Ostracoda of Moss Town Blue Hole, Great Exuma Island, Great Bahama Bank (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopa)

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 121(2):237–268. 2008. Ostracoda of Moss Town Blue Hole, Great Exuma Island, Great Bahama Bank (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Myodocopa)

Louis S. Kornicker*, Thomas M. Iliffe, and Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson (LSK & EHN) MRC 163, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, U.S.A.; (TMI) Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, 77553-1675, U.S.A.

Abstract.—Eight species of myodocopid Ostracoda (six Myodocopina, one Halocypridina, and one Cladocopina) are reported from 30 to 60 m depths in Moss Town Blue Hole, an ocean blue hole located in a bay on the west side of Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Great Bahama Bank. The collection from Moss Town Blue Hole contained no new species, but five species had not been reported previously from the blue holes of Great Exuma Island, and three species had not been reported previously from the blue holes of the Exuma Cays. The collection provided the opportunity to describe the adult male and female, as well as early instars, of Eusarsiella fax and Metapolycope duplex, and the adult female of Eusarsiella merx,and also, to compare the ostracode populations in the various niches in the Exumas.

Eight species of myodocopid Ostracoda collection, Deeveya medix Kornicker, (six Myodocopina, one Halocypridina, 1990, had previously been collected only and one Cladocopina) are reported from in inland blue holes in the Bahamas. It is 30 to 60 m depths in Moss Town Blue the second species of the genus to be Hole, an ocean blue hole located in a bay reported from both inland and ocean blue on the west coast of Great Exuma Island, holes in the Bahamas. The only species of Exuma Cays, Great Bahama Bank Cladocopina in the collection, Metapoly- (Fig. 1). Two of the species of Myodoco- cope duplex Kornicker & Iliffe, 1989, had pina, Skogsbergia lerneri (Kornicker, been collected previously only in inland 1958), and Harbansus paucichelatus (Kor- anchialine caves in Bermuda. It is the nicker, 1958) had been reported previous- second benthic myodocopid reported ly from both Bahamian ocean blue holes from both the Bahamas and Bermuda, and the Bahama platform, and one and the first Cladocopina. Early instars of species of Myodocopina Asteropteron M. duplex have valves with fewer ante- chelisparsa (Kornicker, 1958) had been roventral serrations than later instars. reported previously from the Bahama The adult male and female of Eusarsiella platform. Two species of Myodocopina, fax and the adult female of E. merx are Eusarsiella merx Kornicker et al., 2002, described for the first time herein. Also and E. fax Kornicker et al., 2007, had described are early instars of E. fax. been reported previously from other Station data with specimens collected.— ocean blue holes in the Bahamas. The Sta 03-012, 14 Jan 2003, Moss Town Blue only species of Halocypridina in the Hole, Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; collected with suction bottle, * Corresponding author. plankton net, and vials (from 30–45 m 238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 1. Distribution of inland and ocean blue holes in the vicinity of the Exuma Cays and Great Exuma Island. depths for the plankton tow and 60 m mens; Cylindroleberidinae gen. indet., 1 depth for suction bottle and vials); juvenile. maximum depth reached in the cave was Previous work in vicinity of Great 60 m. Specimens: Asteropteron chelis- Exuma Island.—Moss Town Blue Hole parsa, 3 juveniles; Deeveya medix, 1 adult lies in a shallow bay at Moss Town on the male; Eusarsiella fax, 11 specimens; Eu- west side of Great Exuma Island, located sarsiella merx, 1 adult male, 1 adult on the Great Bahama Bank close to the female, 6 instar I; Harbansus paucichela- southwestern end of Exuma Sound. The tus, 2 specimens; Metapolycope duplex,25 ostracodes collected in two additional specimens; Skogsbergia lerneri, 7 speci- ocean blue holes off Great Exuma Island VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 239 have been described: Master Harbor Blue located in or with direct connection to the Hole from the east side of the island sea, have strong tidal currents and gener- (Kornicker et al. 2002), and The Subway ally contain organisms also living in the on the west coast (Kornicker et al. 2007). open waters. Some ocean blue holes have Several cays are located off the eastern been found by cave divers to connect to side of Great Exuma Island. The ostra- inland caves, suggesting an environmental codes collected in ocean blue holes in the and ecological continuum between those vicinity of three of the cays have been two habitat types. described: 1) three blue holes off Stocking In the Bahamas, long, narrow islands Island (Mystery Cave, Angelfish Blue such as Great Exuma are located along Hole, and Bottomly’s Blue Hole); 2) one the margins of large, shallow water blue hole off Crab Cay (Crab Cay platforms called banks. As such, one side Crevasse), and 3) one blue hole off Sugar of the island faces the shallow bank, while Cay (Sugar Cay Blue Hole) (see Kor- the opposite side borders deep waters of nicker et al. 2007, table 3). Ostracodes oceanic depths. Tides are delayed on the were also reported from a ledge at 8 m bank side such that sea levels across the depth just outside the cave entrance of island are consistently out of phase with Angelfish Blue Hole, which is located on each other. Ocean blue holes thus serve as the southwest side of Stocking Island tidal conduits with reversing water cur- (Kornicker & Iliffe 2000:12). rents. The walls in such caves are covered The ostracodes collected in one inland with sponges, hydroids and other encrust- anchialine cave in Great Exuma Island ing marine life, and cave water masses (Basil Minn’s Blue Hole) and two inland exchange with the sea each tidal cycle. anchialine caves in two cays making up Walls of inland caves are bare in contrast the string of islands extending northwest and may be hydrological dead ends, with from Great Exuma and known as the water remaining within the cave for at Exuma Cays: 1) Great Guana Cay (Oven least months to years. Rock Cave), and 2) Norman’s Pond Cay Moss Town Blue Hole (23u31.969N, (Norman’s Pond Cave) have been 75u50.909W) is situated at the south side described (see Kornicker et al. 2007, of an inland bay connected to the bank table 3). side of Great Exuma Island by tidal The Great Bahama Bank is dissected creeks (Fig. 1). The entrance consists of by several steep-sided submarine canyons a circular submerged sinkhole with a which reach oceanic depths, including steep rubble slope extending down from Exuma Sound. The upper rim of the the surface to 60 m depths where a low southwestern edge of Exuma Sound off but level passageway begins. This passage Lee Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, is a was only explored for a short distance due steep escarpment that bears notches, to the depth, but appears to continue ledges, and rock overhangs. Myodocopid for some distance. Significant tidal flow ostracodes collected on the escarpment moves through the cave, as evidenced by off Lee Stocking Island and Georgetown, the coarse gravel floor at depth and Great Exuma Island, at depths of 62– abundant filter-feeding marine growth. 240 m have been reported by Kornicker Dives were conducted in the cave at slack & Iliffe 2000. tide, and samples taken by stirring or Discussion.—Anchialine inland caves scooping up bottom sediments and filter- generally are remotely connected to the ing water through a 93 mmmeshplank- sea, have minimal water currents and ton net or by collecting observed animals contain organisms usually restricted to directly in individual vials. Several other caves. In contrast, ocean blue holes are deep blue holes in the vicinity of Moss 240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Town also reach depths approaching Poulsen 1962); Roman numerals identify 60 m and have significant tidal currents endites; Arabic numbers generally identi- moving through them, suggesting the fy article numbers; unlabeled arrows existence of a complex of deep cave either point to anterior of animal, or passages in this area. Unfortunately, these draw attention to a feature; stippling in other sites have not yet been biologically internal shafts generally indicates scler- sampled. ites; dashed internal shafts indicate mus- The anchialine inland caves in the cles; stippling in eyes and upper lip Bahamas contain ostracodes in the sub- indicate color. The following abbrevia- orders Halocypridina and Cladocopina, tions are used in figures and legends: am, but none from the suborder Myodoco- adductor muscle; ap, anterior process; av, pina have been reported. anterior view; bas, basis; BO, Bellonci The only anchialine inland caves (three Organ; cox, coxa; end, endopod; ep, grietas) known to contain both an anchia- epipod; esoph, esophagus; ex, exopod; line halocyprid ostracode and a species of gen, genitalia; iv, inside view; le, lateral Myodocopina are in Santa Cruz Island, eye; lft, left; lv, lateral view; me, medial Galapagos Islands (Kornicker & Iliffe eye; mnd, mandible; mo, mouth; mv, 1989). The species of Myodocopina there medial view; mx, maxilla; nabs, not all has unusually small eyes suggesting that it bristles shown; ov, outside view; precox, may be a stygobiont. precoxa; prot, protopod; rt, right; ul, Some of the species of Myodocopina upper lip; Y-scl, Y-sclerite. in ocean blue holes in the Bahamas are also present in the open sea on the Subclass Myodocopa Sars Great Bahama Bank. However, several Order Halocyprida Dana new species have been described from Suborder Halocypridina Dana the ocean blue holes. It is not known Superfamily Halocypridoidea Dana at this time whether these also occur Family Deeveyidae Kornicker & Iliffe in the open sea, but have not been Subfamily Deeveyinae Kornicker & Iliffe described, or are restricted to ocean blue Deeveya Kornicker & Iliffe holes. Deeveya medix Kornicker The species in Exuma’s inland and Fig. 2A–E ocean blue holes that were also present on the Exuma Sound escarpment and/or Deeveya medix Kornicker in Kornicker et on the shallow waters of the Great al., 1990:44, figs. 22f, 27, 28, 29f, 30.— Bahama Bank are shown in Table 1. Kornicker et al., 2007:74, fig. 40. Terminology.—‘‘Ocean blue holes’’ are openings on the sea floor to extensive, Holotype.—USNM 193592, adult male. strongly tidal, submerged cave systems. Type locality.—Sagittarius Blue Hole, Some oceanic blue holes connect to Sweeting’s Cay, Grand Bahama Island, inland cave systems. For more detailed Little Bahama Bank descriptions of blue holes, see Kornicker Material examined.—Moss Town Blue & Iliffe (2000:10). Hole, Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Disposition of specimens.—All speci- Great Bahama Bank, Sta 03-012: USNM mens are deposited in the collections of 1104204, 1 adult male (body and carapace the National Museum of Natural History, separated) in 70% ethanol. Smithsonian Institution, and have been Distribution.—Little Bahama Bank, assigned USNM numbers. Sweetings Cay, Grand Bahama Island: Symbols and abbreviations.—Lower- Sagittarius Blue Hole and Virgo Blue case letters identify specific bristles (see Hole. Great Bahama Bank, Great Exuma VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 241

