292 21. Constans II
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Exiling Bishops: the Policy of Constantius II
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Classical Studies Faculty Publications Classical Studies 2014 Exiling Bishops: The olicP y of Constantius II Walter Stevenson University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/classicalstudies-faculty- publications Part of the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Stevenson, Walt. "Exiling Bishops: The oP licy of Canstantius II." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68 (2014): 7-27. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classical Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classical Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Exiling Bishops: The Policy of Constantius II Walt Stevenson onstantius II was forced by circumstances to all instances in which Constantius II exiled bishops Cmake innovations in the policy that his father and focus on a sympathetic reading of his strategy.2 Constantine had followed in exiling bishops. While Though the sources for this period are muddled and ancient tradition has made the father into a sagacious require extensive sorting, a panoramic view of exile saint and the son into a fanatical demon, recent schol- incidents reveals a pattern in which Constantius moved arship has tended to stress continuity between the two past his father’s precedents to mold a new, intelligent regimes.1 This article will attempt to gather -
The Pantheon (Temple of All the Gods)
The Pantheon (temple of all the gods) is a former Roman temple and since the year 609 a Catholic church in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). It was rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated 126 AD. Its date of construction is uncertain, because Hadrian chose not to inscribe the new temple but rather to retain the inscription of Agrippa's older temple, which had burned down. The building is cylindrical with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening (oculus) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 142 feet. It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history and, since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been in use as a church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda". The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. The Pantheon is a state property, managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism. In 2013, it was visited by over 6 million people. -
Bibliotheca Sacra
618 Atha11usius and his Times. [Oct. ARTICLE VI. ATHANASIUS THE COPT, AND HIS TIMES.1 BY NORVELLE WALLACE SHARPE, M.D., F.A.C.S., ST. LOUIS, MO. I. THE Athanasian epoch occurred in the htter portion of the third century and the major portion of the fourth. The predomi nating world power was the Roman Empire, vast in extent, polyglot in its constituents, notably J..acking in the virility and co hesive stability of the preceding centuries, - its art, its science, its literature, its politics, its philosophy, and its religion frankly manifesting the evidence of decadence that but foreshadowed its final doom. Speculative philosophy was the fashion of thought in extra-ecclesiastic circles; speculative religion the vogue prac ticed by the intra-ecclesiastic world. The sound and enduring things are seen to have been masked by casuistic embroid eries; the Spirit of the Law has been smothered by the Let ter: - while Reason of the Forum, Logic of the Schools, and simple Faith of the Sanctuary have been supplanted by Co) liquative Verbiage,.- clamorous progenitor of Confusion. With the exception of the far distant civilizations of China, Japan, and India, the Civilized World may be held, at this period, to be synonymous with the Roman Empire. A single instance will suffice as illustration: Britain was invaded by Julius Cresar B.C. 55; Claudius attempted further conquest nearly a century later; under Julius Agricola A.D. 78-84 1915. ] Athanasius and his Times. 619 Rome attained her maximum of control. In the Athanasian epoch (297-373) the English segment of the Teutoni<; peo ples yet resided on the Continent, crude in civilization, and worshipers of divers gods, of which Tiw, \Voden, Thor, Frea, Saetere, and Eastre spring readily to mind. -
