DOCSLIB.ORG

Species Trees and Species Delimitation with Multilocus Data and Coalescent-Based Methods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2011-02-11 Species Trees and Species Delimitation with Multilocus Data and Coalescent-based Methods: Resolving the Speciation History of the Liolaemus darwinii Group (Squamata, Tropiduridae) Arley Camargo Bentaberry Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Camargo Bentaberry, Arley, "Species Trees and Species Delimitation with Multilocus Data and Coalescent- based Methods: Resolving the Speciation History of the Liolaemus darwinii Group (Squamata, Tropiduridae)" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 2649. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2649 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Species Trees and Species Delimitation with Multilocus Data and Coalescent-based Methods: Resolving the Speciation History of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) Arley Camargo Bentaberry A dissertation submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Jack W. Sites, Jr., Chair Mark C. Belk Keith Crandall Jerald B. Johnson Leigh A. Johnson Department of Biology Brigham Young University April 2011 Copyright © 2011 Arley Camargo Bentaberry All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Species Trees and Species Delimitation with Multilocus Data and Coalescent-based Methods: Resolving the Speciation History of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) Arley Camargo Bentaberry Department of Biology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy !"#$%&'#(#&)#$*'$+,#)%#+$-*.&/0(%#+$0&/$,"12*3#&#4%)$(#204%*&+"%,+$0(#$'.&/05#&402$ '*($#6*2.4%*&0(17$#)*2*3%)027$0&/$)*&+#(604%*&$+4./%#+8$!"#$(#+*2.4%*&$*'$+,#)%#+$-*.&/0(%#+$ 0&/$4"#$%&'#(#&)#$*'$,"12*3#&#4%)$(#204%*&+"%,+$05*&3$+,#)%#+$0(#$(#9.%(#/$4*$/#'%&#$4"#$ .&%4+$*'$0&021+%+$0&/$4*$'%&/$4"#$5*+4$)2*+#21$(#204#/$.&%4+$'*($#602.04%&3$024#(&04%6#$5*/#2+$ *'$+,#)%04%*&8$:$"%3"2%3"4$lizards as model organisms for ecological and evolutionary studies, emphasizing their contributions to advances in understanding linkages between phylogeography and speciation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is shown to accurately delimit species given that limited or no gene flow has occurred after divergence and despite biased estimates of demographic parameters. ABC analyses supported the distinctness of two lineages within L. darwinii under a model of speciation with gene flow. Based on the species tree and the species limits obtained in this dissertation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would like to thank my graduate committee for their support and advice, and I wish to express my gratitude to the faculty and staff of the Department of Biology for their feedback and encouragement throughout the PhD program. I greatly appreciate financial support from the Department of Biology, the College of Life Sciences, the Bean Life Science Museum, and BYU Graduate Studies for a graduate research fellowship, a graduate mentoring fellowship, and several travel grants, which made possible the completion of this dissertation. I acknowledge also external financial support from a NSF-PIRE award, the Society of Systematic Biologists, and the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. I should thank undergraduate students for their assistance in the lab, especially Greg Walker for his dedication and commitment. Many graduate students and postdocs in the Sites Lab here in the US, the Morando and Avila Lab in Argentina, and the Victoriano Lab in Chile were great companions during field trips and during time spent in the lab, meetings, and socials. Old friends back at home and new friends here in the US made the time spent during this PhD much happier; I deeply enjoyed their friendship and affection. For being always there, in very special moments, I thank Edgar, Fernanda, Rafael, Eduardo, Raúl, and Andrés. My advisor, Jack, and his wife Joanne, were invaluable through their guidance and support during difficult times. Thank you both for caring and for helping me, and my family, to grow professionally and personally. Thanks to my family, especially my parents and brother, for their unconditional encouragement and affection. This dissertation is dedicated to my wife, Melody, and my daughter, Violeta. Their infinite patience, tolerance, and consolation were essential during this journey. I am so happy that both of you are part of my life; I will always love you. