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Management of Waterlogged Areas in Uttar Pradesh

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Management of Waterlogged Areas in Uttar Pradesh Study no. 128 Publication No. 175 Management of Waterlogged Areas in Uttar Pradesh Prof. P.N. Mehrotra Shri Ramji Pandey 2009 AgroAgro----EconomicEconomic Research Centre University of Allahabad AllahabadAllahabad----211002211002 PREFACE Agriculture and allied activities sector is the most important basic attribute of Indian Economy. The progress of this sector holds vital importance for the development of the whole economy of the country. Nearly 60% of the country’s population resides in the rural areas and nearly 70% is still deployed in agriculture and allied activities sector. Agriculture depends upon the nature and quality of land resource. Temperature, rainfall and climatic factors are responsible for good or bad quality of land. Land is a scarce resource and its every available part has already been brought under cultivation. Further ever growing population pressure on land has necessitated the treatments of waste and barren lands under economic use. The Waste Land Development Board has launched a number of measures to reclaim the alkaline and saline soil, but no proper attention has been paid to develop the waterlogged area in the country. No doubt if the waterlogged areas are tapped, it may be of great economic help to reduce the problem of unemployment and poverty in the rural areas. Therefore, the development of waterlogged area to make it useful and productive, is felt necessary. It would be beneficial for maintaining the good environment as well. In U.P. State the programme of soil and water conservation had been initiated since the first Five Year Plan but for effective implementation of soil and water conservation programme the U.P. Government passed the U.P. State Soil and Water Conservation Act in 1963. At present the Soil Conservation Division of Agriculture Department of U.P. Government is implementing the development programmes for usarland, ravines land, khader land dry land. The Soil Conservation Department has also made tremendous efforts - 2 - to develop the usar and barren land for cultivation of crops. Out of 70 districts of Uttar Pradesh, 62 districts (excluding 8 districts of Bundelkhand region) have been covered under the Development Programme of waterlogged area. At present waterlogged area development programme is limited to the construction of the drains only. As per guide lines of the programme of waterlogged area, landless, marginal and small farmers of project villages should be engaged in physical work for construction of drains. It should be extended to all and National Remote Sensing Agency. Under the present study an attempt has been made to know the impact of waterlogged areas Development Programme on the cropping pattern of the farm production and productivity of main cereal crops, increase in net agricultural income and employment etc. Due to non-availability of separate data for waterlogged areas owned by state, Gramsabha and by individuals waterlogged area management aspect was not taken. National Remote Sensing Agency may provide data about seasonal and permanent waterlogged area in U.P. It is hoped that the findings of study will help in more focused Soil Conservation Policy. I wish to place on record my gratitude to Director Agriculture, Joint Director Sri Ram Shabd Jaisawara and other officials of Directorate of Agriculture, U.P. Krishi Bhavan, Lucknow I am also obliged to the staff of Soil Conservation Department of Etah, Lakhimpur Kheri and Basti districts for their valuable co-operation in the collection of primary and secondary data and relevant information for the study. I am also grateful to the Director, National Remote Sensing Agency for providing district wise data of waterlogged area, I am also thankful to Sri K.N. Thapliyal Ex. Sr. Research Officer of the AER Centre, Allahabad University for providing research knowledge in drafting the present report. - 3 - The study was planned and carried out by Sri Ramji Pandey Sr. Research Associate of the Centre in my overall supervision. Field survey and data processing were done by Sri. Ramji Pandey and Dr. H.C. Malviya. Report was drafted by Shri Ramji Pandey and the manuscript typed by Smt. Nirupama Nigam, P.A. to Director. Comments and suggestions for the improvement of the report are welcome and will be thankfully acknowledged. (P.N. Mehrotra) Agro-Economic Research Center Prof. & Hon. Director University of Allahabad Allahabad. Dated: June 26, 2009 - 4 - CREDIT Project Planning & Drafting Shri Ramji Pandey Tabulation & Data Collection Shri H.C. Malviya Computer Operations Mrs. Nirupama Nigam Secretarial Services Mrs. M.R. Kesherwani Xeroxing Mr. H.C. Upadhyay - 5 - CONTENTS Pages PREFACE 2-3 CRADIT 4 CONTENTS 5 LIST OF TABLES 6-10 CHAPTER-I Introduction 11-23 CHAPTER –II Profile of Selected Districts 24-54 Uttar Pradesh at a Glance General Characteristics of Sample Farmers of Selected district & Etah, Lakhimpur Kheri and Basti District CHAPTER –III Impact of Development Programme on Waterlogged