Table 1.—Species collected in Ocean and Inland Blue Holes in the vicinity of Exuma Cays and Great Exuma Island. Localities: ABH, Angelfish Blue Hole on Stocking Island (Stocking Island is 2.2 km NE of Georgetown, Great Exuma Island); BBH, Bottomly’s Blue Hole on Stocking Island, part of Mystery Cave system; BMBH, Basil Minn’s Blue Hole on Great Exuma Island; CCC, Crab Cay Crevasse on Crab Cay (Crab Cay is 3.6 km SE of Georgetown, Great Exuma Island); MC, Mystery Cave on Stocking Island; MHC, Master Harbor Cave on Great Exuma Island; MTBH, Moss Town Blue Hole on Great Exuma Island; NPC, Norman’s Pond Cave on Norman’s Pond Cay (Norman’s Pond Cay is 49 km NW of Georgetown, Great Exuma Island); ORC, Oven Rock Cave on Great Guana Cay (Great Guana Cay is 78 km NW of Georgetown, Great Exuma Island); SCBH, Sugar Cay Blue Hole on Sugar Cay (Sugar Cay is 700 m N of northern tip of Great Exuma Island); TS, The Subway on Great Exuma Island.

Ocean Blue Holes Inland Blue Holes Species SCBH MC BBH ABH CCC TS MHC MTBH ORC NPC BMBH

Amboleberis americana** – – – – X – – – – – – Asteropteron chelisparsa*/** – – – – – – – X – – – Cylindroleberidinae gen. ––––––XX––– indet. Danielopolina exuma ––––––––XXX Danielopolina kakuki ––––––––X–– Danielopolina sp. A – – – – – – – – X – – Deeveya exleyi ––––––––XX– Deeveya medix –––––––X––X Eurypylus hapax** – X – – X – – – – – – Eusarsiella fax –––––––X––– Eusarsiella merx X––––––X––– Eusarsiella syrinx –X–––––– ––– Eusarsiella spp. indet. X X – – – X – – – – – Harbansus paucichelatus** X – X – – X – X – – – Junctichela pax ––––X–––––– Metapolycope duplex –––––––X––– Pseudophilomedes ––X–––––––– ferulanus** Rutiderma darbyi ––––X–––––– Skogsbergia lerneri*/** – – – X X – X X – – – Spelaeoecia capax ––––––––XX– Spelaeoecia styx ––––––––XX– Synasterope browni*/**–XX–––––––– Synasterope matrix ––X–––––––– Synasterope sp. indet. – – X – – – – – – – –

* Indicates that the species was also collected on the SW escarpment of Exuma Sound. ** Indicates that the species was also present in shallow water on the Great Bahama Bank.

Island: Basil Minn’s Blue Hole and Moss (1990:46) in having a minute medial Town Blue Hole (new locality). bristle just ventral to base of 3rd article Supplemental description of adult (Fig. 2D). male (Fig. 2A–E).—Carapace ornamen- Copulatory organ: Fig. 2E. tation shown in Fig. 2C. Carapace size (length, height in mm): USNM 1104204, Suborder Cladocopina Sars right valve 1.62, height with posterodorsal Discussion of anteroventral serrations protuberance 1.19, height without poster- on valves.—Fossils, as well as many odorsal protuberance 1.14 (Fig. 2A); left species of extant Cladocopina, are known valve 1.62, 1.19 (Fig. 2B). only from valves at an unknown stage of Second antenna: Endopod differs from development, and the number of ante- that described by Kornicker et al. roventral serrations on the valves of some 242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 2. Deeveya medix, adult male, USNM 1194204: A, right valve, iv, length 1.62 mm; B, left valve,iv, length 1.62 mm; C, detail of surface structure, right valve just posterior to adductor muscle, ov; D, endopod left second antenna, lv (not under cover slip); E, copulatory organ, lv (drawn on body, not under cover slip; proximal and distal parts separated in illustration). Eusarsiella merx, adult male, USNM 1104199: F, left valve on complete specimen, length 0.87 mm, ov; G, right valve on complete specimen (fossae not shown), ov. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 243

Table 2.—Comparison of lengths of carapace and number of anteroventral serrations on valves of carapaces of specimens of Metapolycope duplex from Bermuda and the Bahamas. (F 5 female; M 5 male; ? 5 sex unknown; nd 5 no data.)