Roman Varia Byzantine Empire
ROMAN VARIA 260 Æ 261 Æ 260 Black Sea Region. Roman Period. Ca. First-Third Century AD. Orichalchum Tessera. 12mm, 0.81 gm. Bull r., crescent on its back / Crescent with three stars above. Holed at 12:30 Good VF 100. 261 Magnentius (?) 350-353 AD. Tessera or Weight. 4.37 gm. An AE2 (Centenionalis) that has been altered to serve as a token or weight. The obverse has been completely smoothed and an edge-to-edge X-shaped cross neatly etched in (similar to that commonly seen on early Byzantine Nomisma weights) / Chi-rho, A-w. The edges have been cut down to conform to the desired size and weight, but a small snippet of legend is left on the Chi-rho side. Interesting. Deep olive-green Good VF 100. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 262 Æ 263 Æ 264 Æ 265 Æ 262 Justinian I, 527-565 AD. Follis, regnal year 15. Antioch, officina Γ. 39mm. Helmeted facing bust w/ globus cruciger, cross in field / Large M, cross above, star below regnal year; CHEyPo in ex. SB 219. Olive-brown. Clear facial features Good VF 125. 263 Follis, regnal year 26. Antioch, officina Γ. 35mm. Types similar to above. Rev. tHuΓv in ex. SB 221. Olive-green brown Good VF 100. 264 ½ Follis, regnal year 12. Nicomedia. Helmeted facing bust hldg globus cruciger, cross in field / Large K, cross above, NI below. SB 203. Typical weakness on upper face, otherwise sharply struck. Good VF 75. 265 Tiberias Constantine, 578-582 AD. ½ Follis. Constantinople, officina Γ. Helmeted facing bust holding globus cruciger / large XX, cross above; CONΓ in ex. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Walter E. Kaegi ——————————
oi.uchicago.edu/oi/AR/03-04/03-04_AR_TOC.html INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH Walter E. Kaegi Walter E. Kaegi continued to investigate, expand, and polish the embryo of his book manu- script The Dynamics of Muslim Invasions and Byzantine Resistance in North Africa. His book Heraclius Emperor of Byzantium, which Cambridge University Press published in 2003, contin- ues to sell well, his editor informs him. He published the following papers: “The Earliest Muslim Penetrations of Anatolia,” in Byzantine State and Society in Memory of Nikos Oikonomides, ed- ited by A. Avramea, A. Laiou, E. Chrysos (Athens, 2003), pp. 269–82; and “Les défaites de Byzance en Orient” and “Expansion musulmane. La conquête de l’Ouest” [French translations of “Religious Elements in Muslim Conquests” and “North Africa”] in Le Monde de la Bible (No. 154, November 2003): 14–19, 36–41. Kaegi also published some book reviews: “Review of Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 1,” by Irfan Shahid, in Journal of the American Oriental Society 123 (2003): 461–62; “Review of A Cumulative Bibliography of Medieval and Early Modern Military History and Technology, by K. DeVries,” for De Re Militari (2004): http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/REVIEWS/devries_cb.htm; and “Review of Armies of the Caliphs, by H. Kennedy, in International History Review 16 (2004): 105–07. Regarding publications now at press, Kaegi completed two articles that will appear in Byzantinische Forschungen 28 (2004): “The Interrelationship of Seventh-Century Muslim Raids into Anatolia with the Struggle for North Africa” and “Byzantine Studies Present and Future.” He also completed the following paper, “The Early Muslim Raids into Anatolia and Byzantine Reactions under Emperor Constans II,” which was accepted and will appear in the proceedings of the University of Erfurt (Germany) International Workshop on “The Encounter of Oriental Christianity with Islam in the 7th and 8th Centuries,” under the editorship of Emmanouela Grypeou. -
Hadrian the African: Fact Sheet / Time Line (Michael Wood)