Area 55-95 Status of Seasonal Waterlogged Impact on Permanent Waterlogged Area Impact on Cultivated Area, Production & Productivity Impact on Cropping Pattern Impact on Cropping Intensity Impact on Annual Net Income CHAPTER-IV Problems faced in Improvement of Soil & -Water Resources Programme 96-99 CHAPTER-V Summary of Findings & Suggestions 100-110 REFERENCES 111-113 APPENDIXS 114-120 - 6 - LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title of Tables Page No. CHAPTER –––III Table-I-1 State –wise Area Affected by Waterlogging in India Table-I-2 State –wise Number of Projects, Area Proposed and Reclaimed Area in India Table-I-3 Problematic Area, Treated Area and Remaining Area for Treatment Table-I-4 District-wise Distribution of Waterlogged area in Selected District of Different Regions (In Hect) Table-I-5 Region/ District/Tehsil-wise Distribution of Selected Villages and Sample Farmers Table-I-6 District-wise Distribution of Sample Farmers by Size Groups Table-I-7 Proposed Schemes of Soil and Water Conservation for the Year 2006-07 Table-I-8 Physical and Financial Progress under different Scheme of Soil and Water Conservation in Uttar Pradesh Table-I-8 A Percentage of Physical and Financial Progress under different Scheme of Soil and Water Conservation in Uttar Pradesh CHAPTER –––IIIIII Table-II-1 Geographical area, Population, Net and Gross Cropped area, Net and Gross Irrigation Area and Rainfall in Selected Districts Table-II-2 District-wise Total under Land Utilization and Area Effected by Flood and Rain in Selected Districts of Uttar Pradesh 2004-05 Table-II-3 District-wise Literacy Rate in Selected Districts of Uttar Pradesh in 2001 Table-II-4 District-wise Area Density, Total Population of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Selected Districts of Uttar Pradesh in 2001 Table-II-5 District-wise Number of Total Marginal and Small Holders 2000-2001 and Agricultural Labour Census-2001 Table-II-6 District-wise per Capita Net Income and Number of Tehsils, D Blocks, Villages and Towns Table-II-7 Distribution of Household by Castes Table-II-8 Distribution of Population by Size-Groups Table-II-9 Level of Education of Respondents by Size Group Table-II-10 Size-group-wise Highest Education in the Family Table-II-11 Type of Workers of Sample by Size Groups Table-II-12 Details of Occupation by Size-groups - 7 - Table-II-13 Per farm Distribution of Live-stock of Respondents by Size Groups Table-II-14 Proportion of Different Type of live-Stock possessed by Sample Farmers Table-II-15 Per Farm Distribution of Agricultural Employment by Size-Groups Table-II-16 Distribution of Household by Castes in Etah District Table-II-17 Distribution of Population by Size-Groups in Etah District Table-II-18 Level of Education of Respondents by Size Groups in Etah District Table-II-19 Size-group-wise Highest Education in the Family in Etah District Table-II-20 Type of Workers of Sample by Size Groups in Etah District Table-II-21 Details of Occupation by Size-groups in Etah District Table-II-22 Per farm Distribution of Live-stock of Respondents by Size Groups in Etah District Table-II-23 Proportion of Different Type of live-Stock possessed by Sample Farmers in Etah District Table-II-24 Per Farm Distribution of Agricultural Employment by Size-Groups in Etah District Table-II-25 Distribution of Household by Castes in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-26 Distribution of Population by Size-Groups in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-27 Level of Education of Respondent by Size Groups in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-28 Size-group-wise Highest Education in the Family in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-29 Type of Workers of Sample by Size Groups in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-30 Details of Occupation by Size-groups in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-31 Live-stock of Respondents by Size Groups in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-32 Proportion of Different Type of live-Stock possessed by Sample Farmers in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-33 Details of Implements by Size-Groups in Lakhimpur Kheri District Table-II-34 Distribution of Household by Castes in Basti District Table-II-35 Distribution of Population by Size-Groups in Basti District Table-II-36 Level of Education of Respondent by Size Groups in Basti District Table-II-37 Size-group-wise Highest Education in the Family in Basti District Table-II-38 Type of Workers by Size Groups in Basti District Table-II-39 Details of Occupation by Size-groups in Basti District Table-II-40 Per Farm Distribution of Live-stock of Respondents by Size Groups in Basti District Table-II-41 Proportion of Different Type of live-Stock possessed by Sample Farmers in Basti District - 8 - Table-II-42 Per Farm Distribution of Agricultural Implements by Size-Groups in Basti District CHAPTER –––IIIIIIIII Table-III-1 Distribution of Land by Size Group in Selected Districts Table-III-2 Distribution of Waterlogged Area by Size Groups in Selected Districts in U.P.
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