Bermuda* Bahamas Stage** Length (mm) Sex Serrations Length (mm) Sex Serrations

Instar I 0.25 ? 4 nd nd nd Instar II nd nd nd nd nd nd Instar III 0.35 ? 12 0.30 ? 12–13 Instar IV 0.39 ? 14 0.36 ? 15 0.39 ? 13 nd nd nd Instar V 0.42 F 15 0.38 ? 16 0.44 F 15 nd nd nd 0.43 M 17 nd nd nd Instar VI 0.48 F 18 0.43 M 19 0.45 M 17 nd nd nd Adult 0.54 F 17 0.49 F 20–21 0.47 M 18 0.44 M 21 0.46 M 18 0.44 M 19 0.49 M 19 0.48 M 20

* Data on carapace lengths and number of valve serrations of specimens from Bermuda are from illustrations and figure legends of Kornicker & Iliffe (1989:51–62). ** Stages were identified by appendage morphology, especially by distribution of claws and processes between the claws of the furcal lamellae.

specimens has been used to differentiate Material examined.—Moss Town Blue species. Unless the stage is known, the Hole: USNM 1104189, adult female on number of serrations should be used with slide and in 70% ethanol; USNM caution for discriminating species, be- 1104190, adult male on slide and in 70% cause in M. duplex, and probably other ethanol; USNM 1104191A, instar VI species, the number of serrations is male; USNM 1104191B, C, 2 adult males; smaller on early instars (Table 2). USNM 1104191D, instar IV, sex unknown; USNM 1104191F, instar V, sex Superfamily Polycopoidea Sars unknown; instar IV, sex unknown; Family Polycopidae Sars USNM 1104191E, instar III, sex un- Subfamily Polycopsisinae Chavtur known; USNM 1104191, 17 specimens Metapolycope Kornicker & in 70% ethanol (mostly juveniles). van Morkhoven Distribution.—Bermuda anchialine Metapolycope duplex Kornicker & Iliffe caves. Sta 03-012, Moss Town Blue Hole, Figs. 3–6 Bahamas. Remarks.—This species is the second Polycope spp.—Maddocks & Iliffe, 1986: benthic myodocopid and the first Clado- 73 [part]. copina encountered in both Bermuda and Metapolycope duplex Kornicker & Iliffe, the Bahamas. Therefore, an adult male 1989:50, figs. 30–40.—Kornicker et al., and female from the Bahamas were 2007, table 12. studied in detail to determine whether the population possessed any morpholog- Holotype.—USNM 193320, adult male. ical characters that could be used to Type locality.—Bermuda Palm Cave, differentiate them from Bermudan males 13 and 16 Mar 1982. and females. No material differences were 244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 3. Metapolycope duplex, adult female, USNM 1194189: A, specimen from left side, carapace length 0.489 mm; B, right valve, length 0.486 mm, iv; C, Bellonci Organ, first and second antennae shown inside left valve (not under cover slip); D, distal left first antenna, lv; E, left second antenna, endopod, lv; F, left mandible, lv; G, precoxa endite of maxilla, coxa endite of mandible, upper lip, all viewed from right side. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 245 observed, except the adult male and Description of instar IV (sex unknown) female from the Bahamas are slightly from the Bahamas.—Carapace ornamen- smaller than those from Bermuda, and tation: Valves with smooth outer surface; indistinct surface lineations are present on anteroventral margin of valve with 15 one of the adult males from the Bahamas. serrations. To document those observations, illustra- Carapace size (length, height in mm): tions of many appendages of the male and USNM 1104191D, 0.363, 0.314. female collected in Moss Town Blue Hole Description of instar V (sex unknown) are presented herein. Instars I and II were from the Bahamas.—Carapace ornamen- not present in the collection from Moss tation: Valves with smooth outer surface; Town Blue Hole. anteroventral margin with 16 serrations. Description of adult female from the Carapace size (length only, in mm): Bahamas (Figs. 3, 4).—Carapace orna- USNM 1104191F (lost), 0.38. mentation: Valve surface smooth; ante- Description of instar VI male from roventral margin with 20–21 serrations. the Bahamas.—Carapace ornamentation: Carapace size (length, height in mm): Surface of valves smooth; anteroventral USNM 1104189: 0.489, 0.439. margin of valve with 19 serrations. Central adductor muscle attachments Carapace size (length, height in mm): (Fig. 3A, B): Faint, wedge-shaped scars USNM 1104191A, 0.428, 0.82. visible. Ontogeny.—The numbers of claws and First antenna (Fig. 3C, D): Second bristles on appendages of instars of the antenna (Fig. 3C, E); Mandible (Fig. 3F, species are presented in Fig. 6. G); Maxilla (Figs. 3G, 4A); Fifth limb (Fig. 4B, E–G); Furca (Fig. 4C, D); Order Myodocopida Sars Bellonci Organ (Fig. 3C); Upper lip Suborder Myodocopina Sars (Fig. 3G). Superfamily Cypridinoidea Baird Description of adult male from the Family Cypridinidae Baird Bahamas (Fig. 5).—Carapace ornamenta- Subfamily Cypridininae Baird tion (Fig. 5A): Anterior outer surface of Skogsbergia Kornicker valves of USNM 1104190 with lineations; Skogsbergia lerneri (Kornicker) lineations absent on USNM 1104191B and USNM 1104191C; anteroventral Skogsbergia lerneri (Kornicker, 1958).— margin of valve with 19–22 serrations. See Kornicker et al. (2002:34) for Carapace size (length, height in mm): comprehensive synonomy.—Kornicker USNM 1104190: 0.438, 0.387 (right et al., 2007:86. valve); USNM 1104191B: 0.439, 0.400; USNM 1104191C, 0.477, 0.428. Holotype.—USNM 122903, whole dry First antenna (Fig. 5B–D); Second specimen on slide. antenna (Fig. 5E); Mandible (Fig. 5F); Type locality.—Bimini, Great Bahama Furca (Fig. 5G), Posterior of body Bank. (Fig. 5G), Copulatory organ (Fig. 5G); Material examined.—Moss Town Blue Upper lip (Fig. 5H). Hole, Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Description of instar III (sex unknown) Great Bahama Bank, Sta 03-012: USNM from the Bahamas.—Carapace ornamen- 1104205, 7 undissected specimens in 70% tation: Valves with smooth outer surface; ethanol (includes 1 instar I without anteroventral margin of valve with 12 or carapace). 13 serrations. Distribution.—See Kornicker et al. Carapace size (length, height in mm): (2002:34) and Kornicker et al. (2007:86). USNM 1104191E, 0.301, 0.289. Herein, Great Bahama Bank, Great 246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 4. Metapolycope duplex, adult female, USNM 1194189: A, right maxilla (not under cover slip), lv; B, right fifth limb (not under cover slip), lv; C, left lamella of furca, lv; D, anterior tip of furca; E, right maxilla (nabs), lv; F, exopod right maxilla, lv; G, right fifth limb (nabs), lv. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 247

Fig. 5. Metapolycope duplex, adult male, USNM 1194190: A, specimen from right side, length 0.438 mm; B, right first antenna, mv; C, distal right first antenna (nabs), mv; D, distal left first antenna (nabs), mv; E, endopod left second antenna, mv; F, right mandible, lv; G, left lamella of furca, copulatory organ, and posterior of body from left side; H, upper lip. 248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 6. Approximate total number of bristles and claws on each appendage of stages of Metapolycope duplex. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 249

Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Moss Town muda from which specimens were collect- Blue Hole (new locality). ed.] Discussion.—Because of the similarity Superfamily Sarsielloidea Brady & of specimens of Eusarsiella fax in the Norman present collection and E. styx from Family Philomedidae Mu¨ller Bermuda, types of the latter species were Subfamily Pseudophilomedinae Kornicker reexamined. Harbansus Kornicker Supplementary description of adult fe- Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker) male (Holotype, USNM 193369) (Figs. 7A, 13H).—Ornamentation of carapace Harbansus paucichelatus (Kornicker, 1958). adequately described by Kornicker & —See Kornicker et al. (2002:35) for Iliffe (1989:32, fig. 18). Detail of posterior comprehensive synonomy.—Kornicker of valve from right side (Figs. 7A, 13H) et al., 2007:87. shows absence of vertical ridge connect- Holotype.—USNM 122905, dried spec- ing posterior ends of U-shaped rib and, imen in poor condition. also, presence of outlines of shallow Type locality.—Bimini. Great Bahama fossae. Bank. Supplementary description of adult male Material examined.—Moss Town Blue (Paratype, USNM 193375) (Figs. 7B,C).— Hole, Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Mandible: Exopod described by Kornicker Great Bahama Bank, Sta 03-012: USNM & Iliffe (1989:39, fig. 22f) as, ‘‘well de- 1104206, 2 undissected specimens in 70% veloped, about 1/3 length of dorsal margin ethanol. of first endopodial joint, bifurcate distally Distribution.—See Kornicker et al. with short outer branch; both branches (2002:34) and Kornicker et al. (2007:87). hirsute; inner branch longer, folding over Herein, Great Bahama Bank, Great medial surface of joint.’’ Reexamination of Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Moss Town the exopod herein revealed indistinct Blue Hole (new locality). suture on inner branch near base of small outer branch (Fig. 7B,C). Family Sarsiellidae Brady & Norman Subfamily Sarsiellinae Brady & Norman Eusarsiella fax Kornicker et al. Eusarsiella Cohen & Kornicker Figs. 7D–H, 14 Eusarsiella styx Kornicker & Iliffe Figs. 7A–C, 13H Eusarsiella fax Kornicker et al., 2007:122, figs. 69–72. Eusarsiella styx Kornicker & Iliffe, Holotype.—USNM 1021474, A-1 fe- 1989:32, figs. 17–24. male in 70% ethanol. Holotype.—USNM 193369, ovigerous Type locality.—Conch Sound Blue female in 70% ethanol. Hole, Andros Island, Great Bahama Type locality.—Cherry Pit Cave, Ber- Bank. muda. Material examined.—Moss Town Blue Material examined.—Bermuda: Cherry Hole, Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Pit Cave: USNM 193375, paratype, adult Great Bahama Bank: Sta 03-012: USNM male appendages on slide; USNM 1194192, 1 adult female on slide and in 193371, paratypes, 5 adult females in 70% ethanol; USNM 1194193, 1 adult 70% ethanol. male on slide and in 70% ethanol; USNM Distribution.—Bermuda [see Kor- 1194194, 1 instar II in 70% ethanol; nicker & Iliffe (1989:32) for caves in Ber- USNM 1194195, 1 instar III in 70% 250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 7. Eusarsiella styx: A, adult female, holotype, USNM 193369, posterior surface right valve; B,C, adult male, paratype, USNM 193375, exopod of mandible: B, right limb, mv; C, left limb, lv. Eusarsiella fax, adult female, USNM 1194192: D, right valve, length 1.17 mm; E, detail from right valve; F, posterior right valve, iv; G, left lateral eye posterior to edge of protopod of left second antenna; H, eggs loose on slide, length of one egg 0.232 mm. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 251 ethanol; USNM 1194196, 1 undissected Carapace size (mm): USNM 1194192, ovigerous female in 70% ethanol. USNM length including caudal process 1.17; 1194197, 1 undissected instar II in 70% height including caudal process 0.94. ethanol; USNM 1194198, 5 undissected USNM 1194196, length with or without instar IV in 70% ethanol (sex not caudal process 1.19, height 0.98. determined). First antenna (Fig. 8A): First article Distribution.—Great Bahama Bank: bare. Second article with spinous dorsal Andros Island, Conch Sound Blue Hole. bristle and few dorsal spines. Third and Herein, Great Exuma Island, Exuma fourth articles fused; article 3 with 2 Cays, Moss Town Blue Hole (new local- bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); article 4 with ity). 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 dorsal). Article 5 Remarks.—Kornicker et al. (2007) de- with long ventral bristle with minute scribed the A-1 (instar IV) female and filament near midlength. Article 6 with male of the species. The adult female and short medial bristle. Article 7: a-bristle male and A-2 (instar III) and A-3 (instar short; b-bristle slightly longer than II) instars are described herein. a-bristle; c-bristle slightly shorter than Description of adult female (Figs. 7D– bristle of fifth article, with minute prox- H, 8, 9, 13G).—Carapace oval in lateral imal filament. Article 8: d- and e-bristles view with triangular fairly short pointed bare, slightly shorter than bristle of fifth caudal process (Figs. 7D, F, 13G); ventral article; f-bristle and g-bristle long with 2 edge of caudal process slightly convex. or 3 minute marginal filaments. Surface with U-shaped rib with posterior Second antenna (Fig. 8B, C): Protopod ends connected by posterior ridge; poste- bare. Exopod: First article with small rior ridge with 4 backward-projecting recurved medial spine (Fig. 8C); articles processes (Fig. 7D, E); posterodorsal 2–8 with long bristle with proximal edge of valve with 4 projecting processes ventral spines and distal natatory hairs; (Figs. 7D, 13G). bristles of articles 3–6 also with proximal Ornamentation (Fig. 7D, E): Surface dorsal hairs; ninth article with 2 bristles of valve with fossae mostly with irregular (dorsal bristle short; ventral bristle short- outline, but some oval; edge of fossae er than bristle of eighth article, with few with inward-pointing minute spines. Mi- proximal slender ventral spines and many nute spines covering valve surface (more distal natatory hairs). Endopod interpret- apparent along valve edge); spines shorter ed to be formed of 2 fused articles on ribs. Edge of valve with long bristles (Fig. 8B): first article with 2 short bristles; with broad bases and shorter slender article 2 triangular, bare. bristles; each process with long terminal Mandible (Fig. 8D, E): Coxa endite bristle with broad base. Long bristles, consisting of short stout spine; ventral some with broad base, sparsely distribut- margin of coxa with short spines. Basis: ed on valve surface. Surface coated with medial surface near ventral margin with 4 gel-like substance. short bristles; dorsal margin with 2 short Infold: Anterior infold with small spine-like bristles. Exopod absent. Endo- bristle at midheight. Infold of caudal pod: article 1 with distal medial spines, process with 5 or 6 slender bare bristles row of minute medial spines along distal (Fig. 7F). Two setal bristles dorsal to margin near dorsal edge, 1 or 2 small caudal process (Fig. 7F). subterminal dorsal spines, and minute Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with medial bristle near base of stout terminal smooth outer edge along valve margins. ventral claw. Article 2 with minute dorsal Prolongation with serrated edge extends bristle and stout ventral claw. Article 3 well past end of caudal process. with 2 minute bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal) 252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 8. Eusarsiella fax, adult female, USNM 1194192: A, right first antenna, mv; B, endopod, right second antenna, mv; C, proximal articles of exopod of right second antenna, mv; D, left mandible, mv; E, proximal part right mandible, lv; F, left maxilla, lv; G, endite II of left maxilla, lv; H, part right maxilla, mv; I, sixth limb. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 253

Fig. 9. Eusarsiella fax, adult female, USNM 1194192: A, fifth limb; B, seventh limb; C, left lamellaof furca and posterior of body; D, medial eye and Bellonci Organ, and medial view of proximal part of right first antenna; E, anterior view of upper lip and esophagus; F, left and right genitalia. and stout terminal claw. Minute lateral 2 with 2 a-bristles, 1 c-bristle, and 5 finger-like process present on distal edge pectinate end bristles. of basis (Fig. 8E) may represent exopod, Fifth limb (Fig. 9A): Coxa endite with but not so interpreted herein. 1 short bristle. Basis with 2 endites: endite Maxilla (Fig. 8F–H): Endite I with 6 I with 2 or 3 bristles; endite II with 3 bristles (Fig. 8H); endite II with 4 bristles bristles. Endopod with 2 fused articles: (Fig. 8G); endite III with 6 bristles article 1 with 3 bristles; article 2 with 2 (Fig. 8F). Coxa with short dorsal bristle bristles. Exopod represented by 1 short and lateral row of distal hairs. Basis with bristle. Limb hirsute. Epipod with about short bristle near exopod. Exopod with 2 34 bristles. bristles. Endopod with 2 articles: article 1 Sixth limb (Fig. 8I): Single endite with stout alpha- and beta-bristles; article with 3 small bristles. End article with 254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

