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Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - PS3.0-2015C

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Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - PS3.0-2015C Click to edit Master title style • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - PS3.0-2015c National Resource Centre for EHR Standards(NRCeS) C-DAC, Pune 1 ClickWhat to is editDICOM? Master title style • ClickThe standard to edit Masterfor Digital text Imagingstyles and Communications in Medicine. • Developed– Second levelby the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) in conjunction• Third levelwith the American College of Radiology (ACR). • To handle– Fourthdeveloping level network and image standards, a new standard » Fifth level DICOM, was proposed in 1981. • Covers most image formats for all of medicine. • Specification for messaging and communication between imaging machines. 2 ClickWhy DICOMto edit MasterStandard? title style • ClickSingle tofile editformat Masteraccommodating text styles textual and imaging information. • DICOM– Secondenables level digital communication between diagnostic and therapeutic equipment• Third leveland systems from various manufacturers. • For phycians– Fourth, anywherelevel access to images and reports » Fifth level • For patients, it provides cost-effectiveness in health care. 3 ClickDICOM to Goaledit Master title style • ItsClickgoal to ineditdeveloping Master texta standard styles was – ToSecondenable levelusers to retrieve images and associated information from digital imaging equipment• Third levelin a standard format using point-to-point connection. – To hide– Fourthdifferences level same across multiple image equipment manufacturers. » Fifth level 4 ClickCommunication to edit Master title style • DICOMClick to editnot Masteronly defines text stylesthe imaging file format but also the different services– Secondwhich level makes the clinical workflow complete. • The•communicationThird level in DICOM is build on top of TCP/IP layer. – Fourth level » Fifth level 5 ClickUses to edit Master title style •• ClickThe toability edit Masterof two textor stylesmore systems or components to exchange –informationSecond level and to use the information that has been exchanged. • All• Thirdmodern level medical imaging systems, Equipment like X-Rays, Ultrasounds,– Fourth levelCT (Computed Tomography), and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)»supportFifth level DICOM and use it extensively. 6 ClickBenefits to edit Master title style • ClickThe abilityto editof Mastermodern textimaging styles equipment to seamlessly collaborate and integrate– Second leveltogether in a multi-vendor environment is the most notable achievement• Third levelof DICOM that led to a great advancement in medical imaging–.Fourth level • DICOM image» Fifth exchangelevel technology, they can more accurately transmit, print and store images and files. 7 ClickDICOM to inedit Healthcare Master title Workflow style • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 8 ClickDICOM to Headeredit Master title style • ClickThe DICOM to edit headerMaster includestext styles • Preamble– Second level • DICM• Thirdprefix level – Fourth level • Pinch of DICOM» Fifth level file attributes (Data elements) 9 ClickDICOM to Fileedit StructureMaster title style • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 10 ClickPreamble to edit Master title style • TheClickpreamble to edit Masteris a string text stylesof 128 bytes, which opens any DICOM file. • Available– Second levelfor Application Profile or implementation specified use. If not used• byThirdan levelApplication Profile or a specific implementation all bytes shall be set to– Fourth00H. level » Fifth level • The use of a preamble is common in many imaging and data formats (consider TIFF images, for example), and DICOM adapted the same style. • However, the DICOM standard does not define any particular preamble structure or content. • It is intended to facilitate access to the images and other data in the DICOM file by providing compatibility with a number of commonly used computer image file formats. 11 ClickPrefix to edit Master title style • TheClick DICMto editprefix Master(indicating text stylesthe DICOM file format) follows the 128-byte preamble– Second levelverbatim. It simply consists of the four uppercase letters (D I C M)written• Third levelinto bytes 129–132 – Fourth level • Neither the» Fifthpreamble level nor the DICM prefix use DICOM VR encoding rules. They are simply stored in the first 128 + 4 = 132 bytes. • If you are writing a program to identify DICOM files, make it skip the first 128 bytes, and then verify the DICM prefix. 