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. General Introduction . 1 1.1. Speciation models . 1 1.2. Species trees . 3 1.3. Species delimitation . 6 1.4. Conclusions and future directions . 8 1.5. References . 11 2. Lizards as Model Organisms for Linking Phylogeographic and Speciation Studies 15 2.1. Introduction . 17 2.2. Lizards as models for evolutionary studies . 18 2.3. Emerging themes in phylogeographic research . 20 2.4. Lizard phylogeography: patterns and trends . 21 2.5. Conceptual contributions to phylogeography from lizards . 24 2.5.1. Ecotones and hybrid zones . 24 2.5.2. Species delimitation . 25 2.5.3. Novel single species studies . 27 2.5.4. Novel multi-species studies . 29 2.6. Liking phylogeography to population divergence and speciation . 31 2.6.1. Speciation modes and patterns . 31 2.6.2. What modes can phylogeographic patterns distinguish? . 32 2.6.3. What kinds of data are needed? . 35 v 2.6.4. What kinds of analyses are appropriate? . 37 2.6.5. Integrating genetic, phenotypic and environmental data into tests of alternative speciation modes . 39 2.7. Synthesis and future directions . 43 2.8. References . 47 2.9. Tables . 78 2.10. Figures . 81 2.11. Appendices . 88 3. Accuracy and Precision of Species Trees: An Empirical Evaluation of Performance in Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii Group (Squamata: Tropiduridae) under Varying Sub- sampling Designs . 130 3.1. Introduction . 132 3.2. Methods . 136 3.3. Results . 142 3.4. Discussion . 146 3.4.1. Performance . 147 3.4.2. Systematics . 154 3.5. Conclusions . 156 3.6. References . 160 3.7. Tables . 169 3.8. Figures . 171 3.9. Appendices . 181 vi 4. Species Delimitation using ABC: Accounting for Speciation with Gene Flow in Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii Complex (Squamata: Tropiduridae) . 201 4.1. Introduction . 203 4.2. Methods . 209 4.2.1. Simulation testing . 209 4.2.2. Empirical analyses . 211 4.3. Results . 215 4.3.1. Simulation testing . 215 4.3.2. Empirical analyses . 216 4.4. Discussion . 218 4.4.1. Species delimitation using ABC and other methods . 218 4.4.2. Species limits in the L. darwinii complex . 223 4.5. Conclusions . 225 4.6. References . 227 4.7. Tables . 236 4.8. Figures . 241 4.9. Appendices . 245 vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION SPECIATION MODELS The delimitation of species, the units of biodiversity, and the resolution of their phylogenetic relationships is fundamental for evolutionary, ecological, and conservation studies (Sites and Marshall 2003; 2004). For example, the study of the population-level processes during the early stages of divergence is necessary to assess the ultimate causal factors of speciation, and phylogenetic (species) trees are required to address higher-level patterns of diversification (Barraclough 2010). After resolution of species limits and species trees, patterns of divergence in morphological, ecological, physiological, and other organismal traits, can be used to evaluate alternative models of speciation based on the role of stochastic and deterministic evolutionary forces. Allopatric speciation models represent the scenario where disjunct geographic distributions produces isolation and therefore leads to genetic divergence due to random genetic drift within populations. With sufficient time, this process can drive differentiation in compatibility or recognition systems generating reproductive isolation during an eventual geographic contact between
Recommended publications
  • Molecular Genetic Characteristic of Dinucleotide Microsatellite Loci in Parthenogenetic Lizards Darevskia Unisexualis A

