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Otocac K 33·115 L 33-115 16' OToeAe 14' I!!!I III 18[" .F ILl 20' PJ • Iii IBi~ ~ Iil!II , ~ 111[46' I MII ·U22' ~. l1' ~ ~:J E '. .eirlll ~. iii 1h AAO 6 l. 11 II ,. '~ II c:: ~ ~Ii", i. ~ ii1 1l!!!l1 •• II G:J .I!'I. 1:\I:I:!Jiii1:!liI 16 <> I,; 1I:!l:~ II .. rm 11:~ =. lEi! .. ~4Z' III~= 20' I'J •• I "" I~ !III'l 18 0 1~!!Iii!. !!!! 22' Socijalistii:ka Federativna Republika Jugoslavija OSNOVNA GEOLOSKA KARTA 1: 100000 TUMAC za list OTOCAC K 33·115 Beograd 1976. REDAKCIJSKI ODBOR: Prof. dr Milorad Dimitrijevic Prof. dr Stevan Karamata Dr Boris Sikosek Dr Dobra Veselinovic IZdaje Savezni geoloski zavod, Beograd Naklada od 500 primjeraka kao sastavni dio primerka lista karte s kojom se stavlja u omotnicu od plastike Tisak: "PRIVREDNI PREGLED", Beograd, Marsala Birjuzova 3 - KARTU I TUMAC IZRADIO INSTITUT ZA GEOLOSKA ISTRAZIVANJA ZAGREB 1970. Autori karte: 1. VELlC, S. BAHUN, B. SOKAC, 1. GALOVIC Autori tumaca: B. SOKAC, S. BAHUN, 1. VELIC, 1. GALOVIC SADittA] UVOD ............................. 1 KREDA ........................... 24 GEOGRAFSKI PREGLED ........... 1 Donja kreda 24 PREGLED DOSADASNJIH ISTRAZI- Dolomiti ..................... 24 VANJA ............................. 8 Vapnenci i vapnenjacke breee 25 PRIKAZ opeE GRADE TERENA 11 Gomja kreda ..................... 25 OPIS KARTIRANIH JEDINICA 17 Dolomiti i dolomitne brece 25 TRIJAS ........................... 17 Vapnenci ..................... 26 Srednji trijas ..................... 17 Vapnenci ..................... 26 Ladinik ......................... 17 PaIeogen ......................... 26 Vapnen.ci i dolomil1 ........... 17 VapnenjaCke breee, konglomerati i Tufovi i tufitieni klastiti ....... 17 vapIlenci ..................... 26 Gomji trijas ..................... 18 KVARTAR ....................... 27 Breco-konglomerati i tufitieni kJas- Pleistocen ......................... 27 titi ......................... 18 GiaciofluvijaIni sedimenti 27 Dolomiti ..................... 19 Proluvij ..................... 27 JURA ............................. 19 Deluvij ..................... 27 Lijas ............................. 20 Holocen ........•................. 27 Vapnenci i dolomiti ........... 20 Organogeno-barski sedimenti ... 27 Vapnenci i dolomiti ........... 20 Aluvij ......................... 27 Vapnenci i dolomiti ........... 20 TEKTONIKA ....................... 28 Doger ........................... 21 Tektonska jedinica Velebit ......... 28 Vapnenci i dolomiti ........... 21 Tektonska jedinica Velika Kapela- Dolomiti i vapnoviti dolomiti ... 21 Senjsko Bilo ..................... 28 Maim ........................... 22 Tektonska jedinica Licko sredogorje .. 31 Donji maIm ..................... 22 Tektonska jedinica MaIa Kapeia-PIje- ""1 Vapnenci i dolomiti ........... 22 sivica 31 Gomji maim ................... 22 PREGLED MINERALNIH SIROVINA .. 32 Klipeinski vapnenci ........... 22 Pseudogrebenski vapnenci 23 Gradevni kamen ................... 32 Dolomiti ..................... 23 POVIJEST STVARANJA TERENA ....•• 34 Dolomiti sa Ieeama vapnenaca 24 LITERATURA ..................... 