21. II (641-668).

21.4. ; 40 nummi. Officina å.

D. O. 60d, MIB 162c. D. O. Class I (641-643). ñNTÕTO NIKA. 4.35 gms. 230. 806.02. Standing figure holding long and . m between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; regnal year preceded by officina letter below. Mule: Class 5 of with Class 1 of Constans.

Regnal year 1 (641/2).

21.5.* 21.1. 4.56 gms. 150. 512.95. Officina à. D. O. 59c, MIB 162a. 5.04 gms. 200. 251.88.1

D. O. Class 2 (642-643). ñNTÕTO NIKA.

Standing figure holding long cross and globus cruciger.

m; A/N/A above, O/ú/A to left and N/ñ/O/S to

right; regnal year preceded by officina letter 21.2. below. Officina å.

D. O. 59d, MIB 162a. Regnal year 2 (642/3). 5.86 gms. 210.

804.02.

21.6. Officina å.

D. O. 61d, MIB 163a. 4.37 gms. 190. 2 Regnal year 2 (642/3). 1028.05.

21.3. Officina A. 21.7. D. O. 60a, MIB 162a. Officina ñ.

4.43 gms. 220. D. O. 61e, MIB 163a. 805.02. 4.76 gms. 180. 1302.07.

292

Class 2 bis (643-644). INPñR CONSt.

Bust facing wearing with cross and chlamys and holding a globus cruciger. 21.11. M between A/N/A and II/I (regnal year 3; 643/4), Officina ñ. officina letter (à) beneath, NñO1 below. D. O. - , MIB 165. 4.18 gms. 190. 267.89.4

21.8.

MIB 166.

5.32 gms. 200. Class 4 bis (651-652). ….. CON … . 1303.07.

Bust facing, bearded, holding globus cruciger. M between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; officina letter beneath, IA (regnal year 11) below.

D. O. Class 3 (643-644). ñNTÕT ONIKA.

Standing figure facing holding long cross and globus cruciger. 21.12. Officina å. M, A/N/A above, +/III/+ (regnal year 3; 643/4) D. O. - , MIB 169. to left, NñOS to right, officina letter (ñ) below. 3.58 gms. 210. 729.01.

21.9. D. O. - , MIB 164.

4.39 gms. 220. 237.88.3

21.13.*

Officina ñ. D. O. - , MIB - . 3.61 gms. 210. Class 3 ter (643-644). ñNTÕTO NIKA 131.86.

Standing figure facing holding long cross and globus cruciger. m; A/N/A to left, NñOS above, II/I (regnal year 3 643/4) to right, officina letter beneath.

21.10.

Officina A. D. O. - , MIB 165. 5.33 gms. 180. 1292.06.

293

D. O. Class 5 (651-656). ñNTÕT O NIKA.

Standing figure facing with long beard holding long 21.17. cross and globus cruciger. Officina B. D. O. 76b, MIB 172. M A N A N ñ O S between / / and / / / ; officina letter 2.88 gms. 180. beneath, regnal year below. 807.02.

Regnal year 11 (IA; 651/2).

D. O. Class 8 (655-668). No obverse legend.

Two standing facing figures. 21.14. M, regnal year 16 (X/uI; 656/7) to right, K above, å Officina . officina letter (A) beneath, CON below. D. O. 69d, MIB 170b. 4.02 gms. 200. 5 297.89.

21.18.

D. O. - , MIB 174d. Regnal year 12 (XII; 652/3). 3.22 gms. 190. 808.02.

21.15.

Officina å. D. O. (70b), MIB 170b. 2.99 gms. 220. D. O. Class 9 (659-665). No obverse legend. 1004.05. Standing facing figure with long beard wearing helmet with plume and cuirass and holding long cross; I/í to left, M, with officina letter beneath, to right.

Three standing facing figures each wearing Regnal year 14 (XIIII; 654/5). chlamys and crown with cross and holding a globus cruciger.

Regnal year 19 (659/660). 21.16.* Officina ñ.

D. O. - , MIB 170c. 3.28 gms. 200. 972.04. 21.19.* Officina B.

D. O. (82b), MIB 175. 3.52 gms. 000.

1006.05. D. O. Class 6 (655-657). ñNTÕT O NIKA.

Standing facing figure with long beard. M between K/w/N and C/T/A/N; officina letter beneath, regnal year below.

