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PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG” Phase 2 FINAL REPORT

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PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG” Phase 2 FINAL REPORT ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﻟﻮﺟﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﯿﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﯿﺎه واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG” DEEP PREPARATION AND IMPROVED RESPONSE CAPACITY TO ADDRESS THE WATER SHORTAGES AFFECTING PALESTINIAN COMMUNITIES IN THE WEST BANK THROUGH INCREASED EFFECTIVENESS OF CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION AND INSTITUTIONS IN THE COORDINATION AND MONITORING OF WATER RESOURCES, WATER AND SANITATION. Phase 2 FINAL REPORT March 2019 WASH Assessment 2018 Page 1 Prepared & Written by: Project and Team Leader: Dr. Ayman Rabi Project Coordinator: Eng. Abdulrauf Aburahma GIS and Database Manager: Abdallah Abdelrazeq Field Survey Team: Sahira Gh. Kusa Joudeh Abdelaziz WASH Assessment 2018 Page 2 Table of Contents: TABLES OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................. 4 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 6 I: Background .......................................................................................................................................... 9 II: Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 11 1. Selecting the Target Communities .............................................................................................. 11 2. Creation of a coordination group ............................................................................................... 11 3. Data collection tools on water and sanitation ............................................................................ 11 4. Data Base Design ....................................................................................................................... 11 5. Data processing, analysis and storage into the database ............................................................ 11 6. Data dissemination and accessibility .......................................................................................... 11 III: Availability and Accessibility to Water and Sanitation in Palestine .................................................... 13 1. Water Resources:....................................................................................................................... 13 2. Water Supply Quantity and Service Coverage ............................................................................ 14 3. Wastewater Situation ................................................................................................................ 15 4. Water Governance ..................................................................................................................... 16 IV: Major Findings of the WASH Situation in the 55 Communities and Proposed Response .................... 18 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 18 2. Water Supply Quantity and Quality ............................................................................................ 18 3. Water Service Condition and Reliability...................................................................................... 19 4. Wastewater and Solidwaste Serivce Conditions ......................................................................... 23 5. Gender and Water ..................................................................................................................... 24 6. Major WASH Needs ................................................................................................................... 24 APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX–A: Surveyed Communities ............................................................................................ 30 APPENDIX–B: Questionnaire ………………………………………………………………………… 33 APPENDIX–C: Tables and Maps ...................................................................................................... 36 WASH Assessment 2018 Page 3 TABLES OF FIGURES Figure1: Service coverage in both West Bank and Gaza ....................................................................................... 15 Figure 2:Volume of treated effluent that flows west and east and its treatment condition ................................. 16 Figure 3: Supplied versus needed water quantities.............................................................................................. 18 Figure 4: Supply and needs of each community ................................................................................................... 19 Figure 5: Monthly Water Supply Frequency ......................................................................................................... 20 Figure 6: Water Pressure in the Network ............................................................................................................. 20 Figure 7: Comparing water price from network versus tankers............................................................................ 21 Figure 8: Per capita daily water use ..................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 9: Water Losses ......................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 10: Access to Water and Sanitation ........................................................................................................... 22 Figure 11: Water Network coverage .................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 12: Solid Waste Disposal ........................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 13: Geneder Representation in WASH ...................................................................................................... 24 WASH Assessment 2018 Page 4 Acronyms ACPP Asamblea de Cooperacio’n por la Paz CA Civil Administration CM Cubic Meters (m2) CMWU Coastal Municipalities Water Utility EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency GS Gaza Strip GDP Gross Domestic Product ICJ International Court of Justice ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross INGOs International Non-governmental Organizations JWC Joint Water Committee JWU Jerusalem Water Undertaking LCD Litres per capita per day M&A Movement and Access MAS Palestinian Economic Policy Research Institute MCM Million Cubic Meters MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health NGO Non-governmental Organization NIS New Israeli Shekel NSU Negotiations Support Unit NWC National Water Council OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OPt Occupied Palestinian Territory PA or PNA Palestinian National Authority PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PHG Palestinian Hydrology Group PWA Palestinian Water Authority UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency USAID United States Agency for International Development WaSH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WaSH MP Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Monitoring Program WBGS West Bank and Gaza Strip WBWD West Bank Water Department WHO World Health Organization WASH Assessment 2018 Page 5 Executive Summary Water availability and access to the Palestinian communities have deteriorated over the past decade due to increased Israeli restriction and policies that limited the Palestinian ability from developing and managing their water resources properly. Since the signature of Oslo Interim Agreement back in 1995, water made available to Palestinians has dropped by 14 MCM, it was 118 MCM at the time of signature, the figure that was also agreed in the interim agreement to nearly 104 MCM in 2015. This reduction combined with other Israeli policies have influenced the supply quantities from Palestinian local water resources as well as limited per capita water use to vary from 70 l/day in the best cases to as low as 20l/d in the marginal communities and increased the reliance of Palestinians to the purchased water from Israeli company making their water security very law and bound to the Israeli merit. Moreover, poor services related to water supply and limitation on physical infrastructure for both water and wastewater have left nearly 68% of the population in the West Bank not served with wastewater collection and treatment systems. Despite all the efforts made by the Palestinian Government to coup with this difficult situation including sector reform, adopting a new water law and developing long and short term strategies, the water and sanitation situation remains fragile since the final say is within the Israeli hands and subject to their approval. This situation clearly tells that ending Israeli occupation is a prerequisite for Palestinians to be able develop and prosper and assuming full sovereignty over their land and natural resources. Under these circumstances the current project titled "Deep preparation and improved response capacity to address the water shortages affecting Palestinian communities in the West Bank through increased effectiveness of civil
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