9Th International Symposium on Tardigrada St. Pete Beach, FL 28 July – 1 August 2003 Program of Events Date/Time Event Locat
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18Th EANA Conference European Astrobiology Network Association
18th EANA Conference European Astrobiology Network Association Abstract book 24-28 September 2018 Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Sponsors: Detectability of biosignatures in martian sedimentary systems A. H. Stevens1, A. McDonald2, and C. S. Cockell1 (1) UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Edinburgh, UK ([email protected]) (2) Bioimaging Facility, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK Presentation: Tuesday 12:45-13:00 Session: Traces of life, biosignatures, life detection Abstract: Some of the most promising potential sampling sites for astrobiology are the numerous sedimentary areas on Mars such as those explored by MSL. As sedimentary systems have a high relative likelihood to have been habitable in the past and are known on Earth to preserve biosignatures well, the remains of martian sedimentary systems are an attractive target for exploration, for example by sample return caching rovers [1]. To learn how best to look for evidence of life in these environments, we must carefully understand their context. While recent measurements have raised the upper limit for organic carbon measured in martian sediments [2], our exploration to date shows no evidence for a terrestrial-like biosphere on Mars. We used an analogue of a martian mudstone (Y-Mars[3]) to investigate how best to look for biosignatures in martian sedimentary environments. The mudstone was inoculated with a relevant microbial community and cultured over several months under martian conditions to select for the most Mars-relevant microbes. We sequenced the microbial community over a number of transfers to try and understand what types microbes might be expected to exist in these environments and assess whether they might leave behind any specific biosignatures. -
Further Studies on the Marine Tardigrade Fauna from Sardinia (Italy)
G. Pilato and L. Rebecchi (Guest Editors) Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Tardigrada J. Limnol., 66(Suppl. 1): 56-59, 2007 Further studies on the marine tardigrade fauna from Sardinia (Italy) Rossana D'ADDABBO, Maria GALLO*, Cristiana DE LEONARDIS, Roberto SANDULLI and Susanna DE ZIO GRIMALDI Zoology Department, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy *e-mail corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT An investigation on the taxonomy and ecology of marine tardigrades was carried out in different intertidal and subtidal sites along the coasts of Sardinia (Italy). Particle size analysis of sediments revealed medium or medium-fine intertidal sands and coarse subtidal sands, the latter mainly formed by coralligenous debris. The systematic study was particularly relevant, leading to the identification of 25 species, of which 9 are new records for Sardinia, and 2 are new to science. With these new findings, the total number of species for Sardinia adds up to 47. The species found belong to the families Halechiniscidae (16 species; abundance 2 to 263 ind. 10 cm-2), Batillipedidae (6 species; abundance 2 to 574 ind. 10 cm-2) and Stygarctidae (3 species; abundance 0 to 13 ind. 10 cm-2). The present data confirm the existence of a remarkable diversity, both of intertidal and subtidal tardigrade fauna. Generally, the prevalently siliceous intertidal sands host a few number of species (sometimes with many individuals), while the subtidal sediments, which were mainly calcareous, show a higher number of species often with low density. In fact, in the intertidal sediments only 11 species were found, 5 belonging to Halechiniscidae and 6 to Batillipedidae. -
Psammolittoral Marine Tardigrades from North Carolina and Their Conformity to Worldwide Zonation Patterns
PSAMMOLITTORAL MARINE TARDIGRADES FROM NORTH CAROLINA AND THEIR CONFORMITY TO WORLDWIDE ZONATION PATTERNS by Eric W . Lindgren Department of Zoology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, N.C., U.S.A. Résumé Cinq espèces de Tardigrades, Batillipes minis, B. bullacaudatus, Stygarctus bradypus, S. granulatus, et Tanarctus arborspinosus nov. spec., sont signalés des sables de la zone intertidale de Bogue Bank, Caroline du Nord. La nouvelle espèce est caractérisée par la présence d’un cirre médian et par des épines latéro-posté- rieures très longues avec plusieurs branches secondaires et de nombreuses épines tertiaires plus petites. La répartition de chaque espèce a été étudiée en rapport avec les caractéristiques écologiques de cette plage. Introduction Marine Tardigrada are occasionally an abundant component of the meiofauna and recently have been the object of increased ecolo gical and systematic attention. A majority of the species thus far reported are inhabitants of the interstitial spaces on sandy beaches, and their ecology has been studied on the west Atlantic coast (McGinty and Higgins, 1968; Pollock, 1970a), the east Atlantic coast in France (Renaud-Debyser, 1956, 1959a, 1963) and Germany (Schmidt, 1968, 1969), the Adriatic coast of Italy (DeZio, 1964, 1965; DeZio and Grimaldi, 1964a & b, 1966), and the Waltair coast of India (Rao and Ganapati, 1968). Marine tardigrade systematics and ecology is reviewed by Renaud-Mornant and Pollock (1971). Other references have been largely taxonomic surveys or descriptions concerning the thirty-four known marine species. In the present study the interstitial meiofauna of a sandy North Carolina beach was examined on the ocean side of Rogue Bank (76° 50’ 00” W, 34° 41’ 30” N). -