11 bristles plus 2 plumose posterior cesses; posterodorsal edge of valve with bristles. small projecting process. Seventh limb (Fig. 9B): Each limb with Ornamentation (Fig. 10A): Surface of 2 proximal bristles with 5 bells, and 6 valve without well-defined fossae with terminal bristles (2 with 4 bells, 4 with 7 irregular outline present on valve of bells). Tip with opposing combs, each female. Ribs with small spines. Surface with 5 or 6 teeth. Each limb with 61 between ribs with spines much shorter articles plus a terminal article. than those on ribs and along valve edge. Furca (Fig. 9C): Each lamella with 5 Edge of valve with long and short slender claws; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining bristles; some long slender bristles with claws separated from lamella by suture. thread-like terminal part. Processes on Claw 1 with stout teeth and smaller teeth ribs with long terminal bristle. Long between them; claws 2–5 with small teeth. bristles sparsely distributed on valve Claw 1 with long medial spines near base. surface, few with stout proximal part. Anterior edges of both lamellae with few Surface coated with gel-like substance minute indistinct spines. Left lamella with reaching tips of spines. (Not all surface few spines along ventral edge following spines and bristles shown in Fig. 10A.) claw 5. Right lamella anterior to left by Infold: Anterior infold with small width of claw 1 at base. bristle at midheight. Infold of caudal Bellonci Organ (Fig. 9D): Elongate process with 4 or 5 slender bare bristles with rounded tip. (Fig. 10B). Two setal bristles dorsal to Eyes: Lateral eye with 5 ommatidia; caudal process at about midheight of brown pigment between ommatidia valve. (Fig. 7G). Medial eye larger than lateral Selvage (not illustrated): Lamellar pro- eye, with brown pigment (Fig. 9D). longation with smooth outer edge along Genitalia (Fig. 9F): Consisting of 2 valve margins. Prolongation extends past oval organs. No bristles observed. end of caudal process. Upper lip: Tip with 2 short prongs Carapace size (mm): USNM 1194193, (Fig. 9E, anterior view of lip compressed length including caudal process 0.92; under cover slip). height 0.67. Y-Sclerite (Fig. 9C): With ventral branch. First antenna (Fig. 10C, 11I): First Posterior of body: Evenly rounded. article bare. Second article with distal Gut content: Unidentified light-amber dorsal bristle and distal curved lateral colored particulate matter. weakly defined line (?incipient suture). Eggs: USNM 1194192 with cluster of 5 Articles 3 and 4 fused; article 3 with 2 eggs in marsupium (Fig. 7H) and several bristles (1 ventral short, 1 dorsal longer); unextruded eggs. Diameter of 1 egg in article 4 with 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 marsupium 0.232 mm. dorsal). Article 5 wedged ventrally be- Description of adult male (Figs. 10– tween articles 4 and 6; stem of sensory 12A).—Carapace with rostrum and fairly bristle with 4 small distal filaments and short pointed caudal process (Fig. 10A, bifurcate tip (all long basal filaments not B); ventral edge of caudal process shown in Fig. 10C); Article 6 with short straight, not slightly convex as on female. medial bristle. Article 7: a-bristle short; Surface with elliptical rib more strongly b-bristle medial, bare, slightly longer than developed along ventral, dorsal, and a-bristle; c-bristle about same length as posterior parts; anterior part represented bristle of fifth article, with 4 marginal by row of bristles similar in length to filaments. Article 8: lateral d- and those on other parts of rib; posterior part e-bristles long, bare, with blunt tips; with 2 small backward projecting pro- f-bristle shorter than d- and e-bristles, VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 255

Fig. 10. Eusarsiella fax, adult male, USNM 1194193: A, complete carapace, length including caudal process 0.92 mm; B, caudal process right valve, iv; C, right first antenna, lv; D, E, endopod left second antenna, mv; F, right mandible, mv; G, exopod right mandible, detail from F; H, copulatory organ from left side. 256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 11. Eusarsiella fax, adult male, USNM 1194193: A, left mandible, mv; B, distal part of maxilla (bristles obscured); C, fifth limb (bristles obscured); D, left sixth limb, lv; E, right seventh limb; F, right lamella of furca and posterior part of left lamella; G, left lateral eye, medial eye and Bellonci Organ; H, right Y-sclerite; I, anterior of body showing right first antenna (nabs), right second antenna (protopod and distal part of endopod), right lateral eye and Bellonci Organ. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 257 with 3 marginal filaments; g-bristles same resolve. Coxa endite with 1 short bristle. length as c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments. Basis with 2 endites: endite I with 2 Second antenna (Fig. 10D, E, 11I): bristles; endite II with about 2 bristles. Protopod bare. Exopod: First article with Endopod with 2 fused articles bearing at small recurved medial spine or bristle; least 4 bristles. Exopod represented by 1 bristles of articles 2–8 with long bristle short bristle. Limb hirsute. Epipod with with proximal ventral spines and distal about 28 bristles. natatory hairs; bristles also with proximal Sixth limb (Fig. 11D): Single endite dorsal hairs; ninth article with 2 bristles: with 3 small bristles. End article with 11 dorsal bristle short, with few long mar- bristles plus 2 plumose posterior bristles. ginal hairs; ventral bristle long, with few Seventh limb (Fig. 11E): Each limb proximal slender ventral spines and many with 4 terminal bristles with 6 or 7 bells. distal natatory hairs. Endopod with 2 Tip bare. Limb with 54 articles plus articles (Fig. 10D, E): article 1 with 2 terminal article. short proximal anterior bristles; article Furca (Fig. 11F): Each lamella with 5 2 elongate with short subterminal con- claws; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining striction followed by short broad part claws separated from lamella by suture. with 2 ringed terminal bristles. Claws 1–3 with stout teeth and smaller Mandible (Figs. 10F, G, 11A): Coxa teeth between them; claws 4 and 5 with endite consisting of short minute indis- small teeth; claw 1 with long medial tinct spine; ventral margin of coxa bare. spines near base. Anterior edges of Basis: ventral margin with 2 short both lamellae with few minute indistinct proximal bristles; medial surface spi- spines. Left lamella with few spines along nous, with 4 short bristles; dorsal ventral edge following claw 5. Right margin with 2 bristles. Exopod about lamella anterior to left by width of claw 1/2 length dorsal margin of first endo- 1atbase. pod article, with 2 articles: proximal Bellonci Organ (Fig. 11G, I): Elongate article short, cylindrical, bare; second with rounded tip. article long, pointed, with long marginal Eyes: Lateral eye with 6 or 7 ommatidia hairs; base of exopod on lateral side of and brown pigment between ommatidia basis. Endopod: first segment with (Figs. 10A, 11I). Left lateral eye of medial spines, few minute medial spines USNM 1194193 unusual in that eye along distal margin near dorsal edge, appears to have 3 layers and more and 1 or 2 small subterminal dorsal ommatidia than eye of female (Fig. 11G). spines; ventral margin with 3 bristles (1 Medial eye about same size as lateral eye, very short). Article 2 with long terminal with brown pigment (Fig. 11G). ventral bristle and dorsal bristle near Genitalia (Fig. 10H): Elongate paired midlength. Article 3 with 1 minute organs, each with 3 lobes with bristles; dorsal bristle, 2 ventral bristles (1 long, longest lobe terminating in long sclero- 1 minute), and short stout terminal claw tized hook. with few minute proximal teeth. A stout Upper Lip: Tip squarish in anterior internal muscle terminates near base of view (Fig. 12A, anterior view of lip exopod (Fig. 10F). compressed under cover slip showing Maxilla (Fig. 11B): Extremely reduced, relative location of endites of 6th limbs). and details could not be resolved using oil Y-Sclerite (Fig. 11H): With ventral immersion lens. Some indistinct bristles branch. shown in Fig. 11B. Posterior of body: Evenly rounded. Fifth limb (Fig. 11C): Limb reduced Gut content: Unidentified light-amber and with indistinct bristles difficult to colored particulate matter. 258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 12. Eusarsiella fax, adult male, USNM 1194193: A, upper lip and sixth limb under cover slip, av. Instar II, sex unknown, USNM 1194194; B, complete specimen, length including caudal process 0.70 mm; C, part left first antenna drawn attached to body (nabs), lv; D, protopod and endopod right second antenna, mv; E, sixth limb; F, left seventh limb, lv; G, left lamella of furca and posterior of body showing Y-sclerite; H, anterior of body from right side showing right lateral eye, medial eye and Bellonci Organ; I, left lateral eye; J, anterior of body from right side.