    Molecular Genetic Characteristic of Dinucleotide Microsatellite Loci in Parthenogenetic Lizards Darevskia Unisexualis A

    ISSN 1022-7954, Russian Journal of Genetics, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 203–210. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2009 Original Russian Text © A.V. Omelchenko, V.I. Korchagin, G.A. Sevast’yanova, A.P. Ryskov, O.N. Tokarskaya, 2009, published in Genetika, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 230–238. ANIMAL GENETICS Molecular Genetic Characteristic of Dinucleotide Microsatellite Loci in Parthenogenetic Lizards Darevskia unisexualis A. V. Omelchenkoa,b, V. I. Korchagina, G. A. Sevast’yanovab, A. P. Ryskova, and O. N. Tokarskayaa aInstitute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia; e-mail: [email protected] bMoscow Pedagogical State Univrsity, Moscow, 119882 Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Received April 14, 2008; in final form, July 30, 2008 Abstract—In the present study, the first molecular genetic investigation of dinucleotide (GT)n microsatellite loci in parthenogenetic lizards Darevskia unisexualis was performed. New polymorphic locus, Du214, (GenBank Ac. No. EU252542) was identified and characterized in detail. It was demonstrated that allele of this locus differed in the size and structure of microsatellite locus, as well as in point mutations, the combinations of which enabled the isola- tion of stabile fixed double nucleotide substitutions A–A (alleles 2 and 4) and G–T (alleles 1, 3, 5, and 6). Double nucleotide substitutions described were also identified in the orthlogous loci of the parental species genomes, D. rad- dei (G–T) and D. valentine (A–A). Based on the analysis of allele distribution pattern at this locus in all populations of parthenospecies D. unisexualis, mathematic model was elaborated and realized.
  • Exploring the Host Specificity and Diversity of Haemogregarines in the Canary Islands Beatriz Tomé1,2*, Ana Pereira1,2, Fátima Jorge3, Miguel A

    Exploring the Host Specificity and Diversity of Haemogregarines in the Canary Islands Beatriz Tomé1,2*, Ana Pereira1,2, Fátima Jorge3, Miguel A

    Tomé et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:190 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2760-5 RESEARCH Open Access Along for the ride or missing it altogether: exploring the host specificity and diversity of haemogregarines in the Canary Islands Beatriz Tomé1,2*, Ana Pereira1,2, Fátima Jorge3, Miguel A. Carretero1, D. James Harris1 and Ana Perera1 Abstract Background: Host-parasite relationships are expected to be strongly shaped by host specificity, a crucial factor in parasite adaptability and diversification. Because whole host communities have to be considered to assess host specificity, oceanic islands are ideal study systems given their simplified biotic assemblages. Previous studies on insular parasites suggest host range broadening during colonization. Here, we investigate the association between one parasite group (haemogregarines) and multiple sympatric hosts (of three lizard genera: Gallotia, Chalcides and Tarentola) in the Canary Islands. Given haemogregarine characteristics and insular conditions, we hypothesized low host specificity and/or occurrence of host-switching events. Methods: A total of 825 samples were collected from the three host taxa inhabiting the seven main islands of the Canarian Archipelago, including locations where the different lizards occurred in sympatry. Blood slides were screened to assess prevalence and parasitaemia, while parasite genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences. Results: Infection levels and diversity of haplotypes varied geographically and across host groups. Infections were found in all species of Gallotia across the seven islands, in Tarentola from Tenerife, La Gomera and La Palma, and in Chalcides from Tenerife, La Gomera and El Hierro. Gallotia lizards presented the highest parasite prevalence, parasitaemia and diversity (seven haplotypes), while the other two host groups (Chalcides and Tarentola) harbored one haplotype each, with low prevalence and parasitaemia levels, and very restricted geographical ranges.
  • Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus

    Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus

    STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N.
  • Darevskia Raddei and Darevskia Portschinskii) May Not Lead to Hybridization Between Them

    Darevskia Raddei and Darevskia Portschinskii) May Not Lead to Hybridization Between Them