Tardigrade Reproduction and Food
Glime, J. M. 2017. Tardigrade Reproduction and Food. Chapt. 5-2. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. Bryological 5-2-1 Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 18 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 5-2 TARDIGRADE REPRODUCTION AND FOOD TABLE OF CONTENTS Life Cycle and Reproductive Strategies .............................................................................................................. 5-2-2 Reproductive Strategies and Habitat ............................................................................................................ 5-2-3 Eggs ............................................................................................................................................................. 5-2-3 Molting ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-2-7 Cyclomorphosis ........................................................................................................................................... 5-2-7 Bryophytes as Food Reservoirs ........................................................................................................................... 5-2-8 Role in Food Web ...................................................................................................................................... 5-2-12 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... -
Extreme Secondary Sexual Dimorphism in the Genus Florarctus
Extreme secondary sexual dimorphism in the genus Florarctus (Heterotardigrada Halechiniscidae) Gasiorek, Piotr; Kristensen, David Mobjerg; Kristensen, Reinhardt Mobjerg Published in: Marine Biodiversity DOI: 10.1007/s12526-021-01183-y Publication date: 2021 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Gasiorek, P., Kristensen, D. M., & Kristensen, R. M. (2021). Extreme secondary sexual dimorphism in the genus Florarctus (Heterotardigrada: Halechiniscidae). Marine Biodiversity, 51(3), [52]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526- 021-01183-y Download date: 29. sep.. 2021 Marine Biodiversity (2021) 51:52 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01183-y ORIGINAL PAPER Extreme secondary sexual dimorphism in the genus Florarctus (Heterotardigrada: Halechiniscidae) Piotr Gąsiorek1 & David Møbjerg Kristensen2,3 & Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen4 Received: 14 October 2020 /Revised: 3 March 2021 /Accepted: 15 March 2021 # The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Secondary sexual dimorphism in florarctin tardigrades is a well-known phenomenon. Males are usually smaller than females, and primary clavae are relatively longer in the former. A new species Florarctus bellahelenae, collected from subtidal coralline sand just behind the reef fringe of Long Island, Chesterfield Reefs (Pacific Ocean), exhibits extreme secondary dimorphism. Males have developed primary clavae that are much thicker and three times longer than those present in females. Furthermore, the male primary clavae have an accordion-like outer structure, whereas primary clavae are smooth in females. Other species of Florarctus Delamare-Deboutteville & Renaud-Mornant, 1965 inhabiting the Pacific Ocean were investigated. Males are typically smaller than females, but males of Florarctus heimi Delamare-Deboutteville & Renaud-Mornant, 1965 and females of Florarctus cervinus Renaud-Mornant, 1987 have never been recorded. -
Energy Allocation in Two Species of Eutardigrada
G. Pilato and L. Rebecchi (Guest Editors) Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Tardigrada J. Limnol., 66(Suppl. 1): 111-118, 2007 Energy allocation in two species of Eutardigrada Roberto GUIDETTI*, Chiara COLAVITA, Tiziana ALTIERO, Roberto BERTOLANI and Lorena REBECCHI Department of Animal Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, Modena, Italy *e-mail corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT To improve our knowledge on life histories in tardigrades and the energy allocated for their reproduction and growth, we have studied two species (Macrobiotus richtersi and Hypsibius convergens) differing in evolutionary histories, diet and ways of oviposi- tion. For both species we considered a bisexual population dwelling in the same substrate. In both species we investigated energy allocations in males with a testis rich in spermatozoa and females, each with an ovary containing oocytes in advanced vitellogenesis. The age of the specimens was estimated on the basis of buccal tube length and body size. Body and gonad areas were calculated using an image analysis program. In both species females reach a larger size than males. Macrobiotus richtersi has both a signifi- cantly longer buccal tube and wider body area than H. convergens. Statistical analyses show that the buccal tube has a positive correlation with body area and gonad area. For an estimate of the relative energy allocated for reproduction in one reproductive event (relative reproductive effort = RRE), we have used the ratio between gonad area and body area. In males of both species, the absolute amount of energy and the RRE is statistically lower than that of females. -