Regnal year 16 (X/1; 656/7).

294

D. O. Class 9 (659-665). No obverse legend.

Regnal year 19 (659/660). 21.23. Officina A. D. O. - , MIB 177a. 3.93 gms. 000. 21.20. 840.02. Officina letter illegible. D. O. 82, MIB 175. 4.06 gms, 000.

1007.05.

21.24. D. O. Class 10 (665-666). No obverse legend. Officina A.

D. O. - , MIB 177a. Two standing figures; Constans, with long beard, in 3.86 gms. 180. military uniform and holding long cross; 1005.05. Constantine wearing chlamys; X/X/ñ to right.

M between two standing figures; officina letter beneath, CON below.

Constantinople; 20 nummi.

D. O. Class 2 (circa 642-646). No obverse legend.

21.21.* Bust facing wearing chlamys and crown with cross. Officina A. K between A/N/A and N/ñ, å beneath. D. O. (n. a.), MIB 176a. 4.26 gms. 180. 1358.08. 21.25.* D. O. 91a, MIB 181. 3.38 gms. 030. 2032.14.

21.22. D. O. Class 6 (circa 660-668). No obverse legend. Officina à.

D. O. 87b , MIB 176a. Bust facing, with long beard; K to right. 4.64 gms. 220. K between A/N/A and N to right, officina letter 714.01. beneath.

21.26. D. O. Class 11 (666-668). No obverse legend. Officina å.

D. O. 95c, MIB 185. Bust facing with long beard and wearing helmet 1.91 gms. 190. with cross within plume; K to right. 815.02.

M; busts of Heraclius, and Constantine to left, right and above; officina letter beneath.

295

Constantinople; 10 nummi. ; 12 nummi.

D. O. 96-100 (660-665). No obverse legend. MIB 188 (641-642). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, with long beard; K to right. Bust facing, beardless, wearing crown with cross I, regnal year to left, officina letter to right, and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. CON below. I B, cross above M between, AΛñz below.

Regnal year 20 (660/61).

21.30. D. O. 7 (Heraclonas). 21.27. 9.52 gms. 180. Officina à. 43.84. D. O. 96, MIB 186. 2.82 gms. 190. 749.01.

MIB 189 (D. O. Class 1) (645-646). Regnal year 21 (661/2). No obverse legend.

Standing figure wearing crown with cross and 21.28. chlamys and holding staff and globus cruciger. Officina letter illegible. D. O. 97 (officina A), I B, on globe between, with pellets on MIB 186. either side, AΛñz below. 2.21 gms. 180. 663.99.

21.31.* D. O. 105. Thessalonica; 40 nummi. 8.49 gms. 180. 782.02. D. O. 102-104 (666-668). No obverse legend.

Bust facing with long beard and wearing helmet with cross within plume; K to right.

M; busts of Heraclius, Tiberius and Constantine to left, right and above; í below.

21.32. 21.29.* D. O. 105.

7.52 gms. 140. D. O. 104 var., MIB 178d. 258.88. 4.83 gms. 180. 1350.08.

296

Alexandria; 12 nummi. D. O. 140 (ABAZ or similar). No obverse legend.

MIB 190 (D. O. Class 2) (645-646). Bust facing; palm to left; sometimes star above ñ No obverse legend. to right. M between I and B; pseudo-mint mark below. Standing figure wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding staff and globus cruciger. I B, cross potent on globe between, AΛñz below.

21.36.* OBã. MIB x35. 21.33. 8.18 gms. 180. D. O. 106. 1918.13. 8.91 gms. 210. 1959.13.

21.37.

ãBãz. Pseudo-Imperial issues (circa 640-690). MIB x35. 7.21 gms. 200. Standing figure wearing crown and chlamys and 858.02.8 holding long cross and globus cruciger or cross; sometimes star to right.

I B, cross potent on globe between, pseudo-mint mark below.

21.38.* Phillips 11. No obverse legend. ABAz.

MIB x35.

4.78 gms. 160.

2025.14. 21.34.*

Ããñ .. . MIB x37. 6.12 gms. 010. 789.02.6 MIB 90. Obverse legend illegible.

Profile bust right. M between I and B; ããñz below.

D. O. 131-139 (Fustat). No obverse legend.

21.39.* 1.84 gms. 310. 21.35.* 1449.09. MAC .. .