    Zoologischer Anzeiger 288 (2020) 43e52 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Zoologischer Anzeiger journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jcz Research paper Syntopy of two species of rock lizards (Darevskia raddei and Darevskia portschinskii) may not lead to hybridization between them * Eduard Galoyan a, b, , Viktoria Moskalenko b, Mariam Gabelaia c, David Tarkhnishvili c, Victor Spangenberg d, Anna Chamkina b, Marine Arakelyan e a Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, 33 Leninskij Prosp. 119071, Moscow, Russia b Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia c Center of Biodiversity Studies, Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia d Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia e Department of Zoology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia article info abstract Article history: The two species of rock lizards, Darevsia raddei and Darevskia portschinskii, belong to two different Received 19 February 2020 phylogenetic clades of the same genus. They are supposed ancestors for the hybrid parthenogenetic, Received in revised form Darevskia rostombekowi. The present study aims to identify morphological features of these two species 22 June 2020 and the potential gene introgression between them in the area of sympatry. External morphological Accepted 30 June 2020 features provided the evidence of specific morphology in D. raddei and D. portschinskii: the species Available online 14 July 2020 differed in scalation and ventral coloration pattern, however, they had some proportional similarities Corresponding Editor: Alexander Kupfer within both sexes of the two species. Males of both species had relatively larger heads and shorter bodies than females. Males of D. raddei were slightly larger than males of D.
  • A Phylogenetic History of the Tenerife Skink Chalcides Viridanus: a Multi-Locus Coalescent Approach

    A Phylogenetic History of the Tenerife Skink Chalcides Viridanus: a Multi-Locus Coalescent Approach

    A Phylogenetic History of the Tenerife Skink Chalcides viridanus: A multi-locus Coalescent Approach Matthew Woods A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Masters of Philosophy. March 2015 Abstract Previous studies on the Tenerife skink Chalcides viridanus found clear links between observed within-island cladogenesis and the geological history of the island. Since these studies there have been many advances in conceptual, numerical and methodological approaches in phylogenetic analyses. This study aims to revisit the phylogeography of the Tenerife skink, using more current *BEAST analysis techniques, and attempt to resolve some unanswered questions about population history of this species. Specifically, using previously unused nuclear gene markers to obtain a more robust phylogeographical history of the species, using new techniques to estimate whether any historic changes in population size can be linked to known geological events and whether there is enough evidence to reclassify any discovered genetic clades as distinct species. A multi-locus approach was undertaken, using more informative mtDNA gene fragments (Cyt- b & ND1 & 2, totalling 1566bp) as well as the sequencing of 5 nuclear loci (PRLR-555bp, Rag- 1-761bp, RELN-583bp, EXPH-796bp and SELT-414bp). These sequences were combined with the latest Bayesian methods to estimate divergence times, historical changes in population structure and infer species boundaries. Results from the BAPS and *BEAST analyses identified three main population groups within the island, the geographical distribution of two of which were restricted to the areas representing the ancient precursor islands Teno & Anaga in the North West and North East of Tenerife, respectively.
  • Evolution and Biogeography of the Genus Tarentola (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in the Canary Islands, Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

    Evolution and Biogeography of the Genus Tarentola (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in the Canary Islands, Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

    0 Birkhfiuser Verlag, Base], 1998 J. evol. biol. I I (1998) 481 494 1010-061X/98/040481-14 $ 1.50 +0.20/O 1 Journal of Evolutionary Biology Evolution and biogeography of the genus Tarentola (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in the Canary Islands, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences M. Nogales,’ M. Lopez,’ J. Jimenez-Asensio,2 J. M. Larruga,’ M. Hernandez’,* and P. Gonzalez2 1Department of Zoology, University oJ’ La Lugunu, E-38271 Tenerijk, Cunury Islunds, Spain 2Department of’ Genetics, University of La Laguna, E-38271 Tenerijk, &nary Islands, Spain, e-mail address: [email protected] Key brords: mtDNA; Turentolu; Gekkonidae, phylogeny; biogeography; Canary Islands. Abstract Sequences from fragments of the 12s ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b mito- chondrial genes were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships among geckos of genus Turentolu from the Canary Islands. A surprisingly high level of within island differentiation was found in T. delulundii in Tenerife and T. boettgeri in Gran Canaria. Molecular differentiation between populations of T. ungustimentulis on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, and between Moroccan and Iberian Peninsula T. muuritunicu, also indicate that at least two subspecies should be recognized within each of them. Phylogenetic relationships among these species reveals a higher level of differentiation and a more complex colonization pattern than those found for the endemic genus Gullotiu. Lack of evidence for the presence of T. boettgeri bischoffi on the island of Madeira does not seem to support the origin of T. delulundii, T. gomerensis and the canarian subspecies of T, boettgeri from this island, whereas molecular data confirms that T. ungustimentulis is a sister species of the continental T.
  • Catalogue of Protozoan Parasites Recorded in Australia Peter J. O