12 ClickFile-set to andedit FileMaster Format title style • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 13 ClickMessage to edit Structure Master title style • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 14 ClickCommand to edit Set Master Structure title style • TheClickCommand to edit MasterElements text stylesin a Command Set shall be ordered by increasing Command– Second levelElement Tag number. • A Command• Third levelElement Tag uniquely identifies a Command Element and shall occur– Fourthat mostlevel once in a Command Set. » Fifth level • The encoding of the Command Set shall be Little Endian Byte Ordering. • Private Command Elements can not be defined. 15 ClickData toSet edit Master title style What• Clickis toData editSet Master? text styles • A–DataSecondSet levelrepresents an instance of a real world Information Object. • A Data• ThirdSet levelis constructed of Data Elements. – Fourth level • Data element» Fifthis levelan atomic unit of data that has precise meaning or precise semantics. 16 ClickData toSet edit and Master Data Element title style Structure • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 17 ClickData toElement edit Master Structure title style • ClickData toElement edit MasterTag – textUnique stylesidentifier (4 bytes) It–isSecondcomposed level of Group Number and Element Number For example,• Third levelin (0010,0020) tag the Group Number is 0010 and the Element Number is 0020. – Fourth level • VR – Value»representationFifth level describes the type of data (2 byte) • Value Length – Either a 16 or 32-bit containing the Length of the Value Field .It does not include the length of the Data Element Tag, Value Representation, and Value Length Fields. • Value Field – Even number of bytes containing the value. • Data Element Types – – Explicit Data Element – Implicit Data Element 18 ClickStructure to edit of MasterExplicit titleData style Element • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 19 ClickStructure to edit of MasterImplicit titleData style Element • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 20 ClickHow DICOMto edit Master Data Set title is created style ? • FromClick to data edit elements Master text is the styles only way to do it . • But– Second with aroundlevel 2000 data elements in the DICOM Data Dictionary how can •it Thirdbe possible? level – Fourth level • How DICOM» Fifth Data level Set is created? Some MR Related Data Elements + Some CT Related Data Elements + X-Ray Image = DICOM Data Set ? NO 21 ClickBuilding to edit blocks Master of DICOM title style Data Set • ClickData toElements edit Master are the text smallest styles building block in the DICOM World. • In– orderSecond to level avoid such mixing of Data Elements , some larger building blocks• Third should level be define to process DICOM Image. • These Building– Fourth level blocks are Modules, Information Entities and IODs. » Fifth level • These all are hierarchical . • Modules form IEs, and these IEs is used to build IODs. 22 ClickIOD to edit Master title style • ClickAll real to- editworld Masterdata text– patients, styles studies, medical devices, and so on – are viewed– Secondby levelDICOM as objects . • These• Thirdobjects level and attributes are standardized according to DICOM Information– FourthObject level Definitions (IODs). » Fifth level • The Patient Identification Module is always mandatory for any DICOM modality; we cannot have a digital image without knowing who it belongs to. • DICOM classifies IODs as • Normalized IODs • Composite IODs 23 ClickNormalized to edit IODsMaster title style • NormalizedClick to edit IODMaster represents text styles a single, real-world entity just as our Patient IOD– Second represents level a patient. • The •DICOMThird level Study IOD, for example, is Normalized and contains only inherent– Fourthstudy level properties such as study date and time. » Fifth level • When an instance of a Normalized IOD is communicated, the context for that instance is not exchanged . 24 ClickComposite to edit IODs Master title style • ClickComposite to edit IODsMasterare textcombination styles of several real-world entities or their constituent– Second levelparts. For Example• Third level: Consider– Fourtha levelCT image IOD, for example: in DICOM this IOD will contain some of the patient» Fifthattributes level (name, ID, and so on to identify the patient this image belongs to) along with attributes of the CT scanner, patient study, and more. • These related Real-World Objects provide a complete context for the exchanged information. When an instance of a Composite IOD is communicated, this entire context is exchanged between Application Entities. Relationships between Composite IOD Instances shall be conveyed
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