37 U v 0 0 Izrada Geoloske karte lista Otocac-lOl pocela je 1962. godine, pa je s prekidima trajala do 1969. godine, kada su zavrseni· terenski radovi. Topografska osnova mjerila 1 : 25000, na kojoj je izveden najveti dio terenskog rada, izuzevsi dva lista - Senjsko bilo i Meinice - dobivena je fotogrametrijskim poveeanjem podloge M 1 : 50000, reproducirane 1951. go dine u GIJA prema materijalu iz 1935. godine. Prije spomenuta dva lista odnose se na nove Rh-karte, na koje je naknadno prenesena i sva prethodna grafika. Radove su izveli clanovi Instituta za geo­ loska istrazivanja i Geolosko-paleontoloskog zavoda Prirodoslovno-matematickog fakulteta u Zagrebu. Kompleksan rad izrade Geoloske karte obuhvatio je veti broj suradnika s razliCitim sudjelo­ vanjem u terenskim i kabinetskim istrazivanjima. U terenskom radu sudjelovali su: S· Bahun, I. GaIovic, B. Sokac i I. Velie, dok su u radovima na pojedinim dije10vima terena povremeno sudje1ovali: Lj. BabiC, I. Gusie, A. Milan i J. ZupaniC. Uz geologe-kartografe, u kabinetskoj obradi sudjelovali su sedimentolozi, petrografi i drugi, koji su obradili pojedine probleme uze specijalnosti. Mikropaleontolosku obradu uzoraka izvrsili su: S. Bahun, M. Grimani, I. Gusie, L. Nikler i B. Sokac, a sedimentolosku i petrografsku obradu izvrsili su: B. Scavnicar, A. Susnjara i I. Vrsalovic-Carevie. Kvartame naslage obradio je M. Malez. Sjedinjavanje terenskih i kabinetskih radova, odnosno obradu tumaca, te izradu geoloskih karata i ostalog grafickog materijala izvrSili su: S. Bahun, I. GaloviC, B. Sokac i I. Velie. Tekst tumaca je pripremio za tisak D. Veselinovic, a strueno-tehnicko uredenje karte izvrsio je Z. Pavlovic. GEOGRAFSKI PREGLED List Otocac-l010buhvaca podrucjeizmedu 15°00' i 15°30' istoene duzine, te 44°40' i 45°00' sjeveme sirine po Greenwich-u i sadrzi 16 karata 1 : 25000, pokrivajuCi ukupno 1480 km2 povrSine. Citavo podrucje koje obuhvaca list Otocac ima planinsku morfologiju, osim zarav­ njenih terena uz tokove Like i Gack,e, koje protjecu kroz krska polja (Lipovo polje, Gacko polje, Svicko polje, Srpsko polje, Kompolje i Gusie-polje). Vode rijeka Like i Gacke, kao i njihove pritoke, iskoriscavaju hidroelektrane Sklope i Senj. 5 Si/~ (S SI. 1. Geografski polozaj Iista Otocac. Geographic position of the sheet Otocac. reorpaqmqeCKOe nOJIomeHHe JIHCTa (}roqal\. 6 - Planinski masiv Velebita proteze se zapadnim dijelom lista, a izgraduju ga planinska bila: Senjsko i NadZak bilo, zatim Hajducki kukovi (1650), Rozanski kukovi (1678), Veliki Kozjak (1620), Veliki i Mali Rajinac (1667 i 1699), kao i manje kose s visinama od 800 do 1000 metara. Sjeveroistocni dio lista zahvaca Malu Kapelu s vrhovima: Veliki Lisac (1131), Veliki Javornik (1141), Smrcevac (1132), Krivi Javor (1204), dok ostal0 podrucje izgraduje Licko Sredogorje s vrhovima izmedu 700 do 1300 metara. Sjeverno podrucje iznad Gackog polja je nesto nize, a isticu se vrhovi: Ostrovica (750), Urn (795), Klanac (972) i Zorin (829 m). Na podrucju ovog lista izrazen je fenomen krsa, od skrapa, uvala, vrtaca, spilja, krskih polja, ponora, rijeka ponornica, estavela i drugih do ljutog krsa. Izuzevsi tokove najpoznatijih ponomica Like i Gacke, koje su hidroenergetski iskoriscene, a time i djelomieno regulirane, te Velikog i Malog vrela, Licke J esenice, potoka Bakovac i neko­ liko manjih