HADRIAN THE AFRICAN – fact sheet Michael Wood, 2020 There is no separate in-depth account of Hadrian and his legacy. The key study of his life is by M Lapidge and B Bischoff Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian Cambridge 1994 pp82-132. To draw up this fact sheet/time line I have used this along with older studies starting with AS Cook in 1923, and added new finds made over the last few years, the latest by Franck Cinato in 2017. It mainly concentrates on what we might be able to deduce about his life and career in Africa and Naples before he came to England. For all his importance, Hadrian was till recently a poorly studied figure – not least because of the difficulty of finding evidence; but the one certainty is that more is to be discovered. My article on him comes out in the October issue of the BBC History magazine. Any comments or suggestions gratefully received! 1) Hadrian was born in North Africa (in the 620s?) and died in Canterbury on January 9 709 or 710. 2) He was of ‘African race” vir natione Afir (so Bede- Hadrian was alive till Bede was in his thirties.) NB the use of this term by the likes of Virgil, Martial and Statius: it is often specifically used by Latin poets to refer to a native of Libya. Maybe then he was a Berber/Amazigh? Probably as a fluent Greek speaker he was from the Greek-speaking part of North Africa – i.e. Cyrenaica; but where exactly we don’t know. -
Roman Art from the Louvre
Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre is organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Musée du Louvre. The exhibition is supported by an indemnity American Federation of Arts 305 East 47th Street, 10th floor from the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities. New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes scholarly exhibition cata- logues, and develops educational materials and programs. © 2007 American Federation of Arts All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational purposes. Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x226 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary Indianapolis Museum of Art September 23, 2007–January 6, 2008 Seattle Art Museum February 21–May 11, 2008 Oklahoma City Museum of Art June 19–October 12, 2008 Design/Production: Emily Lessard Front cover: Fragment of a Relief of a Double Suovetaurilia Sacrifice (detail), 1st or 2nd quarter of 1st century A.D. (no. 4) Back cover: Knife Handle in the Shape of a Thracian Gladiator, 2nd half of 1st century A.D. (no. 6) CONTENTS About This Resource 4 Exhibition Overview 5 Ancient Roman Society 6 History of Ancient Rome Government—The Emperor and the Senate Citizenship Non-Citizens—Foreigners, Slaves, and Freedmen Leisure 10 The Baths Roman Theater Circus Maximus The Amphitheater Religion 11 Guide to Roman Gods and Goddesses 13 Guide to Roman Vessel Forms 16 Interesting Facts about Ancient Rome 18 Selected Works of Art 19 1. -
E-Auction 6 Or by Mail, Email, Phone, Or Fax Closing Wednesday, August 27, 2014 Starting at 10Am CDT
Bid online at davcoin.com E-Auction 6 or by mail, email, phone, or fax Closing Wednesday, August 27, 2014 starting at 10am CDT It doesn’t need to be expensive to be interesting 13 Athens. 150/49 B.C. AR tetradrachm. 16.61 gm. 29 mm. New Style coinage. elcome to Davissons Ltd’s sixth E-Auction. In this sale we are pleased to offer Ammonios, Kallias, and Themisto magistrates. Helmeted head of Athena Wa wide selection of uncommon and attractive coins, estimated reasonably. right / Owl standing on an amphora, head facing forward; two torches Enlargements of all photos are available to view and bids can be placed online at to right; A - ΘE above, ΑΜΜ / ΩΝΙ / ΟΣ | ΚΑΛ / ΛΙΑΣ | ΘΕΜ / ΙΣΤΟ www.davcoin.com. And as always, we are available to discuss lots or place bids, via (magistrates names) in fields; Z on amphora, ME below. Thompson 588a. email, phone, or fax. Thank you for your interest! Near Very Fine; mild porosity; light toning. Well centered. $150 Allan, Marnie & Lief Davisson 7-25-14 14 CORINTHIA. Corinth. Fifth period, 345-307 B.C. AR stater. 8.59 gm. Email: [email protected] • Phone: (320) 685-3835 • FAX: (320) 685-8636 22 mm. Pegasus flying left, koppa below / Head of Athena left wearing ______________________________________ Corinthian helmet with wreath; A - P; to right, eagle standing left with head reverted. Calciati 426. Very Fine; good style; attractive rich old tone; not fully 1 BYZANTINE EMPIRE. Anastasius I. 491-518. AV tremissis. 1.43 gm. 16 struck on high points; well centered with the eagle symbol clear. -
Byzantine Foreign Policy During the Reign of Constans II