    Catalogue of Protozoan Parasites Recorded in Australia Peter J. O

    1 CATALOGUE OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES RECORDED IN AUSTRALIA PETER J. O’DONOGHUE & ROBERT D. ADLARD O’Donoghue, P.J. & Adlard, R.D. 2000 02 29: Catalogue of protozoan parasites recorded in Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 45(1):1-164. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. Published reports of protozoan species from Australian animals have been compiled into a host- parasite checklist, a parasite-host checklist and a cross-referenced bibliography. Protozoa listed include parasites, commensals and symbionts but free-living species have been excluded. Over 590 protozoan species are listed including amoebae, flagellates, ciliates and ‘sporozoa’ (the latter comprising apicomplexans, microsporans, myxozoans, haplosporidians and paramyxeans). Organisms are recorded in association with some 520 hosts including mammals, marsupials, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Information has been abstracted from over 1,270 scientific publications predating 1999 and all records include taxonomic authorities, synonyms, common names, sites of infection within hosts and geographic locations. Protozoa, parasite checklist, host checklist, bibliography, Australia. Peter J. O’Donoghue, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia; Robert D. Adlard, Protozoa Section, Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia; 31 January 2000. CONTENTS the literature for reports relevant to contemporary studies. Such problems could be avoided if all previous HOST-PARASITE CHECKLIST 5 records were consolidated into a single database. Most Mammals 5 researchers currently avail themselves of various Reptiles 21 electronic database and abstracting services but none Amphibians 26 include literature published earlier than 1985 and not all Birds 34 journal titles are covered in their databases. Fish 44 Invertebrates 54 Several catalogues of parasites in Australian PARASITE-HOST CHECKLIST 63 hosts have previously been published.
  • The Canary Islands

    The Canary Islands

    The Canary Islands Naturetrek Tour Report 6 - 13 March 2009 Indian Red Admiral – Vanessa indica vulcania Canary Islands Cranesbill – Geranium canariense Fuerteventura Sea Daisy – Nauplius sericeus Aeonium urbicum - Tenerife Euphorbia handiensis - Fuerteventura Report compiled by Tony Clarke with images by kind courtesy of Ken Bailey Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report The Canary Islands Tour Leader: Tony Clarke (tour leader and naturalist) Tour Participants: Phil Haywood Hazel Haywood Peter Barrett Charles Wade Ken Bailey Day 1 Friday 6th March The arrival time of the group meant that we had enough time to do some birding in the afternoon and so we drove up from the airport, through Vilaflor to the Zona Recreativa de Las Lajas. This is probably the most well known location on Tenerife as it is where most people see their first Blue Chaffinches and we were not to be disappointed. Also at this location we saw the only Great Spotted Woodpecker of the tour plus a few Canaries, a Tenerife Kinglet and a few African Blue Tits. After departing from Las Lajas we continued climbing and entered the Las Cañadas National Park which is a spectacular drive through volcanic scenery. On the drive we encountered quite a few endemic plants including Pinus canariensis and Spartocytisus supranubius that were common and easily recognized and Echium wildpretii, Pterocephalus lasiospermus, Descurainia bourgaeana and Argyranthemum teneriffae which were rather unimpressive as they were not yet flowering but we were compensated by the fabulous views across the ancient caldera.
  • Annotated List of Amphibian and Reptile Taxa Described by Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky (1924–2009)

    Annotated List of Amphibian and Reptile Taxa Described by Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky (1924–2009)