izvora, cjelokupno je podrucje siromasno vodom i dobrim dijelom vezano na pa­ davinske vode. Biljni svijet zastupan je bjelogoricom i cmogoricom, Ciji raspored zavisi 0 klimatskim uvjetima ostre kontinentalne klime. U planinskim podrucjima dominira mjesovina suma cmogorice i bjelogorice, dok u nizim podrucjima. uglavnom prevladava bjelogorica. U krskim poljima, uz vodene tokove smjestena su veca naselja: Otocac, Licko Lesce, Vrhovine, Donja i Gomja Svica, Donji i Gomji Kosinj, Licka Jesenica, kao i niz drugihmanjih; mjesta· Sva su ova mjesta povezana mrezom prometnica. Kroz ovo podrucje prolazi zeljeznicka. pruga Zagreb-Split, te asfaltni put Zagreb-Gospic i odvojak preko Otocca u Senj. Otocac je glavno pospodarsko i politicko srediste ovog dijela Like, i raskrsnica nekoliko putova: Otocac-Senj, Otocac-Krasno-Sv. Juraj, Otocac-Brinje i Otocac-Licka Jesenica. Osim ovih putova, postoji nekoliko 10kalnih cesta, koje vezu manja mjesta na ovom podrucju. 7 PRIJEGLED DOSADA~NJI H ISTRAilVANJA Prvi podaci 0 geologiji ovog podrucja potjecu od austrijskih geologa F. Foetterle-a, F. Hauer-a, G. Stache-a iz druge polovine proslog stoljeca. Prema njihovom prikazu pretemo su zastupane nasla;ge mezozoika, dok je tercijar razvijen u manjoj mjeri. F. Hauer (1868-1871) na Preglednoj geoloskoj karti Austrougarske monarhije u ovom pod­ rucju izdvaja naslage karbona, donjeg i srednjeg trijasa, te gomju kredu. Na geoloskoj karti Stache-a (1889) nema znacajnijih promjena. R. Schubert (1910) i M. Salopek (1914) iznijeli su misljenje 0 autohtonoj gradi Velebita. Detaljniji geoloski prikaz ovog podrucja dao je F. Koch (1911-1916). Svoja istrazivanja sje­ dinio je u tumacima i geoloskim kartama listova: Karlobag-Jablanac (1929) i Senj-Otocac (1932-1933). Na karti Karlobag-Jablanac, koja sjevemim dijelom zahvaca jumi dio lista Otocac, izdvaja naslage srednjeg i gomjeg trijasa, a u normalnoj superpoziciji slijedi donji, srednji i gomji lijas, te gomja jura, doger i maIm. Istocno, razvijena je donja i gomja kreda u facijesu vapnenaca i dolomita. Analogno su prikazane naslage i na karti Senj-Otocac, koja se sjevemo nadovezuje na prethodnu. U struktumom pogledu Koch smatra, da je izdizanjem Velebita stvoren niz paralelnih, sekundarnih bora, uzduz kojih je u isto vrijeme dosl0 do 10- mova. Takvim 10mom odvojeno je Senjsko bilo od Nadzak bila, i njime je uvjetovan postanak krasanske doline. Otpori uvjetovani pojavom eruptiva u Senjskoj dragi i Baskim Ostarijama, prema njegovom misljenju, zakrenuli su Velebit u smjer sjever-jug. Glavnina pokreta, smatra F. Koch, javila se je u gomjem tercijaru. Za hidrogeoloske prilike, smatra Koch, znacajan je rasjed kroz dolinu Krasno, kojim su ne­ propusne naslage rabelja spustene, tvoreCi nepropusnu barijeru za vode Like i Gacke. Lika, koja ponire u Lipovom polju, tece podzemno u smjeru sjeverozapada, te se njezine vode javlja u vruljama uz obalu juzno od Sv. Jurja. Podzemni tok Gacke usmjeren je Senjskim bilom prema jugu, i vjerojatno se spaja s vodama Like. J. Poljak (1929) je dao geomorfolosku podjelu krsa na kontinentalni i primorski, temeljenu na proucavanju krskih osobina u Lici i na Velebitu. B. Bauer (1934, 1935) je zakljuCio,
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