MIB x36.

3.08 gms. 180. Uncertain mint; (D. O. 142-143): see Addendum. 770.02.7

297

Carthage; D. O. Class 1 (641-643).

20 nummi. ñN TÕT ONIKA. 21.43.* Standing figure wearing crown with cross, cuirass D.O. 138, MIB 196b. and paludamentum and holding long cross and 5.11 gms. 250. globus cruciger. 715.01.

K between ; CRT1 below.

10 nummi. CONSTAN TINVSPPA.

Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys 21.40. and holding globus cruciger. V V D. O. 135, MIB 195. with cross between.

7.39 gms. 130. 214.88.9

21.44. D. O. 141, MIB 201a.

3.17 gms. 320. 230.88.

21.41. D. O. 135, MIB 195. ; D. O. Class 4 (647-659).

4.90 gms. 270. 343.90. 20 nummi. DNCONS TANTP (or similar).

Bust facing wearing consular dress and holding mappa and globus cruciger.

Cross between C/X and T/X each with pellet above; star above cross. Carthage; D. O. Class 2 (643-647).

20 nummi. DNCONST ANTINVS (or similar).

Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys 21.45.* and holding globus cruciger. D. O. 144, MIB 198a.

5.64 gms. 180. Cross between X and X, CRT1 below. 655.99.

21.42.

D.O. 138, MIB 196a.

7.50 gms. 040.

65.84. 21.46.* D. O. 145, MIB 198c. 4.91 gms. 140. 109.85.

298

Carthage; D. O. Class 5 (659-668). Bust facing wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding a globus cruciger. 40 nummi. No obverse legend. m between A/N/A and N/ñ/O/S; SC| below. Two standing figures; Constans, with long beard, in military uniform and holding long cross and Constantine wearing chlamys.

M between figures of Heraclius and Tiberius 21.50.* wearing crown and chlamys; Heraclian monogram Officina letter illegible. above, CT1 below. MIB 204. 4.30 gms. 220. 18.83.

21.47.* D. O. 147, MIB 194.

4.53 gms. 020. D. O. Class I (643-647). No obverse legend. 394.91. Bust facing, beardless, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. M, Heraclian monogram above.

20 nummi. No obverse legend.

Two facing busts; Constans with long beard. Facing busts of Heraclius and Tiberius, XX below. 21.51. D. O. 176, MIB 205. 5.02 gms. 170. 140.86.

21.48. D. O. 148, MIB 199.

5.82 gms. 090.

657.99.

D. O. Class 2 (647-650). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, with short beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. 10 nummi. No obverse legend. M, Heraclian monogram above.

Two facing busts; Constans with long beard. Facing busts of Heraclius and Tiberius, X below.

21.49. 21.52. D. O. (149), MIB 203. D. O. 177a, MIB 206.

1.40 gms. 230. 6.04 gms. 190. 390.91. 141.86.10

Sicily; 40 nummi.

First coinage (642-643); 40 nummi. INPñR CONSt.

299

D. O. Class 3 (650-651). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. M, Heraclian monogram above, SCL below. 21.55. D. O. 180, MIB 209.

4.97 gms. 170. 1325.07.

21.53. D. O. 178, MIB 207.

4.35 gms. 140. 11 142.86.

21.56. D. O. 180, MIB 209. 4.46 gms. 180. D. O. Class 4 (652-653). No obverse legend. 675.00.

Standing figure wearing crown with cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger; I/N/å to right, I/A to left.

M, Heraclian monogram above, SCL below. D. O. Class 6 (659-668). No obverse legend.

Two standing figures; Constans, with a long beard, wears military uniform and holds a long cross.

21.54. M between figures of Heraclius and Tiberius each Indictional year 11 wearing chlamys and crown with cross; Heraclian (652/3). monogram above, SCL below. D. O. 179, MIB 208. 5.66 gms. 180. 471.95.

21.57. D. O. 181, MIB 210.

6.65 gms. 180. 402.92.

D. O. Class 5 (654-659). No obverse legend.

Two standing figures; Constans, with a long beard, wears military uniform and holds long staff. M, Heraclian monogram above, SCL below. 21.58. D. O. 181, MIB 210. 2.31 gms. 180.

1015.05.

300

Sicily; 20 nummi. 21.62. D. O. Class 3 (651-652). No obverse legend. Indictional year 4 (660/61).

Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with D. O. 184, MIB 213. cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger; 1.71 gms. 180. palm leaf in left field. 665.00.

K in monogram form between A/N and I. Sicily; 10 nummi.

D. O. Class 3 (651-652). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with 21.59.* cross and chlamys; globus cruciger to left. Indictional year 10 I between A/N and N/O/I. (651/2).

D. O. 183, MIB 212. 5.29 gms. 180. 21.63. 12 2015.14. Indictional year 10

(651/2). D. O. 185, MIB 214. 2.47 gms. 170. 1410.08.

Rome; 20 nummi. 21.60. Indictional year 10 D. O. Class 1 (645-646). (651/2). [DNCO]VIT INSVICI (blundered).

D. O. 183, MIB 212. 3.99 gms. 180. Bust facing, beardless, wearing crown with cross 847.02. on circlet and chlamys and holding globus cruciger.

K, regnal year 5 (u; 645/6) to right, ROM below.

D. O. Class 6 (664-665). No obverse legend. 21.64. D. O. (193), MIB 218.

3.14 gms. 000. Two busts facing each wearing crown with cross 2019.14. and chlamys and holding globus crucigers; Constans with long beard.

K between +/A/N and N/O/å. D. O. Class 2 (646-650). No obverse legend.

Bust facing, with short beard, wearing crown with

cross on circlet and chlamys. 21.61. XX, ROM below. Indictional year 4

(660/61).

D. O. 184, MIB 213. 2.28 gms. 150. 21.65. D. O. 194, MIB 217. 472.95. 4.31 gms. 200. 274.89.

301

Rome; 10 nummi.

D. O. Class 1 (641-647). No obverse legend. 21.39b.

1.97 gms. 000. Bust facing, with long beard, wearing crown with 2099.16. cross and chlamys and holding globus cruciger. X between I and M; star beneath.

21.66.* D. O. (198), MIB 223a. 21.39c. 1.63 gms. 330. 13 1.08 gms. 144.86. 2100.16.

Uncertain mint; countermarked follis. REFERENCES AND GENERAL NOTES Schulze Class 4. The ordering of the Constantinople folles of Constans II follows Grierson, Byzantine Coins (1982). Although published a year later than MIB 21.67.* volume 3, it does not take full account of the D. O. 211, MIB Km. 1. listing in the latter, omitting, notably, MIB 165. Schulze Class 2b and For consistency, the two specimens of MIB 165 Class 3 countermarks (regnal year 3) are termed Class 2 ter. Hence, applied to the right D. O. is both applied and omitted in relation to use field of the reverse of a of the term class. year 20 Constantinople follis of Heraclius from The placing of the facing bust year 3 follis with the the first officina (D. O. denominational mark M (Class 2, bis; 21.8), given 105a); (11.22 gms). by D. O. to Heraclonas, remains something of a 184.87. numismatic conundrum.

There is no example of the large D. O. Class 4 follis (644-651) in the catalogue but a specimen was acquired early in 2016 (D. O. 64e - regnal year 5;

officina ñ).

Addendum: Cast coins of an uncertain Egyptian 21.5. The date and officina letter are obscured but mint (possibly Panopolis); (D. O. 142-143). A/N/A N/ñ can be clearly made out. Judging by

its size, the obverse die probably belongs to the Two busts facing, long cross between. late . A w or w A with long cross between, âAN 21.13. MIB does not note the fifth officina. (sometimes retrograde) below. 21.16. MIB 170c: above M.

21.19-20. The date arrangement I/í stands for regnal year 19 (659/660). The officina letter on the first coin is probably a B, but this is not certain. On the second coin no such letter can be made out 21.39a.* anywhere on the coin. The figures on the reverse 2.11 gms. 000. 14 are the ’s three sons – Heraclius, 2098.16. Constantine and Tiberius. 21.21-22. The regnal date is again on the obverse

with Heraclius and Tiberius shown on the reverse. 21.25. Constans is beardless. See the footnote to D. O. 91a – a coin which is unusually heavy (3.15 gms). This coin is heavier still (3.38 gms) but they