The Wonders of Mauritius
Evolutionary Systematics. 5 2021, 93–120 | DOI 10.3897/evolsyst.5.59997 Echiniscidae in the Mascarenes: the wonders of Mauritius Yevgen Kiosya1, Katarzyna Vončina2, Piotr Gąsiorek2 1 School of Biology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Sq. 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine 2 Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland http://zoobank.org/22050C34-40A5-4B7A-9969-222AE927D6AA Corresponding author: Piotr Gąsiorek ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Schmidt-Rhaesa ♦ Received 24 October 2020 ♦ Accepted 7 December 2020 ♦ Published 9 April 2021 Abstract Many regions of the world remain unexplored in terms of the tardigrade diversity, and the islands of the Indian Ocean are no excep- tion. In this work, we report four species of the family Echiniscidae representing three genera from Mauritius, the second largest is- land in the Mascarene Archipelago. Two species belong in the genus Echiniscus: Echiniscus perarmatus Murray, 1907, a pantropical species, and one new species: Echiniscus insularis sp. nov., one of the smallest members of the spinulosus group and the entire genus, being particularly interesting due to the presence of males and supernumerary teeth-like spicules along the margins of the dorsal plates. The new species most closely resembles Echiniscus tropicalis Binda & Pilato, 1995, for which we present extensive mul- tipopulation data and greatly extend its distribution eastwards towards islands of Southeast Asia. Pseudechiniscus (Meridioniscus) mascarenensis sp. nov. is a typical member of the subgenus with elongated (dactyloid) cephalic papillae and the pseudosegmental plate IV’ with reduced posterior projections in males. Finally, a Bryodelphax specimen is also recorded. -
Dwelling Eutardigrade Hypsibius Klebelsbergi MIHEL…I…, 1959 (Tardigrada)
Hamburg, Dezember 2007 Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst. Band 104 S. 61-72 ISSN 0072 9612 The osmoregulatory/excretory organs of the glacier- dwelling eutardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergi MIHEL…I…, 1959 (Tardigrada) BEATE PELZER1, HIERONYMUS DASTYCH2 & HARTMUT GREVEN1 1 Institut für Zoomorphologie und Zellbiologie der Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Martin-Luther-King- Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. ABSTRACT. – The glacier-dwelling eutardigrade Hypsibius klebelsbergi MIHEL…I…, 1959 is exclusively known from cryoconite holes, i.e., water-filled micro-caverns on the glacier surface. This highly specialized environment is characterized by near zero temperatures and an extreme low conductivity of the water in these holes. Especially low conductivity might require powerful organs of osmoregulation in this unique species. Therefore we examined these organs in H. klebelsbergi using light and electron microscopy. H. klebelsbergi possesses three large Malpighian tubules at the transition of the midgut to the hindgut. Each tubule consists of a three- lobed distal, a thin middle and a short proximal part. The latter opens at the junction of the midgut and rectum. The distal part consists of three cells, which are characterized by a large nucleus, a fair number of mitochondria, a basal labyrinth, interdigitating plasma membranes and an irregular surface. Apical spaces extend in the middle part, which largely lacks nuclei and probably is made of offshoots of the proximal part. Here basal infolding and mitochondria are sparse. Interwoven cell projections and microvilli give this part and the proximal part a vacuolated appearance. -
Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada)
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013. With 6 figures Congruence between molecular phylogeny and cuticular design in Echiniscoidea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada) NOEMÍ GUIL1*, ASLAK JØRGENSEN2, GONZALO GIRIBET FLS3 and REINHARDT MØBJERG KRISTENSEN2 1Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 21 November 2012; revised 2 September 2013; accepted for publication 9 September 2013 Although morphological characters distinguishing echiniscid genera and species are well understood, the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa are not well established. We thus investigated the phylogeny of Echiniscidae, assessed the monophyly of Echiniscus, and explored the value of cuticular ornamentation as a phylogenetic character within Echiniscus. To do this, DNA was extracted from single individuals for multiple Echiniscus species, and 18S and 28S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced. Each specimen was photographed, and published in an open database prior to DNA extraction, to make morphological evidence available for future inquiries. An updated phylogeny of the class Heterotardigrada is provided, and conflict between the obtained molecular trees and the distribution of dorsal plates among echiniscid genera is highlighted. The monophyly of Echiniscus was corroborated by the data, with the recent genus Diploechiniscus inferred as its sister group, and Testechiniscus as the sister group of this assemblage. Three groups that closely correspond to specific types of cuticular design in Echiniscus have been found with a parsimony network constructed with 18S rRNA data. -
