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Complexity of Language in Indian English Newspapers

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Complexity of Language in Indian English Newspapers International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1867-1878 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ COMPLEXITY OF LANGUAGE IN INDIAN ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS *Ananthan S.S, Student, Master of Journalism and Mass Communication, Dept of Visual Media & Communication, Amrita School of Arts & Sciences, Kochi, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India, Ph: 9567733747, email: [email protected] *Sreekarthika M.J, Student, Master of Journalism and Mass Communication, Dept of Visual Media & Communication, Amrita School of Arts & Sciences, Kochi, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India, Ph: 8137003372, email: [email protected] *SreenaKarur, Assistant Professor,Dept of Visual Media & Communication, Amrita School of Arts & Sciences, Kochi, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India, Ph: 9895210810, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Though there is a decline in the Newspaper industry all around the world, India is not that much affected. The circulation of regional language newspapers is the main reason behind this. But when the future of English language newspapers is considered, it is not so bright. Most of the newspaper readers are depending on regional language newspapers and other online portals for news gathering. The complexity of language employed in Indian English Newspapers makes the non-nativereaders hard to interpret news and subsequently. they will choose other options to get news. This research paper finds whether complexity of language affectthe circulation of Indian English Newspapers adopting the quantitative study with survey method. The sample size chosen for the study is 239 out of 500 where regional language newspapers were excluded. The study mainly targeted the Indian English Newspaper readers from Trivandrum, Kollam, Alappuzha and Kochi. The study incorporated Uses and gratification Theory to examine whether the respondents are satisfied with the way English language is employed to write news articles. When the data obtained were analyzed, it was found that they faced many difficulties while reading Indian English Newspapers and they are not satisfied with the way English language is under in their subscription. Keywords: English newspapers, circulation, complex language, attitude of readers, non- native readers INTRODUCTION There is a gloomy future for Newspapers with the growth of the Internet (Rupert Murdoch, The Guardian). The newspaper industry was motivating in initial years before the introduction of Television and Internet. As Television arrived in the 1950s, it paved the way for the beginning in the decline of printed newspapers. The dominance of Internet in the past years was another threat to the future of newspapers, which is still evolving. Television and Internet are excellent in bringing news to the audience with its visual and audio aesthetics, this makes them best than a normal conventional newspaper. Print medium was always affected by new technologies much before the emergence of Internet technology, like Television and Radio which affected the readership habits. Many researchers have investigated the effects of other media on Print like, Lazarsfeld who 1867 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue studied radio (Radio and Printed Page) and Belrun who studied Television (The Effects of Television on the Reading and Buying of Newspapers and Magazines). When history is traced, it shows the future of newspapers is always affected by its contemporaries. Examining the current media scenario, newspapers are in midst of stiff competition against the Internet. In a survey conducted by Dr. Pradeep Tiwari, senior photo Journalist, The Tribune Publications in 2016 asserts that there is a considerable amount of decrease in print readers, especially in non-vernacular languages. All media publications around the globe are shifting to online publications because of a decline in advertising revenues (Franklin B, 2008, The future of newspapers, journalism studies). In his piece, “The Last Bastion of a profitable press” SashiTharoor affirms this and says “Newspaper circulation in India has grown from 39.1 million copies in 2006 to 2016, newspaper circulation grew 12% in India while it fell in almost every other major media market” (12% in U.K, 17% IN U.S and 3% in Germany and France). Though the readership of printed newspapers is in a decline on a worldwide basis, the latest data released by Audit Bureau of Circulations on May 8, 2017, confirms that there is an unusual growth of print media in India. ABC said in a statement and confirmed that print medium in India is “thriving, growing and expanding” in spite of “stiff competition” from Television, Radio and other digital industries and India has bucked the global trend of decline readership of print media. Though the circulation for print publications in India is not that much affected and is not on a decline like in the most developed markets, the condition of English newspapers seems pathetic. According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations; there is no stop for Regional language newspaper circulation but English publication saw a below average growth over the decade, at a mere 2.87% while Hindi (8.76%), Telugu (8.28%), Kannada (6.20%), Tamil (5.5%) and Malayalam (4. 11 %) saw an increase in growth. There is no doubt that English newspapers are threatened by the rise of digital more than dailies in any other language. About 80% of print readers in India consume content in Hindi & Regional languages (Industry Report Afaqs Reporter). Ten years ago, English was the only place to be in the Indian newspaper business. There were large newspapers in other languages but they lacked in pages, confidence, and profit. Over the past decade, the combined circulation of English dailies has given up by over 50% but readership has grown only in figures. (Afaqs reporter, special edition). It is the privileged English speakers who have been the first to go online. Equally, it is English that unlocks the vast treasure of content on the internet – though, admittedly, video knows no language. The 125 million Indians online are also the ones most likely to move to mobile devices and gather information there (Afaqs reporter, special edition). There is one major warning sign about English‟s apparent inability to grow further. Over the past decade, the combined circulation of English dailies has gone up by over 50 percent, but readership has grown only in single figures. In other words, people are sharing their dailies less than before – and new converts are harder to find. This suggests that Indians who do pick up the reading habit, stick to the local language in which they are most comfortable, instead of moving on to English. In sum, this study was particularly done to examine the plight of English language newspapers. Though many reasons like the growth of Internet, social media and online 1868 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue portals have something to do with decline of English newspaper subscription this research will provide a better framework to check whether language is hidden reason for the same. LITERATURE REVIEW Related Theories Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumber and Michael Gurevitch, who are the founders of the Uses and Gratification Theory(UGT), have presented a systematic and comprehensive articulation of audience member role in the communication process. Apart from that, there are few famous researchers who have utilized this theory formerly. Wilbur Schramm (1954) has developed a means of determining which offerings of Mass Communication will be selected by a given individual. Schramm‟s fraction of selection has shown how media choices are made and he came out with the formulae, which is the expectation of the reward from the audience against how much effort they require to secure the reward. Past Research Findings The emergence of the internet has affected the environment of traditional media dramatically. The main characters such as immediacy, accuracy, simplicity, and interactivity of online portals have gained success in catching the attention of new and old readers. Leaving immediacy apart from the traits of the traditional print medium; accuracy, simplicity, and interactivity can be brought to conventional print medium for the growth and promising future of newspapers. Print media is losing their consumers because they want news on demand. Readers are choosing online and multimedia products rather than printed materials because they want news on demand which is simplified and customized that do not kill their time. The print media separation happens as a result of globalization is another insight in the fate of newspaper industry (published in the Journal of Business Perspective 2007). The study shows that newspaper organization has understood the current trends of the audience who live in the globalized world and are providing what they are in need through the internet. There is a rise in growth of online portals/websites that provide news well and simplified saving the time of readers. An indication of a downturn in print newspaper is surfaced in these recent years. Advancement in technology has influenced reading habit of newspapers and caused it to transcend from print newspapers to online news. A qualitative research has been conducted among the young generation by Liew Chee Kit, school of communication and language studies, Malaysia. Liew Chee comes to a conclusion that the readership towards printed newspapers is declining
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