302 are stylistically dissimilar. The reading of officina 21.59. For the Syracuse half folles and their dating å is not certain. It was possibly found on Cyprus. by indiction, see Bendall, S., La datation des 21.25-28. On all these issues Constans holds a monnaies de bronze de Constant II à Syracuse, globus cruciger in his right hand but it is seldom Bulletin de la Société Française de Numismatique clearly visible on the fractions. (1975), pp. 834-5. 21.29. Constans holds a long cross on base. The 21.66. There is no obverse legend and the globus letter beneath the M is probably í rather than A. cruciger is quite clear. Thus the coin seems to be a The attribution to Thessalonica (resting on the í variety of D. O. (198). But, as MIB makes clear, which is clearer on some specimens) is uncertain; there are a number of varieties and this is of little MIB gives the coin to Constantinople. significance. 21.31-33. The form of both the crown and the 21.67. See Schulze, W., Countermarking in device held in the Emperor’s right hand seem to Seventh Century , Part I: Countermarking vary but are not clear on these specimens. Both from before the Arab Conquest, Supplement to MIB and D. O. distinguish the types by the Oriental Numismatic Society Journal 183, which presence, or absence, of the two pellets on the sets out the complex arguments about the origin reverse. of the two countermarks. Grierson (D. O.) doubts that the countermarks were applied post-641 Alexandria: pseudo-Imperial issues. while MIB attributes the Class 3 (fresher) countermark to Constans. Schulze prefers the first Phillips, J. R., The Byzantine bronze coinage of interpretation, suggesting that the double Alexandria in the seventh century, Numismatic countermarking reflected the successive conquest Chronicle seventh series, volume II (1962) pp. 225- of towns by the Arabs (and the resulting migration 241. Foss, C., Arab-Byzantine Coins. An of small change). The second countermark might Introduction with a Catalogue of the Dumbarton have been applied in Caesarea prior to its fall in Oaks Collection, Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine 640. Collection Publications 12, 2008 (D. O.). 21.34. Probably a straightforward imitation of 1 Ex I. T. Roper collection. Bendall, S., A mid Constans II (MIB 190). seventh century hoard of Byzantine folles, 21.35. D. O. (Foss) gives to Fustat (Arabic - Masr). Numismatic Circular, July/August 1967, pp. 198- 21.36-38. See Foss (pp. 103-104) who notes the 200, no. 10 (plate coin). Sear, D., Byzantine Coins removal of and advances an and their Values, no. 1000 (plate coin). interesting explanation for the pseudo-mint 2 Baldwins, August 2005. signature. The coins may also have been struck at 3 Bendall, S., A Turkish Hoard, Numismatic Circular Fustat. 1967, no. 31 (this coin). 21.38. Circle above M. 4 Baldwins, February 1989. Bendall, S., A mid 21.39. Uncertain period – possibly as early as seventh century hoard (op. cit.). Also, Bendall, S., (602-610). A new follis of Constans II, Numismatic Circular, 21.39a-c. An Ecclesiastical issue is also possible November 1970, p. 448. A w 5 with having eschatological significance in Baldwins, September 1989. view of the disquiet caused by the Arab victories. 6 Baldwins, April 2002, ex J. R. Phillips collection

with his ticket stating – Presented by G. C. Haines, 21.43. MIB 196b – pellet above each X. November 1959. 21.45. Almost certainly overstruck on a half follis 7 Baldwins, February 2002, ex J. R. Phillips of Class 2, see D. O. 144.1; although the collection. overstriking has obscured the crown, this practice 8 Baldwins, November 2002, ex J. R. Phillips seems to be a particular feature of the trefoil on collection. circlet type (D. O. Class 4a). 9 Baldwins, January 1988 (with their ticket), ex 21.46. Cross on crown (D. O. Class 4b). Philip Grierson collection. 21.47. The mint mark is partly retrograde and 10 V. C. Vecchi sale number 12, October 1986, ex blundered. lot 963. 21.50. D. O. (9f) gives the coin to Heraclonas. This 11 is no longer tenable but Grierson (1982) suggests Sternberg, 16 November 1979, lot 147. V. C. that the coins may have been produced in Vecchi sale number 12, October 1986, ex lot 963. 12 Senatus Consulto Ancient Coins, March 2014. Constantinople for use on Sicily. The officina 13 letter, which follows the mint signature, is illegible V. C. Vecchi sale number 12, October 1986, ex lot 963. in this case. 14 21.53. Overstruck on a Class 2 follis of Syracuse, This and the following two coins from probably cut-down. Numismatik Naumann, February 2016. 303