On Two Species of Marine Interstitial Tardigrada from the East Coast of India
ON TWO SPECIES OF MARINE INTERSTITIAL TARDIGRADA FROM THE EAST COAST OF INDIA BY G. CHANDRASEKHAP~RAO (Zoological Survey of India, 27, Chowringhee Road, Calcutta-13) Received April 16, 1970 (Communicated by Dr. B. S. Chauhan, F.A.se.) ABSTRACT The paper reports the occurrence of two species of marine interstitial tardigrades, Stygarctus bradypus Schulz and Batillipes carnonensis Fize, from Indian waters. The morphological variations of the Indian forms differing from the EuropeaN. species are given, along with some ecological notes. INTRODUCTION SEVERAL new genera and species of marine interstitial tardigrades have been described in recent years from different parts of the world (for bibliography see Renaud-Mornant, 1967). But no previous records of the fauna are known from Indian waters. The preliminary results of a collection of tardigrades made by the present author on the Waltair coast, has been published elsewhere (Chandrasekhara Rao and Ganapati, 1968). During a general marine faunistic survey of the Orissa coast undertaken by a party of the Zoological Survey of India in December 1966, the author had an oppor- tunity of examining the intertidal sands at Purl and Konarak. Two species of Tardigrada, Stygarctus bradypus Schulz and Batillipes carnonensis Fize, were encountered in the collections. The two species were also recorded on the Waltair coast and the specimens from both the areas are morpho- logically identical in structure. The occurrence of the European species on Indian coast throws considerable light on their geographical distribution. Order : HETEROTARDIGRADA Sub-order : Arthrotardigrada Family : STYGARCTIDAE Genus : Stygarctus Schulz Stygarctus bradypus Schulz, 1951 (Figs. 1-3) 53 54 G. -
Contribution to the Knowledge on Distribution of Tardigrada in Turkey
diversity Article Contribution to the Knowledge on Distribution of Tardigrada in Turkey Duygu Berdi * and Ahmet Altında˘g Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 December 2019; Accepted: 4 March 2020; Published: 6 March 2020 Abstract: Tardigrades have been occasionally studied in Turkey since 1973. However, species number and distribution remain poorly known. In this study, distribution of Tardigrades in the province of Karabük, which is located in northern coast (West Black Sea Region) of Turkey, was carried out. Two moss samples were collected from the entrance of the Bulak (Mencilis) Cave. A total of 30 specimens and 14 eggs were extracted. Among the specimens; Echiniscus granulatus (Doyère, 1840) and Diaforobiotus islandicus islandicus (Richters, 1904) are new records for Karabük. Furthermore, this study also provides a current checklist of tardigrade species reported from Turkey, indicating their localities, geographic distribution and taxonomical comments. Keywords: cave; Diaforobiotus islandicus islandicus; Echiniscus granulatus; Karabük; Tardigrades; Turkey 1. Introduction Caves are not only one of the most important forms of karst, but also one of the most unique forms of karst topography in terms of both size and formation characteristics, which are formed by mechanical melting and partly chemical erosion of water [1]. Most of the caves in Turkey were developed within the Cretaceous and Tertiary limestone, metamorphic limestone [2], and up to now ca. 40 000 karst caves have been recorded in Turkey. Although, most of these caves are found in the karstic plateaus zone in the Toros System, important caves, such as Kızılelma, Sofular, Gökgöl and Mencilis, have also formed in the Western Black Sea [3]. -
Global Diversity of Tardigrades (Tardigrada) in Freshwater
Hydrobiologia (2008) 595:101–106 DOI 10.1007/s10750-007-9123-0 FRESHWATER ANIMAL DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Global diversity of tardigrades (Tardigrada) in freshwater James R. Garey Æ Sandra J. McInnes Æ P. Brent Nichols Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Tardigrada is a phylum closely allied with Keywords Tardigrada Á Biogeography Á the arthropods. They are usually less than 0.5 mm in Phylogeny Á Distribution Á Diversity length, have four pairs of lobe-like legs and are either carnivorous or feed on plant material. Most of the 900+ described tardigrade species are limnoterrestrial Introduction and live in the thin film of water on the surface of moss, lichens, algae, and other plants and depend on Tardigrada is a phylum allied with arthropods. water to remain active and complete their life cycle. Tardigrades are generally less than 0.5 mm in size, In this review of 910 tardigrade species, only 62 bilaterally symmetrical, and have four pairs of legs. species representing13 genera are truly aquatic and Their biology has been reviewed by Kinchin (1994), not found in limnoterrestrial habitats although many Nelson & Marley (2000), and Nelson (2002). other genera contain limnoterrestrial species occa- Tardigrades are found in freshwater habitats, terres- sionally found in freshwater. trial environments, and marine sediments. The tardigrades living in terrestrial environments are the most well-known, where they live in the thin film of water found on mosses, lichens, algae, other plants, leaf litter, and in the soil and are active when Guest editors: E.V. Balian, C. Le´veˆque, H. Segers & at least a thin film of water is present on the K.