Journal of Management Policy and Practice
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Journal of Management Policy and Practice North American Business Press Atlanta – Seattle – South Florida - Toronto Journal of Management Policy and Practice Editor Dr. Daniel Goldsmith Founding Editor Dr. William Johnson Editor-In-Chief Dr. David Smith NABP EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Andy Bertsch - MINOT STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Jacob Bikker - UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS Dr. Bill Bommer - CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO Dr. Michael Bond - UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA Dr. Charles Butler - COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Jon Carrick - STETSON UNIVERSITY Dr. Mondher Cherif - REIMS, FRANCE Dr. Daniel Condon - DOMINICAN UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO Dr. Bahram Dadgostar - LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY, CANADA Dr. Deborah Erdos-Knapp - KENT STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Bruce Forster - UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, KEARNEY Dr. Nancy Furlow - MARYMOUNT UNIVERSITY Dr. Mark Gershon - TEMPLE UNIVERSITY Dr. Philippe Gregoire - UNIVERSITY OF LAVAL, CANADA Dr. Donald Grunewald - IONA COLLEGE Dr. Samanthala Hettihewa - UNIVERSITY OF BALLARAT, AUSTRALIA Dr. Russell Kashian - UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN, WHITEWATER Dr. Jeffrey Kennedy - PALM BEACH ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY Dr. Jerry Knutson - AG EDWARDS Dr. Dean Koutramanis - UNIVERSITY OF TAMPA Dr. Malek Lashgari - UNIVERSITY OF HARTFORD Dr. Priscilla Liang - CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, CHANNEL ISLANDS Dr. Tony Matias - MATIAS AND ASSOCIATES Dr. Patti Meglich - UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, OMAHA Dr. Robert Metts - UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO Dr. Adil Mouhammed - UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, SPRINGFIELD Dr. Roy Pearson - COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY Dr. Sergiy Rakhmayil - RYERSON UNIVERSITY, CANADA Dr. Robert Scherer - CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Ira Sohn - MONTCLAIR STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Reginal Sheppard - UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA Dr. Carlos Spaht - LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY, SHREVEPORT Dr. Ken Thorpe - EMORY UNIVERSITY Dr. Robert Tian - MEDIALLE COLLEGE Dr. Calin Valsan - BISHOP'S UNIVERSITY, CANADA Dr. Anne Walsh - LA SALLE UNIVERSITY Dr. Thomas Verney - SHIPPENSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY Dr. Christopher Wright - UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA Volume 13(5) ISSN 1913-8067 Authors have granted copyright consent to allow that copies of their article may be made for personal or internal use. This does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Any consent for republication, other than noted, must be granted through the publisher: North American Business Press, Inc. Atlanta – Seattle – South Florida - Toronto ©Journal of Management Policy and Practice 2012 For submission, subscription or copyright information, contact the editor at: [email protected] Subscription Price: US$ 340/yr Our journals are indexed by one of more of the following: UMI-Proquest-ABI Inform, EBSCOHost, GoogleScholar, and listed with Cabell's Directory of Periodicals, Ulrich's Listing of Periodicals, Bowkers Publishing Resources, the Library of Congress, the National Library of Canada. Our journals have been used to support the Academically Qualified (AQ) faculty classification by all recognized business school accrediting bodies. This Issue The Aesthetic Product as Entrepreneurial Driver: An Arts Perspective on Entrepreneurial Innovation ........................................................................................... 11 Jeffrey Nytch This article presents a case study of the Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble (“PNME”), an arts organization transformed by reinventing its artistic product based on new methods of audience engagement. The PNME approach reveals valuable insights for artists, entrepreneurs, and scholars. These range from suggesting a methodology for artists and arts organizations to revitalize their art and reinvigorate their audience, to revealing new avenues for research on the nature of creativity within entrepreneurship. By viewing artistic innovation as a seminal act of entrepreneurship, scholars may contemplate how the arts can be more powerfully applied to mainstream entrepreneurship pedagogy and theory. The Impact of a Focus on Change in Technology in Successful Implementation of SAP Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in North and South America ................................................. 19 William Stewart Thomas, Danielle Babb, John E. Spillan Organizations find the adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as a necessity to enhance success of focus on multiple competitive priorities. With the adoption of ERP comes the potential for success as well as failure. While studies have been conducted on the impact of change management and change to best business practices, the impact of focus on technology and the related correlation to successful ERP implementations remains in question. This research measures the impact of technology as correlated to successful ERP implementations in hopes to contribute to scholarly findings and advice to future practitioners for future success in ERP implementations. Antecedents of Cultural Intelligence: The Role of Risk, Control, and Openness in France and the United States ............................................................................................. 35 Robert L. Engle, Chadwick C. Nehrt We investigate the relationships between risk orientation, need for control and openness, on the one hand, and cultural intelligence on the other hand. Theory suggests positive relationships. Using survey data from the United States and France, we do find those positive relationships. Our study is the first we know of to test the link between risk orientation and cultural intelligence; it is only the second study of which we are aware to test the link between need for control and cultural intelligence. Finally, we also find our French respondents had a higher cultural intelligence than our American respondents, raising interesting questions for future research. Business Intuition: The Mortar among the Bricks of Analysis ............................................................. 48 Kaylene C. Williams Intuition is a genuine phenomenon that involves understandings and processes that are non-hierarchical, not based on formal education or years of experience, non-analytic, unpredictable, is quick and easy, and is made without extended conscious deliberation. Managers frequently use their business intuition to direct some part of their decision making and, hence, competitive impact. However, they do not ignore available information or their experiences. Rather, they use both analysis and intuition in their decision making. That is, systematic analysis and intuition are complementary rather than exclusionary, based on what the situation needs to get the best result at the time. This paper defines what is meant by the term intuition and discusses its use and importance in business. Thereafter, the attributes of intuition and of the intuitive manager are presented as well as a discussion of how intuition works. This is followed by ideas regarding how to develop intuition and how to increase the success of business intuition. Policy Awareness, Enforcement and Maintenance: Critical to Information Security Effectiveness in Organizations .................................................................................................. 66 Kenneth J. Knapp, Claudia J. Ferrante To minimize the probability of costly information security incidents, organizations should be highly motivated to communicate, enforce and maintain security policies. With insight from the workplace deviance and organizational learning literature, we investigate a model exploring the impact of policy awareness, enforcement and maintenance on the effectiveness of information security programs in organizations. Utilizing a sample of 297 certified information security professionals located in the United States, we found support for the model as well as a second-order version of a modified structure. Before concluding, we discuss our results, study limitations and offer implications for research and practice.1 Impacts of Tax Incentive Programs on Mineral Exploration Expenditures in Canada: An Empirical Analysis .................................................................................. 81 Irina Khindanova From a government perspective, exploration investment is important for future global competitiveness in mineral industries. Canada provides an example of a nation that promotes exploration and is a major target of companies’ exploration budgets. This paper analyzes impacts of the government policies and tax incentive programs on exploration spending by mining companies in Canada. The study is performed using econometric modeling of the Canadian exploration expenditures over the period of 1969-2008. Our analysis confirms that the tax incentive programs were effective in increase of exploration spending by the junior mining companies. Government Spending or Tax Cuts for Education in Taylor County, Texas ...................................... 88 Ian Shepherd, Dee Ann Shepherd On February 17, 2009, President Barack Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The Education sector in Taylor County, Texas, received $17,251,899 in grants over 16 months for 17 projects. This paper will model the impact of the stimulus package on Taylor County, Texas, and its effect on education, and then compare this model with an alternate tax relief model to gauge indirect and induced changes in the Education sector within the county. This paper will examine the sustainability of one