Description of instar II (sex unknown) Long bristles with and without broad (Fig. 12B–J).—Carapace in lateral view part near or proximal to midlength tapering to pointed caudal process (Fig. numerous along valve margins. Ribs and 12B). fossae not apparent. Gel-like substance Ornamentation (Fig. 12B): Surface covering short spines visible along valve with minute spines and few long bristles. margins. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 259

Infold: 1 indistinct bristle on infold of medial hairs near base; claws 2 to 4 with caudal process. Lamellar prolongation short teeth along posterior edges (not all well developed along valve edge; prolon- shown). Right lamella with few teeth gation with serrated edge extends well along anterior edge; left lamella with few past tip of caudal process. spines along edge following claw 5 (not Carapace size (mm): USNM 1194194: shown). Right lamella anterior to left by length including caudal process 0.70, width of base of claw 1. length without caudal process 0.62, height Bellonci Organ (Fig. 12H): Elongate 0.49. USNM 1194197, length including with rounded tip. caudal process 0.65, length without cau- Eyes: Lateral eye with 5 ommatidia and dal process 0.56, height 0.49. black pigment between ommatidia (Fig. First antenna (Fig. 12C): First article 12H, I). Medial eye larger than lateral bare. Second article with dorsal bristle. eye, with brown pigment forming hori- Third and fourth articles fused; third zontal zone near midheight (Fig. 12H). article with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); Genitalia: Absent. fourth article with dorsal bristle. Sensory Upper Lip: Rounded in lateral view bristle of long fifth article with small (Fig. 12J). indistinct filament near midlength. Y-Sclerite (Fig. 12G): With ventral Sixth article minute, fused to fifth branch. article, with small medial bristle. Seventh Posterior of body: Evenly rounded. article: a-bristle about twice length of Gut content: Unidentified light-amber bristle of sixth article; b-bristle shorter colored particulate matter. than bristle of fifth article; c-bristle Description of instar III, ?female slightly longer than bristle of fifth article. (Fig. 13A–F).—Carapace more ovate Eighth article: d- and e-bristles long bare than that of instar II (Fig. 13A). Ventral with blunt tips; f- and g-bristles slightly edge of caudal process slightly concave as shorter than c-bristle (g-bristle with short on adult female. filament proximal to midlength). (b-, c-, Ornamentation (Fig. 13A): Surface with f-, and g-bristles may bear marginal minute spines and few long bristles. Long filaments not apparent at magnification bristles with and without broad part near at which limb examined (403 objective, or proximal to midlength numerous along 15 ocular). valve margins. Ribs not apparent; small Second antenna (Fig. 12D): Protopod weakly developed process in posterodorsal bare. Endopod with single article with corner of valve. Fossae very weakly ventral protuberance (could be interpret- developed. Gel-like substance covering ed to be 2 fused articles as occurs on adult short spines visible along valve margins. females), and 1 proximal anterior bristle. Infold: 1 or 2 indistinct bristles on Exopod similar to that of adult female. infold of caudal process. Lamellar pro- Mandible, maxilla, fifth limb: Not longation well developed along valve examined in detail but of similar type as edge; prolongation with serrated edge that of adult female. extends well past tip of caudal process. Sixth limb (Fig. 12E): With 1 ventral Carapace size: USNM 1194195: length bristle. including caudal process 0.79 mm, length Seventh limb (Fig. 12F): Short and without caudal process 0.74 mm, height without bristles. 0.58 mm. Furca (Fig. 10G): Claw 1 fused to First antenna (Fig. 13B): First article lamella; claws 2–5 separated from lamella bare. Second article with dorsal bristle. by suture; claw 1 with long and short Third and fourth articles fused; third teeth along posterior edge and long article with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal); 260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 13. Eusarsiella fax, Instar III, ?female, USNM 1194195: A, carapace from right side, length including caudal process, 0.79 mm; B, part left first antenna (nabs), medial eye and Bellonci Organ, lv; C, endopod left second antenna, mv; D, sixth limb drawn on body (nabs); E, left seventh limb; F, lateral eye. G, adult female, right valve, USNM 1194192, ov. H, Eusarsiella styx, adult female, USNM 193369, holotype, right valve, ov. fourth article with 2 bristles (1 ventral, 1 that of adult female. Epipod of fifth limb dorsal). Sensory bristle of long fifth with about 26 bristles. article with small indistinct filament near Sixth limb (Fig. 13D): With single midlength. Sixth article minute, fused to endite with about 2 small bristles; ventral fifth article, with small medial bristle. margin with 8 bristles and 2 posterior Seventh and eighth articles with bristles bristles. similar to those of adult female, but Seventh limb (Fig. 13E): About twice number of marginal filaments not deter- length of limb of Instar II, without mined. bristles. Second antenna (Fig. 13C): Protopod Furca: Similar to that of adult instar II. bare. Endopod and exopod similar to Bellonci Organ (Fig. 13B): Elongate those of adult female. Right limb only of with rounded tip. USNM 1194196 with suture separating Eyes: Lateral eye with 6 ommatidia and first and second articles. black pigment between ommatidia Mandible, maxilla, fifth limb: Not (Fig. 13F). Medial eye only slightly larger examined in detail but of similar type as than lateral eye, without brown pigment VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 261 forming horizontal zone near midheight IV and adult female, but is long on adult (Fig. 13B). male. The bristles of the seventh and Genitalia: Absent. eighth articles were not examined in Upper lip: Obscured. detail on all stages, but appear fairly Y-Sclerite: With ventral branch. similar. Posterior of body: Evenly rounded. Second antenna: The protopod is bare Gut content: Unidentified light-amber in all stages examined. The exopod has a colored particulate matter. similar number of bristles on all stages Supplementary description of instar IV examined. The endopod of instars II and (sex undetermined).—Carapace size III (sex unknown) and the adult female (mm): USNM 1194198, 5 specimens: 1, have a small bare terminal node, which length with caudal process 0.94, length could be interpreted as a second article. without caudal process 0.84, height 0.73; The first article bears 1 ventral bristle on 2, length with caudal process 0.97, length instar II and 2 on instars III and IV and without caudal process 0.88, height 0.71; adults of both sexes. The adult male bears 3, length with caudal process 0.93, length an elongate second article with 2 short without caudal process 0.84, height 0.67; terminal bristles. 4, length with caudal process 0.95, length Mandible: Instars II and III (sex without caudal process 0.86, height 0.68; unknown) of similar type as that of adult 5, length with caudal process 0.93, length female, but not examined in detail. Instar without caudal process 0.84, height 0.67. IV (both sexes) similar to that of adult Ontogeny.—Carapace: The lateral out- female. Adult male, unlike that of juve- line of the female is more ovoid in later niles and adult female, with well devel- stages. Surface ribs are not apparent in oped exopod. instars II and III and are well developed Maxilla and fifth limb: Instars II and in instar IV and the adult. Surface fossae III of similar type as that of adult female, are very indistinct in instars II and III and but not examined in detail. Adult male the adult male, and well developed in with much reduced maxilla and 5th limb. instar IV and the adult female. Sixth limb: Instar II with only 1 bristle. First antenna: The second article bears Instar III—adults of both sexes with 1 dorsal bristle on stages II–IV and the many bristles. adult. The third article bears 2 bristles (1 Seventh limb: Instar II with short bare ventral, 1 dorsal). The fourth article limb. Instar III with longer bare limb. bears 1 ventral bristle on instar II, 2 Instar IV with long limb bearing tapered bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal) on instar III, bristles. Adult male and female with 2 or 3 bristles on instar IV (1 or 2 ventral, cylindrical bristles. Adult female with 1 dorsal), and 3 bristles (2 ventral, 1 both proximal and distal bristles and dorsal) on the adult of both sexes. The opposing teeth on terminal article. Adult fifth article of instars II–IV bears a male with only terminal bristles and ventral sensory bristle; the number of without terminal teeth. marginal filaments probably increases on Furca: In general, similar in instars II– later stages. The adult female sensory adults. bristle is of similar type to that of instars, Bellonci Organ: Similar in instars II– but that of adult male bears a ventral adults. process with abundant filaments, and the Eyes: Lateral eye of instars II–IV (sex fifth article is wedged ventrally between unknown) and adult female with 5 or 6 the fourth and sixth articles. The sixth ommatidia. Adult male lateral eye may be article bears a short medial bristle on all larger than female eye and have a few stages; the article is minute in instars II– more ommatidia. Medial eye about same 262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON for instars II–IV (sex of instars II and III Description of adult female (Figs. 14– unknown) and adults. 16).—Carapace oval in lateral view with Discussion.—The morphology of the triangular, short, rounded caudal process appendages and carapaces of E. fax and (Fig. 14A, B, D). Posterodorsal part of E. styx are quite similar, and whether each valve with small lateral process. juveniles and adult males of the two Short low elongate lateral rib present species can be separated from their near valve midlength about 1/4 valve morphology is uncertain. The adult fe- height measured from ventral margin. male valve of E. fax bears a continuous Gel-like coating absent. posterior vertical rib (Fig. 13G), whereas Ornamentation: Surface of valve with the rib is discontinuous on E. styx round fossae mostly with minute indis- (Fig. 13H). Also, the surface fossae of tinct inward pointing spines along edge. E. fax are better defined and more Smaller brown round spots more abun- irregular in outline than those of E. styx. dant than fossae on valve surface; some of The third article of the adult female first these (possibly all) bear short stout spines antenna of E. fax bears 2 bristles com- (Fig. 14C); spines indistinct and some pared to only 1 on E. styx. The exopod of may not terminate in point. Posterodorsal the mandible of the adult male E. styx process and lateral rib with long terminal bears a small branch not present on the bristle. Edge of valve with long bristles exopod of E. fax, but more specimens with broad bases and shorter slender should be examined to ascertain variability. bristles. Long bristles sparsely distributed on valve surface. Eusarsiella merx Kornicker et al. Infold: Infold of caudal process with 7 or Figs. 2F, G, 14–16 8 slender bare bristles (Fig. 14D). Two bristles dorsal to caudal process (Fig. 14D). Eusarsiella merx Kornicker et al., 2002:48, Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with figs. 33–41. smooth outer edge along valve margins. Central adductor muscle attachments Holotype.—USNM 194556, adult (Fig. 14E, F): Indistinct, about 14 oval male. attachments. Type locality.—Sugar Cay Blue Hole, Carapace size (mm): USNM 1194200, Sugar Cay, Andros Island, Great Bahama length including caudal process 1.28; Bank. height including caudal process 1.02. Material examined.—Great Exuma Is- First antenna (Fig. 14G): First article land, Exuma Cays, Moss Town Blue bare. Second article with bare dorsal Hole, Great Bahama Bank, Sta 02-012, bristle. Third and fourth articles fused; USNM 1194199, adult male in 70% article 3 with 2 bare bristles (1 ventral, 1 ethanol; USNM 1194200; dissected adult dorsal); article 4 with 4 bare bristles (3 female on slide and in 70% ethanol; ventral, 1 dorsal). Article 5 with long USNM 1194201, 6 undissected 1st instars ventral bristle with 1 or 2 minute proxi- in 70% ethanol. mal filaments. Article 6 with short medial Distribution.—Great Bahama Bank: bristle. Article 7: a-bristle short; b-bristle Andros Island, Sugar Cay, Sugar Cay Blue twice length of a-bristle; c-bristle slightly Hole; Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, shorter than bristle of fifth article, with Moss Town Blue Hole (new locality). minute proximal filament. Article 8: Remarks.—Kornicker et al. (2002:48– d- and e-bristles bare with blunt tips 59) described instars I to IV and the adult (d-bristle about same length as c-bristle; male. The adult female is described e-bristle about 2/3 length of d-bristle); herein. f-bristle and g-bristles long. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 263

