. Wat Slaughter House Owner 5 Mr. Saiyasen Model Fish Farmer Moh village 6 DPPO Attapeu DONRE 7 Technical staff Attapeu DONRE V Attapeu province 1 Sengsoth MAIBOUNMANY DPPD Attapeu PPO 2 DPPO Attapeu DONRE 3 Technical staff Attapeu DONRE

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4 Technical staff PAFO Attapeu Mr.Sombat 5 Head of DAFO Samakhixai district Mrs. One Ta 6 Head of DAFO Xaysettha district Mr. Vilaysack 7 Technical staff Pha Mouang Kumb Mr. XayLamphan Ban, Xaysettha district Village Head Vat Neu village, Mr. Phouvieng Xaysettha district 8 Technical staff Attapeu PPO Mr.Phonthalay,

9 Technical staff Mr.Chanthasone DAFO staff, Samakhixai district 10 Technical staff Mr.Thonmay DAFO staff, Samakhixai district 11 Mr. In Pan Village Head Samakkhi village 12 Mr. Boua Li Villager Samakkhi village 13 Mrs. Phountone Fish Fingerling Napong village Farm 14 Mrs. Vilaphone feed factory and pig Village farm 15 Mr. Man Piglet breeding Village farmer 16 Mr. Sengphachanh Slaughter House Village 17 Mrs. Kon Chang, Slaughter House Village 18 Mr. Kampenyang, head of village Piyakeu village 19 Mr. Khamule Chicken Farm Kheu village owner 20 Mrs. Kampaseu Owner of piglet Sapauthong village breeding center 21 Mr.Intnah Owner of piglet Sapauthong village breeding center

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