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2014 Byzantine Foreign Policy During the Reign of Constans II Joseph Morris University of Central Florida Part of the History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Morris, Joseph, "Byzantine Foreign Policy During the Reign of Constans II" (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4578. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4578 BYZANTINE FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE REIGN OF CONSTANS II by JOSEPH THOMAS MORRIS IV B.A. Florida State University, 2006 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2014 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the foreign policy of Constans II as the first Byzantine Emperor to rule after the initial Arab conquests in Syria-Palestine. His reign, 641-668, was the first reign of a Byzantine Emperor where the entire reign was subject to Arab raids and invasions. Constans II also had to contend with the Slavs in Thessalonica and Greece and the Lombards in Italy. To complicate matters more, Constans II was forced to cope with the religious division between the eastern and western churches due to Monothelitism in the East. -
GLORIA EXERCITVS – Emperors Available in Both 1 & 2 Standard
GLORIA EXERCITVS – Emperors available in both 1 & 2 standard varieties at Aquileia each mint unless marked: (1) = 1 standard G Constantine the Great only; (2) = 2 standards only G Constantine II (1) Lyons G Constantine II as Caesar G Constantine the Great G Constantius II (1) G Constantine II (1) G Constantius II as Caesar G Constantine II as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constantius II (1) G Constans as Caesar G Constantius II as Caesar G Delmatius as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constans as Caesar (2) Siscia G Delmatius as Caesar (1) G Constantine the Great G Constantine II (1) Trier G Constantine II as Caesar G Constantine the Great G Constantius II (1) G Constantine II (1) G Constantius II as Caesar G Constantine II as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constantius II (1) G Constans as Caesar G Constantius II as Caesar G Delmatius as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constans as Caesar Thessalonica G Delmatius as Caesar (1) G Constantine the Great G Constantine II (1) Arles G Constantine II as Caesar G Constantine the Great G Constantius II (1) G Constantine II (1) G Constantius II as Caesar G Constantine II as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constantius II (1) G Constans as Caesar G Constantius II as Caesar G Delmatius as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constans as Caesar Heraclea G Delmatius as Caesar G Constantine the Great G Constantine II (1) Rome G Constantine II as Caesar G Constantine the Great G Constantius II (1) G Constantine II (1) G Constantius II as Caesar G Constantine II as Caesar G Constans (1) G Constantius II (1) G Constans as Caesar G Constantius II as Caesar -
361 34. the Comneni and the Rulers of Trebizond and Cyprus
Alexius I; post-reform coinage (1092-1118). 34. The Comneni and the rulers of Trebizond and Cyprus. Constantinople; billon trachy (1092-1093). IwåñCâT +KñROHíñI. Alexius I; pre-reform coinage (1081-1092). Standing figures of Christ, to right, crowning John II, who holds labarum and globus cruciger. Thessalonica; follis (1081-1092). +ããñïIwåñ ñIPHNIãVRv (or similar). M-P í-V. Alexius and Irene standing facing, both wearing Facing bust of the Virgin, nimbate, wearing tunic crown and loros and holding patriarchal cross and maphorion; facing bust of Christ on breast. between them. + ããñïI åñCâOTTwK (or similar). Alexius standing facing, wearing crown and loros and holding labarum and globus cruciger. 34.3.* H. pl. 6.10-11. 3.08 gms. 170. 34.1.* 328.90. H. pl. 3.1, Gr. 1024. 6.29 gms. 180. 434.94. Thessalonica. Tetarteron; (1092-1118). Uncertain mint; follis (1081-1092). M-P í-V. Facing bust of the Virgin, nimbate, orans, wearing tunic and maphorion. IC XC – NI Kã in corners of cross on three steps. +ã ãñC. Bust of Alexius I facing wearing crown +/CñPCVN/ñPàñIBã/CIãñIãã/ñzIw. and chlamys and labarum on shaft and globus cruciger. 34.4. 34.2.* H. pl. 8.9. H. pl. 3.3, Gr. 1030. 4.61 gms. 210. 3.16 gms. 180. 450.94. 733.01.1 361 Lead half tetarteron (1092). Half length figures of Christ and Alexius holding labarum standard between them. 34.8. Ããñ. Half length figures of Alexius and Irene H. pl. 19.2. holding cross between them. 3.34 gms. 180. 278.89. 34.5.