Fig. 14. Eusarsiella merx, adult female, USNM 11941200: A, complete carapace, 1.28 mm; B, caudal process, left valve, from A; C, fossae and bristles on right valve anterior to adductor muscles, ov; D, posterior left valve, iv; E, F, central adductor muscle attachments of left and right valves (indistinct), ov; G, right first antenna, medial eye and Bellonci Organ, lv; H, part left second antenna, mv; I, tip of exopod of left second antenna, mv; J, seventh limb. 264 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Second antenna (Fig. 14H, I): Proto- Sixth limb (Fig. 16B): Single endite pod bare. Exopod: first article with with 3 small bristles. End article with 14 small, recurved, terminal, medial spine bristles (bare or with minute spines) (Fig. 14H); article 2 with long bristle with separated by space from 2 plumose proximal ventral spines and distal nata- posterior bristles. tory hairs; bristles of articles 3–8 with Seventh limb (Fig. 14J): Each limb with natatory hairs (no proximal spines); ninth 4 proximal bristles, 2 on each side, with 4 article with 2 bristles (dorsal bristle short, or 5 bells, and 6 terminal bristles, 3 on bare; ventral bristle shorter than bristle of each side, with 3 to 7 bells. Tip with eighth article, with few proximal slender opposing combs, each with 5 or 6 teeth. ventral spines just proximal to natatory Each limb with 73 articles plus a terminal hairs) (Fig. 14I). Endopod with 1 short article; distal 17 articles (excluding termi- proximal bristle and small terminal node nal article) broader than others and with with minute terminal spine (terminal node continuous sclerotized bar at midwidth; could be interpreted to be second article) each bar broader at proximal and distal (Fig. 14H). ends of each article. Mandible (Fig. 15A): Coxa endite con- Furca (Fig. 16C): Each lamella with 5 sisting of short stout spine; ventral margin claws; claw 1 fused to lamella, remaining of coxa with short spines. Basis: medial claws separated from lamella by suture. surface near ventral margin with 4 short Teeth along posterior edges of claws 1–4 bristles; lateral surface near ventral mar- fairly similar in length; teeth of claw 5 gin with 1 short bristle; dorsal margin very small. Anterior edges of both lamel- with 2 short spine-like bristles. Exopod lae bare. Both lamellae with few spines absent. Endopod: Article 1 with distal along ventral edge following claw 5 and medial spines, row of minute medial between claws 4 and 5. Right lamella spines along distal margin near dorsal anterior to left by width of claw 1 at base. edge, 2 small subterminal dorsal spines, Bellonci Organ (Figs. 14G, 16E): Elon- and minute medial bristle near base of gate with slightly tapering tip. stout terminal ventral claw. Article 2 with Eyes: Lateral eye with 4 ommatidia; minute dorsal bristle and stout ventral brown pigment between some ommatidia claw. Article 3 with 2 minute bristles (1 (Fig. 16D). Medial eye with brown pig- ventral, 1 dorsal) and stout terminal claw. ment (Figs. 14G, 16E). Maxilla (Fig. 15B–E): Endites I and II Genitalia (Fig. 16C, F): Consisting of with 5 bristles (Fig. 15E); endite III with 6 oval organ on each side of body; 4 minute bristles (Fig. 15E). Coxa with short dorsal bristles forming row dorsal to each organ bristle. Basis with short bristle near (Fig. 16F). Organs at dorsal end of exopod. Exopod with 2 bristles (1 long, projecting process anterior to anus 1 short). Endopod with 2 articles: article 1 (Fig. 16C). with stout alpha- and beta-bristles; article Upper lip (Fig. 16G, H): In lateral view, 2 with 2 a-bristles, 1 c-bristle, and 5 2 bare processes projecting anteriorly. pectinate end bristles. Anterior of body (Fig. 16G, H): Trian- Fifth limb (Fig. 16A): Coxa endite with gular process on each side of centerline of 1 short bristle. Basis with 2 endites: endite anterior margin of body between 1st I with 2 bristles; endite II with 3 bristles. antenna and upper lip. Endopod with 2 fused articles: article 1 Y-Sclerite (Fig. 16C): With ventral with 3 bristles; article 2 with 2 bristles. branch. Exopod represented by 1 short bristle. Posterior of body: Evenly rounded. Limb hirsute. Epipod with about 25 Gut content: Unidentified light-amber bristles. colored particulate matter. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 265