    Zootaxa 4803 (1): 152–168 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4803.1.8 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F722FC45-D748-4128-942C-76BD53AE9BAF Annotated list of amphibian and reptile taxa described by Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky (1924–2009) ANDREI V. BARABANOV1,2 & IGOR V. DORONIN1,3,* 1Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute (ZISP), Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034 Universitetskaya nab. 1, Russia 2 �[email protected] 3 �[email protected], [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-3144 *Corresponding author Abstract Ilya S. Darevsky co-described 70 taxa (three genera, 46 species, 21 subspecies) in 44 publications belonging to five orders, eight families of amphibians and reptiles during his career in herpetology. Of this number, three taxa are fossil and 57 taxa are currently considered as valid. By the regions where new taxa were discovered Southeast Asia and Western Asia (includes Caucasus and Asia Minor) dominates. The largest number of descriptions was published in the Russian Journal of Herpetology. Key words: herpetological collections, list of taxa, Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky, type specimens Introduction In 2019, the scientific community celebrated the 95th anniversary of the outstanding zoologist, evolutionist and bio- geographer, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences), Professor Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky (1924–2009) (Fig. 1). One of the most well-known herpetologists in the world, Darevsky was famous not only for his research on the biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles, but also for the discovery of natural parthenogenesis, hybridization, and polyploidy in higher vertebrates, which fundamentally changed biolo- gists’ views on speciation mechanisms in animals and brought him worldwide recognition.
  • Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus

    Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus

    STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily re ect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scienti c institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the rst time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N.
  • The Ecology of Lizard Reproductive Output

    The Ecology of Lizard Reproductive Output

    Global Ecology and Biogeography, (Global Ecol. Biogeogr.) (2011) ••, ••–•• RESEARCH The ecology of lizard reproductive PAPER outputgeb_700 1..11 Shai Meiri1*, James H. Brown2 and Richard M. Sibly3 1Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, ABSTRACT 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Department of Biology, Aim We provide a new quantitative analysis of lizard reproductive ecology. Com- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA and Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde parative studies of lizard reproduction to date have usually considered life-history Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA, 3School components separately. Instead, we examine the rate of production (productivity of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, hereafter) calculated as the total mass of offspring produced in a year. We test ReadingRG6 6AS, UK whether productivity is influenced by proxies of adult mortality rates such as insularity and fossorial habits, by measures of temperature such as environmental and body temperatures, mode of reproduction and activity times, and by environ- mental productivity and diet. We further examine whether low productivity is linked to high extinction risk. Location World-wide. Methods We assembled a database containing 551 lizard species, their phyloge- netic relationships and multiple life history and ecological variables from the lit- erature. We use phylogenetically informed statistical models to estimate the factors related to lizard productivity. Results Some, but not all, predictions of metabolic and life-history theories are supported. When analysed separately, clutch size, relative clutch mass and brood frequency are poorly correlated with body mass, but their product – productivity – is well correlated with mass. The allometry of productivity scales similarly to metabolic rate, suggesting that a constant fraction of assimilated energy is allocated to production irrespective of body size.
  • Variação Geográfica Na Morfologia De Gymnodactylus Amarali (Squamata, Gekkonidae)

    Variação Geográfica Na Morfologia De Gymnodactylus Amarali (Squamata, Gekkonidae)

    Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Ecologia Variação Geográfica na Morfologia de Gymnodactylus amarali (Squamata, Gekkonidae) Fabricius Maia Chaves Bicalho Domingos Brasília-DF 2009 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Ecologia Variação Geográfica na Morfologia de Gymnodactylus amarali (Squamata, Gekkonidae) Fabricius Maia Chaves Bicalho Domingos Orientador: Guarino Rinaldi Colli, Ph.D. Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ecologia Brasília-DF 2009 i FABRICIUS MAIA CHAVES BICALHO DOMINGOS Variação Geográfica na Morfologia de Gymnodactylus amarali (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) Dissertação realizada com o apoio financeiro do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e da Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF) e aprovada junto ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia da Universidade de Brasília como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ecologia. Banca Examinadora: ________________________________ Dr. Guarino Rinaldi Colli Departamento de Zoologia, UnB (Orientador, Presidente da Banca Examinadora) ________________________________ Dr. Kátia Cristina Machado Pellegrino Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNIFESP (Membro Titular da Banca Examinadora) ________________________________ Dr. Reginaldo