Fig. 15. Eusarsiella merx, adult female, USNM 11941200: A, left mandible, mv; B, part right maxilla, mv; C, part left maxilla, lv; D, part left maxilla drawn attached to body, lv; E, endites I, II, III of left maxilla, lv. 266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Fig. 16. Eusarsiella merx, adult female, USNM 11941200: A, left fifth limb drawn while attached to body, lv; B, left sixth limb, lv; C, posterior of body from left side; D, anterodorsal part of body inside right valve; E, medial eye and Bellonci Organ drawn attached to body; F, left genital organ and adjacent bristles; G, H, anterior of body viewed from right and left sides. VOLUME 121, NUMBER 2 267

Eggs: USNM 1194200 with cluster of 3 instar IV female and the adult female lead oval eggs in marsupium and several much to the conclusion herein that the two smaller unextruded eggs of unequal di- specimens are conspecific. ameters. Maximum lengths of 2 eggs in marsupium 0.245 mm, 0.318 mm. Superfamily Cylindroleberoidea Mu¨ller Protistans: USNM 1194200 with sever- Family Cylindroleberidae Mu¨ller al colorless segmented filaments attached Subfamily Cylindroleberidinae Mu¨ller to lobe anterior to furca and posterior to Genus indeterminate anus (Fig. 16C), and on seventh limbs Material examined.—USNM 1194201, (not illustrated). Great Bahama Bank, Great Exuma Is- Supplementary description of adult land, Moss Town Blue Hole, Sta 03-012: male (Fig. 2F, G).—Unlike holotype, 1 undissected early instar in 70% ethanol. process in posterodorsal part of right Distribution.—Great Bahama Bank, valve with greater projection than that of Great Exuma Island, Moss Town Blue left valve (Fig. 2F, G ). Hole herein. Members of subfamily wide- Carapace size (length, height in mm): spread. USNM 1194199, length 0.87, height 0.65. Supplementary description of instar I.— Subfamily Asteropteroninae Kornicker Carapace size (length, height in mm): Actinoseta Kornicker USNM 1194201, 6 specimens: 0.513, Actinoseta chelisparsa Kornicker 0.418; 0.505, 0.399; 0.551, 0.423; 0.515, 0.395; 0.510, 0.399; 0.514, 0.386. Actinoseta chelisparsa Kornicker, 1958: Remarks.—The length of the carapace 244, figs. 43A–L; 46:10A, B; 69A–F; of an instar IV female described by 70A–I; 89h, j, p, q.—1981:192, figs. 9o, Kornicker et al. (2002:53) is 0.84 mm. 1le, 12c, 16d, 17e, 72–77; pls. 52–58.— The length of the adult female described 1986:112, fig. 48. herein is 1.28 mm. The growth factor of length between the two stages is 1.52, Holotype.—Ovigerous female, length which is unusually large, and suggests 2.42 mm, height 1.92 mm (lost). that, if the two specimens are conspecific, Type locality.—Bimini, Bahamas. another instar might exist between the Material examined.—Moss Town Blue instar IV female and the adult female. Hole, Great Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, The lengths of the carapaces of the instar Great Bahama Bank, Sta 03-012, USNM I and adult male described by Kornicker 1194203, 3 undissected juveniles in 70% et al. (2002:48, 56) is not greatly different ethanol. than the carapaces of those stages de- Distribution.—See Kornicker (1986: scribed herein. Two small character dif- 112). Herein, Great Bahama Bank, Great ferences in the appendages of the instar Exuma Island, Exuma Cays, Moss Town IV female and the adult female that Blue Hole (new locality). suggest that the two specimens may not be conspecific are: 1, the basis of the Acknowledgments mandible of the instar IV female has 2 small lateral bristles near the ventral Specimens were obtained under the margin compared to 1 bristle on the adult terms of a Marine Resource Collection male; 2, the instar IV female bears 2 Permit issued by the Bahamas Depart- proximal bristles on the seventh limb ment of Fisheries to Thomas Iliffe. compared to 4 on the adult female (this Penciled camera lucida taxonomic illus- could be the result of ontogenetic devel- trations drawn by Kornicker were inked opment). The overall similarity of the by Megan Bluhm. Map and graph 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON prepared by Molly K. Ryan, Smithsonian ———. 1981. Revision, distribution, ecology, and Institution, electronic figure plates pre- ontogeny of the ostracode subfamily Cyclas- pared by Lindsey Ragsdale. Editor Janet teropinae (Myodocopina: Cylindroleberidi- dae).—Smithsonian Contributions to Zoolo- W. Reid made many suggestions that gy 319:548. greatly improved the paper. This research ———. 1986. Cylindroleberididae of the western was supported by grants from the Carib- North Atlantic and the northern Gulf of bean Marine Research Center (CMRC) Mexico, and zoogeography of the Myodoco- of the National Oceanic and Atmospher- pina (Ostracoda).—Smithsonian Contribu- tions to Zoology 425:1–139. ic Administration (NOAA) and from the ———, & T. M. Iliffe. 1989. Ostracoda (Myodoco- National Science Foundation Biodiversi- pina, Cladocopina, Halocypridina) from an- ty Surveys and Inventories Program chialine caves in Bermuda.—Smithsonian (DEB-0315903) to Thomas Iliffe. Mem- Contributions to Zoology 475:1–88. bers of the January 2003 expedition to the ———, & ———. 2000. Myodocopid Ostracoda Exuma Cays included Iliffe, Marc Slat- from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from marine caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, tery (University of Mississippi); Fer- Bermuda, and Mexico.—Smithsonian Con- nando Alvarez (Universidad Nacional tributions to Zoology 606:1–98. Auto´noma de Me´xico); Todd Haney ———, ———, & E. Harrison-Nelson. 2002. and Leslie Harris (Natural History Mu- Ostracoda (Myodocopa) from Bahamian seum of Los Angeles County); Rebecca Blue Holes.—Smithsonian Contributions to Belcher, Darcy Gibbons, Lara Hinder- Zoology 616:1–99. ———, ———, & ———. 2007. Ostracoda (Myodo- stein and Colin Kliewer (Texas A&M copa) from Anchialine Caves and Ocean Blue University graduate students); Joris van Holes.—Zootaxa, Bulletin number 1565, der Ham (University of Louisiana at 151 pp. Lafayette graduate student); Brian Ka- ———, J. Yager, & D. Williams. 1990. Ostracoda kuk (Bahama Caves Research Founda- (Halocyprididae) from anchialine caves in the tion); and Curt Bowen (Advanced Diver Bahamas.—Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 495:1–51. Magazine). Maddocks, R. F., & T. M. Iliffe. 1986. Podocopid Ostracoda of Bermudian caves.—Stygologia Literature Cited 2:26–76. Poulsen, E. M. 1962. Ostracoda-Myodocopa. 1:Cy- Kornicker, L. S. 1958. Ecology and taxonomy of pridiniformes-Cypridinidae.—Dana Reports Recent marine ostracodes in the Bimini Area, 57:1–414. Carlsberg Foundation. Copenha- Great Bahama Bank.—Publications of the gen, Denmark. Institute of Marine Science (The University of Texas) 5:194–300. Associate Editor: Janet W. Reid.